2019届高考英语专题练习-阅读理解一、阅读理解（共10题）1. 阅读理解You've heard of the fat suit and the pregnancy suit; now meet AGNES—the old person suit.AGNES stands for “Age Gain Now Empathy(换位体验)System” and was designed by researchers at MIT's AgeLab to let you know what it feels like—physically—to be 75 years old. “The business of old age demands new tools,” said Joseph Coughlin, director of the AgeLab. “While focus groups and observations and surveys can help you understand what the older consumer needs and wants, young marketers never get that Ah ha! moment of having difficulty opening a jar, or getting in and out of a car. That's what AGNES provides. ”Coughlin and his team carefully adjusted the suit to make the wearer just as uncomfortable as an old person who has spent a lifetime eating poorly and not doing much exercise. Special shoes provide a feeling of imbalance, while braces on the knees and elbows limit joint mobility. Gloves give the feeling of decreased strength and mobility in the hands and wrists, and earplugs make it difficult to hear high—pitched sounds and soft tones. A helmet with straps(带)attached to it presses the spine(脊柱), and more straps attached to the shoes decrease hamstring flexibility, and shortens the wearer's step.AGNES has been used most recently by a group of students working on a design of an updated walker. By wearing the suit they could see for themselves what design and materials would make the most sense for a physically limited older person. Coughlin said the suit has also been used by clothing companies, car companies and retail goods companies to help them understand the limitations of an older consumer.“AGNES is not the destiny of everybody,” he said. “She is a badly behaved lady who didn't eat and exercise very well. A secondary benefit we've found with AGNES is that it has become a powerful tool to get younger people to invest in their long-term health. ”（1）AGNES has been developed to .A. make the users more comfortableB. 1et us understand old people betterC. help old people move more quicklyD. produce new tools for the old-age business（2）According to the article, young marketers never .A. feel the same way as old people doB. see the efforts old people makeC. ask what old people need and wantD. say “Ah ha!” when they meet with difficulty（3）The 3rd paragraph mainly tells about .A. how the AGNES wearer feelsB. how AGNES has been developedC. how old people actD. how AGNES works（4）“An updated walker”(underlined)most likely refers to.A. someone who travels a lotB. a physically limited old personC. some equipment that helps old people walkD. a company whose service involves old people（5）Which may be a fact resulting from the “secondary benefit” of AGNES?A. Young people respect old people.B. Old-age business improves their service·C. Old people eat and exercise well.D. Young people eat and exercise well.2. 阅读理解DogsAlmost everyone likes dogs, and almost everyone likes to read stories about dogs.I have a friend who has a large police dog named Jack. Police dogs are often very clever. Every Sunday afternoon my friend takes Jack for a long walk in the park. Jack likes these long walks very much.One Sunday afternoon a young man came to visit my friend. He stayed a long time. He talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk. But the visitor still stayed. Jack became very worried. He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid no attention (注意).He kept on talking. Finally Jack could stand it no longer. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down again in front of the visitor but this time he held the visitor's hat in his mouth.Here is another story about a clever dog. It was a seeing-eye dog. A seeing-eye dog is a special dog that helps blind people walk along the streets and do many other things. We call these dogs "seeing-eye" dogs because they are the "eyes" of the blind man and they help him to "see". These dogs usually go to special schools for several years to learn to help blind people.One day a seeing-eye dog and a blind man got on a bus together. The bus was full of people and there were no seats. One man, however, soon got up and left his seat. The dog took the blind man to the seat, but there was very little space. The dog began to push the people on each side with his nose. He pushed and pushed until the people moved down and finally there was enough space for two people. The blind man then sat down and the dog got up on the seat at his side. He lie down and put his head on the leg of the blind man. He was very comfortable and soon fell asleep. Everyone on the bus had to smile at the intelligence (聪明) of the dog in making space for the blind man and, at the same time, making a place for himself.（1）Which of the following words is not very much related to a dog?A. Intelligent.B. Loyal.C. Helpful.D. Ambitious.（2）Why did everyone on the bus smile at the seeing-eye dog?A. Because he was intelligent.B. Because he was helpful.C. Because he was friendly.D. Because he was cute.（3）Which of the following best describes a seeing-eye dog?A. A seeing-eye dog is the most intelligent of all dogs.B. A seeing-eye dog is a special dog that helps the police.C. A seeing-eye dog is a watchdog.D. A seeing-eye dog is a special dog that helps blind people.（4）What can be inferred from this passage?A. All dogs are rude to visitors.B. All dogs are impolite to passengers on buses.C. Dogs can be impolite but still loveable.D. Dogs are greedy.3. 阅读理解Sweet Dreams While You SleepDid you sleep the day away on Friday March 21? Well, you should have done that because it was World Sleeping Day.This is the day of the year when people around the world care about their sleep and ask themselves questions about sleep.Why do we need sleep?Nobody as yet can give a perfect answer to this question. However, lab tests on rats have shown that lack (缺少) of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature, great weight loss and finally, death.How much sleep?Different people need different amounts of sleep. Eight hours a night is considered the average amount of sleep. For teenagers, the least number of sleeping hours advised by doctors are 10 hours for primary school students, nine for junior highs and eight for senior highs.Some people seem to get along just well with very little sleep at night. Leading American scientist Thomas Edison, for example thought of sleep to be a waste of time. He did, however take naps (打盹) during the day. On the other hand, Albert Einstein, another great scientist, said he needed at least ten hours sleep a night.How can we sleep well?Here are some of the most popular tips for a good night's sleep:Listen to your body clock, not your alarm clock (闹钟).Use your bed only to sleep.Get up and go to bed at the same time (also on weekends).Exercise in the morning and in the early afternoon. Don't exercise in the evening.Stop looking at that clock while you can't sleep! And don't worry.Avoid alcohol (酒精), caffeine (咖啡因) and smoking before going to bed.Keep the bedroom dark, quiet, and cool.（1）Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Thomas Edison slept very long hours every day.B. Albert Einstein needed very little sleep.C. Doctors suggested that primary school students have ten hours of sleep.D. Doctors suggested that junior highs have eight hours of sleep.（2）Which of the following is not a good sleeping habit?A. Have a cup of alcohol before going to bed.B. Keep the bedroom dark, quiet and cool.C. Get up and go to bed at the same time.D. Listen to your body clock.（3）What is implied in this passage?A. Bedrooms can be used for other purposes.B. Great scientists need less sleep than ordinary people.C. World sleeping day is the only time when people become concerned about sleep.D. Results from lab tests on rats may be applicable to humans.4. 阅读理解Baths in JapanIn many western countries people do not bathe (沐浴) every day. Sometimes they bathe only once a week. Sometimes they bathe two or three times a week. They do not bathe often because the weather is cold or because hot water is expensive. They use electricity or wood to boil the water. Electricity and wood cost a lot of money. In cold countries people usually do not feel they are dirty if they do not have a bath.In Japan people bathe very often. Most people have a bath every day. When the weather is hot they sometimes have two or three baths a day. They bathe in very hot water. Usually the water is almost boiling. They believe that these very hot baths also stop them from falling ill.Each house has its own bathroom but there are also big bathhouses for everybody. They are found everywhere in Japan. In the bathhouse there is one part for men and one part for women. The bath is usually three meters wide, three meters long and about one meter deep: halfway down there is a narrow (狭窄的) seat that goes all the way around the bath. Many people use the bath but it is not dirty. Before a person gets into the big bath, they wash themselves first, and then get into the big bath. The person stays there for a short time. When they get out of the bath, they wash their body with soap and water. After the soap is all washed away, the person gets into the big bath again. Soap is not used in the big bath.The water in the big bath is changed quite often. The water is also very hot. In some places people hit the water with sticks first. They do this to make the water cooler. Then the men get into the bath very slowly and carefully. When a man gets into a bath, he says. "Excuse me." He does this because most of the hot water comes directly out of the ground. In other places people boil the water with a big fire. In a small bath at home sometimes people light a fire under the bath. When the water is hot, people in the family take a bath one by one.（1）Which of the following is not true about baths?A. Taking baths can help people relax themselves.B. Taking baths can refresh people.C. Taking baths can keep people clean.D. Taking baths can make people nervous.（2）What do people use to boil water in many western countries?A. Electricity.B. Gas.C. Coal.D. Straw.（3）What is the size of a public bath?A. Three meters long, three meters wide and about three meters deep.B. Three meters long, one meter wide and about three meters deep.C. Three meters long, three meters wide and about one meter deep.D. One meter long, three meters wide and about three meters deep.5. 阅读理解LOS ANGELES, Nov. 12 (Xinhua)—Legendary comic book writer Stan Lee has died at the age of 95, according to media reports on Monday.Lee, born in Stanley Lieber on Dec. 28th, 1922, began his career in 1939 and joined the Marvel Comics in 1961. He is considered as one of the most legendary names in the history of comic books and the leading creative force behind the rise of Marvel Comics. He co-created iconic fictional characters such as Spider-Man, X-Men, the Avengers, and many more.Lee's characters often have super powers, but they also have weaknesses. They were humans, not gods. They not only struggled to save the world, but also to pay their bills, make friends, and hold jobs. This made Marvel comic book heroes stand apart from its competitor DC, which produced the seemingly perfect heroes like Superman and Wonder Woman. Those superheroes have been adapted into blockbuster films, most of which were made after Disney acquired Marvel in a 4-billion-dollar deal in 2009.In a statement, Bob Iger, chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company said Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created.Marvel also praised Lee on its website by putting on one of Lee's famous quotes, which goes, “I used to be embarrassed because I was just a comic-book writer while other people were building bridges or going on to medical careers. And then I began to realize: entertainment is one of the most important things in people's lives. Without it, they might go off the deep end. I feel that if you're able to entertain, you're doing a good thing. ”Praise from his Hollywood peers and colleagues was generous. President of Marvel Studios Kevin Feige appreciated Lee's unparalleled impact on the industry. “No one has had more of an impact on my career than Stan Lee,” Feige said. “Our thoughts are with his family and the millions of fans who have been forever touched by Stan's genius, charisma and heart.”（1）How do Lee's characters differ from those of DC?A. They are perfect heroes.B. They often have super powers.C. They are not humans, but gods.D. They have human shortcomings.（2）We can learn from Lee's statement in Paragraph 6 that ________.A. it is embarrassing to be a comic-book writerB. a taste of entertainment is necessary in people's livesC. entertainment is the most important thing in the worldD. you can do everything well if you are able to entertain（3）According to the passage, we could know that ________.A. Lee influenced Kevin Feige's career a lotB. Lee joined the Marvel Comics in his fortiesC. Lee created the fictional characters all by himselfD. The superheroes were adapted into films before Disney acquired Marvel（4）What can be the best title for the passage?A. Comics Legend—the Marvels and DCB. The Superheroes in Stan Lee's ComicsC. Marvel's Comics Legend Stan Lee Dies at 95D. The Life Story of Marvel Comics Legend Stan Lee6. 阅读理解I sat with my friend in a well-known coffee shop in a neighboring town of Venice. As we enjoyed our coffee, a man called the wai ter and placed his order, “Two cups of coffee, one on the wall.” We got interested and observed that he was served with one cup of coffee but he paid for two. As soon as he left, the waiter attached a piece of paper to the wall saying “A Cup of Coffee.” Si milar occasions took place twice while we were there. It seemed that this gesture was quite normal at this place. However, it was something unique and confusing for us.After a few days, when we again enjoyed coffee there, a man entered. The way this man was dressed did not match the standard or the atmosphere of this coffee shop. Poverty was evident from his looks. As he seated himself, he looked at the wall and said, “One cup of coffee from the wall.” The waiter served coffee to this man with respect and dignity. The man had his coffee and left without paying. We were amazed to watch all this when the waiter took off a piece of paper from the wall and threw it in the dustbin.Now it was no surprise for us; the matter was very clear. The great respect for the needy shown by people in this town moved us to tears.Coffee is not a necessity. However, the point is that when we take pleasure in any blessing, maybe we also need to think about those people who also appreciate that specific blessing but cannot afford.Note the waiter, who gets the communication going between the affording and the needy with a smile on his face. Think about the man in need: he enters the coffee shop without having to lower his self-dignity; he has a free cup of coffee without asking or knowing about who has given this cup of coffee to him; he only looked at the wall, placed an order for himself, enjoyed his coffee and left. Besides, we need to remember the role played by the wall that reflects the generosity and care of people in this town.（1）What made the author interested as well as confused?A. The waiter's making normal gestures.B. Customers' buying coffee for the needy.C. The waiter's attaching coffee orders on the wall.D. Customers' paying for coffee and having it put on the wall.（2）The author thought the man in need was ______.A. not properly dressedB. obviously poorC. not right to leave without payingD. strange to order coffee from the wall（3）In the author's opinion, coffee is _____.A. necessary in our lifeB. respect shown for the needyC. a blessing to someone who can't affordD. a blessing everyone should have（4）The passage is mainly concerned about ______.A. learning from the waiterB. buying coffee for othersC. caring more about the people in needD. analyzing the characters in the coffee shop7. 阅读理解While it's books that make a library, being in lovely surroundings may provide inspiration and help you work a little bit harder. Here are some of the coolest libraries of the world.Library of Birmingham – Birmingham, U.K.The new Library of Birmingham is said to be not only Britain's biggest public library, but also the largest in Europe. Designed by Dutch architects, this replacement for the Birmingham Central Library was opened in 2013 and has a wealth of resources within its walls, including adults and kids' libraries, music collections, a Shakespeare Memorial Room, and even a gym room. Gardens crown the roof, while the changing seasons bring variations in the shadows and reflections inside.National Library of France – Paris, FranceThe National Library of France, which now contains an astonishing collection of 30 million, dates back to the 14th century and this royal library was set up at the Louvre by King Charles V. The Library was moved to Rue de Richelieu site in 1868, with major design work carried out by French architects Henri Labrouste and, following his death, Jean-Louis Pascal. Here, the reading rooms are elegance itself. There are more than just books to be found.State Library of New South Wales – Sydney, AustraliaThe public State Library of New South Wales holds the honor of being the oldest institution of its kind in Australia. It was originally set up as the Australian Subscription Library in 1826, but it wasn't until 1942 that its permanent home was ready. Designed by Sydney architect Walter Liberty Vernon and completed in 1910, the magnificent sandstone Mitchell Wing is one of the architectural highlights.Seattle Central Library – Seattle, Washington, USASeattle Central Library's distinctive design ensures it stands out. Architect Rem Koolhaas is one of the names attached to its design. Architects sought to envelop the 11-story building with “a layer of transparency”, using a skin of glass and metal. The finished article houses about 1.45 million books and other things, as well as more than 400 computers available for public use. The building, which opened in 2004, was included on the American Institute of Architects' list of America's 150 favorite buildings in 2007.（1）Which of the following library has the longest history?A. Library of BirminghamB. National Library of FranceC. State Library of New South WalesD. Seattle Central Library（2）What can you do in Library of Birmingham?A. Attend a concert.B. Act a play.C. Take some exercise.D. Enjoy new technology.（3）What do National Library of France and Seattle Central Library have in common?A. They have computers available.B. They were moved to a new place.C. They won awards for architecture.D. They were designed by more than one person.8. 阅读理解Most dog owners are convinced that their four-legged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like sit, stay or treat. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other info rmation to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog's mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner's voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta's Emory University seems t o indicate that “man's best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turnsinside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog's language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu”and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn't seen before.The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs' brains responsible for processing of sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step forward in understanding how dogs process language.Even more interesting was that the dog's brains showed a higher level of neural(神经)activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also receive praise or food,” says Empty neuro scientist Gregory Burns, senior author of the study.However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken command because that's what humans prefer, ”Prichard says.“ From the dog's view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”（1）What's the purpose of the new study?A. To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.B. To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.C. To prove dogs follow owners' order by listening.D. To test out how dogs get information from owners.（2）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?A. Inform the result of the research.B. State the process of the research.C. Stress the importance of the research.D. Introduce the subjects of the research.（3）How do human brains and dog brains react to words?A. Human brains become active at unfamiliar words.B. Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.C. Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.D. Dog brains show no response to familiar words.（4）What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?A. Give dogs oral command.B. Teach dog new tricks.C. Involve sight and smell.D. Encourage faster learning.9. 阅读理解At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their allowances on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo Quisocola was busy saving money for basic purchases. To try to get his peers（同龄人）to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an eco-bank, the BartselanaStudent Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.Set up in 2012, the bank is the world's first bank for kids. To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and observe other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.The waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies, who, thanks to Jose's efforts, pay ahigher-than-market rate for everything brought in by the bank members. The money received is placed in the personal account where they collect until the savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw the money, or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a b igger target. “At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project,” Jose recalls, “They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily, I had the support of the school headmaster and an assistant in my class.”The boy's efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, boasts ten educational centers. They are designed to teach the over 3,000 students, aged 10 to 18, to become financially independent, use their money wisely, and help the environment.Not surprisingly, Jose's efforts have earned him several national and international awards. On November 20, 2018, Jose won Children's Climate Prize, which comes with a medal and $5,500 in prize money and is given to a child or youth who has accomplished an extraordinary achievement for the climate or environment.（1）Why did Jose set up the bank?A. To raise money and set up a recycling company.B. To buy necessities and donate them to needy kids.C. To save much money and protect the environment.D. To educate the students and help them win prizes.（2）How can a kid be admitted to the eco-bank?A. By donating to the eco-bank.B. By turning in one kilogram of waste in a month.C. By sending in an application.D. By presenting a goal and a certain amount of waste.（3）How did the teachers feel about Jose's program?A. Doubtful.B. Excited.C. Moved.D. Worried.（4）What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A. How the environment is improved.B. What the project has achieved.C. How tons of waste has been recycled.D. What support the local institutions get.10. 阅读理解While visiting the North pole in winter may not be at the top of your bucket list, the ever-changing ICEHOTEL, which opened its doors to visitors on December 14 this year, may change your mind.200 km north of the Arctic Circle in the Swedish village of Jukkasjārvi, the hotel, which is carved entirely from ice, is rebuilt annually.The 35 rooms, built to accommodate visitors on all kinds of budgets, vary from expensive suites to basic rooms that are furnished with just an icy bed and a reindeer skin. Among the highlights this year is the “Spruce Woods” suite. Sculpted by Christopher Pascoe and Jennie O'Keefe of Canada, it describes a camping scene complete with a classic microbus, a forest, and even an artificial campfire.There is also the artfully-carved “Living Ocean” suite to remind visitors of the importance of saving our oceans. The room is full of carved sea life that includes coral and a sha rk “swimming” right over the ice bed. “The suite is inspired by global warming and the overfishing that affects our oceans.” says artist Jonathan Paul Green. “I also think the idea of using frozen water from a river in northern Sweden to create an ocean with shells, fish, and corals is exciting.”The nearby “Haven” suite is a “magical gate of ice” guarded by two large animals. “We are inspired by the meeting between people and want to create an experience that invites curiosity and creativity, "says artist Jonas Johansson." It feels like a dream to get to work with ice that allows our love for light, shine, and reflection to wander freely from thought to creation.”Regardless of whether visitors select the carved suites or the basic ice rooms, the temperature is always set to a bone-chilling －5℃! That is why guests are advised to snuggle(蜷缩)up inside sleeping bags and wear gloves and winter hats all night. Not surprisingly, most end up spending just a single night at this unique hotel before moving on to the conventional and warmer hotels nearby.（1）What does the underlined phrase “bucket list” mean in the text?A. A shopping list of buckets.B. A list of travelling destinations.C. A list of expensive hotels.D. A list of exciting ideas.（2）What can we know about the ice hotel?A. It is rebuilt every year.B. Its rooms are expensive.C. It organizes camping activities.D. It lies in a coastal city.（3）Where does the inspiration of “Living Ocean” suite come from?A. Art and literature.B. Ocean life and voyage.C. Climate changes and human influence.D. The meeting of people.（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. An Adventure to the North PoleB. An Experience Close to NatureC. A Taste of Cold: A Night in a VillageD. A Winter Destination: Sweden's Ice Hotel。
