职称英语2012年理工词汇总结

20121年职称英语《理工类》语法词汇讲解01常见的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。

It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。

此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。

It is from the sun that we get light and heat.It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.使用此句型时, 应注意以下几点。

(1) 一般情况用It is(was)……that…如:He read three books in the library yesterday.我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。

如:It was he who(that)read three books in the library yesterday. (强调主语)It was three books that he read in the library yesterday. (强调宾语)It was in the library that he read three books yesterday. (强调时间状语)(2) 当被强调部分指人时, 可用that, 也可用who; 指物时, 只用that, 如:It was Tom who(that)I met last week.It is a new boke that his brother wants to buy.012年职称英语《理工类》语法词汇讲解02(3) 强调状语时, 只用that, 不用when、where. 如:It is at 5 o'clock that the train will arrive.(4) 被强调的部分是主语时, 注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。

Aa anart.1.一(个)2.每一(个)3.(同类事物中的)任何一个abandonvt. 放弃,遗弃,丢弃abbeyn.1.修道院 2.大教堂ABCn.1.字母表 2.基础知识 ,abdomenn. 腹部abdominaladj.腹部的abilityn.1.能力,本领2.(pl.)才能,才识ableadj.1.有(能力、时间、知识等)做某事的2.有本事的,能干的be able to：能够,会aboardadv./prep.在船(车、飞行器)上,上船(车、飞行器)abolisvt.废除,取消abortionn.流产,堕胎aboutprep.1.在…周围2.关于,对于adv.1.附近,周围,到处2.大约aboveprep.在…之上,高于above all：尤其是,最主要的是adj.上述的,上面的adv.1.在上面,往上2.更多abroadadv.1.到国外,在海外2.遍布,到处absence n.1.缺席2.缺乏,缺少absentadj.1.缺席的 2.缺乏的3.不在意的,茫然的be absent from：缺席accommodatevt.1.为…提供住宿2.容纳,接纳3.使适应,调节accommodationn.1.膳宿供应2.(pl.)提供便利的设备(或用具)3.适应,调节accompanyvt.1.陪伴,陪同 2.为…伴奏accomplishvt.完成,实现,成就accordancen.一致,相符in accordance with：依照,依据,与…一致according toprep.按照,根据accountvi.说明(理由等)account for：说明,解释(原因等)n.1.陈述,说明 2.账户,(pl.)账目3.原因,理由On account of：基于,由于On all accounts：无论如何on no account：决不take into account：考虑,重视accountantn.会计,出纳accurateadj.准确的,精确的accusationn.告发,控告accusevt.1.指责2.控告accuse…of指责某人,控告某人accustomvt.使习惯be accustomed to：习惯于acen.1.“A”牌 2.能手,专家3.发球得分absoluteadj.1.绝对的,完全的2.确实的,肯定的absorbvt.1.吸收2.使全神贯注abstractadj.抽象的,不具体的n.摘要,提要academicadj.1.学术的 2.学院的3.学究的academyn.1.(高等)院校,研究院2.学会,协会accentn.1.口音2.重音acceptvt.1.接受,领受 2.认可,同意vi.同意,认可acceptableadj.1.可接受的 2.合意的,受欢迎的acceptancen.1.接受2.承认,认可accessn.1.接近,获得(机会等)2.人口,通道 .have/gain access to：有(机会、手段、权力)得到/接近/进入accidentn.意外事件,事故by accident：意外地,偶然地achevi.痛n.痛,疼痛achievevt.1.完成,实现2.(经过努力)获得,达到achievementn.1.成就,成绩2.实现,达到acidadj.酸的,酸性的n.酸acknowledgevt.1.承认 2.感谢 3.告知收到(信件等)acquirevt.1.获得,取得 2.学到(知识等),养成(习惯等)acquisitionn. 获得(物)acren.英亩acrossprep.1.横过,穿过 2.在…的对面3.交叉4.经过(一段时间)adv.1.横过,穿过2.在另一边actvi.1.行动,做 2.起作用3.表演vt.1.扮演(角色)2.装作n.1.行为,行动2.法令,条例3.(戏剧的)一幕actionn.1.活动,行为2.作用activeadj.有活力的,积极的,主动的activistn.积极分子activityn.1.(pl.)活动,所做的事情2.活动性,活跃actorn.1.演员,男演员2.行动者actressn.女演员actualadj.事实上的,实际的actuallyadv.实际上acuteadj.1.(头脑或五官)灵敏的,敏锐的2.急性的A.D.公元adn.广告adaptvt.1.使适应,使适合2.改写,改编adapt...to：使适合,使适用addvi.1.增加2.加,相加add(up)to：累计为,总数达vt.1.加,增加 2.接着讲(或写)addictvt.使成瘾,热衷于be addicted to：嗜好,爱好addictionn.沉溺,吸毒成瘾additionn.1.加,加法2.附加部分,增加in addition to：除…之外,另外additionaladj.附加的,另外的addressn.1.地址,住址2.讲话,演说vt.1.向…讲话2.写姓名地址adequateadj.足够的,充分的adjoinvt.贴近,与…毗邻adjustvt.1.调整,调节 2.校准,校对vi.1.调整,校准2.(to)适应于administrationn.1.管理,经营2.行政机关admirevt.羡慕,赞美,钦佩admissionn.1.允许进入 2.入场费3.坦白,承认admitvt.1.承认 2.接纳,招收adolescencen.青春期,青少年adoptvt.1.采用,采取(态度等)2.选定(道路、职业等)3.收养adultadj.成年人的,已成熟的n.成年人advancevt.1.促进,推进 2.提升,提高3.提出vi.前进,进展n.1.发展,前进2.预付款项3.增长,抬高in advance：预先,在前面advantagen.1.优势,优点2.利益,好处take advantage of：利用,趁机adventuren.1.冒险活动2.奇遇advertisementn.1.广告2.做广告,登广告advicen.忠告,劝告advisevt.1.劝告,建议 2.通告,通知advisern.劝告者,顾问affairn.1.事情,事件2.(pl.)事务,事态affectvt.1.影响,作用 2.感动3.(疾病)侵袭affectionn.1.慈爱,爱,感情2.作用,影响affordvt.1.担负得起,买得起,抽得出(时间等)2.提供afraidadj.1.害怕的,畏惧的2.恐怕的,担心的be afraid of：害怕African.非洲Africanadj.非洲(人)的n.非洲人afterprep.在…以后,在…后面adv.以后,后来conj.在…以后afternoonn.下午,午后afterward(s)adv.以后,后来againadv.1.再,又2.(回)到原处,恢复原状again and again：反复地now and again：不时地,常常地time and again：反复地,一次又一次地againstprep.1.逆,反(对),违反 2.紧靠着,倚在3.与…对照,对比agen.1.年龄2.时代v.(使)变老,(使)老化agencyn.1.代理(权),代办2.力量,(能动)作用3.机构agendan.议事日程,记事册agentn.代理人,经办人aggressionn.侵略,攻击aggressiveadj.1.侵略的,侵犯的2.爱挑衅的,放肆的3.有进取心的,敢作敢为的agoadv.以前agonyn.(极度的)痛苦,创痛agreevi.1-赞同,答应 2.适合,一致3.商定,约定agree on/upon：对…意见一致agree to：同意,答应agree with：赞同,适合agreementn.1.协议,约定2.同意,达成协议agriculturen.农业aheadadv.在前,提前ahead of在…之前aidn.1.帮助,援助2.助手,辅助设备3.救护vt.1.帮助,援助 2.急救aimn.1.目的,目标2.瞄准,针对vi.(at)1.目的在于,企图2.瞄准,对准vt.把…瞄准,把…对准airn.1.大气,空气2.态度,神态by air：1.通过航空途径2.用无线电vt.通风aircraftn.飞机,飞艇,航空器airlinen.1.(飞机的)航线 2.航空公司airmailn.航空邮件,航空邮政airplane(英：aeroplane)n.飞机airportn.飞机场alarmn.1.惊恐2.警报3.警报器vt.1.使…惊恐2.向…报警album n.相片册,邮票簿alcoholn.1.酒精,乙醇2.含酒精的饮料alikeadj.相似的,相像的aliveadj.1.活着的,存在的2.有活力的,活泼的alladj.1.全部的,整个的2.非常的,极度的adv.完全地,十分地pron.全体,一切above all：首先,尤其是all over：到处,遍及in all：总计allegevt.断言,声称allegationadj.断言,主张,见解allegedadj.被说成的,被指称的allegedlyadv.据说alliancen.结盟,联盟,联姻alliedadj.联合的,同盟的,联姻的allowvt.1.允许,准许 2.承认3.给予vi.(for)考虑到,顾及allyn.1.同盟者2.伙伴3.同类almostadv.几乎,差不多aloneadj.1.单独的,孤独的2.唯一的adv.1.单独地,独自地2.只有,仅仅alongprep.沿着all along：始终,一直adv.向前alongsideprep.1.在…旁边,沿着…的边2.和…在一起3.和…相比adv.在旁边,并排地aloudadv.1.大声地 2.响亮地alreadyadv.已经,早已alsoadv.1.也,同样2.而且,还not only...butalso...：不但…而且altervt.1.改变,更改 2.改做(衣服等)vi.改变,变化alternativeadj.1.两者选一的 2.交替的n.1.两者选一 2.替换物3.交替althoughconj.尽管,虽然altituden.1.高度 2.海拔3.(pl.)高处altogetheradv.1.总共 2.完全地3.总之alumin(i)amn.铝alwaysadv.1.总是,一向2.始终,永远amateuradj.业余的n.业余爱好者amazevt.使惊讶,使吃惊amazingadj.令人惊讶的,令人吃惊的ambassadorn.大使,专使ambitionn.1.野心,雄心2.抱负,志向ambitiousadj.1.有雄心的,有抱负的2.热望的ambulancen.救护车(船、飞机等)amendmentn.1.改正,修正,改善2.修正案American.1.美洲2.美国Americanadj.1.美洲(人)的 2.美国(人)的n.1.美洲人2.美国人amidprep.在…中,在…当中among(st)prep.在…之中,在…中间amountvi.(to)1.总汁2.等于n.1.数额,数量2.总和,总额amplifyvt.1.扩大,加大 2.引申,详述amusevt.1.逗乐,使开心 2.给…提供娱乐analysevt.分析,分解analysisn.分析,分解in the final (1ast)analysis：归根结底ancestorn.祖宗。

职称英语词汇「理工类」1.able, capable, competentable为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，一般下效率无关，用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。

如：A cat is able to seein the dark.(猫在黑暗中能看见东西。

)capable 指满足一般要求的能力，可以是表现出来的，也可是潜在的，搭配是be capableofdoing。

用作定语，表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。

如：He is capable of running a mile in aminute.(他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。

)He is a very capable doctor.(他是一位很好的大夫。

)competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。

如：A doctor should be competent totreat many diseases.(医生应该能治多种病。

)2.aboard, abroad, board, broadaboard 在船(或飞机，车)上。

如：I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副词，在国外或海外。

如：He often goes abroad.board 为动词，上(船，飞机，车)。

如：The passengers are boarding the plane now.broad 为形容词，宽广的。

如：He has very broad shoulders.3.accept, receiveaccept 接受，receive“接到”，“收到”。

如：I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn'taccept it.(我收到了一个请柬，但并没有接受邀请。

)4.accident, incident, eventaccident事故。

2012年职称英语考试指导：全国职称英语等级考试相关词汇表GGainv.1.获得2.增进，增加3.(钟、表)走快n.1.营利2.(pl.)收益，利润3.增加，增进，增益+galaxyn.星系，银河系+galen.大风galleryn.1.画廊，美术陈列馆2.长廊3.(采矿)坑道+gallonn.加仑(液量单位，等于4夸脱，英制为4.546升，美制为3.785升)+gamblev./n.1.赌博2.投机，冒险gamen.1.游戏，娱乐2.比赛(项目)3.(pl.)运动会4.[总称]猎物gangn.一群，一伙gaol=jail1.监狱2.(不加冠词)监禁be in gaol：在押，在狱中vt.使…坐牢gapn.1.缺口，裂口2.间隔，空白3.差距garagen.1.车库2.(常兼汽车修理、销售业务的)加油站+garbagen.废料，垃圾gardenn.花园，庭园vi.从事园艺活动+garmentn.衣服，外衣gasn.1.煤气，可燃气2.气体3.汽油+gasolinen.(美语)汽油+gaspvi./n，气喘gaten.1.大门2. 阀门.闸门gatherv.1.集合，聚集2.采集，收集3.逐渐增加n.推测。

猜想gainv.1.获得2.增进，增加3.(钟、表)走快n.1.营利2.(pl.)收益，利润3.增加，增进，增益+galaxyn.星系，银河系+galen.大风galleryn.1.画廊，美术陈列馆2.长廊3.(采矿)坑道+gallonn.加仑(液量单位，等于4夸脱，英制为4.546升，美制为3.785升)+gamblev./n.1.赌博2.投机，冒险gamen.1.游戏，娱乐2.比赛(项目)3.(pl.)运动会4.[总称]猎物gangn.一群，一伙gaol=jail1.监狱2.(不加冠词)监禁be in gaol：在押，在狱中vt.使…坐牢gapn.1.缺口，裂口2.间隔，空白3.差距garagen.1.车库2.(常兼汽车修理、销售业务的)加油站+garbagen.废料，垃圾gardenn.花园，庭园vi.从事园艺活动+garmentn.衣服，外衣gasn.1.煤气，可燃气2.气体3.汽油+gasolinen.(美语)汽油+gaspvi./n，气喘gaten.1.大门2. 阀门.闸门gatherv.1.集合，聚集2.采集，收集3.逐渐增加n.推测。

2012年全国职称英语考试大纲词汇2012年全国职称英语考试大纲词汇(第1课)单词词义教材出处（英文）教材出处（译文）widespread adj. 普遍的，广泛的；分布广的Before the widespread use of computers, the information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used.(原文:10年教材，阅读) 计算机广泛应用之前，信息要么到达经理处太迟，要么费用太贵而用不起。

hold,held, holdenvt. 持有；保存；拥有；拘留；约束或控制vi. 持续；支持；有效n. 保留；控制On his shoulder he carried a club and in his hand he helda bow(弓).(原文:09年教材，Hercules)他（Hercules ）肩扛棍棒,手持弓。

spacious adj. 宽敞的，广阔的；无边无际的。

We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel.(原文:10年教材，阅读)我们被告知,我们的（婚礼）是最宽敞的房间在旅馆里。

explain v. 说明；解释Biologists are unable to explain why Dinosaurs aredying.(原文:10年教材，阅读)生物学家不能解释为什么恐龙灭亡。

forbiddenadj. 严禁的，禁用的；被禁止的 Women could not take part and were forbidden, on pain of death ，even to attend the Games.(原文:11年教材，阅读) 妇女不能参加甚至被禁止出席这个运动会decentadj. 得体的；正派的；相当好的 I want to provide my boys with a decent education.(原文:09年教材，阅读)我想给我的孩子们提供良好的教育。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 These are their motives for doing itA reasonsB excusesC answersD plans2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A abuseB flavorC temptationD consumption4 These programmes are of immense value to old people.A naturalB fatalD enormous5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintainB improveC assessD protect6 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an articleA cooperatingB competingC combiningD arguing7 He is determined to consolidate his powerA strengthenB controlC abandonD exercise8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problemsA solvingC settlingB exploringD handling9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habitsA removedB curedC worsenedD relieved10 And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA functionsC motionsB faultsD parts11 The food is insufficient for three people.A instantB infiniteC inexpensiveD inadequate12 Thousands of people perished in the storm.A diedB sufferedC floatedD scattered13 But in the end he approved of our proposalA undoubtedlyB certainlyC ultimatelyD necessarily14 For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business.A strangeB complexC personalD funny15 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.A evaluationB efficiencyC productionD publicity答案:1 A motive：动机;reason：理由。

abandon [∂'bænd∂n] vt.丢弃，放弃，遗弃∂[əˈbændənabolish [∂'b3li∫] vt.废除；取消əˈbɒlɪʃ]absolute ['æbs∂lu:t] a.绝对的，完全的；确实的，肯定的əəabundant [∂'b8nd∂nt] a.丰富的，充裕的academic [`æk∂'demik] a.学术的；学院的，学究的accelerate [∂k'sel∂reit] vt.加速；促进vi.增加速度accent ['æks∂nt,æk'sent] n.重音；口音accordance [∂'k3:d∂ns] n.一致，相符in accordance with 依照，与...一致；依据accumulate [∂'kju:mjuleit] vt.积累；积聚vi.堆积，accustom [∂'k8st∂m] vt.使习惯acid ['æsid] n.酸a.酸的，酸性的acknowledge [∂k'n3lid9] vt.承认；感谢，告知收到(信件等) acquaint [∂'kweint] vt.使熟悉，使认识acquaintance [∂'kweint∂ns] n.熟人；认识，了解adapt [∂'dæpt] vt.使适应，使适合；改写addition [∂'di∫∂n] n.加，加法；附加部分，增加additional [∂'di∫∂n∂l] a.另外的，附加的adequate ['ædikwit] a.足够的；充分的administration [∂d`minis'trei∫∂n] n.行政机关；管理，经营admission [∂d'mi∫∂n] n.允许进入；承认advisable [∂d'vaiz∂bl] a.明智的，可取的advocate ['ædv∂kit] n.提倡者，鼓吹者vt.提倡，鼓吹aggressive [∂'gresiv] a.侵略的，侵犯的；放肆的；有进取心的agreeable [∂'gri:∂b∂l] a.令人愉快的album ['ælb∂m] n.相片册，邮票簿alcohol ['ælk∂h3l] n.酒精，乙醇；含酒精的饮料alley ['æli] n.小巷，胡同；小径，小路ally ['ælai, ∂'lai] n.同类；同盟者；伙伴alphabet ['ælf∂bet] n.字母表alter ['3:lt∂] v.改变，变化vt.改做(衣服)alternative [3:l't∂:n∂tiv] n.替换物a.两者选一的altitude ['æltitju:d] n.高度；[pl.]高处；海拔aluminium n.铝[`ælju'mini∂m]amaze [∂'meiz] vt.使惊讶，使吃惊ambition [æm'bi∫∂n] n.雄心，野心；抱负，志向ambulance ['æmbjul∂ns] n.救护车(船、飞机等)ampere n.安培['æmpe∂]analogy [∂'næl∂d9i] n.相似，类似；类比，类推ancestor ['æns∂st∂] n.祖宗，祖先anchor ['æ6k∂] n.锚vi.抛锚，固定vt.把...固定住angel ['eind9∂l] n.天使，守护神ankle ['æ6k∂l] n.踝；踝节部anniversary [`æni'v∂:s∂ri] n.周年纪念，周年annual ['ænju∂l] a.每年的，年度的n.年刊，年鉴anticipate [æn'tisipeit] vt.预料，预期anxiety [æ6'zai∂ti] n.焦虑，挂念，担心；渴望，热望apparatus [`æp∂'reit∂s] n.器械，装置；器具，设备apparent [∂'pær∂nt] a.明显的，表面的appeal [∂'pi:l] vi.请求；呼吁，吸引，上诉n.呼吁，上诉appendix [∂'pendiks] n.附录，附属物；阑尾appetite ['æpitait] n.食欲，胃口；爱好，嗜好；欲望amateur ['æm∂t∂,`æm∂'t∂:] a.业余的n.业余爱好者æ appliance [∂'plai∂ns] n.器械，装置；应用，适用application [`æpli'kei∫∂n] n.申请，实施，应用appreciate [∂'pri:∫ieit] vt.欣赏；评价，鉴别；感谢，感激approximate [∂'pr3ksimit] a.大致的，近似的vi.接近，近似apron ['eipr∂n] n.围裙arbitrary ['2:bitr∂ri] a.任意的，武断的；专断的architecture ['2:kitekt∫∂] n.建筑学；建筑式样；结构，构造arithmetic n.算术[∂'ri7m∂tik] n.任务，作业；分派，分配assistance [∂'sist∂ns] n.援助；帮助associate [∂'s∂u∫ieit] vt.使发生联系vi.交往a.合伙的n.同事association [∂`s∂usi'ei∫∂n] n.协会，社团；联合，合伙assume [∂'sju:m] vt.假定；装出...样子；承担；接受assurance [∂'∫u∂r∂ns] n.确信，信心；担保，保险astonish [∂'st3ni∫] vt.使大吃一惊astronaut ['æstr∂n3:t] n.宇宙航行员athlete ['æ7lit,'æ7li:t] n.运动员Atlantic [∂t'læntik] a.大西洋的atomic [∂'t3mik] a.原子的，原子能的attain [∂'tein] vt.达到，取得attentive [∂'tentiv] a.注意的，留心的；周到的，关心的auditorium [`3:di't3:ri∂m] n.听众(观众)席；礼堂Australia [3'streili∂] n.澳大利亚automatic [`3:t∂'mætik] a.自动的；机械的，无意识的automation [`3:t∂'mei∫∂n] n.自动，自动化；自动学available [∂'veil∂b∂l] a.可利用的；可得到的；有效的await [∂'weit] vt.等待，等候award [∂'w3:d] vt.颁发，授予n.奖品；奖励aware [∂'we∂] a.觉察到的，意识到的awkward ['3:kw∂d] a.笨拙的；尴尬的；使用不便的；难处理的ax [æks] n.斧子axe [æks] n.斧子bacterium [bæk'ti∂ri∂m] n.(pl.bacteria)细菌badminton n.羽毛球baggage n.行李['bædmint∂n]arrangement [∂'reind9m∂nt] n.安排，准备；排列；整理artificial [`2:ti'fi∫∂l] a.人工的；做作的artistic [2:'tistik] a.美术(家)的；艺术(家)的artistical [2:'tistik∂l] a.美术(家)的；艺术(家)的ash [æ∫] n.灰；[pl.]骨灰；[pl.]废墟ashore [∂'∫3:] ad.在(向)岸上，上岸assemble [∂'semb∂l] vt.集合，装配vi.集会，assembly [∂'sembli] n.集会；装配；集合assess [∂'ses] v.估价；评定assign [∂'sain] vt.派给；分配；选定，指定(时间、地点) assignment [∂'sainm∂nt] ['bægid9] bakery ['beik∂ri] n.面包店，面包烘房ballet ['bælei] n.芭蕾舞(团，剧)balloon n.气球[b∂'lu:n]band [bænd] n.乐队；带；箍；频道，波段；一伙bandage n.绷带['bændid9]banknote ['bæ6kn∂ut] n.纸币，钞票bankrupt ['bæ6kr8pt] n.破产者a.破产的vt.使破产，使贫困banquet n.宴会['bæ6kwit]barber ['b2:b∂] n.理发师2bargain ['b2:gin] n.交易，便宜货，特价商品vi.讨价还价barrier ['bæri∂] n.栅栏，障碍(物)battery ['bæt∂ri] n.电池(组)，一系列，一套bay [bei] n.海湾B.C. ['bi:'si:] n.公元前(=before Christ)beam [bi:m] v.发光，发热n.光线，光束；梁，桁条bear [be∂] vi.忍受，经得起；倾向于vt.生育，负担bear [be∂] n.熊；粗鲁的人，笨拙的人beard [bi∂d] n.胡须beast [bi:st] n.(四足)兽类，牲畜；凶残的人beetle ['bi:tl] n.甲壳虫beggar n.乞丐['beg∂(r)]bet [bet] vi.&n.打赌n.赌注vt.用...打赌bind [baind] vt.捆；装订；约束vi.变硬，凝固biological [`bai∂'l3d9ik∂l] a.生物学的blast [bl2:st] n.爆炸，一阵(风) vt.爆炸，摧毁blend [blend] v.混合，掺合n.混合(物)，融合bless [bles] vt.保佑；赐福bloom [blu:m] vi.开花，繁荣，兴旺n.花；开花期blossom ['bl3s∂m] n.(树的)花(簇)；开花时期vi.开花，繁荣blouse [blauz] n.(女式)宽大的短外套boast [b∂ust] vt.(自)夸；以有...而自豪n.自夸的话bold [b∂uld] a.大胆的；鲜明的，(线、字等) 粗的bolt [b∂ult] n.螺栓；插销，门闩；闪电bond [b3nd] n.联合，结合；公债，债券bookcase ['buk`keis] n.书架，书橱boom [bu:m] v.&n.(发出)隆隆声；繁荣，兴隆起来booth [bu:0] n.(集市上的)货摊；小间，亭子bore [b3:] v.打扰；钻孔n.令人讨厌的人(物)bounce [bauns] vi.弹起来，跳起vt.使弹起n.弹，反弹bound [baund] a.一定的；绑着的，受约束的bound [baund] a.(for)准备(正在)到...去的，开往...的boundary ['baund∂ri] n.边界，分界线brake [breik] n.闸，刹车，制动器v.煞(车)brand [brænd] n.商标，烙印vt.铭刻，brass [br2:s] n.黄铜；[pl.]黄铜制品breed [bri:d] v.繁殖，饲养，养育n.品种，种类，血统breeze n.微风[bri:z]bride [braid] n.新娘bridegroom n.新郎briefcase n.公文包['braidgru:m]behalf [bi'h2:f] n.利益，代表belongings [bi'l36i6z] n.所属物，财产beloved [bi'l8vd] a.被钟爱的beneficial [`beni'fi∫∂l] a.有益的，有用的bent [bent] a.弯曲的['bri:fkeis]brilliant ['brili∂nt] a.很明亮的；光辉的，辉煌的；卓越的brow [brau] n.额；[pl.]眉毛budget ['b8d9it] n.预算；经费，生活费；预算案，预算额bulb 3 [b8lb] n.灯炮；球状物，球茎bulk [b8lk] n.体积，容积，大批，大块；大部分，大多数bullet ['bulit] n.子弹bundle ['b8ndl] n.包袱，包裹；一包burglar ['b∂:gl∂] n.盗贼，夜盗butcher ['but∫∂] n.卖肉的人，屠夫butterfly ['b8t∂flai] n.蝴蝶；蝶形cabin ['kæbin] n.小木屋；船舱，机舱calculate ['kælkjuleit] vt.计算，核算；估计；计划campaign [kæm'pein] n.战役；运动candidate ['kændideit] n.候选人，候补者；投考者，求职者capability [`keip∂'biliti] n.能力，才能；性能，容量capacity [k∂'pæsiti] n.容量；能力；性能capture ['kæpt∫∂] vt.捕获；俘获；夺取，占领carbon n.碳['k2:b∂n]cassette [kæ'set] n.盒式磁带；盒子casual ['kæ9u∂l] a.偶然的；随便的；临时的catalog ['kæt∂l3g] n.目录，目录册catalogue ['kæt∂l3g] n.目录，目录册cement [si'ment] n.水泥；胶泥，胶合剂ceremony ['serim∂ni] n.典礼，仪式；礼节，礼仪certificate [s∂'tifik∂t] n.执照；证(明)书champion ['t∫æmpi∂n] n.冠军，拥护者，捍卫者characteristic [`kærikt∂'ristik] a.特有的，典型的n.特性，特征，特色charm [t∫2:m] v.使着迷，使陶醉n.魅力，招人喜欢之处chart [t∫2:t] n.图，图表，航(线)图chase [t∫eis] vt.&n.追逐；追赶cherry ['t∫eri] n.樱桃chew [t∫u:] v.咀嚼chilly ['t∫ili] a.寒冷的；不友好的，冷漠的chin [t∫in] n.下巴，颏choke [t∫∂uk] v.(使)窒息，(使)噎住；堵塞Christ [kraist] n.耶稣，基督∂cigar [si'g2:] n.雪茄烟circuit ['s∂:kit] n.线路，电路，一圈，周线；巡回，巡行circular ['s∂:kjul∂] n.环形的，循环的cite [sait] vt.引用，引证；举(例)civilian [si'vilj∂n] a.平民的，民用的，民众的civilization [`sivilai'zei∫∂n] n.文明，文化；开化civilisation [`sivilai'zei∫∂n] n.文明，文化；开化clap [klæp] n.霹雳声，拍手，鼓掌vt.拍手vi.拍，击clarify ['klærifai] vt.澄清，阐明，讲清楚clarity ['klæriti] n.清澈，透明，明晰classify ['klæsifai] v.把...分类，分等级cleaner ['kli:n∂] n.清洁器，除尘器；除垢剂client ['klai∂nt] n.委托人，当事人；顾客climax ['klaimæks] n.顶点，极点，高潮v.(使)达到顶点clinic [klinik] n.门诊所，医务室clockwise ['kl3kwaiz] a.&ad.顺时针方向的(地)cargo ['k2:g∂u] n.货物，船货carrier ['kæri∂] n.运载工具；搬运人carrot ['kær∂t] n.胡萝卜cashier [kæ'∫i∂] n.出纳员coarse [k3:s] a.粗糙的；粗劣的code [k∂ud] n.密码；代码；规则，法规collapse [k∂'læps] v./n.(使)倒塌；(使)崩溃colleague ['k3li:g] n.同事，同僚collective [k∂'lektiv] a.集体的，共同的n.集体，全体人员combat ['k3mbæt] v.跟...战斗，搏斗n.战斗，斗争，搏斗combination [`k3mbi'nei∫∂n] n.合并，联合；化合，化合物comment ['k3ment] n.评论，意见vi.(on)评论commerce ['k3m∂:s] n.商业，贸易commission [k∂'mi∫∂n] n.委托；委员会；佣金，回扣；委任状commit [k∂'mit] v.犯(错误、罪行等)；把...托付给，提交communicate [k∂'mju:nikeit] vt.交际，交流(思想)；传达，传送；通讯companion [k∂m'pæni∂n] n.同伴，同伙，同事，伴侣comparable ['k3mp∂r∂b∂l] a.可比较的；比得上的comparative [k∂m'pær∂tiv] a.比较的，比较而言的；相当的comparison [k∂m'pæris∂n] n.比较，对照；比喻compel [k∂m'pel] vt.强迫，迫使compete [k∂m'pi:t] vi.竞赛，竞争competent ['k3mpit∂nt] a.有能力的，能胜任的complex ['k3mpleks] a.复杂的，综合的complicated ['k3mplikeitid] a.复杂的；难懂的component [k∂m'p∂un∂nt] n.组成部分，成份a.组成的，构成的compose [k∂m'p∂uz] vt.创作(乐曲、文学作品等)；构成，成份compound [k∂m'paund] n.化合物，混合物a.合成的，复合的comprehensive [`k3mpri'hensiv] a.综合的，全面的comprise [k∂m'praiz] vt.包含，包括；由...组成compromise ['k3mpr∂maiz] n.&v.妥协，折衷n.妥协方案conceal [k∂n'si:l] vt.隐藏，隐瞒concept ['k3nsept] n.概念，观念，思想condemn [k∂n'dem] vt.谴责，指责；判刑；宣判(罪犯)conduct ['k3nd∂kt,'k3nd8kt] n.行为，表现，品行v.指导；处理；传导confess [k∂n'fes] vt.供认，承认；坦白confine [k∂n'fain] vt.限制，限于，监禁confirm [k∂n'f∂:m] ∫vt.批准；证实，进一步确定；使坚固conflict ['k3nflikt,k∂n'flikt] n.冲突；斗争vi.抵触confusion [k∂n'fju:9∂n] n.混乱状态，慌乱congress ['k36gres] n.(代表)大会；(C-:美国等国的) 国会，议会consciousness ['k3n∫∂snis] n.意识，觉悟，自觉性；知觉consent [k∂n'sent] n.同意，赞成vi.(to)同意，允许consequent ['k3nsikw∂nt] a.作为结果的，随之发生的consequently ['k3nsikw∂ntli] ad.因此conservation [`k3ns∂'vei∫∂n] n.保存，保护；守恒conservative [k∂n's∂:v∂tiv] a.保守的，防腐的n.保守的人，防腐剂considerable [k∂n'sid∂r∂b∂l] a.值得考虑的；相当(大、多)的consideration [k∂n`sid∂'rei∫∂n] n.考虑，需考虑到的事；体谅，关心consistent [k∂n'sist∂nt] a.一致的，符合的；坚持的；相容的constant ['k3nst∂nt] a.固定不变的，经常发生的n.不变的事物constitute ['k3nstitju:t] vt.构成，制定constitution [`k3nsti'tju:∫∂n] n.法规，章程；体质，素质；构造，组织consult [k∂n's8lt] vt.请教，查阅；就诊vi.商议，consume [k∂n'sju:m] vt.花费，消费；毁灭vi.消费掉；枯萎consumer [k∂n'sju:m∂] n.消费者，用户consumption [k∂n's8mp∫∂n] n.消费(量)；结核病contemporary [k∂n'temp∂r∂ri] a.当代的，同时代的n.同代人，同龄人content ['k3ntent] vt.使满意n.满足，满意a.满足的，喜欢的contest [k∂n'test,'k3ntest] n.竞争，比赛v.竞争，比赛；争论，辩论context ['k3ntekst] n.上下文；(事情等的)前后关系，情况contradiction [`k3ntr∂'dik∫∂n] n.矛盾；否认convention [k∂n'ven∫∂n] n.习俗，惯例；(正式)会议；公约，契约conventional [k∂n'ven∫∂n∂l] a.普通的，常见的；习惯的，常规的conversion [k∂n'v∂:∫∂n] n.转变，转化；转换convert [k∂n'v∂:t,'k3nv∂:t] vt.使转变，更改n.改变信仰者cooperative [k∂u'3p∂r∂tiv] a.合作的n.合作社coordinate [k∂u'3:dineit] a.同等的，协调的n.同等者vt.协作，协调copyright ['k3pirait] n.&a.版权(的)cord [k3:d] n.细绳；弦corporation [`k3:p∂'rei∫∂n] n.(大)公司correspond [`k3ri'sp3nd] vi.(with)与...一致；(to)相当(于)；通信corresponding [`k3ri'sp3ndi6] a.相应的，一致的，符合的corridor ['k3rid3:] n.走廊，过道corrupt [k∂'r8pt] a.腐败的；不道德的v.使腐败，行贿收买cosy ['k∂uzi] a.暖和舒服的；(感觉)舒适的cozy ['k∂uzi] a.暖和舒服的；(感觉)舒适的couch [kaut∫] n.睡椅，长沙发椅vt.表达，隐含council ['kauns∂l] n.理事会；委员会councilor ['kaunsil∂] n.顾问，(使馆)参赞councillor ['kauns∂l∂] n.顾问，(使馆)参赞counsel ['kauns∂l] n.&v.劝告，建议counteract [`kaunt∂'rækt] vt.抵抗，抵制，中和，抵销counteraction ['kaunt∂r'æk∫∂n] 6 n.反作用counterpart ['kaunt∂p2:t] n.对等的人，对称；副本coupon ['ku:p3n] vi.息票；赠券coverage ['k8v∂rid9] n.范围，总额；保险额；新闻报道(范围) cowboy ['kaub3i] n.牧童；牛仔crack [kræk] n.爆裂声；裂缝vt.使破裂vi.破裂craft [kr2:ft] n.工艺，手艺；船，航空器craftsman ['kr2:ftsm∂n] n.工匠；手艺人crane [krein] n.起重机；鹤crawl [kr3:l] vi.&n.爬行credible ['kred∂b∂l] a.可信的，可靠的creep [kri:p] vi.&n.爬行，缓慢移动criminal ['krimin∂l] n.罪犯criterion [krai'ti∂ri∂n] n.标准，准则critic ['kritik] n.批评家，评论家crown [kraun] n.王冠；荣誉vt.为...加冕crucial ['kru:∫∂l] a.关键的，决定性的cruelty ['kru:∂lti] n.残酷，残忍，残暴；[pl.]残酷行为cruise [kru:z] v.&n.巡航，巡游crystal ['krist∂l] n.水晶，石英，晶体a.水晶(制) 的；透明的cube [kju:b] n.立方，立方体(形)cue [kju:] n.提示，暗示cultivate ['k8ltiveit] vt.耕种；培养，培育；教化cupboard n.碗橱['k8b∂d]dealer ['di:l∂] n.商人dealing ['di:li6] n.经商方法，待人态度debate [di'beit] n.&v.讨论；辩论decade ['dekeid] n.十年(期)deck [dek] n.甲板；层面decode [`di:'k∂ud] vt.解码，译码definition [`defi'ni∫∂n] n.定义；限定defy [di'fai] v.公然反抗，蔑视；向...挑战；激delegate ['delig∂t] n.代表，委员vt.派...为代表；委任deliberate [di'lib∂reit] a.深思熟虑的；故意的v.仔细考虑delicate ['delik∂t] a.巧妙的，优雅的；精致的；微妙的denial [di'nai∂l] n.否认density ['densiti] n.稠密；浓度，密度deposit [di'p3zit] vt.安置；使沉淀vi.沉淀；存储n.储蓄depress [di'pres] vt.使消沉；使萧条depression [di'pre∫∂n] n.沮丧；萧条derive [di'raiv] vt.得到；派生，引出vi.由来，衍生7 descend [di'send] vi.下来，下降desirable [di'zai∂r∂b∂l] a.理想的，称心的desperate ['desp∂r∂t] a.不顾一切的；绝望的dessert [di'z∂:t] n.(作为正餐最后一道的)甜食，甜点心destination [`desti'nei∫∂n] n.目的地，终点；目的，目标destruction [di'str8k∫∂n] n.毁坏，消灭detailed ['di:teild] a.详细的detect [di'tekt] vt.发觉；检测diagnose ['dai∂gn∂uz] vt.诊断(疾病)；判断(问题) diagnosis [`dai∂g'n∂usis] n.诊断；调查分析dialect ['dai∂lekt] n.方言diameter [dai'æmit∂] n.(=diametr)直径dictator [dik'teit∂] n.独裁者，口述者differential [`dif∂'ren∫∂l] a.差别的，区别的digest [di'd9est] vt.消化；领会n.文摘，摘要dignity ['digniti] n.尊严，威严dim [dim] a.微暗的，模糊不清的v.(使)变暗淡dimension [di'men∫∂n] curiosity [`kju∂ri'3siti] n.好奇(心) curl [k∂:l] n.&v.卷曲(物)，蜷缩currency ['k8r∂nsi] n.通货；货币；流通，流行curse [k∂:s] n.&v.诅咒，谩骂curve [k∂:v] n.曲线，弯曲物v.(使)弯曲，(使) 成曲线cushion n.垫子['ku∫∂n]cyclist ['saiklist] n.骑自行车(摩托车)的人damp [dæmp] n.&a.潮湿(的) v.打湿dash [dæ∫] vt.猛冲，撞破vi.猛冲n.猛冲；短跑database n.数据库databank n.数据库['deitbeis] ['deitbæ6k]dawn [d3:n] n.黎明；开端vi.破晓；开始出现n.尺寸，长(宽、厚)度；维(数)；[pl.]面积dioxide [dai'3ksaid] n.二氧化物dip [dip] vt.浸，泡vi.浸；沉落；浏览diplomat ['dipl∂mæt] n.外交官；善交际者discharge [dis't∫2:d9] v.&n.排出，放出；允许...离开，释放；放电discount ['diskaunt] n.折扣；贴现(率) vt.打折扣；忽视，怀疑discourage [dis'k8rid9] vt.使泄气；劝阻disgust [dis'g8st] n.&vt.(使)厌恶disgusting [dis'g8sti6] a.令人作呕的，使人讨厌的disorder [dis'3:d∂] n.混乱；动乱；(身心机能的)失调disposal [di'sp∂uz∂l] n.配置，布置，排列；处置，处理dispose [di'sp∂uz] v.安排，处理dispute [di'spju:t] v.&n.争论，争吵dissolve [di'z3lv] v.(使)溶解；解散distinct [di'sti6kt] a.(from)独特的，不同的；清楚的，明显的distinction [di'sti6k∫∂n] n.差别，不同；区分，辨别；清晰度distinguished [di'sti6gwi∫t] a.以...著名的，杰出的distribute [di'stribju:t] v.分配，分发，分送；分布disturbance [di'st∂:b∂ns] n.动乱；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调ditch n.沟[dit∫] a.可怕的drift [drift] v.&n.漂流drip [drip] vi.滴下，漏水n.水滴drought n.旱灾[draut]dive [daiv] vi.&n.跳水，潜水；(飞机)俯冲diverse [dai'v∂:s] a.不同的，多种多样的division [di'vi9∂n] n.分，分开；分配；隔开；部documentary [`d3kju'ment∂ri] a.公文的，文件的n.记录片dolphin ['d3lfin] n.海豚(科动物)dominant ['d3min∂nt] a.统治的，支配的，居高临下的；显性的donate [d∂u'neit] vt.捐赠，馈赠dose [d∂us] n.剂量，一剂，一服dot [d3t] n.点，小数点vt.打点于，点缀；敲打dove n.鸽[d8v] dual ['dju:∂l] a.双的；二重的；二元的dump [d8mp] v.倾倒(垃圾) n.垃圾堆durable ['dju∂r∂bl] a.耐久的dusk [d8sk] n.黄昏duty-free ['dju:ti'fri:] a.免税的dye [dai] vt.&n.染(料)dynamic [dai'næmik] a.有生气的，能活动的；动力的，动态的dynamics [dai'næmiks] n.力学，动力学earnings n.收入['∂:ni6z]Easter ['i:st∂] n.复活节eastwards [i:stw∂dz] ad.&a.向东方(的)，朝东(的) n.东部eccentric [ik'sentrik] a.&n.古怪的(人)；偏心的(圆)echo ['ek∂u] n.&v.回波，回声；共鸣effective [i'fektiv] a.有效的，卓有成效的efficiency [i'fi∫∂nsi] draft [dr2:ft] n.草稿，草案，草图；汇票vt.起草drain [drein] v.排水；(使)枯竭n.下水道；排水；耗费dramatic [dr∂'mætik] a.引人注目的；戏剧性的drawer n.抽屉dreadful [dr3:∂] ['dredful] 8 n.功效；效率elaborate [i'læb∂r∂t,i'læbreit] v.详细说明；精心制作a.详尽的，复杂的elbow ['elb∂u] n.肘v.用肘推，挤进vt.危及，危害endorse [in'd3:s] vt.背书；签署(姓名)；赞同；批准endure [in'dju∂] vt.忍耐，忍受enforce [in'f3:s] vt.实施，执行；强制，强迫enhance [in'h2:ns] vt.提高；增强enlarge [in'l2:d9] vt.扩大，扩展，扩充；放大enquire [in'kwai∂] v.询问，打听；调查，查问enrich [in'rit∫] vt.使富裕，使丰富entertain [`ent∂'tein] vt.使感兴趣；招待；持有(意见，见解等) enthusiastic [in7ju:zi'æstik] a.热心的，热烈的entity ['entiti] n.实体；存在entry ['entri] n.入口；登记；进入envy ['envi] n.&vt.羡慕；忌妒epic ['epik] n.史诗，叙事诗a.史诗般的；英雄的equality [i'kw3liti] n.同等，平等；等式equation [i'kwei∫∂n] n.方程式，等式equivalent [i'kwiv∂l∂nt] a.相等的；等价的n.同等物，等价物，对等era ['i∂r∂] n.时代，年代；纪元9erase [i'reiz] v.擦掉，抹掉erect [i'rekt] a.直立的vt.使直立；建立，安装erupt [i'r8pt] v.(火山等)迸发，爆发electrician [i`lek'tri∫∂n] n.电工，电气技师eliminate [i'limineit] vt.消灭，除去，排出embarrass [im'bær∂s] vt.使窘迫，使为难embrace [im'breis] v.&n.拥抱；包含emigrate ['emigreit] vi.移居外国，移民emission [i'mi∫∂n] n.散发，发射；发出物，发射物emotion [i'm∂u∫∂n] n.情感；情绪；激动emperor n.皇帝['emp∂r∂(r)]escort ['esk3:t] vt.护送，护卫n.警卫；仪仗兵essay [e'sei] n.短文，散文essence ['es∂ns] n.本质，实质；精华，精粹establishment [i'stæbli∫m∂nt] n.建立，确定estate [i'steit] n.房地产；财产esteem [i'sti:m] n.&vt.尊重，珍重etc [it'set∫u∂l] ad.(拉丁语)等等eternal [i't∂:n∂l] a.永久的，不朽的evacuate [i'vækjueit] v.疏散，撤走eventually [i'vent∫u∂li] ad.终于，最后evergreen ['ev∂gri:n] a.常绿的n.常绿植物everlasting [`ev∂'l2:sti6] a.永久的，不朽的evoke [i'v∂uk] v.唤起；引起evolution [`i:v∂'lu:∫∂n] n.进化，演化；发展，演变evolve [i'v3lv] v.(使)发展，(使)进化emphasize ['emf∂saiz] vt.强调...的语气，着重，强调emphasize ['emf∂saiz] vt.强调...的语气，着重，强调enclose [in'kl∂uz] vt.围住，圈起；封入，附上encounter [in'kaunt∂] v.&n.遭遇，遇见encyclopedia [inæsaikl∂u'pi:di∂] n.百科全书encyclopaedia [en`saikl∂u'pi:di∂] n.百科全书endanger [in'deind9∂] v.勘探；探险；调查exaggerate [ig'zæd9∂reit] v.夸大，夸张exceed [ik'si:d] vt.超过(限度、范围)，比...大，胜过exception [ik'sep∫∂n] n.例外，除外explosive [ik'spl∂usiv] a.爆炸(性)的n.炸药；易爆炸物extension [ik'sten∫∂n] n.伸展(部分)，延伸(部分)；(电话的)分机exterior [ek'sti∂ri∂] a.外部的，外面的n.外部，外面，外表fatal ['feitl] a.致命的，关键的fate [feit] n.命运fatigue [f∂'ti:g] n.&v.疲劳，疲乏faulty ['f3:lti] a.有错误的，不完善的feasible ['fi:zib∂l] a.可行的，可能的feast [fi:st] n.宴会，宗教节日v.宴请federal ['fed∂r∂l] a.联邦的feedback n.反馈['fi:dbæk]excess ['ekses] n.超越；超过，超额量a.过量的，额外的excessive [ik'sesiv] a.过多的，过分的，极度的exchangeable [iks't∫eind9∂bl] a.可交换的，可转换的exclude [ik'sklu:d] vt.把...除外，排斥exclusive [ik'sklu:siv] a.排外的，排斥的；独占的，专有的execute ['eksikju:t] vt.处决；执行，实施executive [ig'zekjutiv] a.实行的，行政的n.行政部门；行政官exert [ig'z∂:t] v.施加，运用；尽(力)exhibit [ig'zibit] vt.显示；展示，陈列n.展品，呈现expedition [`ekspi'di∫∂n] n.远征(队)；探险(队)；考察(队) experimental [ik`speri'mentl] a.实验(上)的，经验(上)的exploitation [`ekspl3i'tei∫∂n] n.开发，开采；利用，剥削explore [ik'spl3:] external [ek'st∂:nl] a.外部的，表面上的；(药物)外用的fable ['feib∂l] n.寓言；童话fabric ['fæbrik] n.编织物；结构，组织facial ['fei∫∂l] a.面部的facilitate [f∂'siliteit] vt.使便利，使容易，有助于facility [f∂'siliti] n.[pl.]设备，设施；便利faculty ['fæk∂lti] n.才能，能力；系，学科，全体教职工fade [feid] vi.褪色；逐渐消失fame [feim] n.名誉，声望famine n.饥荒['fæmin]fellowship ['fel∂u∫ip] n.社团；(常指学术团体的)会员资格；交情fertile ['f∂:tail] a.肥沃的；能繁殖的fertilizer n.化肥['f∂:tilaiz∂]feudalism ['fjudl`iz∂m] n.封建制度fibre ['faib∂] n.纤维，光纤fiber ['faib∂] n.纤维，光纤fiction ['fik∫∂n] n.小说；编造fierce [fi∂s] a.狂暴的，凶猛的，残酷的；巨大的，强烈的filter ['filt∂] n.过滤器，滤波器vt.过滤firework ['fai∂w∂:k] n.[pl.]烟花，礼花fantasy ['fænt∂si] n.幻想，怪念头farewell [fe∂'wel] int.再会n.告别，欢送会fascinating ['fæsineiti6] a.迷人的，醉人的fasten ['f2:s∂n] v.(使)固定，系牢，绑紧，扣紧æ0 n.两星期firmly ['f∂:mli] ad.断然地，坚固地，固定地flame [fleim] n.火焰，火舌，热情flavour ['fleiv∂] n.味道，风味vt.给...调味flavor ['fleiv∂] n.味道，风味vt.给...调味fleet [fli:t] n.(舰、飞机、汽车等)队flexible ['fleks∂b∂l] a.易弯曲的；灵活的float [fl∂ut] n.浮游物；飘浮v.(使)飘浮flourish ['fl8ri∫] n.&v.繁荣，兴旺，茂盛；挥舞flu [flu:] n.流行性感冒fluid ['flu:id] n.液体a.流动的，不固定的fold [f∂uld] v.折叠n.折页，折叠处，褶(痕)folder ['f∂uld∂] n.文件夹footnote ['futn∂ut] n.脚注vt.为...作脚注forefather ['f3:`f2:0∂] n.祖先，前辈foresee [f3:'si:] vt.预见，预料到fork [f3:k] n.叉；分岔format ['f3:mæt] n.版式，(计算机的)格式；编排vt.设计formula ['f3:mjul∂] n.公式，处方fortnight ['f3:tnait] fossil ['f3s∂l] n.化石；老顽固a.化石的；陈腐的fraction ['fræk∫∂n] n.分数；微量；碎片fragment ['frægm∂nt] n.碎屑，片断frame [freim] n.构架，骨架；身躯，骨骼；(门、窗)框framework ['freimw∂:k] n.框架，支架，基本结构freezer ['fri:z∂] n.冷藏箱(库)，冰箱(库)freight [freit] n.货运(费) vt.运输；装货于frequency ['fri:kw∂nsi] n.屡次；频率；发生次数friction ['frik∫∂n] n.摩擦(力)；不和，摩擦，倾轧frontier ['fr8nti∂] n.新领域；国境，边界frost [fr3st] n.冰冻；霜，结霜v.(使)结霜，下霜frown [fraun] n.&vi.皱眉，蹙额(表示不满)frustrate [fr8'streit] vt.破坏，阻挠；使失败，使泄气frustration [fr8s'trei∫∂n] n.挫折，失败；失效，落空fume [fju:m] n.烟，气fundamental [`f8nd∂'mentl] a.基本的，主要的n.[pl.]基本原理funeral ['fju:n∂r∂l] n.&a.葬礼(的) ææfur [f∂:] n.软毛，皮毛，[pl.]皮衣furious ['fju∂ri∂s] a.狂怒的，猛烈的furthermore [`f∂:0∂'m3:] ad.而且，此外fuss [f8s] n.吹捧，大惊小怪fussy ['f8si] a.大惊小怪的，挑剔的，烦琐的galaxy ['gæl∂k∂si] n.银河系，星系gallery ['gæl∂ri] n.画廊，美术陈列馆；长廊；(采矿)坑道gallon ['gæl∂n] n.加仑(液量单位)gamble ['gæmb∂l] v.&n.赌博；投机；冒险gang [gæ6] n.一群，一伙garment ['g2:m∂nt] n.衣服；外衣gasoline ['gæs∂li:n] n.(美)汽油gage [geid9] vt.(用量具)量，测量n.量规gauge [geid9] vt.(用量具)量，测量n.量规gaze [geiz] vi.&n.凝视，注视generate ['d9en∂reit] vt.引起，导致；使发生，产生(光、热等) generator ['d9en∂reit∂] n.发电机；发生器genuine ['d9enjuin] a.真正的，真实的；真心的，真诚的geometry [d9i'3mitri] n.几何(学)germ [d9∂:m] n.微生物，细菌；根源；胚芽grab [græb] v.&n.强夺，摄取，抓取grace ['greis] n.优美，雅致；[pl.]风度，魅力graceful ['greisf∂l] a.优美的，优雅的；得体的，适度gramophone ['græm∂f∂un] n.留声机，唱机graph [græf] n.曲线图，图表grateful ['greitful] a.感激的，感谢的grave [greiv] n.坟墓grave [greiv] a.严肃的，庄重的，认真的gravity ['græviti] n.重力，地心引力；庄重，严肃；严重graze [greiz] v.放牧，吃草，擦伤，擦过n.放牧，牧草，轻擦，擦破处grief [gri:f] n.悲痛，悲伤grind [graind] v.碾碎，磨grip [grip] v.抓紧n.紧握，控制groan [gr∂un] vi.&n.呻吟grocer ['gr∂us∂] n.食品，杂货商gross [gr∂us] a.总的，毛重的；粗俗的；过肥的grumble ['gr8mb∂l] v.&n.(发)牢骚guarantee [`gær∂n'ti:] n.保证(书)；担保(人) vt.保证，担保æ2 guardian ['g2:di∂n] n.监护人，保护人guidance ['gaid∂ns] n.帮助，指导；控制，遥控；导航guideline ['gaidlain] n.指南，方针guitar [gi't2:] n.吉他vi.弹吉他gulf [g8lf] n.海湾；深渊；分歧，隔阂gum [g8m] n.口香糖gym [d9im] n.体育馆，健身房gymnasium [d9im'neizi∂m] n.体育馆，健身房gymnastics [d9im'næstiks] n.[用作单数]体育，体操gypsy ['d9ipsi] n.吉普赛人，流浪汉habitat ['hæbitæt] n.(动植物)产地，栖息地habitual [h∂'bit∫u∂l] a.日常的，习惯的，惯常的halt [h3:lt] v.&n.停住，停止hammer ['hæm∂] n.锤，榔头v.锤击，敲打；锻造handbook ['hændbuk] n.手册，指南handful [hændful] n.一把，一小撮handle ['hændl] n.柄，把手vt.处理，对待handwriting ['hænd`raiti6] n.笔迹，书写ghost [g∂ust] n.鬼；幽灵；灵魂giggle ['gig∂l] vi.&n.咯咯地笑，痴笑vt.咯咯地笑着说glimpse [glimps] v.瞥见n.一瞥，一看glitter ['glit∂] n.光辉，闪光vi.一闪一闪地发光gloom [glu:m] n.愁闷，忧郁；黑暗；阴沉，朦胧gloomy ['glu:mi] a.阴沉的；忧郁的glorious ['gl3:ri∂s] a.光荣的；辉煌的，壮丽的glory ['gl3:ri] n.光荣，荣誉；壮丽，壮观glow [gl∂u] n.白热光；激情vi.发白热光，(身体)发热glue [glu:] n.胶水，胶vt.用胶水粘合goodness ['gudnis] n.仁慈，善良，美德，善行int.天哪gorgeous ['g3:d9∂s] a.华丽的，漂亮的；好极了gossip ['g3sip] n.闲话，流言；闲谈vi.搬弄是非，闲聊governor ['g8v∂n∂] n.统治者，(组织、机构等)主管人员handy ['hændi] a.手边的；方便的hanger ['hæ6∂] n.吊架，吊轴承；挂钩hardiness ['h2:dinis] n.耐劳性，强壮，勇气，胆子hardware ['h2:dwe∂] n.五金制品；(计算机的)硬件harmony ['h2:m∂ni] n.协调，融洽；(声)谐调，和声学harness ['h2:nis] vt.治理，利用harsh [h2:∫] a.粗糙的；(声音)刺耳的；苛刻的，严酷的haste [heist] n.急速，急忙hasty ['heisti] a.匆忙的；性急的hatred ['heitrid] n.憎恶，恨haul [h3:l] v.&n.拖，拉hay [hei] n.干草hazard ['hæz∂d] vt.冒...的危险，使遭危险n.危险headquarters ['hed`kw3:t∂z] n.总部；司令部，指挥部heal [hi:l] v.(特别指创伤)治愈，(伤口)愈合heap [hi:p] n.(一)堆；许多vt.使成堆，堆起heating ['hi:ti6] n.暖气(装置)，供暖heavenly ['hev∂nli] a.天国的，天空的，天的heel [hi:l] n.脚后跟hence [hens] ad.因此，所以；从此，今后herb [h∂:b] n.草本植物；草药herd [h∂:d] n.兽群，牛群hesitate ['heziteit] vi.犹豫，踌躇highland ['hail∂nd] n.[pl.]高地，山地highlight ['hailait] n.最重要的部分，最精彩的场面vt.使显著hip [hip] n.臀部historian [his't3:ri∂n] n.历史学家hoarse [h3:s] a.(嗓子)嘶哑的hockey ['h3ki] n.曲棍球hoe [h∂u] n.锄头hollow ['h3l∂u] a.空洞的，虚伪的，凹陷的n.穴，凹地holy ['h∂uli] a.神圣的，圣洁的，虔诚的homesick ['h∂um`sik] n.想家的，患思乡病的honeymoon n.蜜月['h8nimu:n] n.钩，夹子v.钩住horizon [h∂'raiz∂n] n.地平线，水平线horizontal [`h3ri'z3ntl] a.地平线的；水平的hormone ['h3:m∂un] n.激素，内分泌，荷尔蒙horn [h3:n] n.(动物的)角，角质；号角，嗽叭horrible ['h3r∂b∂l] a.可怕的，恐怖的；讨厌的，令人厌恶的horrify ['h3rifai] vt.使恐怖，使惊吓hostile ['h3stail] a.不友好的，敌对的；敌方的，敌人的household ['haush∂uld] n.家庭，户a.家庭(务)的，家常的hug [h8g] vt.紧抱，搂；靠岸航行，紧靠...行走hum [h8m] v.&n.作嗡嗡声humanitarian [hju:`mæni'te∂ri∂n] a.&n.人道主义(的)，人道主义者humanity [hju:'mæniti] n.[总称]人，人类；人性，博爱；[pl.]文科humid ['hju:mid] a.潮湿的humiliate [hju:'milieit] vt.羞辱，使丢脸hydrogen n.氢['haidr∂d9∂n]honourable ['3n∂r∂b∂l] a.可敬的；光荣的honorable ['3n∂r∂b∂l] a.可敬的，光荣的hook [huk] æ3 identical [ai'dentik∂l] a.相同的；同一的identity [ai'dentiti] n.身份，本体；同一(性)，一致idiom ['idi∂m] n.成语，习语，惯用语impartial [im'p2:∫∂l] a.公正的，无偏袒的impatience [im'pei∫∂ns] n.不耐烦，急躁，急切impatient [im'pei∫∂nt] a.急切的，急躁的，不耐烦的implement ['implim∂nt] n.[pl.]工具，器具vt.实行，实施implication [`impli'kei∫∂n] n.暗示，暗指，言外之意；牵连imply [im'plai] vt.暗示，含有...的意义impose [im'p∂uz] vt.把...强加于；征收(税款)imposing [im'p∂uzi6] a.难忘的；外表强大的，体积巨大的impress [im'pres,'impres] vt.印，压印；给...以极深的印象inaccurate [in'ækjurit] a.错误的，不准确的incapable [in'keip∂b∂l] a.无能力的，不能做某事的incidence ['insid∂ns] n.发生(率)incline [in'klain] vt.使倾斜；使想要vi.倾向，赞同，爱好inclusive [in'klu:siv] a.包含的；范围广的，内容丰富的index ['indeks] n.索引；[pl.]指数；指标v.把...编进索引indication [`indi'kei∫∂n] n.指示，表示；暗示，迹象indifferent [in'difr∂nt] a.冷漠的，不关心的indifference [in'difr∂ns] æ∂n.冷淡indignant [in'dign∂nt] a.义愤的，愤慨的indispensable [`indi'spens∂b∂l] a.必不可少的，必需的indulge [in'd8ld9] v.放任，纵容，沉溺；使(自己) 纵情享受industrialization [in`d8stri∂lai'zei∫∂n] n.工业化industrious [in'd8stri∂s] a.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的inevitable [i'nevit∂b∂l] a.不可避免的，必然发生的infant ['inf∂nt] n.婴儿，幼儿infect [in'fekt] vt.传染，感染；使受影响infection [in'fek∫∂n] n.传染(病)；影响infer [in'f∂:] vt.推论，推断inferior [in'fi∂ri∂] a.下级的，下等的；(质量等)劣等的，次的infinite ['infinit] a.无限的，无穷的inflation [in'flei∫∂n] n.通货膨胀，膨胀inflexible [in'fleks∂b∂l] a.僵硬的，不灵活的；坚定的，固执的influential [`influ'en∫∂l] a.有影响的；有权势的informal [in'f3:m∂l] a.非正式的，非正规的；通俗的，口语的inhabit [in'hæbit] idle ['aidl] a.空闲的，懒散的；无效的ignorant ['ign∂r∂nt] a.不知道的，无知的，愚昧的illegal [i'li:g∂l] a.不合法的，非法的，犯法的illiterate [i'lit∂rit] a.&n.无文化的(人)，文盲illusion [i'lu:9∂n] n.幻觉，错觉，错误的信仰(或观念) illustrate ['il∂streit] v.举例说明，阐明，加插图于illustration [`il∂'strei∫∂n] n.说明，插图；例证，插图imaginary [i'mæd9in∂ri] a.想象的，虚构的，假象的imagination [i`mæd9i'nei∫∂n] n.想象，想象力；想象出来的事物imitate ['imiteit] v.模仿，仿效...的行为imitation [`imi'tei∫∂n] n.模仿，摹拟，仿照品immense [i'mens] a.巨大的，广大的immigrant ['imigr∂nt] n.(外来)移民，侨民a.(从外国) 移来的immigrate ['imigreit] vi.(从外国)移居入本国immigration [`imi'grei∫∂n] n.移居，外来的移民；移民总称impact ['impækt] n.碰撞，冲击力；影响，效果vt.居住于inhabitant n.居民[in'hæbit∂nt]installation [`inst∂'lei∫∂n] n.安装，安置；装置，设备installment [in'st3:lm∂nt] n.分期付款；(连载的)一部分，instinct ['insti6kt] n.本能，天性，直觉instinctive [in'sti6ktiv] a.本能的，天性的insurance [in'∫u∂r∂ns] n.保险(业)；保险费，安全保障(措施) intellect ['intilekt] n.理智，智力；有才智的人intense [in'tens] a.强烈的，剧烈的。

2012职称英语理工类高频考点词汇复习汇总为了帮助广大考生有效备考2012年全国职称英语理工类考试，小编特编辑整理了职称英语考试复习资料，希望对您系统掌握2012年职称英语理工类考试的重点内容，顺利通过职称英语考试有所帮助。

1)动词词组根据其后的搭配又可分为①动+名;②动+介;③动+副;2)后接动名词的固定搭配、形容词词组、易混词组动词+名词形式have/gain access to可以获得gain/have an advantage over胜过，优于take advantage of利用，趁…之机do/try one's best尽力，努力make the best of充分利用，妥善处理catch one's breath屏息，歇口气take care of照顾，照料take charge of担任，负责take a delight in以…为乐take…into account考虑pay the way for为...铺平道路pay attention to注意get the best of 胜过get the.better of打败，致胜take care小心.当心take a chance冒险一试keep company with与…交往make a/the difference有影响，很重要put into effect实行，生效take effect生效，起作用keep an eye on留意，照看find fault埋怨，挑剔come/go into force生效，实施be friends with对…友好，与…交上朋友keep one's head保持镇静carry/bring into effect使生效，使起作用come/go into effect生效，实施catch one eye引人注目make a face做鬼脸catch fire着火make friends交朋友，友好相处make fun of取笑，嘲弄lose heart丧失勇气，失去信心get hold of抓住，掌握throw/cast light on使明白，阐明have…in mind记住，考虑到，想到come/go into operation使投入生产，使运转keep/hold pace with跟上，与...同步take place发生，进行come to the point说到要点，扼要地说get/learn by heart记住，背诵keep house管理家务，做家务bear/keep in mind记住make up one's mind下决心put…in order整理，检修play a part in起作用take the place of代替bring/carry into practice实施，实行make progress进步，进展make sense讲得通，有意义keep in touch保持联系lose touch失去联系put…to use使用，利用lead the way带路，引路make way让路，开路give rise to引起，使发生catch the sight of发现，突然看见take one's time不急不忙，从容进行keep track通晓事态，注意动向make use of利用give way让路，让步make one's way前进，进行keep one's word遵守诺言attempt at企图，努力interference in干涉appeal to呼吁，要求attitude to/towards态度，看法influence on影响interference with妨碍，打扰introduction to介绍lots of大量，很多a matter of(关于...)的问题reply to回答，答复a lot(of)许多(的)，大量(的)fall in love with相爱，爱上a number of若干，许多a series of一系列，一连串credit card信用卡next door隔壁face to face面对面地a few有些，几个a little一点，稍微，一些，少许quite a little相当多，不少the moment(that)一……就I.D.card身份证no doubt无疑，必定out of doors在户外as a matter of fact实际情况，真相quite a few还不少，有相当数目的little by little逐渐地no matter无论no more不再fair play公平竞赛;公平对待rest room厕所，盥洗室side by side肩并肩，一个挨一个step by step逐步all the time一直，始终once in a while偶尔，有时word for word逐字地in demand有需要，销路好primary school小学heart and soul全心全意ahead oftime提前once upon a time从前no wonder难怪，怪不得decline with thanks婉言谢绝动词+介词形式account for说明(原因等)allow for考虑到arrive at达成，得出ask for请求，要求begin with从开始break off断绝，结束break up中止，结束;打碎，折断aim at瞄准，针对appeal to呼吁，要求ask after询问，问候attach to附属于，隶属于break into闯入break through突破bring about带来，造成bring down打倒，挫伤;降低bringforth产生，提出bringforward提出bring up教育，培养，使成长call for邀请;要求，需求call off放弃，取消call on/upon访问，拜访;号召，呼吁care for照管，关心;喜欢，意欲early on继续下去;从事，经营come to总计，达到;苏醒，复原count up把…相加bring out使出现;公布;出版build up积累;堵塞;树立，逐步建立;增进;锻炼call forth唤起，引起;振作起，鼓起catch at抓住(东西)call up召集，动员;打电话carry off夺去来源：考试大carry out贯彻，执行;实现count on依靠;期待，指望cover up掩饰，掩盖deal with处理，对付，安排fill in/out填充，填定get into进入，陷入go into进入;研究，调查go through经历，经受;详细检查go without没有...也行keep to保持，坚持live up to不辜负cut across走捷径，抄近路do without没有...也行get at得蓟，接近;意思是go after追求go for竭力想到得;喜爱;支持，拥护go with伴随，与…协调improve on改进lie in在于live on/by靠…生活，以…为食look after照管，照料look for寻找，寻求look over检查.查看，调查make for走向，驶向;有助于play with以...为消遣，玩弄run for竞选see to注意，负责，照料，修理live through度过，经受过look at看望，注视look into调查，观察，过问;窥视look through仔细查看，浏览，温习occur to被想到，被想起refer to参考，查阅，涉及，提到run into撞上，偶然碰见send for派人去请，召唤;索取send in呈报，递交，送来set aside挑出，拨出，留出;拒绝stand by支持，帮助;袖手旁观stand against反抗，抵抗take after与…相像take in接受，吸收;了解，理解touch on关系到，涉及turn to变成;求助于，借助于serve as作为，用作sit for参加stand for代替，代表，意味着stick to坚持，忠于，信守take for把…认为是，把…看成是take to喜欢，亲近turn into变成turn off关上：出产;解雇break down损坏，分解，瓦解break in闯入;打断;插嘴break out光出;突然发生，爆发burn out烧掉catch on理解，明白check out结账后离开;检验，核查cheer up使高兴，使振奋clear up收拾;澄清;放come off实现，成功，奏效come out出版;出现，显露;结果是bring to使恢复知觉burn up烧起来，旺起来;烧完check in办理登记手续check up(on)校对，检查，检验clear away扫除，收拾make it clear that弄清楚come on来吧，快点;出场，上演come round(around)来访;苏醒，复原come up走近，上来;发生，被提出cut back削减，减少cut in(汽车)抢道;插嘴，打断cut out删除die down渐渐消失，平息draw in(火车、汽车)到站dress up穿上盛装，打扮得很漂亮dry out干透，使干come through经历，脱脸cross out删去，取消cut down削减，降低cut off切断;删去;停止cut short突然停止die out消失，来绝draw up写上，画上;草拟;停住drop bv/in顺便来访dry up干涸，枯竭drop off减弱，减少fall behind落后fall throug}l落空，失败find out查明get around/round走动，旅行;(消息)传开get by通过，经过get in进入;收获，收集get over克服;(从病中)恢复过来have got to(do)不得不，必须drop out退出，离队fall out争吵;结果是feed in输入get across解释清楚，使人了解get away逃脱，离开get down从...下来;写下get off从…下来;离开，动身，开始get through结束，完成;接通电话get together集合，聚集give away泄露;分送give in交上，投降，屈服give out分发，放出go ahead开始，前进;领先go down下降，降低;被载人，传下去got out外出;熄灭go round/around足够分配go through通过，审查，完成get up起床;增加，增强give back送还，恢复give off放出，释放give up停止，放弃go by过去go off爆炸，发射;动身，离开go over检查，审查;复习，重温go under下沉，沉没;失败;破产go up上升，增加;建起hand in交上，递交hand out分发，散发，发给hang about闲荡，徘徊，逗留hand down流传下来，传给，往下传hand on传下来，依次传递hand over交出，移交，让与hang back犹豫，踌躇，畏缩hang on抓紧不放，继续下去have back要回，收回hold back踌躇，退缩;阻止，抑制hold out维持，支持;坚持，不屈服hang up挂断(电话)have on穿着，戴着hold on继续，握住不放hold up举起，阻挡，使停止;抢劫hurry up(使)赶快，迅速完成keep down控制，压制，镇压;压低keep up保持，维持;继，坚持let in让...进入，放…进来let out放掉，放出，发出look back回顾，回头看look on旁观，观看;看待，视作look in顺便看望make out of用…做，从…得出keep back阻止，阻挡;隐瞒，保留keep off不接近，避开let down放下，降低;使失望let off放(烟，烟火)，开(枪)line up排队，使排成一行look out留神，注意，提防，警惕look up查阅，查考;寻找(某人) make out辨认，区分;理解，了解make up构成，拼凑;赔偿;化装pass away去世，逝世pass to转到，讨论，传到pay back偿还，回报pay down即时交付，用现金支付mix up混淆，混合，搞糊涂pass off中止，停止pass out失去知觉，昏倒pay off还清(债)pay up全部付清pick out选出，挑出，拣出;辨认pick up拾起，(偶然)得到;(车船)中途搭(人)，学会pull down拆毁.拉倒;拉下，降低pull in(车)停下，进站，船(到岸)pull on穿，戴pull together齐心协力put aCrOSS解释清楚，说明put away放好，收好;储存put forward提出put on穿上，戴上;上演;。

2012（2011）年职称英语词汇选项同义词P 1at once = immediately 马上call= phone 打电话space= room 空间identify =name 认出occur =happen 发生complete =finish 完成eventually＝ finally 最终conversation =talk 谈话attend =go to 参加make up one’s mind = decide决定account =consideration 考虑put up with = tolerate忍耐abandon = give up 放弃seldom =rarely 很少take out = extract 取出P2spur = encourage 促进coverage =reportage 新闻报到dimly = fainty 昏暗地mildly = gently 温和地inevitable = certain 肯定isolated = solitary 孤立call off = cancel 取消停止now and then = occasionally 偶尔find fault with = criticize批评grasp = take hole of 抓住(take…into)consideration /account 把…考虑进去tolerate = put up with 忍受abandon =give up 放弃lately =recently 最近P3manual = physical 体力的harness = utilise 利用resident = occupant 居住者steadily = continuously 不断地remedy = cure 治疗draft = formulate 设计/制定practically = almost几乎occasionally = sometimes有时，偶尔try = test 尝试rarely = seldom很少不常readily = willingly 乐意地extract = take out 取出shine =polish 照亮搽亮decent =honest 正派的deadly = fatal 致命的P4insist on= demand坚持damaging = harmful 有害的seldom = rarely 不常难得speed = velocity 速度physician =doctor内科大夫particularly = especially特别尤其safe =secure 安全的branch = division 分支abnormal = unusual 不正常abundant = plentiful 丰富的accelerate = step up 加快accumulate = collect 收集积累allocate = assign 分配分派childish = immature 幼稚/不成熟barren = bare 贫瘠/赤裸P5appalling = dreadful 条件之差使人吃惊anyhow = anywayachieve = attaincapability = ability 能力本领in conjunction with = together with 与…一起credible = convincing可信的diligent = hardworking 勤奋的努力的diverse = varied 多种多样的不同的faulty = wrong 有错误的gorgeous = magnificent 好极了壮丽的persist = continue持续的regulate = control控制scatter = separate分散standpoint = point of view观点touching = moving 动人的感人的P6immense = enormous巨大的accumulate = build up积累/建立overtake = pass超过advisable = wise可取的/聪明的puzzle = mystery谜exhibit = show显示eternal = everlasting永久的depict = describe描写operative = work运作的wreck = damage毁坏embody = include包含obscure = prevent遮挡/挡住restrain = prevent阻止sensational = exciting令人激动stroll = walk 散步P7annoying = irritating 使烦恼，使人不愉快deliberately = intentionally 蓄意的vague = imprecise 模糊/不确切、不明确summit = top of the mountain 山顶census = count （人口）普查/计数duplicate ＝ copy 复制ban = forbid 禁止lawful = legal 合法mock = laugh at 嘲笑取笑motive = reason 动机/理由notably = particularly 特别尤其omit = fail 疏忽遗漏/失败没有能够orthodox = conventional 传统outrageous = unacceptable 凶暴令人不能容忍/不可以接受scared = frightened 受惊的P8hail = acclaim 向…欢呼（拥戴）principal organizer = planner 组织者postulate = assume 假定设想extinction = die out 绝迹绝种abrupt = sudden 突然allocate = distribute 分配分发mighty = very strong 强大的authentically = genuinely 真正的eligible = entitle有资格/給..权利（资格）asserted = stated firmly 断言宣称/坚定地说permit= allow 允许propose = suggest 建议提议regret = sorry 对..感到懊悔/后悔的rely on = depend on 依靠依赖remove = take off 脱掉去掉/脱掉拿下P9improved = better 改进更好break = beat 打破/打胜过provoke = elicit 引起诱发gangster = violent criminal 匪徒/凶犯framework = skeleton 框架/骨架hazard = danger 危险危害lure = attraction 吸引诱惑/吸引densely = compactly 密集地浓厚地/紧凑地fascinate = intrigue 使..着迷强烈地吸引住/引起兴趣probe = explore 探索探究settle = solve 解决tremble = shake 颤抖摇动shocked = surprised 震惊的abide by = stick to 坚持遵循widen = broaden 变宽扩大P10shabby = unfair 不公正uneasy = anxious 感到不安demolish = pull down拆毁毁掉推翻adverse = unfavorable 不利逆的concise = short and clear 简明courteous = respectful 有礼貌的谦恭的invaluable = extremely useful贵重的有价值insane = crazy 精神错乱疯狂的exhaustive = extremely thorough 透彻，彻底ingenious = clever灵巧的巧妙的eligible = qualified有资格做…/符合…条件vigorous = healthy 精力充沛有活力abided by = adhered to 服从遵守without bias ＝ fairly 公平地公正地terminated = put an end to 结束。

2012年全国职称英语考试大纲词汇2012年全国职称英语考试大纲词汇(第1课)单词词义教材出处（英文）教材出处（译文）widespread adj. 普遍的，广泛的；分布广的Before the widespread use of computers, the information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used.(原文:10年教材，阅读) 计算机广泛应用之前，信息要么到达经理处太迟，要么费用太贵而用不起。

hold,held, holdenvt. 持有；保存；拥有；拘留；约束或控制vi. 持续；支持；有效n. 保留；控制On his shoulder he carried a club and in his hand he helda bow(弓).(原文:09年教材，Hercules)他（Hercules ）肩扛棍棒,手持弓。

spacious adj. 宽敞的，广阔的；无边无际的。

We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel.(原文:10年教材，阅读)我们被告知,我们的（婚礼）是最宽敞的房间在旅馆里。

explain v. 说明；解释Biologists are unable to explain why Dinosaurs aredying.(原文:10年教材，阅读)生物学家不能解释为什么恐龙灭亡。

forbiddenadj. 严禁的，禁用的；被禁止的 Women could not take part and were forbidden, on pain of death ，even to attend the Games.(原文:11年教材，阅读) 妇女不能参加甚至被禁止出席这个运动会decentadj. 得体的；正派的；相当好的 I want to provide my boys with a decent education.(原文:09年教材，阅读)我想给我的孩子们提供良好的教育。

职称英语理工类考试常考词组汇总词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受到严重限制。

一般大多数人认为背单词既吃力，又成效不大。

实际上，若能采用适当的方法，不仅可以缩短扩大词汇量所需的时间，并且能提高记忆单词的质量。

以下是小编整理的职称英语理工类考试常考词组汇总，快来收藏吧。

what if 如果将会怎样，即使又如何
whetheror 是还是，不管还是
and yet 可是，然而
ever since 从那时起，自那时以来
ever so 非常，极其
over and over(again)一再，再三
all round 周围
and so on/forth 等等
or so 大约，左右
sofar 迄今为止
soas to 结果是;如此...以至于
at once 立刻，马上
once more 再一次，又一次
go wrong 发生故障，出毛病
as yet 到目前(那时)为止
accustom to 使习惯
adhere to 粘附，胶着;坚持
every other 每隔一个地
so that 以便，为的是;结果是。

第一部分：词汇词汇11、will you……….call may (phone)2、we’ll give……..space to (room)3、I have to go at once (immediately)4、The policemen……identify……(name)5、W e were…….occurred (happened)6、It took me…plete……(finish)7、The herd medicine eventually……(finally)8、We had along conversation….(talk)9、please let me…….attend…(go to)10、He have made up his mind…..(decided)11、you teacher….account…..(consideration)12、We have to put up with….(tolerate)13、They have given up……..(abandoned)14、I seldom watch TV (rarely)15、The dentist……take out …..(extract)词汇22、photojournalist coverage…(reportage)3、Below 600…..dimly….(faintly)4、“I’m not…..”mildly…..(gently)5、In 1861 it…inevitable……(certain)6、Many of novelist….isolated…(solitary)7、The workers… called off…(cancelled)8、John has…made up his mind….(decided)9、I catch…now and then (occasionally)10、He often finds fault with…(criticizes)11、The little…grasped….(took hold of)12、In judging…consideration…..(account)13、I can no….tolerate…(put up with)14、The doctors….abandoned……(given up)15、Have you….lately?(recently)词汇31、Even in a highly…..,manual…..(physical)2、+3、Many residents…….(occupants)4、The steadily………(continuously)5、Hundreds of……remedy…(cure)6、John Hanson…..draft……(formulate)7、Practically all……(Almost)8、Sulphur…occasionally….(sometimes)9、When doves…..try…(test)10、I rarely….(seldom)11、When she……readily….. (willingly)12、The dentist…..extract…(take out) 13、Y ou must shine…(polish)14、The majority……decent…(honest)15、A deadly…….(fatal)词汇41、Many fine…insist on….(demand)2、since the…….damaging (harmful)3、Cement…seldom…..(rarely)4、Nerve….speeds..(velocities)5、The poet…physician…(doctor)6、Medicine…particularly (especially)7、We shall…safe (secure)8、An important…a branch (a division)9、The child’s…abnormal (unusual)10、There is an abundant…(a plentiful)11、In order…accelerate..(step up)12、Gas..accumulate…(collect)14、Her…..childish (immature)词汇51、They hav e….appalling….(dreadful)2、I wasn’t…..anyhow (anyway)3、He achieved….(attained)4、The standards…..capabilities….(abilities)5、The army….in conjunction…..(together)6、His claims..credible…(convincing)7、Jack…diligent…(hardworking)8、society is….diverse…(varied)词汇61、With immense……(enormous)2、The scientists accumulate….(build up)3、When jack…overtook…..(passed)4、Because of…..advisable….(wise)5、Data from…..puzzle…(mystery)6、He rolled…exhibit…(show)7、Why can’t……eternal…(everlasting)词汇71、Loud noises…annoying (irritating)2、Human….de-liberately (intentionally)3、The constitution’s vague …..(imprecise)4、The expedition summit….10:30(top of the mountain)5、While….1970…ban (forbid)6、Gambling is lawful….(legal)7、They always mock…..(lugh at)8、These are…motives….(reasons)9、His new…omitted…..(failed)10、Guests were scared……(frightened)词汇81、He was one…anizers…(planner)2、The little boy…mighty…(very strong)3、The stories..authentically…(genuineely)4、Formulated..1832…asserted….(statedfirmly5、Smoking is…permitted (allowed)6、The chairman proposed….(suggested)7、I feel regret…..(sorry)8、She has……relied….(depended on)9、John removed……(took off)词汇91、Although……..an improved….(a better)2、There is ……breaks…..(beats)3、The attack…provoked….(elicited)4、Illinois….gangsters…(violent criminals)5、The towers….framework..(skeleton)6、The use of…hazard….(danger)7、Many….lure….(attraction)8、The……densely (compactly)9、The leading…..fascinated…(intrigued)10...They…settle…(solve)11…We….shocked……(surprised)词汇101、The …..uneasy (anxious)2、It is….demolished (pulled down)3、The….adverse (unfavorable)4、He…..concise…(short and clear)5、The…courteous….(respectful)6、The…invaluable…(extremely useful)7、The…insane….(crazy)8、Inhis..exhaustive(extremely thorough)9、Not….abided by..(adhered to)10...Examination… without bias (fairly)11.. The…terminated(put an end to)第二部分：新增文章篇目阅读理解（2篇）*第三＋八篇 "Li f e Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety完形填空（3篇）*第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks f or Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins Wi th Fas t Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第三＋八篇 "Li f e Form Found" on Saturn's Titan阅读理解Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1on the Saturn's moon2. T he discovery of a sort of lif e w as announced after researchers at the US space agency,NAS A3,analyzed data from s pacecraf t Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based f orm of lif e on Saturn's biggest moon.…………………………段落省略"Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice af ter all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of w ork to do to rule out8 possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."练习：1 .What have scientists f ound about Saturn?C、 They have f ound methane-based life on Ti tan.2. What do scientists say about Titan?A 、There are li f e clues there.3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this f orm of lif e.(paragraph 5)What does"this f ormof lif e" ref er to?B 、Methan e-based lif e.4. What can be inf erred from w hat Allen said?A、Scien tis ts have di ff eren t arguments over whether there is li fe on Ti tan.5. Which of the f ollow ing can replace the title of this passage?D、 A di fferen t Li fe Form, a Possibility.*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the w ay kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the ………………………………………………段落省略"This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger s ample6," s aid David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.练习：1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D 、Female teachers' con f idence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?B 、A di ff icul t sub jec t like math may affec t teachers' conf idence in teaching the sub jec t.3. According to the experiment,those teachers w ere probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sal es receip t.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA 、prove a strong l ink between f emal e teachers' math anxiety and their f emal e s tuden ts' mathachievemen ts.5. David Geary thinks thatB、 the research results need to b e retes ted based on a larger sample.完形填空*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks f or Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policies has been 1、carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 、urban development．She w arns that many of the w orld’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely s uff er from the impacts of changing c limate．Her work also concludes that most cities are f ailing to 3、reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4、gases．These gases are known to aff ect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the grow ing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing eff ective strategies to5、pro tec t their residents."C ities are 6、major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely aff ected by f uture climate change. Lankao’s f indings highlight ways in w hich city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could off er immediate and longer-term 7 、benefi ts．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities of ten place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8、threats associated w ith climate include storm surges and prolonged hot w eather. Storm surges can f loodcoastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9、heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may 10、lac k basic facilities such as drinking w ater or a dependable netw ork of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11、wi thout access to reliable drinking w ater，roads and basic services.Local governments, 12、theref ore ,should takeme asures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move tow ards rhetoric 13、rather than meaningf ul responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 、 au tomobile use. I n f act, manylocal governments are taking a hands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 、idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmf ul eff ects of climate change on cities.*第十二篇 Free S tatins With Fas t Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast f ood outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1、charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial CollegeLondon 2、sugges t in a newstudy．Statins reduce the 3 、 amoun t of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A w ealth of trial data has proven them to be highly eff ective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4 、risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk off ered by a statin is 5、enough to off set the increase in heart attack risk from 6、eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，w ho is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11of the 7、unhealthy eff ects of cheeseburgers and French fries．I t’s b etter to avoid fatty f ood altogether．But w e’ve w orked out that in terms of your 8、possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9、degree as a fast food meal inc reases it.”“It’s ironic th at people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in f ast food outletsas they 10、like , but s tatins, w hich are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to makerisk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11、provided free of c harge．It w ould cost less than 5pence per 1 2、 cus tomer 一not muchdiff erent to a sachet of s ugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they’re encou raged to take 13、measures that low er their risk, 1ike 14 wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes w ith f ilters. Taking a statin is a rational w ay of 1 5、lowering some of the risks of eating a f atty meal．二阅读判断A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned（一）Inventor of LED（LED的发明者）1.Holonyak's colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. A2.Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later. C3.Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s. B4.Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future. A5.Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in. C6.Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs. C7.The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years. B（二）EI Nino（厄尔尼诺）1.The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. B2.The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past El Nino occur-rences and sea-surface temperatures. A3.The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match-the past El Nino occurrences. C4.Weare's contribution in predicting El Nino was highly praised by other meteorologists. C5.According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people. B6.It takes about, eight months for El Nino to reach its peak. A7.A special institute has been set up in. America to study El Nino. C（三）Smoking（抽烟）1.It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. B2.Smoking reduces one's .life expectancy. A3.Smoking may induce lung cancer. A4.There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. C5.Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. B6.Nicotine is poisonous.A7. Filters and low tar tobacco make' smoking safe. B （四）Engineering Ethics（工程道德）1.Engineering ethics is a compulsory subject in every institute of science and technology in the United States. C2.The. number of students wishing to take the course of engineering ethics is declining at TexasA&M University. B3.The National Science Foundation involves itself directly in writing up material about ethical issues. B4.It seems that medical ethics and business ethics are more mature than engineering, ethics. A5.Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to protest against the creation of a new course in engineering ethics. C6.Many engineering professors may not have time to prepare material for class discussion on, professional ethics. A7.It is likely that following this introductory passage, the author will provide the necessary material related to the topic of engineering ethics. A（五）Rescue platform（救生平台）1. A rescue platform called the Eagle is capable of moving vertically but not sideways. B2.The four propellers are fitted horizontally to the Eagle.A3.With the help of jet engines the Eagle can fly at a speed of 100 miles an hour. C4.In the third paragraph, the word helicopter refers to the Eagle. B5.The more jet engines are fitted to the propellers, the more people the platform can carry. C6.In the wake of 'September 11, Mr. Metreveli has secured enough funding to build up .a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. B7.Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israel a more advanced form of rescue platform than the Eagle or the Eaglet. C （六）Microchip research center created（微芯片研究中心成立）1.The country says that.. the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country's chip industry. B2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes. C3. Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay. B4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes. A5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors. C6. Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.A7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance. B（七）Moderate earthquake strikes England（中度地震袭击英国）1.During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power. B2.The Channel Tunnel was closed, for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred. C3.It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured, but not seriously. A4.France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors. C5.The country's strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580. B6.Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later. A7.It can be inferred from the passage -that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. A（八）Easy learning（容易的学习）1.Babies can learn language even in their sleep. A2.An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old. C3.Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish. C4.The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds.A5.The study shows that the infant's cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep. A6.If an adult wants to learn a language faster, he can put a language tape under his pillow. B7.Cheour's finding is worthless. B（九）Dangers await babies with altitude（高海拔地区的婴儿有危险）1.According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are under-nourished. B2.Giussani's team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University. C3.Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into. A4.The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother’s womb. A5.High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies. B6.High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average. C7.Giussani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up. B（十）Irish dolphins may have a unique dialect（爱尔兰海豚可能有独特语言）1.The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists. C2.Ronan Hickey analysed almost 2,000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins. B3.Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins. A4Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins. A5.Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins. C6.As early as the 6th century, Irish' fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary. B7.Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year. A（十一）Computer Mouse（电脑鼠标）1.Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. B2.Accroding to the author, general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented. C3.The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse. A4.The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. A5.When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. B6.The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. C7.The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts. A（十二）Study Helps Predict big Mediterranean Quake（科学家研究预测地中海地区大地震）1.The fault, which was overlooked before, has been closely studied by scientists. A2.It is fun to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami. B3.Radiocatbon dating techniques can bi used to identify the age of the earth. C4.Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100. A5.Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction. A6.Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD365. B7.The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are being widely used in the world. C三、概括大意和完成句子第一篇More Than 8 Hours sleep too Much ofa Good Thing课文：1、AIthough…..consequences.2、Investigators…..sleepers.3、These…..This4、Previous….more5、For……functioning6、Kripke……he said练习：1、paragraph 2 （sleep…sleepers）【E】2、paragraph 4 (Dangers…of sleep)【B】3、paragraph 5 (Kripke’s….T ool)【A】4、paragraph 6 (A Way…..Insomnia)【D】5、T o…need to (sleep..than 8 hours)【F】6、Long..likely to (suffer….problems)【E】7、One…..unable to (fall….again) 【A】8、One….of dying (sleep…7hours) 【C】第二篇Soot and soow:a Hot Combination 课文：1、New….past century.2、Soot….sunlight.3、Soot…..New Y ork4、Hansen……and land.5、“Black”….Hansen noted.6、Hansen…..of is century.7、The…sunlight.练习：1、paragraph 3 （Explanation…soot）【C】2、paragraph 4 (Soot’s..Atmosphere)【A】3、paragraph 6(Greenhouse…Warming)【F】4、paragraph 7 (Observations..Hemisphere)【B】5、In…Soot (Contributed..warming)【B】6、Hansen..gases ( still…century)【E】7、Black…..ice (absorb….backgound) 【D】8、A soot….which (produces…magnitude)【A】第三篇Icy Microbes课文：1、In ice…of ice2、A research..to life3、Doran…..on Mars4、Called….seawater.5、That….bacteria6、The…..covering练习：1、paragraph 2 （Antarctic…revived）【E】2、paragraph 3 (Significance…sheet)【A】3、paragraph 4(Accidental….Antarctica)【F】4、paragraph 6 (2004…Specimens)【D】5、Scientists…of ice ( Was of value)【B】6、Scientists ice sheet (may…..of ice)【C】7、What the…in 2004 (is to…analysis) 【E】8、The….lake Vida (is found seawater) 【A】第四篇Compact Disks课文：1、If……wide2、A small…as music3、Digital………codes4、There…CD-ROMs5、CDs….of them6、Science….CD-ROMs练习：1、Paragraphs 1＆2 (CDs..Explained)【D】2、Paragraphs 3 (Digital..Applications)【A】3、Paragraphs 4 (CDs..Formats) 【F】4、Paragraphs 5 (CDs…durable) 【C】5、One…disks (be..on) 【E】6、The...record-ing (take…years) 【B】7、The….CD Player (be ….parts) 【C】8、Space……codes (keep….efficiently)【F】第五篇LED Lighting课文：1、An…lighting2、Michael….of atoms3、When….white glow4、Then…..bulb5、LEDs……to break6、Quantum….a fork练习：1、Paragraphs 1(LED…Lighting) 【B】2、Paragraphs 3 (Bowers…Discovery)【E】3、Paragraphs 5 (LED..Advantages)【D】4、Paragraphs 6 (Almost…Futur) 【C】5、Unlike…so (it is..efficient) 【F】6、Edison’s..because (traditional..dear)【A】7、Something…when (a…dots) 【B】8、Over…2025 if (America…LEDs)【C】第六篇How W e Form First Impression课文：1、We ……..traits2、The……..mean3、If you……wrong4、When…..or freaks5、However……..hunane练习：1、Paragraphs 2(Comparing…Memories)【D】2、Paragraphs 3 (Illustration…Impression)【C】3、Paragraphs 4 (Comment…Impression)【B】4、Paragraphs 5 (Ways…Impressions)【A】5、Sensory….Through(The…Through)【E】6、Y ou…brain(rmation)【D】7、The…to(The..child) 【C】8、We…to (The…cortex) 【B】第七篇：Screen Test1. Every year 。

2012年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目（小抄整理版）阅读理解（6篇）第六篇Making Light of1 Sleep-1页第十九篇Graphene's Superstrength1*第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四＋五篇Small But Wise+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"完形填空（6篇）第三篇Germs on Banknotes第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness*第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Muc h of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；第六篇Making Light of1 SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock，your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control whenyou wake，when you eat and when you sleep. ……………………………………………………………段落省洛But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.练习：1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseB、it has a cycle of 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?C、Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader thatB 、staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?C、Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.5. According to the last two paragraphs，what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system? B、The human eye had one light-sensing system.第十九篇Graphene's Superstrength1Big technology comes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smaller …………………………………………………………………段落省洛Now stick the same piece of tape on another sheet of paper and pull the tape up —there should be an even thinner layer，this time left on the paper. Now imagine that you do this over and over，until you get the thinnest possible layer of material on the paper. This layer would be only one atom thick，and you wouldn't be able to see it. Graphite is made of layers of graphene，so when you get to the thinnest possible layer，you've found graphene.练习：1 .What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?C 、Graphene.2. According to the second and third paragraphs，what is true of graphene?C 、It is easy to find graphene.3. Which of the following can be used to replace the word “apply”in paragraph 4?D、put.4. Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs?A 、Graphene is made of graphite，one of the softest materials in the world.5. Graphene's superstrength lies in the fact thatC 、It can help to make electronic components smaller.*第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan（理工B级阅读理解）Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.…………………………段落省洛"Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out8possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."练习：1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?C、They have found methane-based life on Titan.2. What do scientists say about Titan?A 、There are life clues there.3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does"this formof life" refer to?B 、Methane-based life.4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?A、Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.5. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?D、A different Life Form, a Possibility.*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（理工B级阅读理解）In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the………………………………………………段落省洛"This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in needof replication with a larger sample6," said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.练习：1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D 、Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?B 、A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA 、prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' mathachievements.5. David Geary thinks thatB、the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.+第四＋五篇Small But Wise（理工A级阅读理解）On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is^^…………………………………………………段落省洛cool down. They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in theinfrared spectrum they glow.练习：1 .What is so special about WISE?C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.2. Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?A make.3. The camera on WISEC catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.4. Which of the following is NOT correct about"asteroids" according to paragraph 7? A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.5.What is implied in the last paragraph?B 、Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers" （理工A级阅读理解）Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as "ecosystem engineers" and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.……………………………………段落省洛Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem．Ants are important in below ground processes8through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.练习：1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?C 、Because their activity affects the environment.2. As predators, antsA 、prey on small as well as large animals.3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how antsD produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?B 、Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?完形填空第三篇Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1、money yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2、different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3、century , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4、within one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5、countries .Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6、gathered from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7、because those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8、cotton .Different countries may use different 9、materials to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10、team such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three 11、currencies with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12、mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13、germs have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14、compare the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15、hands after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it注释：第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries．1、 but according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and2、emotions The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．"For me 3、personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4、looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5、 favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6、by making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7、participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8、 group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．9、Finally ,the researchers had participants 10、 complete questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11、secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．"In 12、their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13、experience of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14、 eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15、connections with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities （B级完型）A new examination of urban policies has been 1、carriedout recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 、urban development．She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3、reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4、gases．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romer o Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5、protect their residents."Cities are 6、major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate ch ange. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 、benefits．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8、threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9、heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increaseexisting levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may 10、lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandardhousing 11、without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, 12、therefore ,should take measures toprotect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13、rather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose const ruction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 、 automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands—off approach.” Thus, she urges themto change their 15 、idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk（B 级完型）Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1、charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2、suggest in a newstudy．Statins reduce the 3 、 amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4 、risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5、enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6、eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7、unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your 8、possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9、degree as a fast food meal increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they 10、like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11、provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per 1 2、 customer 一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis s aid．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take 13、measures that lower their risk, 1ike 14 wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 1 5、lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．+第十三篇Solar Power without Solar Cells（A级完型）A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan1researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.The researchers found a way to make an "optical 1、battery ," said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the2、effects of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than 3、previously expected. 4、Under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect."This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation," Rand said. "In solar cells, the 5、light goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load2. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment3. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power6、source."What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of "optical rectification4," says William Fisher, a doctoral student5 in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, light's electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling7、apart of the positive and negative charges6 in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to 8、that in a battery.Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the light's magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through7 a 9、material that does not 10、conduct electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter8. Sunlight isn't this intense on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said."In our most recent paper, we show that incoherent light9 like sunlight is theoretically almost as. 11、effective in producing charge separation as laser light is," Fisher said.This new 12、technique could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in 13、converting solar power to useable energy. That's equivalent to today's commercial-grade solar cells."To manufacture 14 、modern solar cells, you have to do extensive semiconductor processing," Fisher said. "All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for 15、both . It's already made in bulk10, and it doesn't require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better."+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage（A级完型）The massive subduction zone1earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil"liquefaction"2 that has surprised researchers with its 1、widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2、extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted andsinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3、function . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 、strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5、collapse .But most earthquakes are much 6、shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7、how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8、recently f illed ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9、phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10、before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11、events ," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12、deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 13、near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14、prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15、standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.轻松词汇通轻轻松松词汇通，稳拿满分在其中一、解释版：（一）必记：10大词汇选项要求掌握的单词：（03年8对8分，04年8对8分，05年8对两半10分）（斜体部分为近两年已考）1\account for=explain 理解minute=slight 细小disorder=confusion混乱Accused of=charged with 指控investigate=look into 调查numerous=many 许多obvious=clear 显而易见Odd=strange 奇怪participate in=take part in 参加preserve=keep 保存previously=before以前pull up=stop 停止perceive=notice 注意到possess=own占有substantial=significant 实质的2\spur=encourage 激励coverage=reportage报道dimly=faintly 昏暗(048)，模糊mildly=gently 温和地inevitable=certain 不可避免isolate=solitary 孤立的call of=cancel取消make up one’s mind=decide决定Now and then=occasionally=sometimes 有时find fault with=criticize 批评grasp=take hold of抓住Consideration=account 考虑tolerate=put up with 忍受abandon=give up 放弃lately=recently最近3\Manual=physical 人工harness=utilise(utilize) 利用resident=occupant 居民steadily=continuously不断地Remedy=cure治疗(055)draft==formulate起草practically=almost 几乎endeavor=try=test尝试seldom=rarely 很少而精Readily=willingly 乐意shine=polish 擦亮Extract=take out 取出(045)decent=honest正派Lethal=Deadly=fatal 致命的4\insist on=demand 坚持speed=velocity快过Physician=doctor 医生particularly=especially特别safe=secure安全的branch=division分支机构Abnormal=unusual 不正常的accelerate=step up 加快abundant=plentiful 丰富的accumulate=collect积累Allocate=distribute=assign 分配childish=immature 幼稚barren=bare贫瘠5\appalling=dreadful讨厌的Anyhow=anyway 不管achieve=attain 通过努力达到capability=ability 能力in conjunction=together共同Credible=convincing 可信的diligent=hardworking 勤奋diverse=varied多种多样faulty=wrong有错的Gorgeous=lovely 极美的persist=continue 持续regulate=control 控制scatter=separate分开Stand point=point of view 观点touching=moving 感人的6\vanish=disappear消失phase=stage阶段Deter=inhibit=prevent 阻止porcelain=china 陶瓷prior to=before在。

Aa anart.1.一(个)2.每一(个)3.(同类事物中的)任何一个abandonvt. 放弃,遗弃,丢弃abbeyn.1.修道院 2.大教堂ABCn.1.字母表 2.基础知识 ,abdomenn. 腹部abdominaladj.腹部的abilityn.1.能力,本领2.(pl.)才能,才识ableadj.1.有(能力、时间、知识等)做某事的2.有本事的,能干的be able to：能够,会aboardadv./prep.在船(车、飞行器)上,上船(车、飞行器)abolisvt.废除,取消abortionn.流产,堕胎aboutprep.1.在…周围2.关于,对于adv.1.附近,周围,到处2.大约aboveprep.在…之上,高于above all：尤其是,最主要的是adj.上述的,上面的adv.1.在上面,往上2.更多abroadadv.1.到国外,在海外2.遍布,到处absencen.1.缺席2.缺乏,缺少absentadj.1.缺席的 2.缺乏的3.不在意的,茫然的be absent from：缺席accommodatevt.1.为…提供住宿2.容纳,接纳3.使适应,调节accommodationn.1.膳宿供应2.(pl.)提供便利的设备(或用具)3.适应,调节accompanyvt.1.陪伴,陪同 2.为…伴奏accomplishvt.完成,实现,成就accordancen.一致,相符in accordance with：依照,依据,与…一致according toprep.按照,根据accountvi.说明(理由等)account for：说明,解释(原因等)n.1.陈述,说明 2.账户,(pl.)账目3.原因,理由On account of：基于,由于On all accounts：无论如何on no account：决不take into account：考虑,重视accountantn.会计,出纳accurateadj.准确的,精确的accusationn.告发,控告accusevt.1.指责2.控告accuse…of指责某人,控告某人accustomvt.使习惯be accustomed to：习惯于acen.1.“A”牌 2.能手,专家3.发球得分absoluteadj.1.绝对的,完全的2.确实的,肯定的absorbvt.1.吸收2.使全神贯注abstractadj.抽象的,不具体的n.摘要,提要academicadj.1.学术的 2.学院的3.学究的academyn.1.(高等)院校,研究院2.学会,协会accentn.1.口音2.重音acceptvt.1.接受,领受 2.认可,同意vi.同意,认可acceptableadj.1.可接受的 2.合意的,受欢迎的acceptancen.1.接受2.承认,认可accessn.1.接近,获得(机会等)2.人口,通道 .have/gain access to：有(机会、手段、权力)得到/接近/进入accidentn.意外事件,事故by accident：意外地,偶然地achevi.痛n.痛,疼痛achievevt.1.完成,实现2.(经过努力)获得,达到achievementn.1.成就,成绩2.实现,达到acidadj.酸的,酸性的n.酸acknowledgevt.1.承认 2.感谢 3.告知收到(信件等)acquirevt.1.获得,取得 2.学到(知识等),养成(习惯等)acquisitionn. 获得(物)acren.英亩acrossprep.1.横过,穿过 2.在…的对面3.交叉4.经过(一段时间)adv.1.横过,穿过2.在另一边actvi.1.行动,做 2.起作用3.表演vt.1.扮演(角色)2.装作n.1.行为,行动2.法令,条例3.(戏剧的)一幕actionn.1.活动,行为2.作用activeadj.有活力的,积极的,主动的activistn.积极分子activityn.1.(pl.)活动,所做的事情2.活动性,活跃actorn.1.演员,男演员2.行动者actressn.女演员actualadj.事实上的,实际的actuallyadv.实际上acuteadj.1.(头脑或五官)灵敏的,敏锐的2.急性的A.D.公元adn.广告adaptvt.1.使适应,使适合2.改写,改编adapt...to：使适合,使适用addvi.1.增加2.加,相加add(up)to：累计为,总数达vt.1.加,增加 2.接着讲(或写)addictvt.使成瘾,热衷于be addicted to：嗜好,爱好addictionn.沉溺,吸毒成瘾additionn.1.加,加法2.附加部分,增加in addition to：除…之外,另外additionaladj.附加的,另外的addressn.1.地址,住址2.讲话,演说vt.1.向…讲话2.写姓名地址adequateadj.足够的,充分的adjoinvt.贴近,与…毗邻adjustvt.1.调整,调节 2.校准,校对vi.1.调整,校准2.(to)适应于administrationn.1.管理,经营2.行政机关admirevt.羡慕,赞美,钦佩admissionn.1.允许进入 2.入场费3.坦白,承认admitvt.1.承认 2.接纳,招收adolescencen.青春期,青少年adoptvt.1.采用,采取(态度等)2.选定(道路、职业等)3.收养adultadj.成年人的,已成熟的n.成年人advancevt.1.促进,推进 2.提升,提高3.提出vi.前进,进展n.1.发展,前进2.预付款项3.增长,抬高in advance：预先,在前面advantagen.1.优势,优点2.利益,好处take advantage of：利用,趁机adventuren.1.冒险活动2.奇遇advertisementn.1.广告2.做广告,登广告advicen.忠告,劝告advisevt.1.劝告,建议 2.通告,通知advisern.劝告者,顾问affairn.1.事情,事件2.(pl.)事务,事态affectvt.1.影响,作用 2.感动3.(疾病)侵袭affectionn.1.慈爱,爱,感情2.作用,影响affordvt.1.担负得起,买得起,抽得出(时间等)2.提供afraidadj.1.害怕的,畏惧的2.恐怕的,担心的be afraid of：害怕African.非洲Africanadj.非洲(人)的n.非洲人afterprep.在…以后,在…后面adv.以后,后来conj.在…以后afternoonn.下午,午后afterward(s)adv.以后,后来againadv.1.再,又2.(回)到原处,恢复原状again and again：反复地now and again：不时地,常常地time and again：反复地,一次又一次地againstprep.1.逆,反(对),违反 2.紧靠着,倚在3.与…对照,对比agen.1.年龄2.时代v.(使)变老,(使)老化agencyn.1.代理(权),代办2.力量,(能动)作用3.机构agendan.议事日程,记事册agentn.代理人,经办人aggressionn.侵略,攻击aggressiveadj.1.侵略的,侵犯的2.爱挑衅的,放肆的3.有进取心的,敢作敢为的agoadv.以前agonyn.(极度的)痛苦,创痛agreevi.1-赞同,答应 2.适合,一致3.商定,约定agree on/upon：对…意见一致agree to：同意,答应agree with：赞同,适合agreementn.1.协议,约定2.同意,达成协议agriculturen.农业aheadadv.在前,提前ahead of在…之前aidn.1.帮助,援助2.助手,辅助设备3.救护vt.1.帮助,援助 2.急救aimn.1.目的,目标2.瞄准,针对vi.(at)1.目的在于,企图2.瞄准,对准vt.把…瞄准,把…对准airn.1.大气,空气2.态度,神态by air：1.通过航空途径2.用无线电vt.通风aircraftn.飞机,飞艇,航空器airlinen.1.(飞机的)航线 2.航空公司airmailn.航空邮件,航空邮政airplane(英：aeroplane)n.飞机airportn.飞机场alarmn.1.惊恐2.警报3.警报器vt.1.使…惊恐2.向…报警albumn.相片册,邮票簿alcoholn.1.酒精,乙醇2.含酒精的饮料alikeadj.相似的,相像的aliveadj.1.活着的,存在的2.有活力的,活泼的alladj.1.全部的,整个的2.非常的,极度的adv.完全地,十分地pron.全体,一切above all：首先,尤其是all over：到处,遍及in all：总计allegevt.断言,声称allegationadj.断言,主张,见解allegedadj.被说成的,被指称的allegedlyadv.据说alliancen.结盟,联盟,联姻alliedadj.联合的,同盟的,联姻的allowvt.1.允许,准许 2.承认3.给予vi.(for)考虑到,顾及allyn.1.同盟者2.伙伴3.同类almostadv.几乎,差不多aloneadj.1.单独的,孤独的2.唯一的adv.1.单独地,独自地2.只有,仅仅alongprep.沿着all along：始终,一直adv.向前alongsideprep.1.在…旁边,沿着…的边2.和…在一起3.和…相比adv.在旁边,并排地aloudadv.1.大声地 2.响亮地alreadyadv.已经,早已alsoadv.1.也,同样2.而且,还not only...butalso...：不但…而且altervt.1.改变,更改 2.改做(衣服等)vi.改变,变化alternativeadj.1.两者选一的 2.交替的n.1.两者选一 2.替换物3.交替althoughconj.尽管,虽然altituden.1.高度 2.海拔3.(pl.)高处altogetheradv.1.总共 2.完全地3.总之alumin(i)amn.铝alwaysadv.1.总是,一向2.始终,永远amateuradj.业余的n.业余爱好者amazevt.使惊讶,使吃惊amazingadj.令人惊讶的,令人吃惊的ambassadorn.大使,专使ambitionn.1.野心,雄心2.抱负,志向ambitiousadj.1.有雄心的,有抱负的2.热望的ambulancen.救护车(船、飞机等)amendmentn.1.改正,修正,改善2.修正案American.1.美洲2.美国Americanadj.1.美洲(人)的 2.美国(人)的n.1.美洲人2.美国人amidprep.在…中,在…当中among(st)prep.在…之中,在…中间amountvi.(to)1.总汁2.等于n.1.数额,数量2.总和,总额amplifyvt.1.扩大,加大 2.引申,详述amusevt.1.逗乐,使开心 2.给…提供娱乐analysevt.分析,分解analysisn.分析,分解in the final (1ast)analysis：归根结底ancestorn.祖宗。

a branch a division 分支a lot much 许多abide by stick to 坚持, 遵循abnormal unusual 异常的，反常的abrupt sudden 突然的absurd stupid 荒唐的，愚蠢的absurd ridiculous 荒唐的accelerate speed up 加速accelerate step up （使）加快，增速accordingly therefore 因此，从而accumulate collect 收集，累积accumulate build up 堆积，累积achieve attain 实现，达到adhere to follow 遵守，坚持adverse unfavorable 不利的，逆的advisable wise 明智的advocate suggest 建议affect influence 影响alike similar 相像的alleviate lessen 减轻alleviate relieve 减轻allocate give 分配allocate distribute 分配allocate assign 分配，分派although though 虽然an abundant a plentiful 大量的，充足的an improved a better 更好的annoying irritating 使烦恼的，使人不愉快的annually every year 每年anyhow anyway 不管怎样，无论如何anyone anybody 任何人appalling dreadful 糟糕的appraisal evaluation 评价around round 周围arouse awaken 叫醒，惊醒assert state firmly 宣称，断言at once immediately 立刻，马上at stake in danger 有危险attend go to 参加authentic genuine 真的，真正的award give 给予，授予ban forbid 禁止barren bare 贫瘠的be bound to sure 肯定会bear endure 承受, 负担bear support 承担，负担blend mix 混合，搅拌boring dull 令人厌烦的branch division 分支机构break beat 打破brief short 简短的，短暂的bump into run 不期而遇call contact 呼叫call phone 打电话call off cancell 取消capability ability 能力capacity volume 容量carry out implement 完成，实现，执行cease stop 停止, 终了celebrity star 名人census count 人口普查certain sure 确定的childish immature 不成熟的，幼稚的close near 接近的collaborate cooperate 合作complete finish 完成complicated complex 复杂的concise brief 简明的concise short and clear 简明的conduct behavior 行为，操行consideration account 考虑consolidate strengthen 巩固consume eat 消耗consume use 消耗contaminate pollute 弄脏，污染content satisfied 满意的conversation talk 谈话conviction belief 信仰courteous respectful 有礼貌的，谦恭的coverage reportage 新闻报道crazy mad 疯狂的credible convincing 可信的damaging harmful 有害的deadly fatal 致命的debate discuss 争论，辩论deduce derive 推导defect fault 缺陷defer postpone 推迟，延后deliberately intentionally 故意，蓄意地demolish pull down 拆毁，毁掉，推翻densely compactly 密集地, 紧密地depict describe 描绘，描述derive stem 源于detect notice 察觉，发觉diligent hardworking 勤奋的dim dark 暗的dimly faintly 昏暗的，朦胧的discriminate distinguish 区分dismiss fire 解雇diverse varied 不同的，多种多样的draft formulate 规划，起草dramatic striking 引人注目的，显著的dull boring 无趣的duplicate copy 复制durable long-lasting 耐用dwell live 居住elevate promote 提高，提升eligible qualified 有资格的，合格的eligible be entitled to 有资格的embody include 包含enormous large 大量的eternal never-ending 永恒的eternal everlasting 永久的eternally constantly 持续地, 不断地eventually finally 最终，最后evidently obviously 明显地，显然excite arouse 使……激动exhaustive extremely thorough 透彻的，彻底的exhibit show 展示，表现expire die 死亡explore investigate 调查，研究extinction die out 灭绝，绝迹extract take out 拿出，取出fascinate intrigue 使……着迷fascinating interesting 十分有趣的，精彩的faulty wrong 错误的find fault with criticize 批评fire dismiss 解雇firm company 公司follow understand 理解foster promote 促进framework skeleton 框架gangster violent criminal 匪徒，歹徒gap gulf 隔阂，差距gauge measure 标准gaze stare 凝视get up rise 起床give up drop 放弃give up abandon 放弃glad happy 高兴的glorious magnificent 壮丽的goal aim 目标gorgeous lovely 极好的gorgeous beautiful 十分美丽的gorgeous magnificent 壮丽的grasp take hold of 握住grateful thankful 感激的hail acclaim 向……欢呼，将……拥戴为harmonious balanced 协调的harness utilize 利用hazard danger 危险hazardous dangerous 危险的, 冒险的heap pile 堆highly very 很，非常horrify terrify 让人恐惧identify name 指认，认出immense enormous 巨大的impact influence 影响in conjunction together 共同in short in a word 简而言之in the end ultimately 最后inadequate insufficient 不适合的，不充分的inevitable certain 肯定的，不可避免的ingenious clever 灵巧的，巧妙的insane crazy 精神错乱的，疯狂的insist on demand 需要，要求insufficient inadequate 不充分的intelligent clever 聪明的intimate friendly 亲密的，亲切的intimately closely 密切地invaluable extremely useful 无法估计的，十分宝贵的irritate annoy 使烦恼的isolated solitary 孤立的，单独的last past 最近的，过去的lately recently 近来, 最近lately recently 最近，近来lawful legal 合法的lay down state 陈述，写下liable likely 可能的limited small 有限的look for try to find 寻找lots of many 许多lure temptation 吸引lure attraction 吸引make up one's mind decide 下决心manual physical 手工的，体力的manufacture produce 生产，制造mend repair 修理merely just 仅仅mighty strong 强大的mildly gently 温和地miraculous amazing 奇迹般的mock laugh at 取笑，嘲笑modify change 改变，变动motive reason 动机，理由notably remarkably 明显地notably particularly 值得注意地，特别now and then occasionally 偶尔的obscure vague 含糊的，模糊不清的obscure prevent 挡住，遮挡obvious clear 显而易见的occasionally sometimes 有时，间或occur happen 发生omit fail 遗漏，没有能够operative work 运作的orthodox conventional 正统的，传统的outcome result 结果，成果outlook view 景色，风光outrageous unacceptable 不可接受的overtake pass 超过particular detail 细节particularly especially 尤其地，特别地perish die 死亡permit allow 允许persevere persist 坚持persist continue 持续physician doctor 大夫pleased happy 高兴的postulate assume 假定，假设practically almost 几乎presently shortly 不久，一会儿preserve keep 保存principal organizer planner 组织者，策划者probe explore 探索prohibit forbid 禁止prohibit ban 禁止prolong extend 延长，拖延propose suggest 提出建议provoke elicit 引起，诱发prudent sensible 谨慎的，合理的put across explain 解释，说明，传达put up with tolerate 容忍，忍受puzzle mystery 迷quit give up 放弃rarely seldom 很少，几乎不readily willingly 乐意地regret sorry 懊悔,后悔的regulate control 控制，调节rely on depend on 依靠，依赖remedy improve 补救，改进remedy cure 治疗remove take off 脱掉，拿下renowned well-known 知名的resident occupant 居住者restrain prevent 阻止risk danger 危险room space 空间root cause 根源，起因safe secure 安全的scared frightened 害怕的，受惊的scatter separate 分开seldom rarely 很少sensational dramatic 轰动的，引人注目的sensational exciting 令人激动的sensible reasonable 明智的set up establish 设立, 提出settle solve 解决severe hard 艰难的shabby unfair 不公正的shift change 转换，转变shine polish 擦亮shock surprise 震惊shocked surprised 震惊的sick ill 生病的sketch outline 概况地叙述slender slim 细长的，苗条的space room 空间speciality field 专业,专长speed velocity 速度spur encourage 激励，鼓励standpoint point of view 观点，立场steadily gradually 稳定地steadily continuously 持续地，不断地stroll walk 散步subject topic 主题，话题summit top of the mountain 山顶sure certain 确定survive live 存活，维持生计sustain maintain 支撑，持续，维持take sign 表示，象征take into consideration take into account考虑take out extract 拔出tender kind 温柔的，亲切的terminate end 停止，结束，终止terminate put an end to 结束tolerate bear 包容，容忍tolerate put up with 忍受touching moving 感人的tremble shake 颤抖，震动try test 测验，检验typical characteristic 典型的ultimately finally 最后uneasy uncomfortable 不自在uneasy anxious 局促不安的，忧虑的，担心的unwilling reluctant 不愿意的up to now so far 迄今为止upgrade improve 提高，升级，改进uphold support 支持，赞成urge advise 极力主张，强烈要求utterly totally 完全的vague unclear 模糊的vague imprecise 含糊的，不明确的vary change 改变，变换virtually almost 差不多，几乎weary exhausted 疲惫的while although 虽然wholly completely 完全地widen broaden 拓宽without bias fairly 公平地witty smart 聪明的，机智的wreck damage 毁坏+第四＋五篇 Small But WiseOn December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has ……小而聪明12月14日，美国国家航空航天局发射了一个体积小而威力大的望远镜，它的名字叫“WISE”（聪明），大约只有一个垃圾盒子那么宽。