初三英语语法--动词的语态(学生版)

人教版初三英语知识点总结一、语法重点1. 时态- 一般现在时：表示经常发生的动作或状态。

- 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。

- 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作。

- 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

- 一般将来时：表示将来会发生的动作。

- 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果。

- 过去完成时：表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的另一动作。

2. 语态- 被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。

- 一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are + past participle。

- 一般过去时被动语态：was/were + past participle。

- 现在进行时被动语态：am/is/are being + past participle。

- 一般将来时被动语态：will be + past participle。

3. 非谓语动词- 动名词：作为名词使用，表示动作。

- 分词：现在分词（表示正在进行）和过去分词（表示被动或完成）。

- 不定式：to + base form of verb，表示动作的目的、意图或结果。

4. 情态动词- can/could：表示能力或请求。

- may/might：表示可能性。

- must：表示必须或强烈义务。

- should/ought to：表示建议或应当。

5. 句子结构- 简单句：一个主语和一个谓语。

- 并列句：使用并列连词连接两个或多个简单句。

- 复合句：包含一个主句和至少一个从句。

- 定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。

- 状语从句：表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等。

二、词汇与短语1. 常见词汇- 描述人物特征的形容词：kind, honest, creative, etc.- 描述日常活动的动词短语：clean up, take out, turn off, etc.- 描述情感和情绪的名词：happiness, sadness, anger, etc. - 描述天气的词汇：sunny, rainy, windy, etc.2. 短语搭配- 动词短语搭配：finish doing, stop to do, remember to do, etc.- 形容词与介词的搭配：afraid of, interested in, good at, etc.- 常用口语表达：What's up?, How about…?, It's up to you, etc.三、阅读理解技巧1. 快速阅读（Skimming）- 快速浏览文章，抓住主旨大意。

语法专题九、非谓语动词（必考）非谓语动词，是指在句子中不能做谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。

现在分词用于进行时，过去分词用于现在完成时和被动语态。

初中阶段主要考查不定式和动名词，本文就讲解这两大考点。

分词详见后面的时态和语态专题。

考点1：不定式to do （中考必考）定义和用法: 不定式to 可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾补、状语（表目的）、定语（to 放后修饰前面的名代）。

常考点就是to do 做宾语或宾补，哪些动词后加to do ，背下面的搭配。

① 后面常用动词不定式作宾语的搭配有： ② 后面常用动词不定式作宾补的搭配有： ask sb. to do sth. (叫某人做某事) tell sb. to do sth. (告诉某人做某事) allow sb. to do sth. (允许某人做某事) wish sb to do sth (希望做某事) want sb. to do sth. (想要某人做某事) advise sb to do sth (建议某人做某事) invite sb. to do sth. (邀请某人做某事) expect sb to do sth (期待某人做某事) Encourage sb to do sth (鼓励某人做某事) Teach sb to do sth (教某人做某事)考点2省略to 的动词不定式(1) 使役动词和感官动词，动词不定式做宾补时，主动语态时不定式省“to ”, 被动语态时要补回“to ”，这点详见被动语态专题。

下面我们识记一些常见搭配：make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 see sb. do / doing sth 看见某人做/ 正做某事 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事watch sb do / doing sth 观看某人做/ 正做某事 would like to do sth(乐意做某事)want to do sth (想要做某事) decide to do sth (决定做某事)plan to do sth (计划做某事)begin / start to do sth(开始做某事)Try to do sth (设法做某事)pretend to do sth(假装做某事) hope to do sth (希望做某事) a gree to do sth (同意做某事) learn to do sth (学会做某事) need to do sth (需要做某事)promise to do sth(答应做某事)refuse to do sth (拒绝做某事) used to do sth(过去常做某事)afford to do sth(负担得起做某事) 考点精讲have sb. do sth. 请某人做某事find sb do / doing sth.发现某人做/ 正做某事had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事Hear sb do / doing sth. 听见某人做/ 正做某事prefer to do rather than do sth. 宁愿…而不愿would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做……而不愿Why don’t you do …?=Why not do sth.？为什么不做……？Would / could you please (not) do sth.？请你(不)……好吗？考点3 动名词（动词ing形式，作用相当于名词）动名词，顾名思义就是动词作名词用，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

专题十动词的时态和语态1.定义时态：是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。

它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式语态：是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

3. 思维导图：动词的时态和语态时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时语态主动语态被动语态be 的八种形式含情态动词1.动词的时态1.常考的时态构成及用法a.一般现在时d.现在进行时e.过去进行时f.过去将来时g.现在完成时h.过去完成时2. 动词的语态a. 分类：主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态：表示并语是动作的执行者c.主动语态和被动语态的转换规则典型例题总分：50分姓名：得分：1.单选题（每小题1分，共50分）( ) 1. Jenny, together with the Greens the White Tower Park if it tomorrow.A.are going to; isn't rainyB.is going to; doesn't rainC.are going to; won't rainD.is going to; isn't rain( ) 2. The old man for quite some time.A.has diedB.dieC.has deadD.has been dead( ) 3. It is reported that a tall building in the city next year.A.will be builtB.were buildC.have builtD.will build( ) 4. My sister for 2 years.A.has marriedB.have got marriedC.has been marriedD.married( ) 5. Chinese ________in many schools around the world and many people love to learn it.A.teachesB.is teachingC.has taughtD.is taught( ) 6. When Tom was in primary school, he ________the piano every day.A.playsB.playedC.was playingD.has played( ) 7. A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and _____with a special Party.A.celebratesB.is celebratedC.was celebratedD.will celebrate( ) 8. -Were you at home at 9 o'clock last night？-Yes, I a shower at that time.A.tookB.was takingC.was takenD.am taking( ) 9. National Day celebrations for China's seventieth birthday in about three months.A.will be heldB.will holdC.is heldD.was held( ) 10. We don't know if he tomorrow. If he, I will call youA.will come, will comeB.will come, comeses, will comees, comes( ) 11. He told me that he ______ his uncle in Thailand the next day.A.will visitB.has visitedC.is going to visitD.would visit( ) 12. -Tom, do you know ________? -In Beijing.A.where will the 24th Winter Olympics be heldB.where the 24th Winter Olympics will holdC.where the 24th Winter Olympics will be heldD.where will the 24th Winter Olympics hold( ) 13. Peter with his classmates ________ for the bus when the earthquake happened.A.is waitingB.was waitingC.are waitingD.were waiting( ) 14. his museum ________ here for over 80 years. It ________ one of the oldest buildings in this city.A.is; wasB.had been; isC.was; has beenD.has been; is( ) 15. -Mrs. Brown, how long can books from the school library ?-At most two weeks.A.borrowB.keepC.be borrowedD.be kept( ) 16.-An AI robot _____in our school dining hall next term.-I'm looking forward to it.A.will useB.will be usedC.is usedD.was used( ) 17. Usually a baby's face ____ smooth.A.is feelingB.feltC.feels likeD.feels( ) 18. She _____ an English magazine when I came in.A.readsB.has readC.will readD.was reading( ) 19. I will call you as soon as he______ here.A.arriveB.will arriveC.arrivesD.arrived( ) 20. Boys and girl, ______ learning and have fun!A.keepB.to keepC.keepingD.kept( ) 21. There ______a basketball game between these two grades in the gym this afternoon.A.willB.is going to haveC.is going to beD.will have( ) 22. We ______TV from seven to nine last night.A.were watchingB.will watchC.watchedD.watch( ) 23. Jack's mother taught me how ________ Yunnan rice noodles last weekend.A.to makeB.makingC.makeD.to making( ) 24. Mrs. Green said the plates ________ right away，or they would become difficult to wash.A.will be washedB.should washC.will washD.should be washed( ) 25. The documentary Under the Dome (《苍穹之下》)which ________ by Chai Jing showed us that the air pollution in China was very serious.A.producesB.producedC.is producedD.was produced( ) 26. -What did you do last night?- I ________ my homework and watched TV.A.didB.doC.am doingD.will do( ) 27.The hospital is very famous. It _______ in 2001.A.buildsB.builtC.was builtD.is built( ) 28.These rules are made the disabled.A.protectB.protectedC.to protectD.protecting( ) 29. -How much does the TV ?-Not too much. It's just a second-handed one.A.costB.spendC.takeD.pay for( ) 30. -Have you ever ________ an amusement park?- Yes, I have ________ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.A.been to, have gone toB.gone to, have been toC.go to, went toD.been to, went to( ) 31.We are glad to hear that the terrorists ________ by the brave policemen several days ago.A.are caughtB.were caughtC.have been caughtD.are going to be caught ( ) 32. -Why didn't you go to the party last night? - Because I _____.A.wasn't invitedB.didn't invitedC.haven't invitedD.don't invited ( ) 33. -What _____ you supposed ____ when you are in China?- You should shake hands.A.are, to doB.do, to doC.are, doingD.have, to do( ) 34. So far, we ________ English for three years.A.have learntB.learnC.learntD.had learnt( ) 35.The boy was made ______ the words again and again.A.copyB.copyingC.copiesD.to copy( ) 36. The sports meeting in our school now.A.being heldB.is havingC.is holdingD.is being held( ) 37. The window ____ ten minutes ago, and the room is bright now.A.can be cleanedB.is cleanedC.was cleanedD.will be cleaned( ) 38. -Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?-No, I _______ it for 2 years.A.hadB.have hadC.boughtD.have bought( ) 39. He has ordered a watch on line for his father and it _______ to him before Father's Day.A.sendB.will be sentC.was sentD.sent( ) 40. There ______ a funny cartoon on CCTV 6 this evening.A.willB.will haveC.is going to beD.is going to have( ) 41. -________ did your uncle leave his home town? -He ___________ for nearly twenty years.A.When, has leftB.When, has been awayC.How long, has leftD.How long, has been away ( ) 42. My uncle ________ Germany on business many times.A.has been onB.has gone toC.has been toD.has been in( ) 43. Her life ________ a lot during the last three years.A.changedB.changingC.has changedD.will change( ) 44. -Lisa was seen ______ an old man go across the street this morning. -What a kind girl she is!A.helpingB.helpedC.to helpD.helps( ) 45. My computer has broken down. I'll get it _______ this afternoon.A.repairsB.repairedC.to repairD.repairing。

英语动词的语态
在英语中，动词的语态主要分为主动语态和被动语态两种。

主动语态是指主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动形式。

例如：I wrote a letter.（我写了一封信。

）
被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者，谓语动词用被动形式。

被动语态的构成是：be + 过去分词。

例如：A letter was written by me.（一封信被我写了。

）
使用被动语态的情况主要有以下几种：
1. 不知道或不需要指出动作的执行者时。

例如：The window was broken.（窗户被打破了。

）
2. 强调动作的承受者时。

例如：She is loved by everyone.（她受到大家的喜爱。

）
3. 当动作的执行者是泛指或不言而喻时。

例如：Books are written by writers.（书是由作家写的。

）
需要注意的是，在使用被动语态时，动词的时态和语态要保持一致。

例如：The letter was being written by me.（我正在写一封信。

）
动词的语态是英语语法中一个重要的概念，正确使用被动语态可以使句子更加准确、清晰。

中考英语语法之动词时态与语态动词时态与语态在英语语法中起着非常重要的作用。

正确地使用时态和语态能够使文章更加准确、流畅，并能够准确表达不同的动作和状态。

本文将重点介绍中考英语语法中的动词时态与语态，通过具体例子和解释来帮助读者更好地掌握这一知识点。

一、动词的时态时态是用来表示动作或状态发生的时间的一种语法形式。

在英语中，常用的时态有过去时、现在时和将来时。

1. 过去时过去时用来表示过去发生的动作或状态。

一般过去时的构成是在动词原形后面加上了-ed或者-d。

例如：walked（走过），played（玩过），watched（看过）。

过去时可以用来描述一段时间内发生的动作或者过去的经历。

例句：- I walked to school yesterday.（昨天我走着去学校）- She played the piano when she was young.（她年轻的时候弹过钢琴）2. 现在时现在时用来表示现在正在进行或经常发生的动作或状态。

一般现在时的构成是动词原形，除了第三人称单数形式的动词需要加上-s或者-es。

例如：work（工作），plays（玩），studies（学习）。

现在时可以用来描述当前的状况、习惯的动作或者客观事实。

例句：- He works as a doctor.（他是一名医生）- They usually play basketball on weekends.（他们通常在周末打篮球）3. 将来时将来时用来表示将来要发生的动作或状态。

一般将来时的构成是用助动词will或者be going to加上动词原形。

例如：will go（将要去），is going to study（将要学习）。

将来时可以用来描述计划、打算或者预测。

例句：- I will visit my grandparents next week.（下周我将去拜访我的祖父母）- She is going to study abroad next year.（她明年要去国外学习）二、动词的语态语态是用来表示动作发生主体的一种语法形式。

外研版九年级英语语法整理第一章：动词1.1 动词的分类动词可以分为实义动词、助动词和情态动词。

1.2 实义动词实义动词表示主语的动作或状态。

例如：eat, drink, read, write。

1.3 助动词助动词帮助构成时态、语气和疑问句。

常用的助动词有：do, does, did, have, has, had。

1.4 情态动词情态动词表示可能性、能力、建议、命令等。

常用的情态动词有：can, may, must, shall, will。

1.5 动词的时态动词的时态表示动作发生的时间。

常用的时态有：现在时、过去时、将来时。

1.6 动词的语态动词的语态表示主语与动作的关系。

常用的语态有：主动语态、被动语态。

第二章：名词2.1 名词的分类名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。

2.2 可数名词可数名词表示可以数的事物。

例如：boy, girl, book, pen。

2.3 不可数名词不可数名词表示不能数的事物。

例如：water, air, rice。

2.4 名词的所有格名词的所有格表示名词所表示的人或事物所属的关系。

例如：my book, the boy's pen。

第三章：形容词和副词3.1 形容词形容词用来修饰名词，表示名词的性质、状态等。

例如：big, tall, happy。

3.2 副词副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示程度、时间、地点等。

例如：quickly, happily, always。

3.3 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级表示程度的大小。

第四章：代词4.1 代词的分类代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词和关系代词。

4.2 人称代词人称代词表示人的称呼。

例如：I, you, he, she, it, we, they。

4.3 物主代词物主代词表示所有关系。

例如：my, your, his, her, its, our, their。

第十一章动词的语态思维导图知识梳理一、语态概述英语动词除了有时态之外,还有语态,表示主语和谓语的不同关系.如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词则用被动语态.动作的执行者用“by”引导的短语表示,但往往被省略;动作的对象则充当了被动语态句中的主语.汉语中常用“挨”“被”“受”等词来表示这个意思.The boy broke the window.那个男孩把玻璃窗打碎了.(主动语态)The window was broken by the boy.这扇玻璃窗被那个男孩打碎了.(被动语态)They watched the children sing that morning.那天早上他们看着孩子们唱歌.(主动语态)The children were watched to sing that morning.那天早上,孩子们被观看唱歌.(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成“助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词”构成动词被动语态的形式.助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样.现以动词ask为例,列表如下:方式(一)一般现在时This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.这种电视是广州制造的.Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.汉语是世界上最多人讲的语言.(二)一般过去时The thief was arrested.小偷被抓住了.These pictures were taken on the Great Wall.这些照片是在长城拍摄的.(三)一般将来时Your watch will be repaired.你的表将会被修理好.The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.班会下周六下午召开.(四)现在进行时A new road is being built outside my house.我们家门口正在修一条新路.The watch is being repaired.这只表正在修理.(五)过去进行时The bridge was being repaired when we passed it.我们过桥时,桥正在修.While the supper was being prepared,the light suddenly went out.正在做晚饭时,电灯突然灭了.(六)过去将来时They decided that invitations would not be sent out unless they were carefully checked.他们决定除非经过仔细校对,否则请柬不会发送出去.(七)现在完成时Your wallet has been found.你的钱夹已经找到了.Enough has been said here of this question.关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了.(八)过去完成时By1972a cooperative medical system had been set up in this area.到1972年这个地区已建立了合作医疗制度.When the anthem had been played,the Congress began.奏完国歌后,大会开始.四、被动语态的用法(一)不知道谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态My watch was stolen.我的手表被窃了.This jacket is made of cotton.这件夹克是棉制的.Her son was killed in World War II.她的儿子在第二次世界大战中战死.(二)没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态The children have been very well looked after.孩子们得到很好的照顾.A big building has been put up in my home town.我家乡已经建起一座大楼.Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.每年必须种很多树.This hat was made in China.这顶帽子是中国制作的.The bicycles must not be put here.这儿不准放车.(三)强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态The letter was posted.信发了.She was asked to sing a song.她被要求唱支歌.He cannot be relied on.他不可靠.A liar is looked down upon.说谎的人被人看不起.(四)出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作的执行者Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police.有谁看见这只狮子,请给动物园和警方打电话.You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你认真一点做.(五)为使句子结构简练、紧凑,上下连贯,也即出于行文的需要When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his home land for political reasons.他年轻时,就由于政治原因被迫离开了祖国.Lenin often talked to his comrades and was always listened to attentively.列宁经常和同志们谈话,同志们总是留心听他说.(六)在文章标题、广告、新闻等中常用省略助动词be的被动语态Telephone call placed.(TCP)电话接通了.(省略了has been)Girls Wanted.招女工.(广告用语,省略了are)Road Blocked.道路堵塞.(新闻报道,省略了is)五、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态,其结构是:情态动词＋be+过去分词.Young trees cannot be cut down.小树不可以砍伐.The exercises must be done in class.练习必须在课堂上做.This dictionary must be taken good care of.这本词典必须保管好.The time in class must be made good use of.上课的时间必须好好地利用.六、主动形式表示被动意(一)某些由及物动词转化来的不及物动词read,write,clean,wash,iron,burn,draw,cook,keep,cut,open,blow,peel,sell,act等,常和副词well,easily, smoothly等连用,且通常用主动结构表示被动含义.The pen writes well.这支笔很好写.(二)动词need,require,want,deserve,be worth后接v.-ing的主动结构常表被动含义This film is really worth seeing.这部电影的确值得看.The car needs cleaning.这辆汽车需要清扫了.(三)有些动词如:cook,print,do等,常用主动结构的进行时表被动含义The lunch is cooking.午饭正在烧.(四)某些系动词如feel,prove,smell,taste,sound等加上形容词,也可用主动语态表示被动意义.如:The food tastes delicious.这食物味道很美.七、主动语态变为被动语态的方法把主动语态的结构变为被动语态结构时,要做如下的变动:(一)主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语(二)主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态结构的谓语动词(be+动词的过去分词)(三)主动结构的主语变为介词“by”的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后.若动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时,by组成的短语就可以省略(四)主动语态变被动语态时,时态要保持一致(五)含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构,变为被动结构时,可以将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一个不动.一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,这样句子显得自然一些Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.阅览室的书和报纸都不能带走.This kind of bike is not made in our factory.这种自行车不是我们厂生产的.This picture can't have been drawn by him.这张画不可能是他画的.When was that book published?那本书是什么时候出版的?Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?会邀请我们参加开幕式吗?点拨(1)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语.若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for.常见的能接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的词有:give,show,bring,lend,send(送,寄)等,这些词与介词to 搭配.还有buy,make,draw(画画)等,这些词与介词for搭配.We gave them some books.我们给了他们一些书.They were given some books.(变间接宾语为主语)Some books were given(to)them.(变直接宾语为主语)(2)含有宾语补足语的句子,宾语变为主语后,宾语补足语改为主语补足语,原来的位置一般不变.但如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式,句子变成被动语态后则要加to,以便将两个动词隔开.We keep food cold in the fridge.=→Food is kept cold in the fridge.我们用电冰箱保鲜食品.Every day the tiger makes one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.＝→Every day one of the smaller animals was made to bring the tiger something to eat.老虎每天强迫一个小动物给他带吃的东西来.(3)短语动词的被动语态短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组,在被动结构中也是如此,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词.The nurse takes good care of the children.阿姨很好地照顾小孩.The children are taken good care of by the nurse.孩子们受到保姆很好的照顾.八、系表结构和被动语态的区别(一)系表结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时,而被动结构可用于多种时态(二)系表结构中的过去分词常常有其固定的介词搭配,被动结构则没有(三)系表结构中的过去分词可被very等副词修饰;被动结构中的过去分词可用much修饰.比较:The husband was very agitated about his wife's health.丈夫为他妻子的健康状况深感不安.(系表结构)Milk,meat,eggs and vegetables are produced in the farm.这个农场盛产牛奶、肉,鸡蛋和各种蔬菜.(被动结构)They were asked to speak at the meeting.他们被邀请在会议上讲话.(被动结构)He was puzzled about it.他为那件事感到困惑.(系表结构)九、不能使用被动语态的情况(一)某些表示状态的及物动词作谓语时常见的表示状态的及物动词有have(有),fit(适合),suit(适合),hold(容纳),cost(花费)等.The room can hold100people.这个房间能容纳100人.(二)宾语是反身代词或相互代词、表示地点或处所的名词时,不可用于被动语态在黑暗中我们几乎看不到对方.We could hardly see each other in the dark.(✓)Each other could hardly be seen in the dark.(x)(三)宾语是不定式短语或动名词时汤姆喜欢听音乐.Tom enjoys listening to music.(✓)Listening to music is enjoyed by Tom.(x)好题精练一、将下列句子变为被动语态1.Everybody respects the brave old man.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.We elected Comrade Li head of our workshop.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.She can translate the difficult sentence into English.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.We are turning China into a powerful industrial country.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.They asked her to tell a story.____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:1.The brave old man is respected by everybody.rade Li was elected head of our workshop(by us).3.The difficult sentence can be translated into English by her.4.China is being turned into a powerful industrial country(by us).5.She was asked to tell a story.二、将下列句子变成主动语态1.We were told an interesting story by our teacher yesterday afternoon.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.A kite is being made(by us)now.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.What was said by you at the meeting?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Our homework must be finished first.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.A hole should be dug for the young tree.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Will the trees be watered every day?____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:1.Our teacher told us an interesting story yesterday afternoon.2.We are making a kite now.3.What did you say at the meeting?4.We must finish our homework first.5.We should dig a hole for the young tree.6.Shall we water the trees every day?三、选择填空1.The lost boy_________this early morning.A.foundB.was foundC.is foundD.are found2.That factory_________in1970.A.builtB.was builtC.is builtD.were built3.This medicine_________before dinner.A.should have tookB.ought have takenC.should have been eatenD.should have been taken4.When the speaker entered the hall,all the listeners_________.A.had seatedB.were seatedC.seatedD.were seating5.Many trees_________in spring every year.A.plantB.plantedC.are plantedD.be planted6.The People's Republic of China_________on Oct.1,1949.A.was foundingB.was foundedC.was foundD.finded7.Our classroom_________every day.A.cleansB.be cleanedC.cleanedD.is cleaned8.A radio_________in everyday life.eB.is usedC.are usedD.was used9.Children in China_________since1949.A.are taken good careB.have taken care ofC.took good care ofD.have been taken good care of10.The patient is well_________.A.took care ofB.taken care ofC.taken careD.take care of11.The room was_________smoke.A.filled withB.filledC.fill withD.is filled with12.His new book_________next month.A.will be publishedB.is publishingC.is being publishedD.has been published13.The sun_________at night as usual.A.can be seenB.can't be seenC.can't seeD.doesn't see14.A strange sound_________last night.A.was heardB.hearsC.heardD.is heard15.The door_________.Better have it repaired.A.isn't shutB.hasn't been shutC.isn't be shutD.won't shut答案:1-5BBDBC6-10BDBDB11-15AABAD四、翻译下列句子1.应该在春天种树.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我的家乡将要建造许多大楼.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.教室必须每天清扫.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.这种书是为儿童写的.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.来信收到.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.这件外衣是棉的还是羊毛的?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.你的收音机三天内可以修好.8.黑板上的那匹马不可能是林涛画的.____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:1.Trees should be planted in spring.2.Many buildings will be built in my home town.3.The classroom must be cleaned every day.4.Such books are written for children.5.Your letter has been received.6.Is this coat made of cotton or wool?7.Your radio can be mended within three days.8.The hore on the blackboard can't be drawn by Lin Tao.。

人教版初三（上）英语第18讲：Unit 9语法（学生篇）Unit 9 语法篇____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________被动语态和定语从句1. 被动语态(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。

(2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。

一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的--I think a bridge(桥)______over the river.A. should be builtB.is being builtC. has been builtD. was built2. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people ________ wanted to kill him.A. whoseB. whichC. /D. who3.The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.A. thatB. whatC. whoseD. Who4.—Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?—I’m not sure. Is it in the hall _____ can hold 300 people?A.whereB. whatC. thatD. whe n5. Some old people like to live in a flat________ isnot very high.A. thatB. whoC. whatD. whose基础演练I.用适当的关系词填空(that、who、which、whom)1. Alice likes singers _________ write their own music.2. Generally, old people like music _______ is quiet and gentle.3. The girl ____________often helps me with my English is from England.4. This is the school in _______ I studied two years ago.5.The man _______ is talking with my father over there is our head teacher.II.按照要求写句子。

英语语法动词时态和语态的用法一、动词时态的用法动词时态是用来表示动作或状态发生的时间的形式。

英语中常用的动词时态有以下几种：1. 现在时态（Present Tense）现在时态表示现在的动作或状态。

它分为简单现在时、进行现在时和完成现在时三种形式。

简单现在时：用于表示经常性或普遍性的动作或状态。

e.g. She sings beautifully.她唱歌得很好听。

进行现在时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。

e.g. They are watching TV.他们正在看电视。

完成现在时：用于表示发生在过去并与现在有关的动作或状态。

e.g. I have finished my homework.我已经完成了作业。

2. 过去时态（Past Tense）过去时态表示过去的动作或状态，它同样分为简单过去时、进行过去时和完成过去时三种形式。

简单过去时：用于表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作或状态。

e.g. He went to the park yesterday.他昨天去了公园。

进行过去时：用于表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

e.g. They were playing soccer at that time.他们那时正在踢足球。

完成过去时：用于表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。

e.g. She had already left when I arrived.我到达时她已经离开了。

3. 将来时态（Future Tense）将来时态表示将来的动作或状态，它同样分为简单将来时、进行将来时和完成将来时三种形式。

简单将来时：用于表示将来某个具体时间将要发生的动作或状态。

e.g. We will go shopping tomorrow.我们明天将去购物。

进行将来时：用于表示将来某一时刻将正在进行的动作。

e.g. They will be eating dinner at 7 o'clock tomorrow.他们明天7点将在吃晚餐。

初三英语语法知识点总结归纳初三英语的语法知识点是英语学习的基础，以下是一些常见的初三英语语法知识点的总结和归纳：1. 动词时态：-一般现在时：用于表达习惯、常规或普遍事实。

-现在进行时：表示当前正在进行的动作。

-一般过去时：用于过去发生的动作或状态。

-过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

-将来时：用于表示将来发生的动作或计划。

2. 情态动词：如can、could、may、might、will、would、shall、should、must等，用于表示能力、许可、建议、义务等情态。

3. 被动语态：用于强调动作的承受者，构成为“be + 过去分词”。

4. 条件句：-第一条件句（真实条件句）：表示可能实现的条件和结果。

-第二条件句（虚拟条件句）：表示不太可能实现的条件和结果。

-第三条件句（虚拟条件句）：表示过去无法实现的条件和结果。

5. 定语从句：用于修饰名词的从句，关系代词包括who、which、whose、whom、that等。

6. 副词从句：用于修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句，常用引导词包括when、where、why、if、because等。

7. 名词性从句：从句在句中充当名词的角色，如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。

8. 形容词和副词比较级：用于表示比较程度，比如用more和most表示形容词和副词的比较级。

9. 直接和间接引语：用于引述别人的话，直接引语中使用引号，间接引语中改变时态和人称。

10. 冠词：不定冠词（a/an）用于泛指，定冠词（the）用于特指，零冠词用于泛指或抽象名词。

11. 可数名词和不可数名词：可数名词可以单数和复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式，表示不可分割的东西。

12. 形容词和名词的性数一致：形容词与名词在性别和数上要一致，如单数男性名词配合男性形容词。

13. 反身代词：用于表示某人做某事而影响到自己的代词，如myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves。

2014年中考英语试题分类汇编---动词的语态单选(学生版)【2014黄冈】---Claudia, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Saturday?---Unless I ______.A. will be invitedB. am invitedC. was invitingD. invited【2014长沙】---I am afraid that I can’t finish the task successfully. ---Don’t worry. You ______ plenty of time to do it.A. will be givenB. giveC. will give【2014河北】T he pet dog is warm and loving, It ______ as a daughter of my family.A. treatsB. treatedC. is treatedD. was treated【2014河南】When Tim _______ why he was late for school, he just kept silent.A. was askedB. askedC. was askingD. is asking【2014陕西】E very day, too much water _______ in ou r school. We should save it.A. is wastedB. wastesC. was wastedD. wasted【2014北京】A new hospital _______ in my town next year.A. buildsB. builtC. is builtD. will be built【2014南京】We’re sure that the environment in our city ______ greatly through our work in th e near future.A. improvedB. was improvedC. has improvedD. will be improved【2014鄂州】---The meeting _______ because of the smog in Northern China last week.---Oh, it’s too bad! W e should take action to improve the air quality.A. put outB. was put outC. put offD. was put off【2014昆明】---_______ free breakfasts _______in all schools in China? ---No, not yet. Only in the rural areas. A. Are; made B. Do; serve C. Are; served D. Do; make【2014湖北咸宁】---Food safety is very important. ---So some rules ______ to stop people from polluting food. A. must make B. must be made C. must made D. be made【2014重庆市B】Keep quiet, please! Talking _______ during the meeting.A. is not allowedB. is allowedC. doesn’t allowD. allows【2014杭州】To my great surprise, the famous athlete’s story ______ differently in the newspapers.A. was reportedB. reportedC. was reportingD. reports【2014宜宾】The terrorists (恐怖分子) in Xinjiang ______ last month.A. are caughtB. was caughtC. were caughtD. is caught【2014南昌】Many students ______ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big.A. don’t giveB. aren’t givenC. haven’t givenD. won’t give【2014天津】28. Look at our new school. It ______ last year.A. builtB. was builtC. is builtD. will be built【2014广州】He is very surprised that all the houses in the village ______ white.A. paintB. paintedC. are paintingD. are painted【2014宁波】I heard that Line I of Ningbo Subway ______ last month.A. was testedB. is testedC. testsD. tested【2014嘉兴】---Tell me one thing you’re proud of your junior high school, Tony.---I _______ as captain of the school football tea m.A. chooseB. choseC. am chosenD. was chosen【2014泰安】Hurry up ! Once the concern starts. Nobody ______ to enter the concert hall.A. allowsB. allowedC. is allowedD. is allowing【2014威海】---Tom! I looked for you everywhere at the party last night. ---Oh, I _______ to the party.A. am invitedB. was invitedC. am not invitedD. wasn’t invited【2014临沂】Three bridge _______ over the river five years ago.A. builtB. buildC. were builtD. are built2014铜仁】---Where is Mr. Zhao? ---He ______ to Mount Fanjing. He’ll come back ______ a week.A. has been; inB. has gone; afterC. has gone; inD. has been; after【2014河北】I’m busy now. I ______ to you after school this afternoon.A. talkB. talkedC. will talkD. have talked【2014黄冈】---I suppose you are at least 60 years old.---Thank you. I’m glad you ______ that. My real age is 362.A. sayB. saidC. are sayingD. were saying【2014连云港】Beijing and Zhangjiakou ________ applying to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in 2013. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun【2014长沙】---Your brother is an excellent basketball player. ---So he is. He to play basketball three years ago.A. has startedB. startsC. started【2014长沙】Little Tom computer games when his mother got home.A. is playingB. playsC. was playing【2014河北】44. I saw Ken in the meeting room, he ______ Joe for the school magazine.A. interviewsB. interviewedC. has interviewedD. was interviewing【2014河北】42. Monica, you ______ the exam! Congratulation!A. passB. have passedC. will passD. are passing【2014河北】Someone ______ at the door. Can you open it?A. knocksB. knockedC. is knockingD. was knocking【2014达州】---Have you ever _______ an amusement park?---Yes, I have. I ______ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.A. been to;have gone toB. gone to; have been t oC. go to; went toD. been to; went to【2014河南】24. ---Are you going anywhere?---I _______ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.A. thinkB. have thoughtC. will thinkD. thought【2014河南】33. ---Does the bus go to the beach?---No. You _______ the wrong way. You want the Number 11.A. goB. were goingC. are goingD. would go【2014陕西】On May 22, a Han taxi driver _______ an old lady to the hospital as soon as he could in Xinjiang.A. sentB. sendsC. is sendingD. has sent【2014黔西南州】I _______ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it.A. leftB. went away fromC. have leftD. have been away from 【2014北京】---What do you often do at weekends?---I often _______ my grandparents.A. visitB. visitedC. have visitedD. will visit【2014北京】---What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon?---I ______ the classroom.A. was cleaningB. have cleanedC. will cleanD. clean【2014北京】He _____ in this factory for 20 years already.A. will workB. worksC. has workedD. is working【2014南京】---Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour.---Because I ______ my task yet. I still need one more hour.A. won’t finishB. didn’t finishC. haven’t finishedD. hadn’t finished【2014鄂州】--- A new shop _______ for a week nearby. Let’s have a look there.--- Good idea. But it doesn’t ______ on Mondays.A. opened; openedB. has been opened; openC. has opened; openedD. has been open; open【2014扬州】---Has your friend completed his design?---Not yet. He _______ on it last night.A. workedB. has workedC. is workingD. was working【2014扬州】---Where is Mr. Wang?---He together with his students _______ Zhuyuwan Park.A. has gone toB. have gone toC. has been toD. have been to【2014扬州】---When will A Bite of China II begin tonight?---It _______ for ten minutes.A. will beginB. has begunC. will be onD. has been on【2014湖北咸宁】---Do you know Diaoyu Island?---Sure. It ______ China since ancient times.A. belongs toB. belonged toC. has belonged toD. is belonging to【2014重庆市A】---Where is your father?---He ______ the World Cup in the living room.A. is watchingB. watchesC. watchedD. will watch【2014重庆市A】In Chongqing, you can often see many pe ople dance outside together if it______ in the evening.A. rainsB. doesn’t rainC. will rainD. won’t rain【2014安徽】Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He ______ a speech there in two days.A. givesB. gaveC. will giveD. has given【2014安徽】As we all know, the Silk Ro ad ______ China to the west in ancient times.A. connectsB. connectedC. will connectD. is connecting【2014重庆市B】---Where is Linda? I can’t find her anywhere.---She ______ the flowers in the garden.A. watersB. is wateringC. wateredD. has watered【2014杭州】After Steven sent some e-mails, he ______ surfing the Internet.A. startsB. has startedC. will startD. started【2014天津】Robots _____more heavy work for us in the future.A. will doB. didC. have doneD. were doing【2014天津】---____ you ever_____ the new Minyuan Stadium?---No, I haven’t.A. Do; visitB. Have; visitedC. Did; visitD. Are; visiting【2014广州】Be quiet! The students ______ a physics test in the next room.A. hadB. have hadC. were havingD. are having【2014宜宾】Look! The police ______ the food onto the bank of the river.A. am carryingB. is carryingC. are carryingD. are carried【2014呼和浩特】My husband always ______ me flowers every week before we got married, butnow he never _______.A. sends; doesB. sent; doesC. was going to send; doD. sent; do【2014南昌】---You’re in a hurry. Where are you going?---To the cinema. Sue _______ for me outside.A. waitsB. waitedC. is waitingD. was waiting【2014南昌】---Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. ______ you ______ it?---Not yet. I'm doing it right now.A. Do; finishB. Had; finishedC. Will; finishD. Have ; finished 【2014苏州】---Do you think grandpa and grandma _______ late?---No, the train is usually on time.A. wereB. will beC. wasD. have been【2014甘肃白银】I want to know if an English Singing Competition ______ next month.A. will holdB. will be heldC. holdsD. is held【2014甘肃白银】The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _______ smaller and smaller.A. becomeB. are becomingC. is becomingD. have become【2014甘肃白银】She ______ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.A. marriedB. has been marriedC. got marriedD. has got married 【2014甘肃白银】It only _______ me half an hour _______ to school every day last term.A. takes; ridingB. spent; to rideC. cost; walkD. took; to walk【2014宁波】---Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?---No, because I _______ the story.A. readB. will readC. have readD. was reading【2014临沂】Turn off the water while you _______ your teeth or washing your hands.A. were brushingB. brushC. are brushingD. brushed【2014湖州】---The Amazing Spider Man 2 is on these days. It’s fantastic.---Really? But I _______ it yet.A. didn’t seeB. won’t seeC. haven’t seeD. is not seeing【2014温州】Alice likes doing housework. She _______ her room every afternoon.A. cleansB. cleanedC. will cleanD. has cleaned 【2014嘉兴】Tom _______ the piano every day when he was in primary school.A. playsB. playedC. was playingD. has played 【2014丽水】Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds. I’m afraid it _______.A. rainsB. is going to rainC. rainedD. was raining 【2014绍兴】---So you have watched the action movie, haven’t you?---Yes. I _______ it with my parents in Lu Xun Theater.A. watchB. watchedC. w ill watchD. am watching 【2014台州】---Have you ever been to the Great Wall?---Not yet. I _______ it this year.A. visitedB. have visitedC. was visitingD. will visit 【2014泰安】---Can you find our city _______ a lot in recent years?---Yes. The road is wider and the buildings are taller.A. has changedB. changesC. changedD. will change 【2014威海】---When will Diana arrive?---Oh, she _______. She is in the meeting room now.A. arrivesB. is arrivingC. arrivedD. has arrived 【2014滨州】---Jim isn’t in the classroom. Where is he now?---He _______ the library.A. will go toB. has been toC. has gone toD. goes to 【2014菏泽】---Have you finished your homework yet?---Yes. I _______ it twenty minutes ago.A. have studiedB. studiedC. will studyD. had studied 【2014菏泽】Look, so many people are running out of the station. I wonder what _______. A. is happened B. was happening C. is happening D. had happened 【2014聊城】---May I speak to Ann?---Sorry, she isn’t in. She _______ France.A. has gone toB. has been toC. was going toD. goes to 【2014潍坊】---Are Betty and Lingling still living in Beijing?---No, they _______ to Qingdao.A. will moveB. are movedC. have just movedD. move。

初中英语动词在各种时态中地变化规则在各种时态中，动词的变化规则如下：1. 现在时态（Simple Present Tense）：- 对于第三人称单数主语（如he, she, it），动词要加s或es。

例如：he walks, she eats。

- 其他主语使用动词原形。

例如：I walk, you eat。

2. 过去时态（Simple Past Tense）：- 动词一般情况下直接加-ed。

例如：played, watched。

- 结尾是e的单词只需要加-d。

例如：lived, loved。

- 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，将y改为ied。

例如：studied, tried。

3. 将来时态（Simple Future Tense）：- 使用will + 动词原形构成。

例如：I will go, he will eat。

4. 现在进行时态（Present Continuous Tense）：- 使用be动词的现在分词（动词+ing）形式，将be动词的变化与主语一致。

例如：I am walking, she is eating。

5. 过去进行时态（Past Continuous Tense）：- 使用be动词的过去分词（动词+ing）形式，将be动词的变化与主语一致。

例如：I was walking, she was eating。

6. 现在完成时态（Present Perfect Tense）：- 由have/has + 过去分词构成。

例如：I have played, he has watched。

7. 过去完成时态（Past Perfect Tense）：- 由had + 过去分词构成。

例如：I had played, he had watched。

8. 将来完成时态（Future Perfect Tense）：- 由will have + 过去分词构成。

例如：I will have played, he will have watched。

第五课时谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是中考考查的重点。

动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。

因此备考重点是：①动词时态的基本用法①动词语态的基本用法①主谓一致(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。

We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。

①表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。

The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。

①在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。

(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。

We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。

①时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。

He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。

(3)一般将来时①“will/shall＋动词原形”表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。

I shall call you as soon as I arrive.我一到就给你打电话。

They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.他们可能去上海度假。

①一般将来时的常用结构If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮助你的。

①表示一般将来时的特殊结构Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.看这些乌云，要下雨了。

When are you to leave/leaving for home?你什么时候回家？1.Before the sun, we need to get to the top of the mountain.A.setB.setsC.is settingD.will set2.—I don't know when he the airport tomorrow. If I get his flight number, I will let you know.—OK. Thank you.A.reachedB.will reachC.was reachingD.reaches3.—What did our geography teacher say?—She told us that the earth around the sun.A.movesB.movedC.has movedD.was moving4.—Guess what!I met Mrs. Brown in Tokyo!—Really?I she was writing a new book in her home in New York.A.will thinkB.thinkC.am thinkingD.thought5.—Don't drink wine, George. You home after the party.—OK, I won't. Thanks for your reminding.A.driveB.droveC.will driveD.have driven6.—you to ride a motorbike?—Yes. But last month I sold it and bought a car.A.Did;useB.Are;usedC.Do;useD.Did;used2．进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

初中英语语法——动词的语态讲解动词的语态知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：Many people speak English . ( 主动语态 )English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)1、被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be +及物动词的过去分词"构成。

助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。

被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：肯定句：主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by…）eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).否定句：主语+ be not +过去分词+（by…）eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?现以动词 give 为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下：3、被动语态的用法：1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

例如：This jacket is made of cotton.English is spoken in many countries in the world.2） 强调动作的承受者时。

如：The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。