引导名词性从句的关联词
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名词性从句在句子中期名词作用的各种从句,统称为名词性从句。
根据它们在句中所起的语法作用,这类从句分别称为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。
1.在主句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。
Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2. 在主句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.3. 在主句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
----Do you remember how he came?----- Yes,I do, he came by car.4.与主句中的名词处于同位关系的从句叫同位语从句。
I had no idea that you were here. 一.引导名词性从句的关联词:连词三个,连接代词五对和连接副词四个。
二.主语从句。
1..主语从句可以直接放在句首,也可用it 作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all. It's known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知,光线直线运行。
2. What…(东西)引导的主语从句一般不用it 作形式主语。
误:It is a book what he wants. 正:What he wants is a book.3. 如果带主语从句的句子时疑问式,则须用it 作形式主语结构:Has it been announced when the planes are to take off ? 飞机什么时候起飞宣布了没有?4. 常见的用it 作形式主语的复合结构:(1)It is ﹢名词﹢that 从句It is a fact ( an honour, a pity, a shame, no wonder, good news,…) that…(2) It is ﹢形容词﹢从句It is necessary ( strange, important, wonderful, possible, impossible, likely, natural, obvious, true, clear, surprising …)注:若形容词为necessary, important, essential, strange 等,从句可用虚拟语气,动词形式为:(should﹢)动词原形。
名词性从句的引导词和用法名词性从句是一个句子在复合句中充当名词的作用。
在句子中起名词的作用的句子叫作名词性从句。
名词性从句可以作主语、宾语、表语或补语。
在引导名词性从句的时候,需要使用特定的引导词。
本文将带您了解名词性从句的引导词以及它们的用法。
一、引导名词性从句的关系代词1. thatthat是最常用的引导名词性从句的关系代词。
通常用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句。
例如:- I believe that he will come.(主语从句)- She said that she was tired.(宾语从句)- The fact that she passed the exam made her parents very happy.(表语从句)2. who/whomwho和whom都是引导名词性从句的关系代词,用来引导主语从句或宾语从句,区别在于who用来代替主语,而whom用来代替宾语。
例如:- The girl who is sitting over there is my best friend.(主语从句)- I met a woman whom I had never seen before.(宾语从句)3. whichwhich通常用来引导主语从句或宾语从句,代替物,用来描述事物和非人称的动物。
例如:- The book which is on the table is mine.(主语从句)- She bought a new car, which made her very happy.(宾语从句)4. whosewhose用来引导名词性从句,表示所属关系。
通常用来引导主语从句或宾语从句。
例如:- The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.(主语从句)- The boy whose sister is a singer is very proud of her.(宾语从句)5. whomwhom用来引导宾语从句,代替人。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词(5个):that (宾语从句或表语从句中"that"有时可以省略)whether, if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词。
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.3. 在从句中做成分的连词.whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下,只可用whether:1. whether引导主语从句并在句首。
eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.2. 引导表语从句。
eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.3. whether从句作介词宾语。
eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由下列词引导:1)从属连词that,whether,if等;2)连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom 等;3) 连接副词how,when,where,why 等。
语法中的名词性从句的引导词和用法在语法中,名词性从句是一个用作名词的句子。
它可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或补语。
名词性从句的引导词起着连接名词性从句和主句的作用。
下面将介绍常见的名词性从句引导词及其用法。
一、引导名词性从句的关系词1.thatthat可以引导名词性从句作为主语、宾语、表语或补语。
例如:- 主语:That he is innocent is beyond doubt.(他是无辜的是毫无疑问的。
)- 宾语:I heard that he is innocent.(我听说他是无辜的。
)- 表语:The fact is that he is innocent.(事实就是他是无辜的。
)- 补语:My belief is that he is innocent.(我相信他是无辜的。
)2.whether/ifwhether和if在引导名词性从句时可以用作连接词,用法相同。
它们常引导一个引导词从句,用来表示“是否”,常用于宾语从句或主语从句的引导词。
例如:- 宾语:I don't know whether/if he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。
)- 主语:Whether/If it will rain tomorrow is uncertain.(明天是否会下雨还不确定。
)3.whowho可引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句。
它用来指代人。
例如:- 主语:Who will win the game is still unknown.(谁将获胜还不知道。
)- 宾语:I don't know who he is.(我不知道他是谁。
)- 表语:The winner depends on who plays better.(胜利者取决于谁打得更好。
)4.whatwhat可以引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句。
它用来指代事物或事实。
例如:- 主语:What she said surprised me.(她说的话让我感到惊讶。
名词性从句的引导词及用法名词性从句是指在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语的从句。
它可以由不同的引导词引导,并根据具体语境和语义需求来确定使用的引导词。
在本文中,我们将探讨名词性从句的引导词及其用法。
一、引导名词性从句的关系代词:关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等。
它们的用法如下:1. that:通常用于引导宾语从句,也可以引导主语、表语从句。
例句:- I believe that you can pass the exam.(我相信你能通过考试。
)- That is what I want.(那就是我想要的。
)2. which:通常用于引导非限制性定语从句,也可以引导宾语从句。
例句:- She showed me her new car, which is very expensive.(她给我看了她的新车,很贵。
)- I don't know which book you are talking about.(我不知道你在说哪本书。
)3. who:用于引导主语从句或非限制性定语从句,指人。
例句:- Who will go to the party is still uncertain.(谁去参加派对还不确定。
)- John, who is my best friend, called me yesterday.(约翰,我的好朋友,昨天给我打电话了。
)4. whom:用于引导宾语从句,指人。
例句:- The person whom I met yesterday is a famous writer.(昨天我遇到的那个人是一位著名作家。
)5. whose:用于引导定语从句,表示所属关系,指人或物。
例句:- The student whose bag was stolen reported it to the police.(那个被偷书包的学生向警察报案了。
初中英语知识点归纳名词性从句的引导词和结构名词性从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或补语等成分。
在名词性从句中,引导词起着引导作用,决定了从句的结构和意义。
本文将对名词性从句中的引导词和结构进行归纳总结。
一、名词性从句的引导词1. 连词 that在许多情况下,名词性从句可以由连词“that”引导。
例如:- I know that he is a good student.(我知道他是一个好学生。
)这里,“that he is a good student”是由“that”引导的名词性从句,在句中作宾语。
2. 连词 if/whether名词性从句还可以由连词“if”或“whether”引导,用于引导间接疑问句等情况。
例如:- I wonder if/whether he will come to the party.(我想知道他是否会来参加聚会。
)这里,“if/whether he will come to the party”是由“if/whether”引导的名词性从句,在句中作宾语。
3. 连词 who/whom/whose/which/what除了“that”和“if/whether”,名词性从句还可以由其他疑问词引导。
例如:- Who is responsible for the accident?(谁对这起事故负责?)这里,“Who is responsible for the accident”是由“Who”引导的名词性从句,在句中作主语。
4. 连词 when/where/why/how名词性从句还可以由疑问副词引导。
例如:- I still remember when we first met.(我仍然记得我们初次见面的时候。
)这里,“when we first met”是由“when”引导的名词性从句,在句中作宾语。
二、名词性从句的结构1. 主语从句名词性从句可以出现在主语的位置。
引导名词性从句的关联词在传统的语法中,有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分;连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。
本书根据最新资料不再作此分类,通称关系代词和关系副词。
引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同,它们分别是:连词:that, whether, if;关系代词:who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;关系副词:when, where, how, why,however, whenever, wherever。
引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。
详细见下表:类别词义在从句中的作用that 无任何词义仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分if和whether 意为“是否”,表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who, what, which,whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever,whichever 有各自自身的意义起连接作用,并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when,where,why,how, however, whenever,wherever 有各自自身的意义起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别连词that在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义;或what/where 从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。
(that在从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分)What caused the accidentis still a complete mystery. 事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that(无任何词意)whether, if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词:What, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, whichever, whomever 连接副词:When, where, how, why, how many, how much, how often一、名词性that-从句主语:That she is still alive is her luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
一、无词义that引导名词性从句时无词义,仅仅起连接或引导从句的作用。
例如:I wish that she would understand me.我希望她能理解我。
It is said that there have been great changes in our hometown.据说,我们的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
The reason he didn't come was that he was ill. 他没有来的原因是他病了。
名词性从句的引导词和结构使用技巧名词性从句是句子中作为名词成分的从句,它可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等功能。
正确使用名词性从句可以使句子结构更加丰富和灵活,增强句子表达的准确性和语言的地道性。
本文将介绍名词性从句的引导词和结构使用技巧。
引导名词性从句的关联词包括连接代词、连接副词和连接连词等。
下面分别介绍这些关联词及其使用技巧。
一、连接代词连接代词有who, whom, which, that和whose等。
它们分别引导主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。
使用时需要注意以下几点:1. who引导的从句常用作主语或宾语从句,其宾语从句可以有形容词、副词和介词短语修饰。
例如:- Who will be the new manager has not been decided yet.(主语从句)- She asked me who I was waiting for.(宾语从句)- He is the student who is always punctual.(定语从句)- The question of who will be responsible for the project remains unanswered.(同位语从句)2. whom引导的从句用作宾语从句,常常出现在动词或介词后,用于替代宾格人称代词。
例如:- She is the girl whom I met yesterday.(宾语从句)- To whom did you give the book?(宾语从句)3. which引导的从句用作主语或宾语从句,既可以代替事物,也可以代替前面整个句子。
例如:- Which will be the best choice is still under discussion.(主语从句)- I can't decide which to choose.(宾语从句)4. that既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导主语从句和表语从句,与which相似。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that ,whether ,if 不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.连接副词:when, where, how, why不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.[编辑本段]二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
引导名词性从句的关联词在传统的语法中,有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分;连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。
本书根据最新资料不再作此分类,通称关系代词和关系副词。
引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同,它们分别是:连词:that, whether, if;关系代词:who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;关系副词:when, where, how, why,however, whenever, wherever。
引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。
详细见下表:类别词义在从句中的作用that 无任何词义仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分if和whether 意为“是否”,表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who, what, which,whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自自身的意义起连接作用,并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever 有各自自身的意义起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别连词that在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义;或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。
(that在从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分)What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。
(What在从句中作主语)2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。
that与whether都是连词,引导名词性从句时,在句中只起连接作用,都不担任句子成分,使用时有下列区别:(1)动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时,肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句;否定句don’t doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。
I don’t doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。
(此处不用whether)Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗?(此处不用whether)I doubt whether it is true.我怀疑那不是真的。
比较:doubt表示“不信”解时,表示强烈的不相信时,在陈述句中可接that从句。
I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他会留在那里。
(2)that本身无意义,有时可以省略;whether本身有意义,在句中均不可省略。
He said (that) he was from New York.他说他是从纽约来的。
(that无意义,可以省略)Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去没定下来。
(whether 有意义,不可以省略)(3)如果宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一时,只能用whether(or not),不可用that。
I wonder whether he knew the manager(or not).我不知道他是否认识经理。
(不能用that)I am not sure whether he will come.他来不来我没把握。
(不能用that)(4)whether引导的从句能几乎作所有介词的宾语;that引导的从句只能作except, but, besides 的介词宾语。
I have no interest in whether he will come.我对他来与否不感兴趣。
(不能用that)He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes.他是个好孩子,只是有时有点粗心。
3、whether和if的区别(1)whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句,而if不能。
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll lend him the money.我还没决定是否把钱借给她。
(不能用if)They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。
(不能用if)(2)whether可以应到所有的名词性从句,而if只能引导宾语从句;在引起主语从句时,特别是主语从句在句首时,不能用if,除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。
Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 2000年奥运会是否在北京举行还不知道。
(不能用if)Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.问题是这值不值得做。
我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。
(不能用if)The question whether we need it has not been decided.我们需不需要它还没定。
(不能用if)(3)whether后可以直接跟or not或or no,构成whether or not或whether or no,if则不能。
但可以说whether/if… or not, whether/if… or。
I don't know whether or not he'll come.我不知道他是否会来。
(不能用if)He will leave for Paris tomorrow, whether or no.他明天无论如何要动身去巴黎了。
(不能用if)I don’t care whether/ if you come or not.我不关心你来与否。
(4)if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语,whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。
I don't care if you won't come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。
He does n’t care if you don’t pay the money.你付不付钱他不在乎。
(5)whether …or可以引导让步状语从句,or不可省略;if可以引导条件状语从句。
Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪,我都骑车去。
If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 如果给他更多的时间,他会做得更好。
(6)whether可以和不定式连用,而if不能。
He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说。
They haven’t decided whether to go there or not.他们还没决定去不去。
(7)whether和if引导的宾语从句,可以用肯定,也可以用否定,但含义不同。
He asked whether she could help.他问她是否能帮忙。
(表示疑问,可加or not)He asked whether she couldn’t help.他认为她能帮忙。
(表示否定,不可加or not)巧记whether与if异同“whether”与“if”都可表“是否”,是常考内容。
下面的顺口溜可帮你记住其异同。
主从表从同位从,if不用whether用;discuss和介词后,whether引宾从;不定式、or not后面跟,whether独能显神通;宾从如是否定句,if发挥其功用;避免歧义要慎重,其它情况可换用。
4、关系代词与关系副词引起的名词性从句的应当注意的问题(1)wh-ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句:whatever = anything that,whoever=anyone who, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指;而what,which,who,when,where,how等词都有时含有疑问意义,表示特指。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do. 计算机只能按人们的指令去做事。
(特指)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 普遍认为,孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举。
(泛指)It was a matter of who would take the position.问题是谁担当这个职位。
(特指)Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.不论谁救了这个溺水孩子都值得表扬。
(泛指)(2)介词后的who/whom,whoever/whomever的选择问题,则要看连接词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定,如在从句中作主语则只能选用who/whoever。
Give them to whoever is likely to be interested.把他们送给感兴趣的人。
(不能用whomever)Who do you think is the best student?你认为谁是最好的学生。
(不能用whom)Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.塞拉希望成为和她能同甘共苦的人的朋友。
(3)正确使用who/ whoever,what/whatever,how/however,where/wherever,when/whenever,which/whichever,who,what,where,when,how,which一要分析句子结构,看其在从句中作何成分,二是理清其在句中的含义。