高考英语大一轮复习3Unit3Inventorsandinventions知能演练轻松闯关含解析新人教版选修8

2020版高考英语一轮复习第1部分U n i t3I n v e n t o r s a n d i n v e n t i o n s教学案含解析新人教版选修8 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIANUnit 3 Inventors and inventions[单词拼写应用]核心单词1．distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别2．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺3．file n．文件；档案；文件夹vt.提交；将……归档4．dial vt.拨(电话)5．bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担6．tap vt.& vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n．轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头7．stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的8．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的9．practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的10．ripe adj.成熟的；熟的11．abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地12．product n．产品[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．I dialed (dial) 120 and waited there until she was taken to hospital.2．He's too young to_distinguish(distinguish) right from wrong，and needs your guidance.3．That girl tapped(tap) her fingers on the desk impatiently.4．In my opinion，only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.5．The abrupt (abruptly) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy.6．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical (practice)．I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting.拓展单词1．criterion n．(评判的)标准；尺度→(pl.)criteria2．mercy n．宽恕；仁慈→merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情的3．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便，便利；适宜→conveniently adv.便利地，方便地4．caution n．小心，谨慎→cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地，谨慎地5．expect v．预料；期待；期望；认为→expectation n．预料；期待；期望6．innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence n．天真，清白7．recognize vt.认出，识别；承认→recognition n．认出；认可；承认8．freeze v．冰冻→freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→frozen adj.冻结的9．occasion n．时机，机会；场合→occasional adj.偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的→occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地10．associate vt.联想；联系n．同伴；伙伴→association n．协会；联合；关联[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ.单项填空1．(2013·湖北襄樊四中期末考试)A well­written composition ________ a good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A．calls on B．calls forC．calls up D．calls off解析：call for 需要。

call on 号召，拜访某人；call up 使回忆起；call off 取消。

答案：B2．(2013·济南外国语学校质检)The man who hit 9 people in a row had drunk so much that his mind could no longer ________ between fantasy and reality.A．distinguish B．discourageC．disturb D．disappear解析：distinguish区分。

句意：连续撞了九人的那位男人喝了如此多的酒以致于他的大脑不能再区分虚幻与现实。

答案：A3．(2013·武汉调研)When it comes to second­hand cars, one has to be as ________ as possible about the source and the condition of them.A．cautious B．patientC．urgent D．casual解析：cautious 小心的，谨慎的。

句意：当谈及二手车时，你要尽可能对它的来源和状况小心。

patient 耐心的；urgent 紧急的；casual 随便的。

答案：A4．The rescuers ________ to work as soon as they arrived at the spot of the accident.A．set out B．set offC．set up D．set in解析：考查词组辨析。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ.阅读理解AEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle without any problems.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practical sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us”．篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

话题38 创造家与创造〔Unit 3 Inventors and inventions〕晨读背诵根底知识自测一、单词拓展(A)根据音标及词义写出英文单词｡1.distinguish [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ] vi. & vt.显示……差异;使……有所不同;区分2.merciful [ˈmɜːsɪfʊl] adj.宽大;仁慈;慈悲→mercy [ˈmɜːsɪ] n.宽大;仁慈3.product [ˈprɒdʌkt] n.产品4.abrupt [əˈbrʌpt] adj.突然;意外→abruptly [ә'brʌptlɪ] adv.突然地,唐突地5.convenient [kənˈviːnɪənt] adj.便利,方便,就近→convenience [kənˈviːnɪəns] n.方便,便利→conveniently [kənˈviːnɪəntlɪ]adv.便利地,方便地6.caution [ˈkɔ:ʃən] n.小心,慎重→cautious [ˈkɔ:ʃəs] adj.小心,慎重→cautiously[ˈkɔ:ʃəslɪ] adv.小心地,慎重地7.passive [ˈpæsɪv] adj.被动;消极;被动语态8.seize [si:z] vt.抓住;捉住;夺9.file [faɪl] n.文件;档案;文件夹vt.提交;将……归档10.freezing [friːzɪŋ] adj.冰冻;严寒→freeze [friːz] v.冰冻11.innocent [ˈɪnəsənt] adj.清白;无罪;天真→innocence [ˈɪnəsəns] n.天真,清白12.bear [beə(r)] vt.忍受;忍耐;负担13.tap [tæp] vt.轻打;轻拍;轻敲n.轻轻地敲击(声);(水)龙头14.current [ˈkʌrənt] n.(水或气)流;电流adj.现在;当前15.stable [ˈsteɪb(ə)l] adj.稳固;稳定;安定16.associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] vt.联想;联系n.同伴,伙伴17.practical [ˈpræktɪk(ə)l] adj.实际;实践;实用18 petence [ˈkɒmpətəns] n.能力;胜任;本领(B)单词活用用所给词正确形式填空｡1. I’m sorry, but I don’t know there is an abrupt ( abruptly)change of plan.2. As expected (expect), the sales manager gave in his notice at work today.3. We should try our best to put the enemy in a passive ( passive) position.4. As we all know, newspapers influence the current ( currently) of thought.5. I have heard two versions (version) of the accident.6．It’s freezing (freeze) outside. You’d better put on more clothes. 7．Your invention is ingenious, but not very practical (practice).8．I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience (convenient)．二、短语互译及运用(A)短语互译1.call up 给……打2.now and then 偶尔;有时3.set about 开场;着手4.dive into 迅速把手伸入;一心投入5.set out (to do) 开场(做)6.hang on 不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住7.out of order 次序颠倒;发生故障8.get through 设法联系上(尤指打通);(设法)做完;通过9.ring back 回复10.ring off 挂断(B)灵活运用选择以上恰当词组填空｡1. The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.2. Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.3. These old photos called up childhood memories.4. I set out to knit(编织) a sweater but in the end it became a vest.5. He's not in; why don't you ring back after 6 o'clock6. He takes my sister out to the theatre now and then.7. My clock is out of order and waked me up at 3 this morning.三、课文语法填空When I called up my mother in the countryside 1 the telephone she was upset. There were some snakes in the courtyard 2 came near the house now and then. I think here was a chance for me to distinguish 3 by inventing something to catch the snakes 4 I set about working on some approaches. Finally I came up with an easy 5 convenient way: I put a bowl with some ice-cubes in it 6 the snakes’ habitat to make them sleepy, then I used a small net 7 (collect) the passive snakes and the next day I merrily released them all back 8 the wild. I was satisfied with my invention that I decided to seize the opportunity to apply 9 a patent. So I sent my invention to the patent office to get recognition. And 10 after I have had the recognition can I say that I am truly an inventor.【答案】1. on 2. which/ that 3. myself 4. so 5. and 6. over 7. to collect 8. into 9. for 10. only重点词汇精讲精练1. distinguish vt.区分；识别；〔常与from, between连用〕区别；区分背诵The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom这个人因智慧而扬名。

2021年高考英语一轮精选练Unit3Inventorsandinventions（含解析）新人教版选修8李仕才一、阅读明白得。

(2020·合肥高三调研性检测)In our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted. We only treasure things when they are gone. This is a sad truth of human nature. One day, I found myself as a witness to a similar situation.One evening, I left work and boarded the train. After entering, I noticed something unusual. The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowde d with people standing. I didn’t pay mu ch attention and sat down on one of the empty seats. I sensed a funny smell. It wasn’t long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me. He was bleeding from his nose. Why wasn’t anyone helping him?His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell. Along with the smell, his eyes were dull, watery, and red. Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had committed a crime. As the train stopped at stations and more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him. All the seats around him were empty.Suddenly, he began to swear at the people around him. A plain­clothes police officer who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man. The officer, not wanting to touch the homeless man, told him his rights and directed him to exit the train. As the officer walked the man out of the train, the homeless man turned around and said “MY HOME！” and started crying.A man doesn’t value things until they are gone. If he didn’t have a home, at least he had freedom. Now he has neither. No one wants to help someone who won’t help himself.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions李仕才一、阅读理解A new “smart bin” could mean the end of environment-conscious families spending hours sorting tins, cartons, bottles, and cardboard for recycling.The invention, which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate. It is being trialed in Poland and is set to go on sale in UK within a few years.The bin, designed by start-up company Bin.E, recognizes different type of waste via a system positioned inside the bin which uses sensors, image recognition and artificial intelligence. Once waste is placed inside, the camera and sensor identify its type and place it in one of the smaller bins. Then it compresses the waste so it occupies less space.It is thought that the bin could be stocked by department stores such as John Lewis, which said it is introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins. Matt Thomas, a buyer at John Lewis, gave us the reason, “We’ve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales, with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone. We have noticed our customers are becoming more and more focused on sustainability. In response to this demand, we are really excited to introduce a smart bin this autumn/winterseason-designed to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home."Bin. E’s official release on the market will take place in 2018. However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available. The office bin will sell at £ 430 while customers will need to pay a £ 107 subscript ion fee for an accompanying smartphone app, which hooks them up with collection services. A spokesman at Bin. E said that home version of the bin will be cheaper and will not include a monthly payment.They added: “After the office version, we plan to crea te an outdoor version and later the home version. We decided to go for the outdoor version for public areas first because it is more difficult to organize an efficient waste segregating system than in our homes.”1.What do we know about about a new “smart bin” from the first paragraph?A. It works automatically.B. It has been used widely.C. It is easy to operate.D. It is very expensive.2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The waste.B. The camera.C. The bin.D. The sensor.3.Why is John Lewis introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins?A. To change people’s behaviour,B. To satisfy increasing demands.C. To popularize new technology.D. To make them more famous.4.Where will the first version of new “smart bin” be used according to Bin. E’s official?A. At home.B. In the supermarket.C. In the open air.D. In the office.【文章大意】本文介绍了一款可以智能分类垃圾的“智能垃圾箱”。

全国通用版 2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions讲义新人教版选修Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(教材P20)这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈东西，既可以把蛇抓到又不会伤害到它们。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ distinguish...from... 使……有别于……distinguish between...and 区分/辨别……和……distinguish oneself (in/by/as ) (在……方面/ 以……/作为……)表现突出；使自己名扬(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧distinguished adj .卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for ＝be famous/(well )known for因……而出名(3)distinguishable adj .易分辨的；能区分的 ①Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to distinguish between right and wrong.阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。

②Danie l Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it's important to distinguish television's influences on children from those of the family.著名心理学家丹尼尔·安德森认为区分电视和家庭对儿童的影响是很重要的。

③Distinguished (distinguish) for its magnificent church towers, the city is an attraction to visitors from all over the world.以其宏伟的教堂建筑而闻名遐迩，这座城市吸引了来自世界各地的游客。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Ⅰ.阅读理解(2020·江西省重点高中盟校第一次联考) In the remote mountains of South Korea，about as far away as one can get from the country's high tech cities，teenage Internet addicts are turning up for a 12 day boot camp.Kyle Won's addiction is out of control. He spends 10 hours a day on the Internet. Now Kyle's smartphone is taken away.“I'm really worried because I won't have my phone for 12 days but I trust other things will fill my time，” he said. The teachers here do what they can to get them socializing again; for many，the only friends they have had are online.“I have relationships on the Internet and a real distance has grown with my real life friends and I know it's not good，” Kyle said. The teachers show them other possibilities and bring back dreams and hopes that have been buried by their addictions. “We teach them methods of self managing their desire to use the Internet so they can continue to use them when they go back home，” Shim Yong chool，a teacher here，said. After just two days Kyle said it was helping. He's set a good example to others though he hasn't reached the goal completely.South Korean psychiatrists (精神病学家) are urging more actions as they are finding evidence that too much screen time is a barrier to the developing minds. Professor Kang Seak Young from Dankook University said the addiction was damaging critical thinking. “It affects the frontal lobes(额叶) which are important for critical analysis，”Professor Kang said.“ Reading a book while guessing what happens in the story next shows activity in frontal lobes but playing popular computer games for a long time shows no activity.”South_Korea_is_one_of_the_most_wired_nations_on_Earth，but_it_does_have_a_cost.One in every 10 kids is an addict，so the country is now learning how to manage its high tech future to avoid more serious consequences.语篇解读每10个韩国青少年中就有1个染上网瘾。