SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH PPT WEEK#9

Rural per capita net income Urban per capita disposable income
21810
19109
3587
5153
5919
0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: National Bureau of Statistics, Zhangye/China Daily, 2012
• Education—key determinant of work/employment,
• Social support networks, and coping skill [how you deal with your problems],
• Health care services,
• Healthy child development [childhood’s experience are major determinants of adulthood coping skills], • Gender (socio-economic inequalities between men and women), • Genetic predisposition,
WHAT IS POPULATION HEALTH—HOW DO WE DEFINE IT?
A population health is referred to as a health status or wellbeing of a category of people such as a “community,” “neighborhood,” or “province.” This is different from the traditional medical and health care approach, which deal with the individual risk factors, and the clinical approach. In Population health approach we are concerned with common problems to a particular population. These common problems are regarded as population health determinants: What are they?
2) Income inequality disrupt the social fabric and leads to disinvestment in social capital 3) Income inequality results in poor health through direct psychological pathways such as frustration, and anger due individual comparisons (relative deprivation.)
Income Distribution in the BRICS Countries are Highly Unequal:
0.60
INCOME EQUALITY IN CHINA
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
INCOME AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION:
• Growing income inequality is a major problem affecting health of people around the world. • The world’s wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few people. • In the United States, 1% of the population controls approximately 45% of the country’s wealth. • What about China???
PATHWAYS LINKING INCOME INEQUALITY TO HEALTH Income inequality affects on health through psycho-social variables, such as:
1) Income inequality leads to underinvestment in human capital—both at individual community level
Income inequality in China remained more or less at a steady level since the early 2000, ranging between .47 and .49 (47% and 49%).
Source: Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Ravallion and Chen 2004, and National Bureau of Statistics, Zhangye/China Daily, 2012
*
Global pattern of the distribution of wealth—AN-RURAL INCOME GAP IN CHINA (IN YUAN)
25000
20000 15781 15000 11759 10000 5000 4140 4761 6977 13786 17175
SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH IN MODERN SOCIETIES
School of Public Administration Guangzhou University Soma Hewa, Ph.D.
Adjunct Professor School of Policy Studies Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Social Determinants of Health
Social Determinants of Health: What are they?
• Income—this, in turn, determines the secure access to food, shelter, and cloths [basic needs in life], • Income distribution determines our place in social hierarchy [we will talk about this in more detail later],