课文翻译综合英语
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高等学校研究生英语系列教材综合教程下册课文原文翻译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many peoplefind that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this:\wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it.\ 1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击,没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是,很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:?我希望这事没发生,但因为它我变得更完美了。
2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事,可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理,这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中,人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出?积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。
实际上,大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在一些方面有了改善。
3诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景,这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死,意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后,也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
Old Father Time Becomes a TerrorRichard Tomkins1 Once upon a time,technology,we thought, would make our lives easier. Machines were expected to do our work for us, leaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and pleasure.时间老人成了可怕的老人理查德·汤姆金斯从前,我们以为技术发展会使我们的生活变得更安逸。
那时我们觉得机器会替代我们工作,我们则有越来越多的时间休闲娱乐。
2 But instead of liberating us, technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bewildering rate: as many now arrive in a year as once arrived in a millennium。
And as each invention arrives,it eats further into our time。
但技术发展没有把我们解放出来,而是使我们成为奴隶。
新技术纷至沓来,令人目不暇接:一年涌现的技术创新相当于以前一千年。
而每一项新发明问世,就进一步吞噬我们的光阴.3 The motorcar,for example,promised unimaginable levels of personal mobility. But now,traffic in cities moves more slowly than it did in the days of the horse—drawn carriage, and we waste our lives stuck in traffic jams。
One Writer's Beginnings1 I learned from the age of two or three that any room in our house, at any time of day, was there to read in, or to be read to. My mother read to me. She'd read to me in the big bedroom in the mornings, when we were in her rocker together, which ticked in rhythm as we rocked, as though we had a cricket accompanying the story. She'd read to me in the dining room on winter afternoons in front of the coal fire, with our cuckoo clock ending the story with "Cuckoo", and at night when I'd got in my own bed. I must have given her no peace. Sometimes she read to me in the kitchen while she sat churning, and the churning sobbed along with any story. It was my ambition to have her read to me while I churned; once she granted my wish, but she read off my story before I brought her butter. She was an expressive reader. When she was reading "Puss in Boots," for instance, it was impossible not to know that she distrusted all cats.作家起步时我从两三岁起就知道,家中随便在哪个房间里,白天无论在什么时间,都可以念书或听人念书。
Old Father Time Becomes a TerrorRichard Tomkins1 Once upon a time,technology,we thought,would make our lives easier. Machines were expected to do our work for us,leaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and pleasure.时间老人成了可怕的老人理查德·汤姆金斯从前,我们以为技术发展会使我们的生活变得更安逸。
那时我们觉得机器会替代我们工作,我们则有越来越多的时间休闲娱乐。
2 But instead of liberating us, technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bewildering rate:as many now arrive in a year as once arrived in a millennium。
And as each invention arrives,it eats further into our time.但技术发展没有把我们解放出来,而是使我们成为奴隶.新技术纷至沓来,令人目不暇接:一年涌现的技术创新相当于以前一千年。
而每一项新发明问世,就进一步吞噬我们的光阴。
3 The motorcar,for example,promised unimaginable levels of personal mobility。
But now, traffic in cities moves more slowly than it did in the days of the horse—drawn carriage,and we waste our lives stuck in traffic jams。
1. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of misconduct. A course in research ethics can help such scientists to appreciate that it is their responsibility to know professional conventions as well as to understand the public nature of morality.1. 最近,我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
综合英语2课文翻译Integration is the process of combining different elements into a unified whole. In the context of a country, integration refers to the process of unifying different groups or communities within the society. This can be achieved through various means, such as promoting cultural exchange, providing equal opportunities for all citizens, and ensuring social cohesion.Cultural exchange is an important aspect of integration. It involves the sharing of cultural practices, beliefs, values, and traditions between different communities. Through cultural exchange, individuals have the opportunity to learn about and appreciate different cultures, which promotes mutual understanding and respect. This helps to break down barriers between different groups and fosters a sense of unity within the society.Equal opportunity is another key factor in promoting integration. It means that all citizens, regardless of their background, should have equal access to education, employment, healthcare, and other resources. By providing equal opportunities, a country can ensure that all individuals are able to fully participate and contribute to society. This helps to create a level playing field and reduce inequalities, which in turn promotes social inclusion and integration.Social cohesion is also crucial for integration. It refers to the sense of belonging and solidarity within a society. Social cohesion can be achieved through various means, such as fostering a sense of shared identity, promoting community engagement, and encouraging dialogue and cooperation between different groups.When individuals feel a sense of belonging and connection to their society, they are more likely to contribute to its well-being and participate in its activities. This helps to strengthen the social fabric and promote integration.In conclusion, integration is a process that involves combining different elements into a unified whole. In the context of a country, integration refers to the process of unifying different groups or communities within the society. This can be achieved through promoting cultural exchange, providing equal opportunities, and ensuring social cohesion. By actively fostering integration, a country can promote harmony, inclusivity, and social progress.。
Presenting a speech (做演讲)Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. Contrary to popular belief, language does not simply mirror realitybut also helps to create our sense of reality by giving meaning to events.在人类所有的创造中,语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言来分享经验,表达(传递?)价值观,交换想法,传播知识,传承文化。
事实上,对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
和通常所认为的不同的是,语言并不只是简单地反映现实,语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视,也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
8一匹马和两只山羊的故事在印度有一个叫基瑞坦的小村庄,在村口屹立着一座魁伟的守护神,它的样子像一匹奔腾的骏马,高扬着头,前蹄腾在空中,尾巴挥舞成圈。
就在这个特殊的日子里,一个老人正在附近一个仙人掌的阴凉下打着盹儿,照看着一对正在这贫瘠的土地上吃着草的山羊;不巧,老人被一个观光的人吵醒了,只见那人见到那尊雕塑,便走下旅行车,奔向那匹色泽亮丽的马。
“我的天啊!真是不可思议!”那个人惊叹道,一边绕着雕塑慢慢的走着。
只见他的脸被太阳晒的有些发红,身穿一件军黄色卡其布衬衫和短裤。
当觉察到老人的出现,他用英语礼貌的说了声:“你好!”而老人没能听明白他说的是什么意思,便用他唯一的交流方式——纯正的泰米尔语回应了一句,道:“我叫慕尼,这两只山羊是我的,而且是我唯一的东西!”“我来自纽约,请问你又听说过美国吗?”赤面人又接着说道。
老人恭敬地说:“如今什么事情都可能发生,坏人到处都是!”赤面人瞥了一眼山羊,顺手掏出了一支香烟,问道:“你抽烟吗?”“直到昨天我才听说这件事,”老人矜持的答道,看着那人的军黄色服装,心里觉得他正在被来自政府的警官质问关于邻近的一桩谋杀案。
“我相信你一定知道这尊马制作的时间了。
”美国游客一脸得意地说道。
面对这种随和的气氛,老人自我嘲解地笑了,推脱道:“别傻了,这位先生,我真的是什么都不知道,而且我们的村庄一向以来都有好的口碑,我想一定是其它村庄的人干的!”“请不要误会,”美国游客急切的说道。
“我三周前就到这里了,我一路欣赏你们美丽的乡村风光,到现在差不多已经游历了5000里路了。
”接着他又详细讲述了是什么吸引他来到这个乡村、他是如何喜欢这个乡村、在国内他都做些什么、他计划了几年的印度之旅以及他人生的梦想等等,只言片语他都讲述得特别认真,时不时地他还停下来优雅地笑一笑。
老人回敬一笑,但却一语不发,接着他便转身要走。
赤面人拽住他的肩,热情的说:“那尊雕塑是你的吗?你可以把它卖给我吗?”老人意识到他所指的是那匹马。
Unit 01 Working Holiday AbroadHow My Working Holiday Changed MeHayley1 Now that I have been home for a while and have had time to reflect on my working holiday in Vancouver, I’ve thought a lot about who I was before I left for Canada and who I am prese ntly.1 我回到家已经有一段时间了,有空回顾在温哥华的打工度假经历。
对于去加拿大之前的自我和如今的自我,我思考了很多。
2 Prior to leaving, I was not in a good place. I had suffered a lot of personal blows and felt emotionally stretched. I lost my grandma, my job and had two car crashes in five months. I needed something to change in my life, and that came in the form of a working holiday visa.2 出发前,我的境况不好。
个人生活上经受了许多打击,精神压力很大。
我失去了我的祖母,我的工作,5个月里遭遇两起车祸。
我需要生活得到改变,于是便有了打工度假签证这回事。
3 In less than three months I filled out the necessary paperwork, booked my plane ticket and fled Brisbane. I spent fifteen months living and working in Vancouver, Canada and eighteen months in total away from Australia. This is how that working holiday changed me and my life.3 在不到三个月的时间里,我填写了所需的表格,订好了机票,逃离布里斯班。
unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道,自己并不后悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
Take This Fish and Look at It1 It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history . He asked me a few questions about my object in coming, my antecedents generally, the mode in which I afterwards proposed to use the knowledge I might acquire, and, finally, whether I wished to study any special branch. To the latter I replied that while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself especially to insects.把这条鱼拿去好好看看我是在15余年前进入阿加西兹教授的实验室的,告诉他我已在科学学院注册读博物学。
他略略询问了我来此的目的、我大致的经历、以后准备如何运用所学知识,最后问我是否希望修习某一特别学科。
对最后一个问题我回答说,我希望自己在动物学各个领域都具有一定的基础,但特别想研究昆虫。
2 "When do you wish to begin?" he asked.“你想什么时候开始呢?”他问。
3 "Now," I replied.“就现在,”我回答说。
My dream comes true梦想成真1 The rain had started to fall gently through the evening air as darkness descended over Sydney. Hundreds of lights illuminated Stadium Australia, and the noise was deafening. As I walked towards the track I glanced around me at the sea of faces in the stands, but my mind was focused. The Olympic gold medal was just minutes away, hanging tantalisingly in the distance.当夜幕降临悉尼时,雨也开始悄悄地从夜空中飘落。
几百盏灯把澳大利亚体育场照得灯火通明,场内的声音震耳欲聋。
走向跑道时我看了一眼四周看台上无数的脸,但我的注意力还是很集中。
再过几分钟奥运金牌的归属就要见分晓了,它悬挂在远处,很诱人。
2 My heart was beating loudly, my mouth was dry and the adrenaline was pumping. I was so close to the realisation of my childhood dream and the feeling was fantastic; it was completely exhilarating, but also terrifying. I knew I would have to push myself beyond my known limits to ensure that my dream came true.我的心在剧烈地跳动,口干舌燥,肾上腺素猛增。
综合英语2部分课文翻译The Virtues of Growing Older (长大变老有好处)Our society worships youth. Advertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair and smooth the lines on our face. Television shows feature attractive young stars with firm bodies, perfect complexions, and thick manes of hair. Middle-aged folks work out in gyms and jog down the street, trying to delay the effects of age.我们所处的社会崇尚年轻。
连篇累牍的广告劝我们买希腊配方的洗发水和玉兰油,这样的话,白发无处可寻,面部的皱纹也能被抚平。
电视节目上尽是体魄强健,肤色无暇,头发浓密的年轻明星。
而中年人则在体育馆里锻炼,在马路上慢跑,尽量不让岁月过早地留下痕迹。
Wouldn't any person over thirty gladly sign with the devil just to be young again? Isn't aging an experience to be dreaded? Perhaps it is unAmerican to say so, but I believe the answer is \being older has distinct advantages.不是所有三十出头的人都会为了重获青春而心甘情愿地与魔鬼订立合约吗?长大变老难道不可怕吗?说它不可怕可能不是美国人的回答,但我却认为长大变老不可怕。
《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册Text A (Unit 1-8)课文翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册Text A参考译文第一单元与自然力量抗争课文A人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧,他们所向披靡,便以为自己战无不胜,不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
冰雪卫士奈拉·B·斯密斯1812年,法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
1941年,纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。
希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望速战速决,但是,就像在他之前的拿破仑一样,他得到的是痛苦的教训。
仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
拿破仑发起的战役1812年春,拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。
这些士兵受过良好训练,作战力强,装备精良。
这支军队被称为大军。
拿破仑对马到成功充满自信,预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
不久,拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。
令他吃惊的是,俄国人并不奋起抵抗。
相反,他们一路东撤,沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。
大军紧追不舍,但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。
到了8月,法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战,这一战役中,双方各有上万人阵亡。
可是,俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撒。
拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。
是继续追击俄国,军队,还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克,在那儿度过将到的冬天?拿破仑孤注一掷,决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日,法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。
夜幕降临时,3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡,倒在了战场上。
俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。
全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文翻译第一课:A Successful Businessman原文John Dly started his own business five years ago. Now he has his own company with fifty people working for him. But he started off with nothing. When he was a child, his family was very poor. His parents couldn’t afford to give him pocket money, so he had to earn his own. When he was 12, he started washing cars to make money. He washed cars every day after school and during weekends.He was a good student at school and always tried his best. After he finished high school, he went to university to study business. He borrowed money from the bank to pay for his tuition. During his university years, he worked parttime in a small company to gn experience and earn some money. It was hard work, but he enjoyed it.After graduating from university, John found a job in a big company as a sales representative. He worked very hard and sold a lot of products for the company. The company was very happy with his work, so they promoted him to sales manager.A few years later, he decided to start his own business.翻译约翰·戴利在五年前开始了自己的生意。
Unit 3Translation of Text我们没有"享受幸福的权利"C.S.路易斯"毕竟," 克莱尔说,"他们拥有享受幸福的权利" 。
我们当时是在讨论邻里发生的一件事。
甲先生抛弃甲太太,离了婚,准备迎娶乙太太,而乙太太也同样办好了离婚手续准备嫁给甲。
毫无疑问,甲先生和乙太太非常欢喜对方。
如果他们继续相爱,且健康和收入不出什么差池,他们接下来的日子应该会过的很开心。
同样显而易见的是,他们与各自的前任相处不佳。
乙太太最初还是喜欢她的丈夫的。
但是后来他在战争中负伤,丢掉了工作,据说还已经失去了性能力。
此后的生活已经不再是乙夫人当初所期待的。
甲夫人也很凄惨。
她容貌不再,也没有了生机活力。
有人说她因为为他生儿育女,又为护理他度过漫长的疾病期而将自己的精力消耗殆尽,而先前的婚姻生活也因着疾病而黯然失色。
但是不要以为甲是那种将糟糠之妻弃之如敝履的一类人。
我们都知道前妻的自杀让他非常震惊,他曾亲口对我们说,“我又能怎么样呢?每个人都有享受幸福的权利。
我不能错过我的幸福机会。
”之后我就一直琢磨"享受幸福的权利"这句话。
起初这句话给我的感觉怪怪的,听起来就像是在说每个人都有走运的权利。
无论会有哪个派别的道德学家如何评论,我们的幸福或痛苦很大程度上都非人力所能控制。
在我看来,所谓享受幸福的权利并无依据,正如不能要求自己的身高要达到六英尺,应该有个百万富翁的老爸,或者说无论什么时候自己想去野餐了,天气就必须晴朗。
权利作为所在的社会的法律所保障的自由是不难理解的。
因此,我有权沿公共道路行驶,因为这是社会给赋予我的自由,也是“公共”道路意义之所在。
我也能理解法律所保障的债权权益,和与之相应的他人的债务承担义务。
如果我有权从你那里获取100英镑,也就等于说你有责任付我100英镑。
如果法律允许甲先生抛弃发妻而去勾引邻人之妻,那么甲就有这项法律权利,我们也没有必要在此谈论所谓“幸福”的权利。
The pearl
吉纳,一位穷渔夫,刚发现了一颗非常大而且非常珍贵的珍珠,准备去最近的城镇把它卖掉。
他急切需要钱给刚给蝎子螫伤的孩子看病。
吉纳发现珍珠前,他---一位可以看病的医生拒绝给孩子治病,因为吉纳付不起治疗费。
一个小镇就像个集群动物,有神经系统头肩膀和肢。
它与其他城镇不想连。
因此没有两座城镇是相似的。
城镇里还有完整的感情。
要知道消息是怎样传遍整个小镇的可是个难解之谜。
消息传得似乎比小男孩冲出去告诉别人的速度还快,比女人隔着篱笆大声说消息的速度还要快。
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在吉纳胡安纳和其他渔夫回到吉纳的茅草屋前,小镇的神经正随着消息--吉纳发现了世界上最大的珍珠--传播而奔腾,跳动。
跑得气喘吁吁的小男孩还没说出这个消息,母亲们早已知晓了。
消息席卷而过茅草屋,激起波浪泡沫,然后冲进镇里的石头灰泥瓦房里。
消息传到正在花园里散步的牧师,他的眼中露出若有所思的表情,他想起教堂的有些地方该维修了,他纳闷珍珠值多少钱。
他想知道是否为吉纳的婴儿施过洗礼,或是否主持过他的结婚仪式。
消息传到零售商那儿的时候,他们看着卖的不太好的男式衣服。
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消息传到医生那儿的时候,他正在给一位妇人看病,这位夫人的疾病其实就是“年龄太老的问题”,尽管他们两人都不承认这点。
弄清楚谁是吉纳后,医生变得严肃认真而又明智起来。
医生说,“他是我的一个病人,我在给他的孩子治疗被蝎子螫伤的伤口。
”眼珠在肿眼泡的眼眶内转来转去,医生想起巴黎,想起那他住过的既宽敞又豪华的房间。
越过他的老年病人,医生仿佛看见自己坐在巴黎的一家餐馆,男侍者正在打开酒瓶。
消息早早地传到了教堂前乞讨者,他们咯咯地高兴地笑着,因为他们知道没有比突然
变富的穷人更慷慨的慈善家了。
吉纳发现了世界上最大的珍珠。
城镇里,在小办公室里,坐着那些从渔夫手中购买珍珠的人,他们坐在椅子上等珍珠送上门,然后他们高声争论,争吵不休,高声喊叫,恐吓威胁,直到达成渔夫可以承受的最低价格。
但是有一个价格底线,他们不敢低于这个价格了,因为曾有渔夫因为价格太低而绝望得宁愿把珍珠募捐给教堂。
买完珍珠后,这些购买者单独坐着,手指不住地把玩着珍珠,希望拥有这些珍珠。
因为实际上并没有许多购买者---只有一个买主,是他把这些代理人各自分派在不同的办公室,营造出竞争的假象。
这些人得知这个消息后,他们斜着眼寻思着,内心都开始不安分起来,人人都在想他们的老板怎样也不会长生不死,必须有人取代他的位子,人人都在想怎样用部分资本就能开始创业。
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人人都对吉纳产生了兴趣---卖东西的人和想要得到好处的人。
吉纳已经发现了世上最大的珍珠。
珍珠的价值与人的本质混淆在了一起,促成了一种奇怪的黑色残渣。
每个人突然都与吉纳的珍珠相联系,吉纳的珍珠踏进了他们的梦想,投机买卖阴谋计划未来需要欲望和渴望,只有一个人挡他们的道了,那就是吉纳,因此,他就奇怪地成了每个人的敌人。
消息搅动起镇内无限的邪恶和丑恶现象,黑色的邪恶物质就像是被蝎子螫伤时的痛苦,像闻到美味食物引发的饥饿感,或像是求爱遭受拒绝的孤独感。
小镇的毒囊开始产生毒液,在它的压力作用下城镇膨胀骄傲自负起来。
From composer to interpreter to listener
当我们听一位作曲家时,我们听什么呢?他无需像小说家那样给我们讲故事;他无需像雕刻家那样临摹大自然;他的作品无需像建筑家的图纸那样具有直接的实际用途;那么他又给了我们什么呢?我看似乎只有一张可能:他把他自己给了我们。
当然每一位艺术家
的作品都是一种自我的表现,但是任何一位艺术家都不像作曲家那样直接表现自我。
他在不涉及外部事件的情况下,把自己最精髓的部分给了我们,那是他作为一个人所体验的最充分和最深刻的表达。
要永远记住,当你聆听一位作曲家的作品时,你是在听一个人,一个具体的人连同他特有的个性。
对作曲家来说,最重要的是要有自己的个性。
这种个性的重要性有大有小,但凡是重要的音乐作品,总要反映这种个性。
没有一个作曲家不能把他作为一个人所拥有的价值写到自己的乐曲中去,他的人品也可能具有人类的弱点的标记——如luli和瓦格纳的那样——但是凡是他作品中的精华,必然出自他作为一个人所具有的精华。
如果我们更细致的研究一下这个有关作曲家的个性问题,我们就会发现他实际上是由两种不同的成分构成的:他天生的个性和他所生活的时代的影响。
因为很明显,每位作曲家都生活于一定的使其,而每个时期也都有自己的特点。
不管作曲家表现什么个性,都不可能超越自己所处的时代,正是这种个性和时代的相互作用才形成作曲家的风格。
具有十分类似的个性的两位作曲家,如果生活在两个不同的时代,不可避免的写出两种不同风格的作品。
当我们谈作曲家的风格的时候,我们是指这位作曲家的个性与他所处的特定时期相结合的成果。
如果了解作曲家的作品风格对聆听者来说是重要的话,对演绎者来说更是如此,因为演绎者是音乐的中间人。
聆听着更多地听到的是演绎者对作曲家的想法,而不是作曲家。
作家与读者的接触时直接的;画家只要把画挂起来让人看就行,而音乐则像戏剧一样,是必须重新解释才能生存的艺术。
在作完曲之后,可怜的作曲家必须把它交给演绎艺术家,听其摆布——而我们又必须记住,后者是有自己的音乐风格和个性的人。
一个外行的聆听着,理想的说,如果能够把作曲家的乐思和演绎者忠实再现这种乐思的程度区分出来,他
就能对演奏水平做出相当正确的判断。
演绎者的任务毋庸争辩,谁都承认他的存在是为作曲家服务的——吸收并再创造作曲家的信息。
这种理论非常简单,需要加以阐述的是知识他的实际应用。
现代第一流演绎艺术家多半具有足以使他应付各种要求的技术,所以在大多数情况下我们可以把技术熟练程度看成是理所当然的。
第一个演绎的实际问题是由音符构成的。
今天的乐谱并不完全是作曲家的乐思的忠实写照。
它不可能成为这种忠实写照,因为它太模糊了,它为个人的兴趣和选择留的余地太大了。
因此,演绎者总是碰到这个问题:他应在多大程度上根据乐谱演奏。
作曲家只是些凡人——人们早就知道他们写音符不那么准确,忽视一些重大的遗嘱。
人们也知道他们有时会改变自己的速度和力度。
因此,演绎者在看乐谱时必须运用他们的音乐智慧。
当然,也存在走两种极端的可能——过分严格的按着乐谱演绎或是离题太远而不着边际的演绎。
如果有一种更确切的记谱法,这个问题可能会解决的好一些。
不过,即使如此,对乐谱还是可以有若干不同的演绎法。
因为一首音乐作品归根结底是一个有机体。
它是活的而不是静态的东西。
因此不同的演绎者乃至同一演绎者在不同的时刻处以不同的认识和角度去看待同一作品。
演绎在很大程度上是强调问题。
每一首作品都有一种演绎者不能背离的基本性质。
这种性质来源于乐曲的特性,这种乐曲特性又来源于作曲家本身的个性和作品产生的特定时期。
换言之,每一首作品都有自己的特有风格,演绎者必须忠实于这种风格。
然而每一个演绎者也有自己的个性,所以我们听到的作品风格是由演绎者的个性所折射的。
到此为止,在整个过程中聆听者的作用的重要性一定是很清楚了。
只有针对明智的听众,作曲家及其演绎者共同的努力才有意义。
这说明了聆听者所应承担的责任。
但是在一
个人所能理解音乐之前,他必须真正喜欢它。
对作曲家和演绎者而言,他们最希望的是有一批全神贯注的听众。
弗吉尔.汤姆孙有一次曾把理想听众描述成“拼命鼓掌的人“。
毫无疑问,他这个玩笑是指只要当聆听者把自己全部投入到音乐中去,对音乐或是作曲家来说才是最重要的。
要严肃对待自己作为聆听者的责任。
我们所有的人,不管是专业音乐工作者还是外行,都一直在竭力加深我们对音乐这门艺术的理解。
不管你如何称自己为一个谦虚的聆听者,你也不例外。
既然听众的联合反应最能深刻地影响作曲和演绎的艺术,说音乐的未来是掌握在听众手里也许是有道理的。
在有生气勃勃的听众的情况下,音乐才能真正地生气勃勃。
全神贯注地听、有意识地听、用自己全部的智慧听是我们推进这门人类光辉的艺术的最起码的要求。