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阅读时猜测⽣词词义的⼋种⽅法阅读时猜测⽣词词义的⼋种⽅法很多同学都反应，在阅读英语报刊或书中的⽂章时，都会遇到很多⽣词，当然了，如果是⽆关紧要的单词，忽略过去就算了；如果是⾮常重要的、直接影响到对⽂章的理解的单词，那问题就严重了。
今天就教你⼀招：猜词义！⼋种常⽤的猜测⽅法是：1．从定义中找线索。
在出现⽣词的上下⽂中，如果能找到对该词所下的定义，马上就可以根据它的定义，猜出该词的意义。
如：Semantics is the study of the meaning of words.我们也许不知道划线单词的词义，但从给出的定义（对词汇意义的学习研究）就可猜出它的词义是“语义学”2．根据反义词寻找线索。
在⽣词的前⾯或后⾯，如果有它的反义词或常⽤来对⽐的词语，就能推知⽣词的意义。
如：His work starts at half past eight, and finishes at a quarter to five.这⼀句中，由对⽐连词and 可知finish与start是互为反义词，知道start是“开始”，便可猜出finish为“结束”。
3．从同义词中挖掘线索。
在含有⽣词的上下⽂中，如果有与之同义或近义的词或表达法，往往能揭⽰⽣词的词义。
例如：West Germany has more lignite, or brown coal, than it knows what to do wits.句中lignite是⽣词，但后⾯的 “or brown coal”是与之同义的表达法，由此可知划线词是“褐煤”的意思。
4．利⽤解释捕捉线索。
如果能从⽣词的前后找到解释性⽂字，就能知道⽣词的词义。
如：On Christmas Eve-the night before Christmas Day- children all over Britain put a stocking at the end of their beds before they go to sleep. 从破折号后⾯给出的解释可知“Christmas Eve”是“圣诞节前夜”的意思。
词义猜测知识摘要一、高考阅读理解词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式1. The word “…” refers to/ probably means ________.2. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ________.3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. By saying “…” we mean ________.5. “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?考点梳理一、利用指代关系猜测找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。
连读前、后段落，主要看前面的句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。
二、利用定义语猜测对于某个陌生词，作者一般会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。
这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。
线索词有that, which, is等。
三、利用定语或同位语猜测通常引出同位语的词有or, that is, in other words等，还有以括号或破折号的形式出现。
在这些标记词后较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
四、利用文章中的举例猜测根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。
五、利用对比或比较的词语猜测运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，可以暗示出生词的含义。
这类词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast to等。
标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
六、利用构词法猜测分析复合词，从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。
浅谈阅读理解之词义猜测的方法近几年来,高考英语阅读理解中的词义猜测题的比例呈上升趋势,这反映了高考阅读理解在不断的从知识型命题过渡到能力型命题的趋势。
在阅读过程中根据选材、背景、及上下文等线索推测出生词词义是真实语言活动中的重要技巧。
因此,掌握一定的猜词技巧,对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
一、猜测词义类题目常见的设问方式1.What’s the meaning of “…”in line …of paragraph….?2. The word “...” in line ...refer to/ probably means _____.3. In line ..., the word “...” refers to _____.4. In line ..., the word “...”could best be replaced by which of the following?5. The word “...” as used in line ... in this passage means _____.6. The word “...”as used in line ... is closest in meaning to ____.7. By “...”, the author means _____.8. What do you think the expression“...” stands for? _____二、猜测词义的方法猜测词义,首先要根据生词在句中的位置和作用,去判断其词性,然后推断词义。
猜测词义大致有以下几种方式:猜测词义时,一般可利用以下三个方面的线索:(一)针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体,所使用的语言通俗易懂,利用它们来猜测词义就比较简单。
高考英语阅读理解之猜测词义技巧猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一，近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，而需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
下面让我们一起看看如何突破此类题吧！1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。
常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
【考例1】（2022年全国乙卷，C篇）29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析：原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。
阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1．单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。
具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。
当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。
(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。
在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。
第九讲阅读理解之猜测词义题【考点说明】阅读理解之猜测词义题在阅读考试中考察得比重不大，但难度很大。
在有传统阅读题型的联盟考试（复旦千分考、北约、卓越同盟）中，四选一的阅读理解有时会考这种题型，其中复旦千分考考查较多，几乎每年都有该题型。
此类题目考查的是考生对阅读文章中出现的关键词或短语的理解能力，对考生的上下文分析能力要求比较高。
【题型特点分析】对于文中单词的考查又无外乎两种情况：一种是多义常用词在特定语境中的具体含义；一种是可以根据上下文推测出含义的生僻词汇。
常见题干表现形式如：①The word“…”mostly probably means…②By saying“…”,the author means…③The word“…”mostly probably refers…④Which of the following is the closet in meaning to the word“…”⑤The statement“…”probably means…【解题技巧】猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一．通过构词法根据前缀，后缀，转化猜测词义如：But judging from recent studies Of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears，both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive．【解析】“counter”表示“相反的、逆向的”，而“productive”表示“产生的”，再综合上下文，我们可以断定其含义是“对健康有害意思。
所以答案为D。
注：关于这一块内容，建议复习第二讲中的构词法二．篇章逻辑关系法所谓逻辑关系法，即通过理解引号内的部分在原文中所在的句子，以及其之前和之后的句子，并通过这些句子之间的逻辑关系判断引号内部分的含义。
高考语文阅读理解中的词义猜测方法高考语文考试中的阅读理解部分是考察学生的阅读和理解能力的重要环节，其中一个常见的考点就是词义猜测。
很多同学在面对陌生词汇时往往感到困惑，不知道如何推测词义。
本文将介绍几种常见的词义猜测方法，帮助同学们在解答阅读理解时更加得心应手。
1. 上下文猜测法上下文猜测法是指通过前后文的语境信息来猜测词义。
在阅读理解中，作者通常会用其他词语或句子来解释、限制或具体描述一个特定词汇。
通过仔细观察前后文的关系，可以推测出该词的意思。
例子：“他长得极为憔悴，面色苍白，瘦得像个纸片人。
”在这句话中，“憔悴”这个词可能是形容人面容憔悴，与后文中的“面色苍白”、“瘦得像个纸片人”相呼应，可以推测出“憔悴”的意思是形容人疲惫不堪、面容憔悴的样子。
2. 词根词缀猜测法词根词缀猜测法是指通过词根、前缀或后缀来推测词义。
在阅读理解中，有些词汇的词义和其他相关词汇的词根、前缀或后缀有关，通过对词根、前缀或后缀的了解，可以猜测出词义。
例子：“他的描述充满了乐观主义，完全没有考虑到实际情况。
”在这句话中，“乐观主义”可能是一个合成词，通过对词根和前缀的分析，可以推测出“乐观主义”的意思是指对事物持乐观态度、坚信美好事物会发生的一种观点。
3. 比喻猜测法比喻猜测法是指通过词语的比喻或类比意义来推测词义。
在阅读理解中，有些词汇可能在字面意义上并不容易理解，但通过将其与其他相关词语进行比较或类比，可以推测出词义。
例子：“他的眼神如烈焰般炙热。
”在这句话中，“炙热”这个词用来形容眼神，通过与“烈焰”进行比喻，可以推测出“炙热”的意思是形容眼神充满激情和热情的样子。
4. 示意词猜测法示意词猜测法是指通过作者提供的示意词来推测词义。
在阅读理解中，有些词汇可能作者会附带提供近义词或近义短语，以便帮助读者推测出词的意思。
例子：“这种冷饮味道极为独特，酸甜可口。
”在这句话中，作者通过提供“酸甜可口”这个示意词，可以推测出“味道极为独特”的意思是指冷饮有一种与众不同的、酸甜可口的味道。
⼀、根据释义猜测词义在有些⽂章中，某些⽣词的词义在下⽂中可以得到解释或说明。
这些解释有时以定义、定语从句、同位语形式出现；有时⽤破折号、括号、冒号、引号等符号引出；还有时⽤that is,or,that is to say,in other words等次引出。
例如：1.Anthropology is the scientific study of man.有定义可知，anthropology就是“研究⼈类的科学”，由此可推出anthropology是“⼈类学”。
2.He takes a special interest in botany which concerns the study of plants.根据定语从句中which concerns the study of plants 可知botany是“植物学”。
3.Capacitance,the ability to store electric charge,is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.由同位语我们可以很快猜出⽣词capacitance的词义——————电容量。
4.The doctor was on the night-shift—from midnight to 8 o'clock.这⾥night-shift的意思可以由破折号后⾯的内容猜出，意思是“夜班”。
5.They are vertebrates,that is,animals that have backbones.这⾥vertebrates的意思可以由that is后⾯的内容猜出，意思是“脊椎动物”。
⼆、通过下⽂所举的例⼦猜测词义在有些⽂章中，下⽂所举的例⼦给读者提供了猜测⽣词的重要线索。
例如：Generally,we like to read periodicals,such as Time Magazine,Newsweek,Reader’sDigest,etc.根据后⾯所举的例⼦可以推断出periodicals的意思是“期刊”。
阅读理解之猜测词义一. 解释:eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily.eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats.◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.二. 上下文:1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious .◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter.e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever.◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.三. 构词法:1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜:minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recallirrelativenonstandarddisloyalunlockco-workeroveractivevice presidente.g. We must safeguard the world peace.A protectB careC preventD to keep safe with gunse.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense.A having no meaningB meaningless wordsC humorous speechD not making sense四. 举例子:e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.e.g.I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.五. 常识;eg: Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.eg: When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.1. In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.2.Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.3.When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.Exercises:1. A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce (确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically these sleepyhead students aren’t used to t he early hour.49. The underlined phrase “nod off” most probably means “ _______”.A.turn aroundB. agree with othersC. fall asleepD. refuse to work2. A heart-warming story tells of a woman who finally decided to ask her boss for a raise in salary. All day she felt nervous and apprehensive. Late in the afternoon she summoned the courage to approach her employer. To her delight, the boss agreed to a raise.54. The underlined word in the second paragraph most probably means______A. worriedB. eagerC. certainD. afraid3. Each region has a distinctive local flavor. Here, we’d like to introduce the best of Chinese cuisine. Now, there might be Chinese restaurants almost everywhere in the world, but I couldn't think of a better place or time to show the charm of it than at the Beijing Olympics.41. The underlined word in paragraph 1 most probably means______A. cookerB. cookC. foodD. tradition4. A bike tour and race will be held on Aug 26 and 27. At 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tiananmen Square and ride the first 35 km as a training leg. Then the next 55 Km leg from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competition.The underlined word “leg” probably means _______.A. raceB. practiceC. part of the trainingD. part of the tour5. One of the predominant concerns today is the future of our natural resources. This issue is of greatest importance because it is becoming clear to many people that our present resources will not last forever.A.importantB. necessaryC. valuableD. useful巩固练习:1.Albert’s success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.3. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.4. She didn’t hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.5. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.6. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.7. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.9. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.10. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.11. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.12. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.。
