小语种西班牙语专业八级考试笔试真题2011年 (1)

格式：docx
大小：36.26 KB
文档页数：11

下载文档原格式

2011年英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版

小语种西班牙语专业八级考试口语真题2011年 (1)

小语种西班牙语专业八级考试口语真题2011年(总分：20.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Traduce oralmente el texto al espa?ol(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.随着全球化趋势不断加强，各国的经济联系越来越密切。

经济欠发达国家的居民大量进入发达国家，寻找薪酬更高的工作和实现自我的机会。

大量移民定居异国他乡使文化融合成为可能，但也有一些学者对此表示怀疑。

2004年4月，哈佛大学教授塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿(Samuel P．Huntington)出版了名为《我们是谁：对美国国家认同的挑战》(Quiénes somos: los desafíos a la identidad nacional americana)的新著。

他认为，以讲西班牙语的人为主体、尤以墨西哥人为代表的移民潮，在美国历史上前所未有。

他们人数众多，集中聚居，对融入关国社会没有兴趣，拒绝接受美利坚民族的盎格鲁一新教(angloprotestante)信仰。

这些拉关裔移民不仅改变着美国人口的面貌和结构，而且改变着它的文化和价值观。

亨延顿警告说，不断流入的拉美裔移民形成了自己的政治和语言飞地(enclave)，使得美国有分裂成两个分别拥有两种不同文化、使用两种不同语言的国家的危险。

亨廷顿的著作引发了美国学界的争论。

不少学者认为他的观点言过其实，有明显的排外(xenofobia)倾向。

他们指出，移民融入当地社会的问题非常复杂，很难从短期和表面的现象中得出恰当的结论。

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Gracias a (Debido a, A medida de) la intensificación de la globalización, los vínculos económicos entre países se vuelven cada vez más estrechos. Millones de habitantes de los países menos desarrollados se trasladan a los desarrollados en busca de trabajo mejor pagado y oportunidades para realizarse. El que gran cantidad de emigrantes se instalen en el extranjero supone una oportunidad para (hace posible) el mestizaje cultural. Sin embargo, también hay académicos que se muestran dudosos al respecto.En abril de 2004, Samuel P. Huntington, catedrático de la Universidad Harvard, publicó su nueva obra titulada Quiénes somos: los desafíos a la identidad nacional americana. Cree que a lo largo de su historia, Estados Unidos nunca ha conocido un oleaje migratorio como el que protagoniza la población de habla hispana, con los mexicanos como representantes. Son muchos en número, viven concentrados (reunidos) en sus propios barrios, carecen de interés en (por) integrarse en (a) la comunidad local, y rechazan la creencia angloprotestante de la nación estadounidense. No s ólo están cambiando el aspecto y la composición demográficos de Estados Unidos, sino también su cultura y sus conceptos de valor. Huntington advierte que los inmigrantes de origen latinoamericano, que llegan sin cesar, han creado sus propios enclaves político y lingüístico, lo cual amenaza con dividir Norteamérica en dos naciones de (con) dos culturas y dos lenguas. La obra de Huntington ha provocado un debate grande en el círculo académico norteamericano. No pocos estudiosos consideran que su punto de vista es exagerado y que muestra una obvia inclinaci ón de (a) la xenofobia. Han se ? alado que la integración de los inmigrantes en la sociedad local es algo muy complicado, por lo que resulta muy difícil sacar conclusiones adecuadas partiendo de fenómenos aparentes y de corto plazo.。

2011年英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版

2011年专八真题部分解析

听力TIPS：(1) 根据原文中一句“A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance.”可知答案。

(2) 根据原文“What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention is paid to what's happening in and around the message than to the message itself.”可知答案。

(3) 根据原文“Generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because this greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closene ss to people.”可得出答案。

(4) 根据原文“And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language.”可得出答案。

(5) 根据原文“People in high-context cultures, are considered to have, what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time.”可得出答案。

(6) 根据原文“A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event or the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context.”可得出答案。

2011专八真题解析

英语专业八级2011年试题答案及解析第一部分听力理解SECTION A MINI-LECTURE1. outside the message【解析】细节题。

这篇讲座主要介绍不同文化之间的差异。

文中提到“What this means is that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what's happening in and around the message than to the message itself.”可知人们更看重信息之外的含义。

2. the context【解析】细节题。

根据原文“What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention is paid to what's happening in and around the message than to the message itself.”以及下文“the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself. And part of the context is body language.”可知高语境文化中，人们更看重信息所处的语境，而不是信息本身。

3. involvement / closeness to people【解析】细节题。

由原文“in terms of personal space, generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because there's greater dependence on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closeness to people.”可知，在高语境环境中，人们相互之间更加贴近，不太重视私人空间。

西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案

西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案求学的三个条件是：多观察、多吃苦、多研究。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!现代奥运会之父顾拜旦(Coubertin)出生于巴黎的`一个贵族家庭。

父母希望他成为军人，但他却决定进入巴黎大学学习教育学。

他坚信体育锻炼对塑造性格有重要作用，主张改革法国的教育制度，在学生中积极推广竞技游戏。

1891年，在访问了古奥运会遗址的一年之后，他提出创办现代奥运会的想法，并希望以此增进各国运动员之间的友谊，促进人类和平。

经过顾拜旦多年的努力，第一届现代奥运会于1896年4月在希腊举行。

到1937年逝世为止，顾拜旦为奥运会事业奋斗了50余年。

可以说，在奥运会恢复初期，要是没有他的不懈努力，这项当今世界最大的体育盛会有可能再次推出历史的舞台。

更重要的是，虽然希腊人强调雅典应该是奥运会的永久主办地，但顾拜旦坚持认为奥运会属于全世界，应在不同国家举办。

正是因为他的坚持，奥运会的影响才不断扩大。

El padre de los Juegos Olmpicos de l aera modernaCoubertin naci en una familia aristcrata parisina. Sus padres deseaban que fuera militar, pero l decidi ir a estudiar pedagoga en la Universidad de Pars. Convencido de que los ejercicios deportivos jugaban un importante papel en la formacin de la personalidad humana, abogaba por reformar el sistema educativo de Francia, promoviendo activamente juegos competitivos entre los escolares. En 1891, un ao despus de su visita a los restos de la sede de las antiguas Olimpiadas, plante la idea de crear los Juegos Olmpicos modernos, esperando que stosfomentaron la amistad entre los deportistas de todo el mundo, as mismo contribuyen a la paz de la humanidad. Tras muchos aos de su esfuerzo, la primera Olimpiada moderna logr celebrarse en Grecia en abril de 1896.Hasta su fallecimiento en 1937, Coubertin luch más de 50 aos por la empresa olmpica. Se puede decir que, sin sus esfuerzos persistentes a comienzos del renacimiento de los Juegos Olmpicos, este gran encuentro deportivo más importante del mundo de hoy se habra retirado de nuevo del escenario histrico. Lo más importante fue que, aunque los griegos reclamaban su sede perpetua para Atenas, Coubertin sostena que los Juegos Olmpicos pertenencan a todo el mundo y que deba celebrarse en distintos pas. Fue por su insistencia por la que los Juegos Olmpicos fueron extendiendo su influencia.Texto 3UN IDIOMA DIFERENTEElías Gábalo era un buen tipo. Trabajado r, honesto, dadivoso. No tenía mayores ambiciones,pero aspiraba a una vida tranquila, con una buena mujer al lado, varios hijos, cierto bienestar,en ﬁ n, nada del otro mundo. Y Elías Gábalo empezó por encontrar esa buena mujer con la que soñaba. Era una ch ica educada, habilidosa, discreta, honrada y, sobre todas las cosas, muy trabajadora. Le encantaba la cocina. Elías Gábalo era feliz. Había encontrado su alma gemela.Él adoraba comer. Y comer bien.El primer año de casados todos sus regalos eran en función del arte culinario. Y el segundo, también. Y el tercero. Emilita –ese era su nombre–gobernaba en la cocina con todos los elementos que cualquier ama de casa pudiera soñar.Y allí estaba Emilita, siempre ﬁ rme en la cocina entre zapallos, perejil, dientesde ajo, pimentones o nuez moscada. Nada la hacía más feliz que revolver el caldo o espesar la salsa. Y Elías Gábalo le festejaba todos y cada uno de sus riquísimos platos.–¿Qué comemos hoy?–era el saludo habitual de Elías Gábalo a su mujer. Y no porque n o la quisiera. Al contrario, la adoraba. Pero le parecía que con esa pregunta todo estaba dicho:“Buen día, mi amor, te quiero mucho, te extrañé tanto, ¿qué sorpresa me espera?”. Y Emilita así lo interpretaba también porque inmediatamente contestaba –como si fuera un disco– el nombre del plato que había preparado.Al principio eran cosas fáciles, claro. Pero a medida que transcurría el tiempo y ella se perfeccionaba, los platos iban soﬁsticándose más y más. Y el diálogo entre ellos también. Si bien su conv ersación siempre había girado alrededor de la comida, de los ingredientes, las salsas, hortalizas o hierbas aromáticas, algunas veces mechaban con algún comentario del barrio, de la familia, de la situación general del país. Pero poco a poco el tema de con versación se fue reduciendo, estrechando, limitando a una sola y única cosa: la gastronomía.Se habían fabricado un diccionario tan insólito, que los vecinos cuando presenciaban un diálogo entre ellos –por casualidad–permanecían atónitos, perplejos. Los c onsideraban totalmente insanos. Alguno aventuró a anotar en una libretita los signiﬁ cados de ciertas palabras. Había descubierto, por ejemplo, que “hacer picadillo”quería decir “hace frío”,y “cortar rodajitas”, “hace calor”, “carne mechada” era “buenos días” y “huevos rellenos”,“buenas noches”. Y así siguiendo.El barrio entero estaba intrigado con los Gábalo. Una extraña fascinación los dominaba a todos. Por lo tanto, se dedicaron a espiarlos. Entonces se percataron de que Emilita, por ﬁ n, merceda los ruegos de madre y suegra, había quedado embarazada. ¿Dejaría un poco la cocina ahora que estaba así? ¿Dejaría de comer tanto? Milagrosa y misteriosamente Emilita dejóde atender la cocina. Estaba embelesada con el bebé que pronto llegaría. Elías Gábalo, en cambio, no se conformaba. Quería comer. Y tenía que soportar, sin embargo, la visión de montones de pañales, mamaderas, baberos, pañoletas, colchitas, sonajeros, etc. Y cuando reclamaba su bocado, su sostén vital, la razón de su vida, Emilita le alcanzaba un biberón con leche por todo alimento. ¡Ah! no, Elías Gábalo no podía tolerar tamaña impertinencia. Tan luego a él. Él, que se había desvivido por comprarle todos los elementos culinarios imaginables. Él, que había agrandado la cocina hasta convertirla en la única habitación de la casa.No, no y no. Esto no podía ser. Ya iba a ver Emilita. Y así fue cómo un día se levantó de la cama, salió de la cocina, se puso la “cacerola”, dijo “achicoria” y se fue. Y no volvió. A la hora señalada, Emilita tuvo su niño. Una criatura rozagante, rellenita, de tez rosada. Y el parto fue normal. Al principio Emilita estaba tan entretenida con su retoño, que no reparó en la falta de Elías Gábalo, pero en cuanto comenzaron a salirle dientes al niño (acto que vino acompañado de un hambre feroz y no había comida que le alcanzara), comenzó a sentir nostalgia de su media naranja.【西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案】。

西班牙语专八考试真题

Por VV. AA.
Una de las plticas de mayor impacto y continuidad para orientar y regular el desempeno del personal academico de tiempo completo en las universidades publicas del pais esta sustentada en los programas disenados para premiar, mediante cuotas de sobresueldo, la productividad academica expresada bisicamente en el numero y la calidad de los productos de investigacion, asi como la actividad docente. medida por el numero de asignaturas. tutorias y tesis dirigidas. (12)
A. la OTAN
B. la UNESCO
C. la CEE
D. la OMC
6. Actualmente tres economias latinoamericanas forman parte del Foro de Cooperacion Economica Asia-Pacifico (APEC): Mexico, Chile y_____
Texto I
Lee el texto y responde a las preguntas 11-15. Selecciona las opciones correctas y marcalas en la Hoja de respuestas. (7.5/100 1.5x5)

2011年专8真题答案（含听力材料）

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)-GRADE EIGHT-TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2011)-GRADE EIGHT-2011年英语专业八级参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension—Section A Mini-lecture1. and significance2. the context\ what is doing3. closeness to people4. body language5. polychronic6. in itself7. personal space8. monochrome9. lateness10. multicultural situationSECTION B INTERVIEW 1-5 BDACB SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST 6-10 ACBAD PART II Reading Comprehension11-15 ABCAB 16-20 ABACA 21-25 DDCCA 26-30 DBACBPART III General Knowledge 31-35BDABD 36-40 CACACPART VI Proofreading & Error Correction1. grew 后加up2. conscience 改成consciousness3. soon 改成sooner4. the 去掉5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable6. imaginative 改成imaginary7. literal 改成literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加in 10. Therefore, 改成NeverthelessPart V Translation—Section A Chinese To EnglishBeing hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are“at ease”or“in a rush”.For example, we’re enjoying our holidays in the resort while suenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work—so at this moment the modern, convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features—and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious state of mind.Section B English to Chinese飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时。

2011年专八真题及参考答案!

1.B Declining capacity to learn syntax2.D Difficulty stems from either difference pr similarity3.A The traditional method4.C The monitor hypothesis5.B Differences between mother tongue and a second language6.A Greyhound is Britain's largest bus and train operator7.C Fires near the capital were the biggest8.B Troops were brought to help firefighters9.A Few job opportunities in Mexco 10.D the ceconomic downturn in the U.S. TEXT A 11.A the family structure 12.B English working class homes have spacious sitting rooms 13.C stark 14. A togetherness 15. B constant pressure from the state TEXT B 16. A it further explains high-tech hubris 17. B slow growth of the US economy 18. A integrated the use of paper and the digital form 19. C more digital data use leads to greater paper use 20. A he review the situation from different perspectives TEXT C 21.D because Britons are still conscious of their class status 22. D income is unimportant in determining which class one belongs to 23. C Occupation and class are no longer related to each other 24. C fewer types of work 25. A showing modesty TEXD D 26. D awkwardness 27. B luxurious 28. A they the couple as an object of fun 29. C sweeping over the horizon, a precipice30. B the couple feel ill at ease 附：2011 年英语语语八语考语语语语理解部分（影印版）真2011 年语八语语考答案（改语部分）真参源：来语思英语日期：2011-03-05 语语18017 次作者: 语语0 条语划已用启语入语语投稿语思英语语者按：2011 年3 月5 日英语语语八语考语语束后，语思英语语语相语语家语考语做相网即语分析，周玉亮老语语语其中今年语八考语改语和校语部分语语源至真来George Orwell 作品Why I Write 的第一二段，大家不用再语语上各语版本的答案。

2011年专业八级真题及答案详细

2011年英语全真试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully a nd then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. Changes in the size of the World Bank’ s operations re fer to ___.A. the expansion of its loan programmeB. the inclusion of its hard loansC. the inclusion of its soft loansD. the previous lending policies2. What actually made the Bank change its overall lending strategy?A. Reluctance of people in poor countries to have small families.B. Lack of basic health services and inequality in income distribution.C. The discovery that a low fertility rate would lead to economic development.D. Poor nutrition and low literacy in many poor countries of the world.3. The change in emphasis of the Bank’s lending policies meant that the Bank would ___.A. be more involved in big infrastructure projectsB. adopt similar investment strategies in poor and rich countriesC. embark upon a review of the investment in huge dams and steel millsD.invest in projects that would benefit the low-income sector of society4. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the bank?A. Colossal travel expenses of its staff.B. Fixed annual loans to certain countries.C. Limited impact of the Bank’s projects.D. Role as a financial deal maker.5. Throughout the talk, the speaker is ___ while introducing the Wor ld Bank.A. biasedB. unfriendlyC. objectiveD. sensationalSECTION B CONVERSATIONQuestions 6 to 10 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation yo u will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the conversatio n.6. The man sounds surprised at the fact that ___.A. many Australians are taking time off to travelB. the woman worked for some time in New ZealandC. the woman raised enough money for travelD. Australians prefer to work in New Zealand7. We learn that the woman liked Singapore mainly because of its ___.A. cleannessB. multi-ethnicityC. modern characteristicsD. shopping opportunities8. From the conversation we can infer that Kaifeng and Yinchuan impressed the woman with their ___.A. respective locationsB. historic interestsC. ancient tombsD. Jewish descendants9. Which of the following words can best describe the woman’s feelings a bout Tibet?A. Amusement.B. Disbelief.C. Ecstasy.D. Delig ht10. According to the conversation, it was that made the woman ready to stop traveling.A. the unsettledness of travelB. the difficulties of trekkingC. the loneliness of travelD. the unfamiliar environmentSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 and 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.11. Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he ___.A. violated the traffic lawB. illegally attacked a boxerC. attacked sb. after a traffic accidentD. failed to finish his contract12. The license granted to Tyson to fight will be terminated ___.A. by the end of the yearB. in over a yearC. in AugustD. in a few weeksQuestion 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.13. The Russian documents are expected to draw great attention because ___.A. they cover the whole story of the former US presidentB. the assassin used to live in the former Soviet UnionC. they are the only official documents released about KennedyD. they solved the mystery surrounding Kennedy’s assassinationQuestion 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. New listen to the news.14. In the recent three months, Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has ___.A. increased slowlyB. decreased graduallyC. st a yed steadyD. become unpredictable15. According to the news, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Business conditions have worsened in the past three months.B. The past three months have seen a declining trend in job offers.C. The rise of unemployment rate in some sectors equals the fall in others.D. The unemployment rate in all sectors of the economy remains unchanged.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.The Press ConferenceThe press conference has certain advantages. The first advantage lies with the(1)___ nature of the event itself; public officials are supposed to 1.___submit to scrutiny by responding to various questions at a press conference.Secondly, statements previously made at a press conference can be used as a(2)___ in judging following statements or policies. Moreover, in case 2.___of important events, press conferences are an effective way to break the newsto groups of reporters.However, from the point of view of (3)___, the press conference 3.___possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its(4)___ and news source. 4.___The provider virtually determines the manner in which a press conferenceproceeds. This, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n)(5)___ , as can 5.___be seen on live broadcasts of news conferences.Factors in getting valuable information preparation: a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter;—(6)___ of the news source: 6.___1 ) news source’ s (7)___ to7.___provide information;2)news-gathering methods.Conditions under which news reporters cannot trust the informationprovided by a news source— not knowing the required information;— knowing and willing to share the information, but without(8)___ skills; 8.___— knowing the information, but unwilling to share;— willing to share, but unable to recall.(9)___ of questions asked 9.___Ways of improving the questions:no words with double meanings;no long questions;— specific time, place, etc.;— (10) questions; 10.___— clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.改错Part ⅡProofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in thefollowing way. For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word y ou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitDuring the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1.___they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.___favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.___not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.___were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5.___On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.___but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.___least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.___appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.___buy, sell, and set prices.阅读理解APart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make i tself into anentertain ment centre. ” say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now t he thinki ng is that we should try, to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a fami ly destination again.” To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mil d ly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nati ons to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness wi thin ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of conte nding that many of its most popular beaches were not swimming beaches at all. Be cause of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and most people don ’ t go in above their knees anyway-and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the y ear, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain ha d hardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in w hich Luxembourg had mere listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the Uni ted Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the se a. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European U nion, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the who le of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1 996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front me re visually attractive. The promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, ha d become increasingly tatty and neglected. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul anyway, ”says Wood, “so we decided to make aestheti c imp rovements at the same time, to try to draw people back to it.” Blackpool rec e ntly spent about $1.4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seat ing around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further $ 15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years a go is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious enough to accommodate comforta bly the entire populace of northern England. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it,“ you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that c rowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Bl ackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a san dcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.” W elsby said. “You can’t imagine i t now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summe r. I counted just 13 people scattered along a half mile or so of open sand. Exce pt for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is li ke this nearly always now.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we w er e young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children don ’t want the beach. They want arcade games and rides in helico pters and goodness kn ows what else.” She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see thos e days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I po inted out.“For the moment, ”Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to th e town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an invita t ion to a hear t attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was se tting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water h iss where it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the str eets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of d usk the town looked peaceful and happy — enchanting even — and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I r ealized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool ___.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standar ds of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxumbourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizin g. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Mal aysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each ca se investors——mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans——all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a co mbined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked in vestors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to conve rt baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and compa nies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support th eir currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bu st from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’ s plit the difference—— and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches, the catchphrase“ crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something r eal: excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did l ead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asia n business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence . But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investme nts that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainl y on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia s eemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things ha ve started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recov e ry——and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all —— a s proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF cli ents have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia —— which refused IM F help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls ——also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, claims full cr e dit for any good news——even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bo ttomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably concl ude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of t he IMF’s adv i ce made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, ban king reform ——whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative po wers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who p urported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were l ike medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you me an by “full”. South Korea’s industrial production is already above its pre-cr isi s level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korea n industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsa yer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the w riter’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full reco very of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the per manent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migrat ion means all theways——from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakis tan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solutio n , everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable eco n omic and political turmoil, has been called“ one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventu re of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet , shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes, ”said Spencer Wells. The bo ok he’s trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written , and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three collea gues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the p eople he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans t o find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basi c story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early huma ns hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have c ontinued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most resea rchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the E arth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, hum an beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions wi thout having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second , as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed betw een groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the pla net; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved t oward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that th en became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. F or a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in th e great world events. ”Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a prof essor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration . Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and ma de new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousand s or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivor s anywhere they could replant hope. “It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s just a fac t of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the foll owing reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the pas sage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colon izers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events an d migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. rem oteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at leas t of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has o ccurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many ar tists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which th eir work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. T he thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create condition s in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribut ion, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course thi ngs are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and thes e individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways a nd in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to m ake his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language its elf, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institution s through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his act ual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication s ystem outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication syste m which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this ki nd of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they fi rst show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that a ctive composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of pu tting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. Thisis always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot e xplain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals ha d in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of fe e ling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that t ime to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society an d the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creativ e work is that ___.A. they cave about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORR ECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the publ ic.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of i nternal communication syste m.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of socie ty.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individu als feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC. have little in common with the society of the timeD. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the society阅读理解BSECTION BTEXT EFirst read the question.31. The purpose of the passage is to ___.A. review some newly-published interior-design booksB. explore the potential market for interior-design booksC. persuade people to buy some good booksD. stress the importance of reading good booksNow go through TEXT E quickly to answer question 31.。

2011年专八真题答案

2011年专八真题答案1. outside the message2. the context 或 what is happening3. closeness to people4. body language5. different6. in the message7. the action8. monochromic9. lateness10. importance2011年专八听力参考答案：1-5 BDACB 6-10 ACBAD2011年专八阅读参考答案：11-15 ABDAB 16-20 DBACA 21-25 DBCCA 26-30 DBACB2011年专八人文知识参考答案：31. B) 英国最北部：Scotland；32. D) 第一个到澳洲的人：Dutch；33. A) 枫叶之国：Canada；34. B) The Common Sense的作者：Thomas Paine35. D) Virginia Woolf：Novelist；36. C) 历史叙事诗：Epic37. A) 探讨20世纪American Myth的文学作品：The Great Gatsby38. C）探讨语言和思维的学科：Cognitive Linguistics39. A) 元音和辅音的区别：Obstruction of the air stream;40. C) 推动多种语言使用：Multilingualism2011年专八改错参考答案：1. grew 后加 up2. conscience 改成 consciousness3. soon 改成 sooner4. the child 中间加 middle5. disagreeing 改成 disagreeable6. imaginative 改成 imaginary7. literal 改成 literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加 in10. Therefore, 改成 Nevertheless2011年专八汉译英参考答案：Being hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are “at ease” or “in a rush”.For example, we are enjoying our holidays in the resort while suddenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work----so at this moment the modern, convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features---and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious state of mind.2011年专八英译汉参考答案：当飞机飞越尼泊尔的上空，你的想象力很容易开始翱翔，你很小，就像一只小蝴蝶，飞在一幅三维的建筑地形图上，那些环绕着每个高脊的梯田就像图中环形的等高线。

2011年英语专八考试真题及答案

2011年英语专八考试真题及答案IntroductionThe 2011 English Proficiency Test Level 8 (专八) is an important examination in China, designed to assess individuals' English language skills at an advanced level. In this article, we will explore the genuine questions from the 2011 exam and provide detailed answers for each question. With a focus on comprehension, grammar, and writing, this guide aims to help test-takers understand the structure and requirements of the exam better.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionPassage 1: The Importance of BilingualismIn this passage, the author discusses the benefits of being bilingual and provides examples of how bilingualism can positively impact various aspects of life, such as better job opportunities and enhanced cognitive abilities. The passage also addresses common misconceptions about bilingualism.Passage 2: The Impact of Climate ChangeThis passage explores the topic of climate change, focusing on its effects on the environment, ecosystems, and human health. It highlights the urgency of addressing climate change and the importance of global cooperation in mitigating its impacts.Section 2: Vocabulary and GrammarQuestion 1: Fill in the BlanksIn this question, candidates are required to fill in the blanks with the appropriate vocabulary words or phrases. The context of the passage provides clues to help determine the correct answers.Question 2: Sentence TransformationCandidates are given a sentence and are required to transform it according to the instructions given. This tests their ability to manipulate sentence structures and demonstrates their understanding of various grammar rules.Section 3: WritingQuestion 1: Essay WritingCandidates are asked to write an essay on a given topic within a specified word limit. The topic may require them to express their opinions, argue a particular viewpoint, or analyze a given situation. Test-takers are expected to demonstrate their ability to organize their thoughts, structure their essay coherently, and use appropriate vocabulary and grammar.Question 2: Letter WritingIn this section, candidates are asked to write a formal or informal letter based on a given scenario. The prompts may require them to express gratitude, make a complaint, or provide advice. Test-takers should demonstrate their ability to use appropriate language and format for the chosen type of letter.ConclusionIn this article, we have provided an overview of the 2011 English Proficiency Test Level 8, focusing on the reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, and writing sections. By understanding the structure and content of the exam, test-takers can better prepare themselves for success. However, it is essential to remember that studying and practicing consistently are the keys to achieving a high score in the exam.。

西班牙语专八考试翻译及参考答案(一)

西班牙语专八考试翻译及参考答案（一）西班牙语学习：西班牙语专八考试翻译及参考答案（一）西班牙语练习技巧提升课程西班牙语专八一般是在大四的3月份考，口语测试采用视译形式。

考生自拿到试卷起准备5分钟，之后在7分钟内将一篇320字左右的中文短文口头翻译成西班牙语。

马克思回来了金融危机席卷全球。

就在世界各大旅游胜地游客数量骤减时，一座2000多年历史的德国小城却成了欧洲最热门的旅游胜地。

它就是位于德国西南边陲的特里尔市（Tréveris）。

190年前。

卡尔•马克思（Carlos Marx）就出生在这里。

迄今为止，金融风暴导致美国多家大银行垮台，美国国会通过了7000亿美元的救市计划。

包括德国在内的许多欧洲国家也不得不拿出巨额资金救助本国金融业以避免世界性的经济大萧条。

随着金融危机日益加深，欧洲人渐渐开始思考资本主义打来了什么？它是否走到了尽头？于是，马克思1867年写成的《资本论》在多年被人遗忘之后，2008年夏天在德国变成了畅销书，并将成为“最佳圣诞礼物”。

“马克思又回来了”，德国一家出版社经理兴高采烈地说。

最近，《资本论》大受欢迎，甚至有西方媒体开玩笑称：“如果马克思还在世的话，仅凭版税收入，他就能跻身福布斯排行版。

”El Retorno de MarxLa crisis financiera arrasa (recorre) elmundo.Mientras los lugares de gran interés turístico del mundo ven cómo sereduce drásticamente el número de turistas, una pequeña ciudad alemana, de másde 2000 años historias, se ha convertido en el sitio más visitado de Europa. EsTréveris, ciudad fronteriza del suroeste del país, donde nació Carlos Marx hace190 años.Hasta la actualidad, la tormenta financieraha dejado en quiebra varios grandes bancos de Estados Unidos. El Congresoestadounidense ha tenido que aprobar (dar la luz verde a ) el plan de rescatede 700 mil millones de dórales, y muchos países europeos, incluida Alemania, sehan visto obligados a socorrar su setor financiero con gran monto de capital paraevitar una recesión mundial. A medida que la crisis se vuelve cada vez másprofunda, los europeos van empezando a reflexionar qué les ha traido elcapitalismo y si éste ha llegado a su fin. Por lo tanto , en Alemania, trasmuchos años de quedar en olvido, El Capital de Marx, escrito en 1867, seconvirtió en el libro más vendido del verano de 2008 y será ¨el mejor regalo deNavidad¨. ¨Marx ha vuelto¨ dijo muy alegre el gerente de una editoral alemana,porque últimamente la venta de la edición de esta casa ha sido 100 veces de lade 1990. Actualmente, la obra tiene tan buena acogida que algunos mediosoccidentales han llegado a decir en broma: ¨Si Marx siguiera vivo, sólo por elcobro de derechos de autor figuraría en la lista de Forbes.¨对于翻译这种题型就是要自己写，多练习，对积累，只有这样才能更好的进行西班牙语学习。

2011年专八真题及参考答案

1.B Declining capacity to learn syntax2.D Difficulty stems from either difference pr similarity3.A The traditional method4.C The monitor hypothesis5.B Differences between mother tongue and a second language6.A Greyhound is Britain's largest bus and train operator7.C Fires near the capital were the biggest8.B Troops were brought to help firefighters9.A Few job opportunities in Mexco10.D the ceconomic downturn in the U.S.TEXT A11. A the family structure12. B English working class homes have spacious sitting rooms13. C stark14. A togetherness15. B constant pressure from the stateTEXT B16. A it further explains high-tech hubris17. B slow growth of the US economy18. A integrated the use of paper and the digital form19. C more digital data use leads to greater paper use20. A he review the situation from different perspectivesTEXT C21. D because Britons are still conscious of their class status22. D income is unimportant in determining which class one belongs to23. C Occupation and class are no longer related to each other24. C fewer types of work25. A showing modestyTEXD D26. D awkwardness27. B luxurious28. A they the couple as an object of fun29. C sweeping over the horizon, a precipice30. B the couple feel ill at ease附：2011年英语专业八级考试真题阅读理解部分（影印版）2011年专八真题参考答案（改错部分）来源：爱思英语日期：2011-03-05 阅读18017 次作者: 评论0条划词已启用进入论坛投稿爱思英语编者按：2011年3月5日英语专业八级考试结束后，爱思英语网即组织相关专家对考题做相关分析，周玉亮老师发现其中今年专八考试改错和校对部分真题来源至George Orwell作品Why I Write的第一二段，大家不用再纠结与网上各种版本的答案。

2011年专八真题及答案详解

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)GRADE EIGHT TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.Classifications of CulturesAccording to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.I. High-context cultureA. feature- context: more important than the message- meaning: (1)__________i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itselfB. examples- personal space- preference for (3)__________- less respect for privacy / personal space- attention to (4)___________- concept of time- belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time- no concern for punctuality- no control over timeII. Low-context cultureA. feature- message: separate from context- meaning: (6)___________B. examples- personal space- desire / respect for individuality / privacy- less attention to body language- more concern for (7)___________- attitude toward time- concept of time: (8)____________- dislike of (9)_____________- time seen as commodityIII. ConclusionAwareness of different cultural assumptions- relevance in work and lifee.g. business, negotiation, etc.- (10)_____________ in successful communicationSECTION B INTERVIEW/CONVERSATION In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now, listen to the interview.1. According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more difficult after a certain age?A. Differences between two languages.B. Declining capacity to learn syntax.C. Lack of time available.D. Absence of motivation.2. What does the example of Czech speakers show?A. It's natural for language learners to make errors.B. Differences between languages cause difficulty.C. There exist differences between English and Czech.D. Difficulty stems from either difference or similarity.3. Which of the following methods does NOT advocate speaking?A. The traditional method.B. The audiolingual method.C. The immersion method.D. The direct method.4. Which hypothesis deals with the role of language knowledge in the learning process?A. The acquisition and learning distinction hypothesis.B. The comprehensible input hypothesis.C. The monitor hypothesis.D. The active filter hypothesis.5. Which of the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview?A. Causes of language learning difficulties.B. Differences between mother tongue and a second language.C. Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning.D. Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Greyhound is Britain's largest bus and train operator.B. Currently Greyhound routes in Britain are limited.C. The coach starts from London every hour.D. Passengers are offered a variety of services.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.7. What does the news item say about the fires in Greece?A. Fires only occurred near the Greek capital.B. Fires near the capital caused casualties.C. Fires near the capital were the biggest.D. Fires near the capital were soon under control.8. According to the news, what measure did authorities take to fight the fires?A. Residents were asked to vacate their homes.B. Troops were brought in to help the firefighters.C. Air operations and water drops continued overnight.D. Another six fire engines joined the firefighting operation. Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the current decline in the Mexican economy?A. Fewer job opportunities in Mexico.B. Strong ties with the U.S. economy.C. Decline in tourism.D. Decline in tax revenues.10. Drop in remittances from abroad is mainly due to _________.A. declining oil productionB. the outbreak of the H1N1 fluC. the declining GDP in MexicoD. the economic downturn in the U.S.PART II READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AWhenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishman's home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, does not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and creates a cocoon of comfort.That was the way we lived in Leeds.These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typically, a small and crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stairs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few ill-lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children and his parents, there is nothing to keep the southern man at home. He hurries out, taking even his breakfast coffee at his local bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an appetitive hour at his café. He sleeps for an hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, too — at the market in the morning and in the afternoon sitting with other mothers, baby-minding in the sun.The usual Gibraltarian home has no sitting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class houses would be an intolerable waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are unknown. There are no bookshelves, because there are no books. Talking and drinking, as well as eating, are done on hard chairs round the dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household and of the family. "Hearth and home" makes very little sense in Gibraltar. One's home is one's town or village, and one's hearth is the sunshine.Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate — in the churches it used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public meetings, formally — we are scarcely ever man to man. Only in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the pubs are divided along class lines.Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open air — in the street, market-place. Down here, there is a far stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interests, its surviving sense of siege, one can see and feel an integrated society.To live in a tiny town with all the organization of a state, with Viceroy (总督), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arm's reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing can be hidden, for better or for worse. One's successes are seen and recognized; one's failures are immediately exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behaviour, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection.11. Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians?A. The family structure.B. Religious belief.C. The climate.D. Eating habit.12. The italicized part in the third paragraph implies that ____________.A. English working-class homes are similar to Gibraltarian onesB. English working-class homes have spacious sitting-roomsC. English working-class homes waste a lot of spaceD. the English working-class parlour is intolerable in Gibraltar13. We learn from the description of the Gibraltarian home that it is _________.A. modernB. luxuriousC. StarkD. simple14. There is a much stronger sense of _______ among the Gibraltarians.A. togethernessB. survivalC. identityD. leisure15. According to the passage people in Gibraltar tend to be well-behaved because of the following EXCEPT _______.A. the entirety of the state structureB. constant pressure from the stateC. the small size of the townD. transparency of occurrencesTEXT BFor office innovators, the unrealized dream of the "paperless" office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Today's office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before.But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales — despite a healthy economic scene.Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair."Old habits are hard to break," says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. "There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn't work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness."In the early to mid-1990s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost.But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices."We're finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace," says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. "More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form without printing multiple backups."In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workers — the primary driver of office paper consumption for the shift in paper usage.The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of "filing" is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of today's data may never leave its original digital format.The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. "All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking, 'We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use,'" he says. "They had never asked, they'd just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth."To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally.Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen.Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against "paperlessness," argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, "The Electronic Piñata (彩罐)," he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.The information industry today is like a huge electronic piñata, composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core," Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust "is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core that produces the crust is far larger — and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all."In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, Saffo says, so has video conferencing —with its promise of fewer in-person meetings — boosting business travel."That's one of the great ironies of the information age," Saffo says. "It's just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet."16. What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve?A. It further explains high-tech hubris.B. It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris.C. It offers a cause for high-tech hubris.D. It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris.17. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales?A. Workforce with better computer skills.B. Slow growth of the US economy.C. Changing patterns in paper use.D. Changing employment trends.18. The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature ________.A. integrated use of paper and digital formB. a shift from paper to digital formC. the use of computer screenD. a new style of writing19. What does the author mean by ''irony of the information age"?A. The dream of the "paperless" office will be realized.B. People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings.C. More digital data use leads to greater paper use.D. Some people are opposed to video-conferencing.20. What is the author's attitude towards "paperlessness"?A. He reviews the situation from different perspectives.B. He agrees with some of the people quoted in the passage.C. He has a preference for digital innovations.D. He thinks airlines benefit most from the digital age.TEXT CWhen George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was "the most class-ridden country under the sun", he was only partly right. Societies have always had their hierarchies, with some group perched at the top. In the Indian state of Bihar the Ranveer Sena, an upper-caste private army, even killed to stay there.By that measure class in Britain hardly seems entrenched (根深蒂固的). But in another way Orwell was right, and continues to be. As a new YouGov poll shows, Britons are surprisingly alert to class — both their own and that of others. And they still think class is sticky. According to the poll, 48% of people aged 30 or over say they expect to end up better off than their parents. But only 28% expect to end up in a different class. More than two-thirds think neither they nor their children will leave the class they were born into.What does this thing that people cannot escape consist of these days? And what do people look at when decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying markers, according to the poll, are occupation, address, accent and income, in that order. The fact that income comes fourth is revealing: though some of the habits and attitudes that class used to define are more widely spread than they were, class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth.Occupation is the most trusted guide to class, but changes in the labour market have made that harder to read than when Orwell was writing. Manual workers have shrunk along with farming and heavy industry as a proportion of the workforce, while the number of people in white-collar jobs has surged. Despite this striking change, when they were asked to place themselves in a class, Brits in 2006 huddled in much the same categories as they did when they were asked in 1949. So, jobs, which were once a fairly reliable guide to class, have become misleading.A survey conducted earlier this year by Expertian shows how this convergence on similar types of work has blurred class boundaries. Expertian asked people in a number of different jobs to place themselves in the working class or the middle class. Secretaries, waiters and journalists were significantly more likely to think themselves middle-class than accountants, computer programmers or civil servants. Many new white-collar jobs offer no more autonomy or better prospects than old blue-collar ones. Yet despite the muddle over what the markers of class are these days, 71% of those polled by YouGov still said they found it very or fairly easy to figure out which class others belong to.In addition to changes in the labour market, two other things have smudged the borders on the class map. First, since 1945 Britain has received large numbers of immigrants who do not fit easily into existing notions of class and may have their own pyramids to scramble up. The flow of new arrivals has increased since the late 1990s, multiplying this effect.Second, barriers to fame have been lowered. Britain's fast-growing ranks of celebrities — like David Beckham and his wife Victoria — form a kind of parallel aristocracy open to talent, or at least to those who are uninhibited enough to meet the requests of television producers. This too has made definitions more complicated.But many Brits, given the choice, still prefer to identify with the class they were born into rather than that which their jobs or income would suggest. This often entails pretending to be more humble than is actually the case: 22% of white-collar workers told YouGov that they consider themselves working class. Likewise, the Expertian survey found that one in ten adults who call themselves working class are among the richest asset-owners, and that over half a million households which earn more than $191,000 a year say they are working class. Pretending to be grander than income andoccupation suggest is rarer, though it happens too.If class no longer describes a clear social, economic or even political status, is it worth paying any attention to? Possibly, yes. It is still in most cases closely correlated with educational attainment and career expectations.21. Why does the author say "...Orwell was right, and continues to be" (Paragraph Two)?A. Because there was stronger class consciousness in India.B. Because more people hope to end up in a higher class.C. Because people expect to gain more wealth than their parents.D. Because Britons are still conscious of their class status.22. ''...class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth" (Paragraph Three) means that ________.A. class is still defined by its own habits and attitudesB. class would refer to something more subtle than moneyC. people from different classes may have the same habits or attitudesD. income is unimportant in determining which class one belongs to23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. White-collar workers would place themselves in a different class.B. People with different jobs may place themselves in the same class.C. Occupation and class are no longer related with each other.D. Changes in the workforce have made it difficult to define class.24. Which of the following is NOT a cause to blur class distinction?A. Notions of class by immigrants.B. Changing trends of employment.C. Easy access to fame.D. Fewer types of work.25. When some successful white-collar workers choose to stay in the working class, it implies that they are _________.A. showing modestyB. showing self-respectC. expressing boastfulnessD. making an understatementTEXT DThe train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man's face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-coloured hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion. From time to time he looked down respectfully at his attire. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber's shop. The glances he devoted to other passengers were furtive and shy.The bride was not pretty, nor was she very young. She wore a dress of blue cashmere, with small reservations of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. They embarrassed her. It was quite apparent that she had cooked, and that she expected to cook, dutifully. The blushes caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see upon this plain, under-class countenance, which was drawn in placid, almost emotionless lines.They were evidently very happy. "Ever been in a parlor-car before?" he asked, smiling with delight."No," she answered; "I never was. It's fine, ain't it?""Great! And then after a while we'll go forward to the dinner, and get a big lay-out. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar.""Oh, do they?" cried the bride. "Charge a dollar? Why, that's too much — for us — ain't it, Jack?""Nor this trip, anyhow," he answered bravely. "We're going to go the whole thing."Later he explained to her about the trains. "You see, it's a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times.” He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she contemplated the sea-green figured velvet, the shining brass, silver, and glass, the wood that gleamed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze figure sturdily held a support for a separated chamber, and at convenient places on the ceiling were frescos in olive and silver.To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio; thiswas the environment of their new estate; and the man's face in particular beamed with an elation that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This individual at times surveyed them from afar with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it exactly plain to them that they were being bullied. He subtly used all the manners of the most unconquerable kind of snobbery. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and they speedily forgot that infrequently a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive enjoyment. Historically there was supposed to be something infinitely humorous in their situation."We are due in Yellow Sky at 3:42," he said, looking tenderly into her eyes."Oh, are we?" she said, as if she had not been aware of it. To evince (表现出) surprise at her husband's statement was part of her wifely amiability. She took from a pocket a little silver watch; and as she held it before her, and stared at it with a frown of attention, the new husband's face shone."I bought it in San Anton' from a friend of mine," he told her gleefully."It's seventeen minutes past twelve," she said, looking up at him with a kind of shy and clumsy coquetry (调情；卖俏). A passenger, noting this play, grew excessively sardonic, and winked at himself in one of the numerous mirrors.At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest, and also the equanimity (平静), of men who had been forewarned. The pair fell to the lot of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot, his countenance radiant with benevolence. The patronage, entwined with the ordinary deference, was not plain to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape.26. The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour at the beginning of the passage seems to indicate that they had a sense of __________.A. secrecyB. elationC. superiorityD. awkwardness27. Which of the following adjectives best depicts the interior of the coach?A. Modern.B. Luxurious.C. Practical.D. Complex.28. Which of the following best describes the attitude of other people on the train towards the couple?A. They regarded the couple as an object of fun.B. They expressed indifference towards the couple.C. They were very curious about the couple.D. They showed friendliness towards the couple.29. Which of the following contains a metaphor?A. ... like a man waiting in a barber's shop.B. ... his countenance radiant with benevolence.C. ... sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.D. ... as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil.30. We can infer from the last paragraph that in the dining-car ________.A. the waiters were snobbishB. the couple felt ill at easeC. the service was satisfactoryD. the couple enjoyed their dinnerPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland32. It is generally agreed that _______ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores.A. the FrenchB. the GermansC. the BritishD. the Dutch33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?A. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Great Britain.D. The United States of America.34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution?A. Thomas Jefferson.B. Thomas Paine.C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20th-century England.A. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist36. ______ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's history.A. BalladB. RomanceC. EpicD. Elegy37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century?。

2011年专8真题答案(含听力材料)

西班牙语专八考试真题

西班牙语专八考试真题西班牙语专八考试真题之填空阅读对于要考专八的西班牙学者来说，大家毕竟多练了两年西语，各种类型的考试也去转了一圈，应当是很有自己的学习节奏了。

对于语法知识不能忽略，要重点提高自己的阅读理解能力。

下面给大家带来西班牙语专八真题，希望对你们有所帮助。

西班牙语专八考试真题之填空completa las oraciones siguientes seleccionando una de las cuatro opciones enla Hoja de respuestas. (5/100,0.5×10)1. En 1959 la Revolucion cubana liderada por Fidel Castro,Ernesto Guevara y Raul Castro acab6 con la dictadura de__—r i lc..intercirlitA. Anastasio SomozaB. Jorge Rafael VidelaC. Fulgencio BatistaD. Augusto Pinochet2. Entre los siguientes cultivos,______no es procedente del continente americano.A. la cocaB. la patatac.C. el tomateD. el café3.Parlamento autonomicos de Cataluna Parlamento autonomicos de Cataluna en aplicacion del Articulo 155_A. del Estatuto de Autonomia de CatalunaB. del Codigo Civil de EspanaC. del Codigo Penal de EspaiaD. de la Constitucion de Espana4. En junio de 2017,China estableci6 relaciones diplomaticascon_A. GuatemalaB. NicaraguaC. PanamaD. Paraguay5. La adhesion de Espaia a____en el aio 1986 marco un antes y un después en la historia economica del pais.A. la OTANB. la UNESCOC. la CEED. la OMC6. Actualmente tres economias latinoamericanas forman parte del Foro de Cooperacion Economica Asia-Pacifico (APEC): Mexico, Chile y_____A. EcuadorB. Peru .C. ColombiaD. Panama7. EI nuevo estadio del Atletico de Madrid es_____A. el Estadio Wanda MetropolitanoB. el Estadio Santiago BernabeuC. el Estadio Camp NouD. el Estadio San Siro8. La Tercera es un peribdico_____de circulacion diaria.A. mexicanoB. argentinoC. cubanoD. chileno9._____. no se cuenta entre los elementos recurentes en la narrativa del escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges.A. EI laberintoB. La voragineC. EI espejoD. La biblioteca10._____es el filosofo espanol mas importante del siglo X.A. Julian MariasB. Fermando SavaterC. Ortega y GassetD. Miguel de Unamuno西班牙语专八考试真题之阅读Lee derndamente los siguientes textos para hacer los ejercicios que vienen al final. (30/100, 1.5x20)Texto ILee el texto y responde a las preguntas 11-15. Selecciona las opciones correctas y marcalas en la Hoja de respuestas. (7.5/100 1.5x5)Queriamos evaluar y terminamos contandoPor VV. AA.Una de las plticas de mayor impacto y continuidad para orientar y regular el desempeno del personal academico de tiempo completo en las universidades publicas del pais esta sustentada en los programas disenados para premiar, mediante cuotas de sobresueldo, la productividad academica expresada bisicamente en el numero y la calidad de los productos de investigacion, asi como la actividad docente. medida por el numero de asignaturas. tutorias y tesis dirigidas. (12) Como la asignacion de las categorias es por periodos determinados, previa evaluacion, los aspirantes pueden ascender, conservar la categoria, 0 descender. Esta condicion-A se traduce en una presion continua para enfocar la actividad individual a laacumulacion de tareas y productos contermplados en los protocolos y reglas operativas.De esta manera, los estimulos se han consolidado como nrutas de la trayectoria profesional del personal academico. Para elos, son prioridades el trabajo individual,el enfoque de competitividad de tarcas y resultados, la produccion documentable, y el uso del tiempo de trabajo en las actividades que acreditan la satisfaccion de requisitos.Se trata de una meritocracia (业绩至上) que tiende a desplazar a otras l6gicas academicas, principalmente aquells relacionadas con la simple satisfaccion de contribuir, desde la vocacion, la responsabilidad y el compromiso compartido, a los cjes centrales de la mision universitaria: formar estudiantes, generar bienes de conocimniento y cultura, y participar en su difusion social.LO que los distintos programas de evaluacion generaron fue un aparato burocratico dedicado al recueto curicular. Los programas miden lo que se puede medir, no lo que se requiere sistematizar para promover la calidadde las actividades academicas. Es mas facil contar las publicacioncs que evaluar los rsutdos de las labores docentes, por lo que estas se han menospreciado entre los indicadores, minimizando el esfuerzo que los academicos destinan allslslB. Por oto lado, los programas actuales, mas que istancias que busquen mejorar los resultados de academicos e instituciones, parecen mecanismosde supervision y control, bausados en ln desconfianza mutua cntre gobiermo e instituciones, y entre las instituciones y sus nuendemicos.La periodicidad y cantidad de los programns de evaluncion desalicnta los tabajos de investigacion de largo plazo, desplazndos frecuentemnentc por proyectcs de corto alceance.EstolC ha conducido n ln institucionalizacion de vicios y simulaciones,promoviendo un productivismo sin impacto organizacional ni diseiplinario que se asocia directamente con la bisqueda de recursos cconomicos adicionales.Podenos afrmar que las actuales evaluacioncs no cumplen con varios de los requisitos esenciales en cualquier proccso de evaluacion acndemica:●que la evaluaciOn tenga la fnalidad de promover cl dsarrollo de los evaluados y no la de premiar 0 castigar;●que los evalundores emitan recomendaciones quc aportcna mcjorar los resultados y a propiciar la conluencia entre los objctivos de las trayectorias personales y las metas de las instituciones en que se participa;que los criterios de evaluacion respondan a las particularidades de lo que se evalin y que consideren las mltiples dimensiones del trabajo academico;que las reglas y los procedimientos sean explicitos y claros para todos los participantes;que los resultados sean transparentes;que existan recursos de revision.Proponemos reemplazar el recuento curricular por una evaluacion de caraicter diagnostico, en la medida en que se leve a cabo como un cjercicio de reflexion colectiva,de retroalinentacion (信息反馈) y de intercambio entre colegas que asumen el papel de interlocutores y no de jueces.Para realizar una valoracion integral de los expedientes (材料) , proponemos que el resutado de la evaluacion sea una areciacion global del trabajo de cada academico, en la que consten en breve dos cuestiones: 1) un balance general quevalore la calidad del trabajo realizado; 2) sugerencias que le permitan al academico hacer los ajustes neesarios para reorientar su plan de trabajo hacia el logro de un mejor desempeio.De la misna manera, independientemente de la modalidad de evaluacion de que se trate, siempre debera garantizarse el derecho al recurso de revision y a solitar, segin el caso, una nueva evaluacion a cargo de evaluadores distints de los que emitieron elprimer resultado.Dada la gran cantidad de expedientes que tipicamente hay que atender, haria falta estimar con mayor seriedad el numero necesario de evaluadores en funcion del tiempo real que exige la evaluacion rigurosa de cada expediente. No es recomendable recargar a los evaluadores con un numero excesivo de expedientes, como sucede en la actualidad.Es deseable que los evaluadores sean elegidos por los profesores de las unidades academicas de una lista de sus presl-, y que estos no sean las autoridades de la institucion.11. ;Cual de las siguientes afimaciones es corecta?A. La secuencia esta condlelnI1 se reliere a: Como la asignacion de las calegorias es por periodos determinados, previa evaluacion, los aspranites pueden ascende, comsernvar la categoria, 0 descender.B. EI pronombre lsa" se refiere a las invsrigaciones academicas.C. E pronombre estol-C se refiere a; que los programas de evaluacidn son periddicas y maumerosos.D. La secuencia sus pares1- se refere a: los candidatos enyo nimero es el doble de lor evaluadores elgidos.12. iComo se intepreta el primer pirrafo de este texto?A. Desde hace mucho tiempo las universidades piblicas serigen por estindares nomalizados para el profesorado, dando mayor prioridnd a las publicacincs acadcmicas que a los trabajos cotidianos de enseianza,B. Las universidades publicas han establecido unos requisitos basados fundamentalmente en metodos estadisticos, para firmar 0 renovar contratos laborales con los profsores tanto tiulrs como suplentes."C. Una de las pllicas fundamentales de las universidades publicas consiste estimular la eficiencia de los profesores con pagos extras, tanto en : la elabonacion de tesis de investigcion como en el trabajo docente.D. Los criterios crepondients de evaluacion apuestan por relener en las universidades poblias al personal de mayor competitividad aceademica apoyaindose en nds pesupucstos extmordinarios del Estado.13. ;Cual de las siguientes afimaciones NO es consecuencia de ests actuales pliticas?A. Los profesores, obligudos a someter Ssu trabajo a la consideracion de losevaluadores, no tienen derecho a rclamar contra el fllo.B. Los catedriticos intentan sacar adclante y rematar cuanto antes los proyectos de investiacion en detimento de la formacion de los alumnos.s instituciones adoptan una actiud recelosa hacia los profesores apostando asiduamente por la meritocracia.D. A un rector universiario le puede caer encima una Iluvia de expedientes por califcar y presentar comentarios construecivos al respecto.14. iQuienes serin los autores de este articulo?A. Funcionarios del Ministerio de FomentoB. Profesores y scademicos de universidadC. Altos ejsqutivos de una empresaD. Doctorandos de centros de investigacion.15. EI lcxto cA. una cartin de rclrneeB. un tnbajio de lvnipeilenC. uma ppuceta alermativnD. unmuificsto rivinidcativei。

西班牙语笔试测试框架

2011年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试
笔试测试框架
2011年全国高校西班牙语专业八级水平测试笔试总分为100分。

下面对每部份分值和题型做具体说明。

一、人文知识测试
阅读有关西班牙语国家文学、地理、历史、文化传统、时政新闻等内容的题目，标出认为正确的选项。

分值：共30题，每题0.5分，总计15分。

二、完型填空
完成一篇200词左右的短文完型填空，共20个空，每空0.5分，总计10分。

三、阅读、理解、外语表达
(一)阅读一篇800左右的短文
(二)完成短文后的练习。

练习重点为作品理解及西班牙语表达。

练习形式包括：
1.指出划线部分的所指关系。

分值：共20项，每项0.5分，总计10分。

2.用西班牙语解释划线短句或句中的划线部分。

分值：共8句，每项1.5分或2分，总计15分。

四、翻译
书面翻译两篇短文。

西译中文章篇幅350个单词左右。

中译西文章篇幅350字左右。

两篇文章各占15分，共计30分。

五、写作
针对预先给出的一段言论发表评论（至少250词）。

要求观点明确（赞成、反对或各有利弊等），论据充分，结论明晰。

六、笔试分值分布
全国西班牙语专业水平测试命题组
2011年12月8日。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

小语种西班牙语专业八级考试笔试真题2011年一、PRUEBA 1 CONOCIMIENTOS BáSICOS DE CULTURA (总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.Entre las cuatro lenguas oficial (o cooficiales) de Espa ? a, la que no se ha mezclado de manera significativa con ninguna otra es ______.（分数：0.50）A.el castellanoB.el vasco √C.el catalánD.el gallego2.Aunque Espa ? a y Portugal fueron pioneros en la colonización de otros continentes a finales del siglo XV, las primeras naciones que comenzaron a dominar el comercio mundial fueron ______. （分数：0.50）A.Inglaterra, Alemania y FranciaB.Inglaterra, Francia y EE. UU.C.Holanda, Inglaterra y AlemaniaD.Holanda, Inglaterra y Francia √ granada de la Bandera Nacional de Espa ? a simboliza Granada, último reino musulmán tornado por los cristianos en ______.（分数：0.50）A.1492 √B.1495C.1588D.1898 Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) es una organización subordinadaa ______.（分数：0.50） Organización de las Naciones Unidas √ Cumbre de las Américas Organización Mundial del Comercio Cumbre Iberoamericana5.Bolivia quedó como el único país sudamericano sin salida al mar después de ______.（分数：0.50） Guerra de la Reforma Guerra del Pacífico √ Guerra de las Malvinas Guerra del Chaco6.El único país centroamericano que tiene relaciones diplomáticas con China es ______.（分数：0.50）A.NicaraguaB.PanamáC.Costa Rica √D.Guatemala7.Entre los veinte Estados miembros que integran el G-20 figuran ______ países latinoamericanos. （分数：0.50）A.dosB.tres √C.cuatroD.cinco8."La década perdida" hace referencia al decenio de los ______ del siglo XX por ser un período de recesión económica que golpeaba a todos los países latinoamericanos.（分数：0.50）A.sesentaB.setentaC.ochenta √D.noventa9.El 10 de noviembre de 2010, Chile logró rescatar a los 33 mineros que habían pasado 69 días atrapados en lamina San José. El presidente del país, ______, estaba omnipresente en todo el proceso del rescate.（分数：0.50）A.Michelle BacheletB.Sebastián Pi?era √C.Alan GarcíaD.Hugo Chávez10.El ______ aporta el mayor porcentaje del PIB a la República de Panamá.（分数：0.50）A.sector agrícolaB.sector de construcción navalC.sector de servicios √D.sector de construcción11.El novelista peruano Mario Vargas Llosa, Premio Nobel de literatura 2010, es el autor de La dudad y los perros, La Casa Verde, La guerra del fin del mundo y ______.（分数：0.50）A.El se?or PresidenteB.El laberinto de la soledad conversación en La CatedralD.Lituma en los Andes √12.______ es la mayor región espa ? ola en producción de aceite de oliva.（分数：0.50）A.Catalu?aB.Castilla-la ManchaC.Andalucía √D.Murcia13.______, capital de Uruguay, es el mayor centro industrial del país.（分数：0.50）A.BrasiliaB.Punta del EsteC.AsunciónD.Montevideo √14.En América del Sur, ______ está ba ? ado/a tanto por el Océano Atlántico como por el Pacífico.（分数：0.50）A.VenezuelaB.Colombia √C.EcuadorD.Argentina Guerra Civil espa ? ola, que duró ______, fue la guerra más ideológicamente apasionada del siglo XX en Europa.（分数：0.50）A.de 1933 a 1936B.de 1934 a 1937C.de 1935 a 1938D.de 1936 a 1939 √ producción de cobre de Chile representa el ______ de la totalidad en el mundo. Tiene la mayor empresa del mundo de este sector, que se llama Codelco.（分数：0.50）A.10%B.30% √C.50%D.70%17.Según el censo INE 2008, ______ constituía la mayor región de origen de los inmigrantes extranjeros de Espa ? a.（分数：0.50）A.Iberoamérica √B.el norte deáfrica UE-27 Europa no comunitaria18.En la V Sesión Plenaria del XVII Comité Central del PCCh, que tuvo lugar en Beijing en el mes de octubre de 2010, se debatióla " Propuesta del ComitéCentral del PCCh para Formular el ______ Programa Quinquenal para el Desarrollo Económico y Social de China (2011-2015)"（分数：0.50）A.DécimoB.UndécimoC.Duodécimo √D.Décimotercero19.Los tres países latinoamericanos con mejores condiciones en la escala del Indice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) divulgado por el Programa de Desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas entre 2009 y 2010 son（分数：0.50）A.Chile, Argentina y Uruguay √B.Panamá, Brasil y PerúC.Chile, Argentina y Costa RicaD.Colombia, Venezuela y México20.Casi el 85% de las exportaciones de México se dirigen al mercado de ______.（分数：0.50）A.América Central Unión EuropeaC.América del SurD.Estados Unidos √21.______ es uno de los países fundadores de la Organización de los Países Exportadores de Petr óleo (OPEP) , que tiene su sede en Ginebra primero, y en Viena en la actualidad.（分数：0.50）A.MéxicoB.ColombiaC.EcuadorD.Venezuela √22.Los Estados miembros que integran el Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur), el mayor bloque comercial suramericano, son ______.（分数：0.50）A.Brasil, Argentina, Chile y PerúB.Brasil, Perú, Chile y BoliviaC.Brasil, Argentina, Paraguay y Uruguay √D.Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay23.A ______ se lo considera el primer europeo en defender que las tierras descubiertas por Crist óbal Colón conformaban un nuevo continente.（分数：0.50）A.Américo Vespucio √B.Hernán CortésC.Marco PoloD.Bartolomeo Díaz24.______ han aceptado del Fondo Monetario Internacional y de la Unión Europea miles de millones de dólares para ordenar sus desequilibrios fiscales.（分数：0.50）A.Portugal y GreciaB.Espa?a e IrlandaC.Grecia e Irlanda √D.Italia y Grecia25.En los a ? os 2014 y 2016, ______ será sede, sucesivamente, de la Copa Mundial de Fútbol y de los Juegos Olímpicos de Verano, evento que se efectuará por primera vez en América del Sur. （分数：0.50）A.Buenos AiresB.Río de Janeiro √C.LimaD.Santiago de Chile Pirámide "Kukuican" de Chitzén Itza, situada en el sur de ______, se construyó en el siglo XII.（分数：0.50）A.Yucatán, México √B.GuatemalaC.HondurasD.El Salvador27.A lo largo de la historia, Venezuela ha tenido nombres distintos. En 1999 recibió el actual de ______.（分数：0.50）A.República de VenezuelaB.República Bolivariana de Venezuela √C.República Federal de VenezuelaD.República Democrática de Venezuela28.______, Fiesta Nacional de Espa ? a, se conoce también como el Día de la Hispanidad.（分数：0.50）A.El día 7 de julioB.El día 6 de septiembreC.El día 12 de octubre √D.El día 10 de diciembre lucha por la Independencia Mexicana se iniciócon el Grito de Dolores, cuyo autor, ______, llamó a los párrocos a rebelarse contra la autoridad del Virreinato de Nueva Espa ? a.（分数：0.50）A.José MartínB.Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla √C.Simón BolívarD.Bernardo O"Higgins30.Entre todos los países hispanohablantes, ______ ocupa el primer lugar en superficie.（分数：0.50）A.MéxicoB.ColombiaC.Argentina √D.Perú二、PRUEBA 2 GRAMáTICA Y VOCABULARIO (总题数：1，分数：8.00)Transgénicos y ecológicosLos cultivos del maíz genéticamente modificado ayudan a 1 las plagas de sus vecinos convencionales, y por ello ambos experimentan 2 económicos. Es la conclusión de un estudio, publicado en Science, que 3 argumentos a favor del uso de los controvertidos (有争议的) transgénicos (转基因产品). Los responsables del estudio, un equipo de varias universidades y centros de invesdgación estadounidenses, han descubierto que el maíz transgénico Bt, 4 en EE. UU. desde hace décadas, reduce las 5 de la palomilla barrenadora europea (欧洲玉米螟) no sólo en este tipo de maíz, sino también en las 6 vecinas de maíz convencional. Por ello, 7 las políticas de incentivos para plantaciones 8 : por un lado se benefician 9 los efectos plaguicidas (杀虫的) del maíz transg énico, y por otro lado, no se tiene que pagar el precio 10 de la semilla Bt en el cultivo convencional.Los científicos, representados por William Hutchinson, de la Universidad de Minnesota, 11 que durante los últimos 14 a ? os, los estados de Illinois, Minnesota y Wisconsin han 12 unos 3,2 mil millones de dólares 13 cultivar ambos tipos de maíz 14 . La palomilla barrenadora europea del maíz, un insecto plaga, 15 accidentalmente en la región medio-occidental de EE. UU. en 1917, 16 pérdidas en cultivos de alrededor de mil millones de dólares cada a ? o.(Adaptado de Revista QUO, Espa?a) （分数：8.00）A.detectarB.distinguirC.reducir √A.beneficios √B.costesC.gastosA.aporta √B.contradiceC.necesitaA.vendidoB.transportadoC.utilizado √A.configuracionesB.poblaciones √C.ubicacionesunidadesB.tierrasC.plantaciones √A.requierenB.apoyan √C.contribuyenA.vecinasB.mixtas √C.convencionalesA.enB.paraC.de √A.másB.mayor √C.menorA.estiman √B.prevénC.pronosticanA.invertidoB.costadoC.ahorrado √A.al √B.paraC.sinA.simultáneamente √B.separadamenteC.continuamenteA.importadaB.descubierta √C.producidaA.introduceB.aumentaC.provoca √三、PRUEBA 3 COMPRENSIóN DE LECTURA (总题数：1，分数：27.00)El conflicto chileno-mapucheCarlos Pe?aLa diversidad cultural y étnica es uno de los fenómenos más notorios de hoy. De acuerdo a estimaciones recientes, ciento ochenta y cuatro países independientes del Globo poseen unos seiscientos grupos lingüísticos y más de cinco mil étnicos (1) .Son pocos los países donde los ciudadanos hablan una sola lengua y reconocen su (2) origen en un mismo grupo étnico.La lenta delicuescencia (瓦解) de las fronteras, la expansión del mercado y la homogeneidad t écnica—en una palabra, la globalización—han estimulado la reaparición de las identidades culturales que apenas ayer parecían ahogadas (3) . (A) Así, la etnicidad irrumpe de pronto en la política. Es cosa de recordar Chiapas, Bosnia, la ex Unión Soviética, el país vasco, Catalu ? a, los maoríes (毛利人).En Chile, el fenómeno posee un ritmo creciente. Desde 1989 —cuando se recuperó la democracia —, mapuches, atacame ? os o aimaras reivindican para sí un lugar en el Estado, solicitando que se proteja su lengua materna, se reparen las injusticias de que fueron (4) objeto y que se les permita irrumpir en la escena pública . (B)Durante su legislatura, el gobierno de Aylwin promovió una activa política de atender las reclamaciones de esos grupos (5) . Se realizó una reforma constitucional que consagraba el reconocimiento de los pueblos originarios y se creó el Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Indígena. También se entregaron 122.141 hectáreas de tierras a las comunidades indígenas.El gobierno de Ricardo Lagos, a su turno, creó la Comisión de Verdad Histórica y Nuevo Trato. ésta (6) sugirió un conjunto de medidas, como el reconocimiento constitucional de los pueblos indígenas; la autonomía para la gestión territorial; o la preservación de sus (7) bienes culturales.Es decir, esa Comisión recomendó más o menos lo mismo que hoy día reivindican y reclaman los mapuches.Pero nada de eso llegó a término . (C) ? Por qué?La razón es obvia: el principal obstáculo que enfrenta este conflicto (8)es de índole cultural. Mientras los grupos indígenas ven en él una oposición entre dos comunidades culturales equivalentes (D) (la chilena y la mapuche), el Estado de Chile, en cambio, ve a un grupo (9) que desobedece la ley y que no tiene la condición de igual.Lo que esa asimetría (不对称) revela es uno de los aspectos menos comprendidos de este problema: los mapuches han adquirido una conciencia de sí (10) que no encuentra reconocimiento. Es propio de cada ser humano y de cada cultura que el valor que se autoatribuye sea validado por otra conciencia. (E) Hegel pensó que la historia humana podía explicarse como una lucha por obtener ese reconocimiento, como un esfuerzo sostenido para que el valor de cada uno fuese endosado (背书) por la conciencia de algún otro (11) .Los mapuches no quieren ser tratados como proletarios necesitados de ayuda, menos aún como marginales. Ellos se ven como miembros de una cultura valiosa, distinta e igual en su (12)valor a la que cultivan los inmigrantes o a la que es mayoritaria (13)en la sociedad chilena. Y anhelan que eso (14) se exprese en el trato que se les brinda en la esfera de la institucionalidad y en el espacio público.Y no ocurre (15) .é se es entonces un primer obstáculo: la falta de reconocimiento. Pero hay todavía otro (16) de índole más política.Ocurre que buena parte de nuestra élite cree en el relato que la historiografía conservadora nos legó acerca de la Nación. Para ese relato, Chile es una unidad cultural y étnicamente homogénea que hunde sus (17) raíces en lo más profundo de los tiempos. En una palabra, la identidad de Chile —lo que se llamó a veces la "raza chilena"— se constituiría por la supresión de lo indíigena. (F)En medio de ese panorama ideológico, los reclamos de los mapuches o aimaras son vistos como un reclamo subversivo que comprometería (18)nuestra seguridad y existencia. Hay, por supuesto, algo de paranoia (偏执) nacionalista en estos temores (19) que ven en simples reclamos de autonom ía grupal, intentos de secesión (分裂) ; (G)en la afirmación de la identidad indígena, la negaci ón de la chilenidad; en los reclamos de reparación por las usurpaciones (掠夺) del siglo XIX, atentados contra la institución de la propiedad.Como muestra (20) la historia de estos veinte a ? os, la salida de este conflicto no se reduce a puras políticas de bienestar. En cambio, se requieren medidas de justicia tendientes a corregir las desventajas históricas de esos grupos y el fraude de que a veces fueron víctimas (21) ; la concesión de derechos políticos, lingüísticos y culturales, para proteger la cultura que el Estado (22) intentó asimilar durante dos siglos, y una amplia gama de prácticas de reconocimiento que permita que su cultura aparezca dotada de dignidad, y no como una excrecencia (遗留物) de siglos que ya pasaron (23) .Y en tanto se adoptan esas medidas, se podría hablar de conflicto chileno-mapuche. Es una manera de reconocer la índole recíproca de l problema (24) .No es malo como primer paso.(Adaptación del artículo del mismo título publicado en El Mercurio,Chile, 26 de septiembre de 2010) （分数：27.00）(1).Pon en la hoja de respuesta a qué se refiere la parte en cursiva y, en caso de verbo, cu ál es el sujeto.1. ...ciento ochenta y cuatro países independientes del Globo poseen unos seiscientos grupos ling üísticos y más de cinco mil étnicos (1) .2. Son pocos los países donde los ciudadanos hablan una sola lengua y reconocen su (2) origen en un mismo grupo étnico.3. La lenta delicuescencia de las fronteras, la expansión del mercado y la homogeneidad técnica —en una palabra, la globalización—han estimulado la reaparición de las identidades culturales que apenas ayer parecían ahogadas (3) .4. ...mapuches, atacame ? os o aimaras reivindican para sí un lugar en el Estado, solicitando que se proteja su lengua materna, se reparen 1as injusticias de que fueron (4) objeto ...5. El gobierno de Aylwin promovióuna activa política de atender 1as reclamaciones de esos grupos(5) .6. ésta (6)sugirióun conjunto de medidas, como el reconocimiento constitucional de los pueblos indígenas; la autonomía para la gestión territorial; o la preservación de sus (7) bienes culturales.7. el principal obstáculo que enfrenta este conflicto (8) es de índole cultural.8. el Estado de Chile, en cambio, vea un grupo (9)que desobedece la ley y que no tiene la condici ón de igual.9. Los mapuches han adquirido una conciencia de sí (10) que no encuentra reconocimiento.10. o un esfuerzo sostenido para que el valor de cada uno fuese endosado por la conciencia de algún otro (11) .11. Ellos se ven como miembros de una cultura valiosa, distinta e igual en su (12) valor a la que cultivan los inmigrantes o a la que es mayoritaria (13) en la sociedad chilena.12. Y anhelan que eso (14) se exprese en el trato que se les brinda en la esfera de la institucionalidad y en el espacio público.13. Y no ocurre (15) .14. Pero hay todavía otro (16) de índole más política.15. Chile es una unidad cultural y étnicamente homogénea que hunde sus (17) raíces en lo más profundo de los tiempos.16. los reclamos de los mapuches o aimaras son vistos como un reclamo subversivo que comprometer ía (18) nuestra seguridad y existencia.17. Hay, por supuesto, algo de paranoia nacionalista en estos temores (19) que...18. Como muestra (20)la historia de estos veinte a ? os, la salida de este conflicto no se reducea puras políticas de bienestar.19. En cambio, se requieren medidas de justicia tendientes a corregir las desventajas históricas de esos grupos y el fraude de que a veces fueron víctimas (21) ...20. la concesión de derechos políticos, lingüísticos y culturales, para proteger la cultura que el Estado (22) intentó asimilar durante dos siglos ...21. ...y una amplia gama de prácticas de reconocimiento que permita que su cultura aparezca dotada de dignidad, y no como una excrecencia de siglos que ya pasaron (23) .22. Es una manera de reconocer la índole recíproca del problema (24) .（分数：13.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________(1) étnicos: grupos(2) su: de los ciudadanos(3) ahogadas: las identidades culturales(4) fueron: mapuches, atacame ? os o aimaras(5) esos grupos: mapuches, atacame ? os o aimaras(6) é sta: la Comisión de Verdad Histórica y Nuevo Trato(7) sus: de los pueblos indígenas(8) este conflicto: el conflicto entre el Estado chileno y los reclamos de los indígenas(9) un grupo: los mapuches(10) sí: los mapuches(11) algún otro: ser humano(12) su: de una cultura(13) mayoritaria: la cultura(14) eso: Ellos se ven como miembros de una cultura valiosa, distinta e igual en su valor a otras de la sociedad chilena(15) ocurre: eso (或: que la cultura de los mapuches sea vista como una distinta e igual a las otras en la esfera de la institucionalidad y en el espacio público)(16) otro: obstáculo(17) sus: de Chile(18) comprometería: un reclamo subversivo(19) estos temores: los reclamos de los mapuches o aimaras podrían poner en peligro la seguridad y existencia de los chilenos.(20) muestra: la historia(21) víctimas: los grupos indígenas(22) el Estado: Chile(23) pasaron: los siglos(24) el problema: el conflicto chileno-mapuche(2).Interpreta en espa?ol el sentido de las siguientes oraciones.A. reaparición de las identidades culturales que apenas ayer parecían ahogadas.B. ...y que se les permita irrumpir en la escena pública.C. Pero nada de eso llegó a término.D. ...los grupos indígenas ven en él una oposición entre dos comunidades culturales equivalentes...E. Es propio de cada ser humano y de cada cultura que el valor que se autoatribuye sea validado por otra conciencia.F. identidad de Chile ... se constituiría por la supresión de lo indígena.G. ...ven en simples reclamos de autonomía grupal, intentos de secesión...（分数：13.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ A. La gente vuelve a tener conciencia de ]as identidades culturales que hace tiempo estaban extinguidas.B. ...que se les conceda a los mapuches, atacame ? os o aimaras los mismos derechos que cualquier otra etnia a participar en la vida política y social de Chile.C. Sin embargo, ninguna recomendación se hizo realidad.D. Los mapuches creen que se trata de un conflicto entre dos comunidades de igual categoría sociocultural.E. Cada persona y cada cultura quieren que su identidad y su concepto de valor sean reconocidos por otras comunidades étnicas y culturales.F. A juicio de muchos chilenos de élite, en la cultura chilena no existe ningún componente ind ígena.G. Aunque los mapuches sólo piden derecho de autonomía, mucha gente cree que quieren separar Chile.四、PRUEBA 4 TRADUCCIóN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、SECCIóN 1 (总题数：1，分数：15.00)31.Catorce minutos de reflexiónMario Vargas LlosaEse día me levanté a las cinco de la ma ? ana y, procurando no despertar a Patricia, me fui a la salita a leer. Era noche cerrada todavía y las luces de los rascacielos del contorno tenían la apariencia de una gigantesca bandada de cocuyos (萤火虫) invadiendo la ciudad.De pronto advertí que Patricia se me acercaba con el teléfono en la mano y una cara que me asust ó. "Una tragedia en la familia", pensé. Cogí el aparato y escuché, entre silbidos y ecos, una voz que hablaba en inglés. En el instante en que distinguí las palabras Swedish Academy, la comunicación se cortó. Quedamos mirándonos sin decir nada, hasta que el teléfono sonó otra vez. Ahora sí se oía bien. El caballero me dijo que era el secretario general de la Academia Sueca, que me habían concedido el Premio Nobel de Literatura y que la noticia se haría pública dentro de catorce minutos.—Si es cierto, esta casa se va a volver una loquería (疯人院) —dijo Patricia—. Mejor dúchate de una vez.Pero, en vez de hacerlo, me quedé en la salita, viendo asomar entre los rascacielos las primeras luces de la ma ? ana. Pensé en la ciudad de Cochabamba, Perú, donde pasé mi infancia, y en una colección de poemas de Neruda, que mi madre me había prohibido leer y que resultó ser el primer libro prohibido que leí. Pensé en lo mucho que le hubiera alegrado la noticia, si era cierta. Pensé en el tío Lucho, que, en ese a ? o feliz que pasé en su casa de Piura, escribiendo art ículos y poemas que publicaba a veces en alguna revista, me animaba incansablemente a perseverar y ser un escritor, porque, acaso hablando de símismo, me aseguraba que no seguir la propia vocaci ón es traicionarse y condenarse a la infelicidad.Y pensé en lo maravillosa que es la vida que los hombres y las mujeres inventamos, cuando todav ía andábamos en taparrabos (遮羞布) y comiéndonos los unos a los otros, para trasladarnos a otra, más rica y más libre, a través de la ficción.(Fragmento del artículo del mismo título, publicado en El País,Espa?a, 10 de octubre de 2010) （分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________十四分钟的思考(遐想)马里奥·巴尔加斯·略萨那天早晨，我五点钟起了床。

史上最全法语学习全套资料(精品!!)

页数:12
2020年法语专业八级题库【章节题库】-第1~2章【圣才出品】

页数:147
法语专业八级核心词汇全突破【核心释义+例句搭配】-A【圣才出品】

页数:158
英语专业八级词汇专项自测题十套.10

页数:9
全国高校法语专业八级考试提纲

页数:2
2009年法语专八真题

页数:14
英语专业八级词汇专项自测题十套.2

页数:10
2010~2011年法语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

页数:92
2011法语专业八级考试真题

页数:15
2012~2014年法语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

页数:139

小语种西班牙语专业八级考试笔试真题2011年 (1)

合集下载

2011年英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版

小语种西班牙语专业八级考试口语真题2011年 (1)

2011年英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版

2011年专八真题部分解析

2011专八真题解析

西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案

西班牙语专八考试真题

2011年专8真题答案（含听力材料）

2011年专八真题及参考答案!

2011年专业八级真题及答案详细

2011年专八真题答案

2011年英语专八考试真题及答案

西班牙语专八考试翻译及参考答案(一)

2011年专八真题及参考答案

2011年专八真题及答案详解

2011年专8真题答案(含听力材料)

西班牙语专八考试真题

西班牙语笔试测试框架

文档推荐

最新文档

小语种西班牙语专业八级考试笔试真题2011年 (1)

合集下载

2011年英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版

小语种西班牙语专业八级考试口语真题2011年 (1)

2011年英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版

2011年专八真题 部分解析

2011专八真题解析

西班牙语专业八级口试真题及答案

西班牙语专八考试真题

2011年专8真题答案（含听力材料）

2011年专八真题及参考答案!

2011年专业八级真题及答案详细

2011年专八真题答案

2011年英语专八考试真题及答案

西班牙语专八考试翻译及参考答案(一)

2011年专八真题及参考答案

2011年专八真题及答案详解

2011年专8真题答案(含听力材料)

西班牙语专八考试真题

西班牙语笔试测试框架

文档推荐

最新文档

2011年专八真题部分解析