英国文学复习资料汇编

I. Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages :the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons <Beowulf>贝奥武夫1340(?)~1400 ?乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里The father of English poetry.<The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：①) by middle English (双韵体‘heroic couplet'first time to use<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德②The House of Fame>声誉之宫③ <II The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstreamof the English Renaissance.the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, Renaissance:the 17th extending to beginning in the 14th century and and learning in Europe century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.rebirth or revival:–Three historical events of the Renaissancenew discoveries in geography and astrology1.the religious reformation and economic expansion2.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture3. The most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1564~1616 威廉?莎士比亚William Shakespeare①Historical plays:Henry VI 亨利六世; Henry IV : Richard III 查理三世; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII②Four Comedies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜;< A Midsummer Night'S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;<Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗;<King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually iniambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.⑤the comedy of errors 错中错，Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯，The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记Love's labour's lost （爱的徒劳）Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Much ado about nothing（无事生非）The merry wives of Windsor. 温莎的风流娘们King John 约翰王All's well that ends well 终成眷属Measure for measure（一报还一报）EnglishLifeSingle and Marriage Of Beauty; Of Studies;Of Bacon:，Bourgeois Revolution Advancement of Learning>学术的推进<The ：the period of the English bourgeois revolution. III：1608~1674Milton力士参孙); Paradise Lost; Samson Agonistes ( 复乐园<ParadiseOn the morning of Christ's Nativity，Regained> <Areopagitica>论出版自由<On His Blindness>我的失明为英国人民声辩<The Defence of the English People>Bunyan: 1628~1688天路历程Allegory:<The Pilgrim's Progress>①ReligionaryGrace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner;the Holy War).John Don: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人the diction is simple, the imagery is from 玄学诗)：（用语）Metaphysical Poetry(s beloved, the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet'（主题：love, religious, thought）with god, or with himself.歌与十四行诗，Songs And Sonnets跳蚤Forbbiding Mourning，The Flea;Hely sonnetsemergent occasions 突变引起的诚念：IV The 18th Century Enlightenmentrestrainedorder, logic, interest in the old classical works, A revival of) and accuracyemotion(抑制情感the furtherance of the movement was a The Age ofEnlightenment/Reason:thth movement, intellectual centries, a 15Renaissance of the progressive and 16th century)reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18小说崛起novel English newly literary form, modern ：In the mid-century, the) 现实主义小说rised(realistic novelmystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of 哥特式小说Gothic novel()：century)1667~1745Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。

[标签:标题]篇一：英国文学史复习资料整理(1)? historical background: the making of BritainA. Briton (Celtic tribes)B. the Roman Conquest---Roman Briton1th Julius CaesarA.D.43 ClaudiusC. mid-5th Anglo-Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes)Anglo-Saxon periodD. Danish invasionlate 8th, Daneslate 9th, Alfred the Greatthe literaturethe literature of this period falls naturally isto two divisions—pagan and Christianpagan represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagasChristian represents the writings developed under teaching of the monks..All of the earliest poetry of England was copied by the monks, and seems to have been more or less altered to give it a religious coloring.The angles, an important Teutonis tribe, furnished the name for the new home, which was called Angle-land afterward shortened into England. The language spoken by these tribes is generally called Anglo-Saxon or Saxon.Literary term★Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.(examples: Iliad, Odyssey, Chanson de Roland)2. Beowulf–national epic★the longest and most monument of A-S poems★the oldest surviving epic in British literature.? oral form (6th), earliest written record (7th or 8th)? set in Denmark and SwedenBeowulf1. 3183 lines2. contents:Beowulf centers on the narration of the exploits of the heroic figure beowulf.3 adventuresMonster---GrendelGrendel’s motherfiery dragonTheme: primitive people’s struggle against hostile forces of the natural world under a wise andmighty leader.Beowulf is not simply a man of great military prowess but he is forever eager to help others in distress and in his last adventure with the dragon he shows himself a worthy leader ready to sacrifice his own life for the welfare of his people.Features:＊part-historical and part legendary＊heathen tribal society, feudal elements, Christian coloring ＊A-S or old English; alliteration metaphorIn the year 1066, at the battle of Hastings, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.Brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure.England literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.The three chief effects of the conquest were1. the bringing of Roman civilization to England2. the growth of nationality a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes3. the new language and literature were proclaimed in Chaucer1 the Norman conquest accelerated the development of feudalism. ? on land: the ruling class possessed large tracts of land? on society: distinct class division, miseries of peasants? on language: scholar wrote in French and Latin; eiched English.The development of romance and knights’legends★Romance: A long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble man. The central character is the Knight, who has a noble birth, is skillful in the use of weapon and devotes to the church or King. The rules governing the manners and morals of a knight are known as chivalry.? Themes of romance:the matter of Britain—king Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (Arthurian romances) the matter of France—Charlemagne and his knights (Chanson deRoland)the matter of Rome—from the Trojan War to Alexander the GreatKing Arthur:＊historical figure of Celts; mythological figure in Welsh literature; ＊legendary hero in? Geoffery of Monmouth: “History of the Kings of Britain”? Layamon: “Brut”? Sir Tomas Malory: “Le Morte D?Arthur”? Anglo-Saxon? Later legends about a hero named Arthur were placed in this period of violence. The invaders were variously Angles, Saxons, Frisians, Jutes, but were similar in culture and eventually identified themselves indifferently as Angles or Saxons.The most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend—―Sir Gawain and the Green Knight‖(four sections)a.The fight between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight at King Arthur?s Christmas feast.b. Gawain?s adventures on the way to find the Green Knight of the Green Chapel篇二：英国文学史及选读__复习要点总结《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”13. Francis Bacon “essays”esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。

英国文学期末复习一、选择1、浪漫主义时期开始的标志：the publication of the Lyrical Ballads(1798) Wordsworth.结束：the death of Sir Walter Scott.18322、湖畔派诗人（Lake Poets)：Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey.3、Charles Lamb(查尔斯兰姆）：He is important in English literature for his contribution to the Familiar Essay(随笔/小品文）4、Walter Scott(沃尔特司各特）：the founder and great master of the historical novels(历史小说之父）。

5、Browning(布朗宁）：the contribution to the English literature is dramatic monologue(戏剧独白）。

6、Emily Bronte(艾米丽勃朗特）的小说特点：Gothic novel eg.Wuthering Heights7、George Bernard Shaw(肖伯纳）：Shaw's main contribution to English literature is his drama.8、Thomas Stearns Eliot(艾略特）：代表作 The Waste Land(荒原）9、Steam of consciousness(意识流）的2位代表作家：JamesJoyce,Virginia WoolfAngry Young Man（愤怒的青年）出自John Osborne's 10、play Look Back in Angry(愤怒的回顾）。

11、只有1部代表作的作家及作品：William Makepeace Thackeray(萨克雷）：Vanity Fair(名利场）Emily Bronte(艾米丽勃朗特）：Wuthering Heights(呼啸山庄）Joseph Conrad:Heart of Darkness(黑暗心脏）George Bernard Shaw:Major Barbara(芭芭拉少女）12、Wordsworth defines poetry as ?the spontaneous overflow of feelings?(一切好诗都是强烈情感的自然流露）。

1、The Romans built roads, walls, garrisons and villas, and it was during the Roman occupation that London was founded. The Roman occupation also brought Christianity to Britain.2、People in the Kingdom were called English. The Anglo-Saxon dialect is what we now called Old English.3、The greatest literary achievement during this period is Beowulf (the national epic of English people), a 3183-line alliterative verse.4、Beowulf is the most important poem in Old English and it is the first major poem in European vernacular language. (Beowulf battle with Grendel, battle with Grendel’s mother, battle with a fire dragon.)5、The Norman Conquest accelerated the development of feudalism in England.6、For almost two hundred years after 1066, three languages ---native English, Norman-French, and Latin. (during Norman Conquest)7、The language in this transitional stage from Old English to Modern English is generally known as Middle English.8、Most of the English romances deal with three majorthemes: the Matter of Britain, the Matter of France, the Matter of Rome.9、The most important literary contribution of this period is Geoffrey Chaucer‟s The Canterbury Tales, which is a collection of twenty-four stories.10、Geoffrey Chaucer was the first great poet to write in the English language and exerted great influence on making the dialect of London the standard for modern English speech. Because of all this, Chaucer is considered as the “father of English poetry”.11、During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, there arose an intellectual movement known as the Renaissance, or the rebirth of letters. Renaissance first started in Italy in the 14th century and flourished in France, Germany, Spain and Britain in the 15th and 16th centuries. It saw the revival of art and sciences. People became interested in classical literature and many Greek and Latin works were translated into English. The most important characteristics of this movement are the exaltation of man and an absorption in earthly life.12、They believed that man could mould the worldaccording to his will and attain happiness by removing the external checks.13、Among the giants of the Renaissance :Thomas Moore wrote Utopia.Francis Bacon is best known for his essays. (Of Study)Edmund Spenser was considered as the “poet‟s poet”. His The Faerie Queene has been generally regarded as his masterpiece. The Faerie Queene represents Queene Elizabeth, and the poem thus sings praises to the greatest glorious queen.William Shakespeare wrote four tragedies: Macbeth, Hamlet(To be, or not to be, that is the question), Othello and King Lear. He is associated with the term soliloquy(内心独白).Christopher Marlowe(文学改革第一人) was the most gifted of the “university wits”, and the greatest pioneer of English drama. His works include Tamburlaine, The Jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus （the confinement to time 时间的局限性）. Some of Doctor Faustus‟s utterances are great poetry expressed inforceful and beautiful blank verse（马洛是第一个提出）which became known as “Marlowe‟s mighty line”.14、John Milton was a great poet of the time. His masterpiece, Paradise Lost（in blank verse; 取材于the Old Testament 圣经旧约）, is an epic.15、John Bunyan wrote The Pilgrim’s Progress. Its heroes, Christian(spiritual experience，Celestial City 圣城) and Faithful, came to Vanity Fair(名利场).16、The Pilgrim‟s Progress was written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream. The allegory depicts the Puritan struggle for freedom of worship, the eternal struggle of man to find unity with God. The purpose is to urge people to seek salvation through constant struggle with their weaknesses and social evils.17、The most noticeable are the Metaphysical Poets and the Cavalier Poets.18、The Metaphysical Poets: John Donne wrote The Flea.19、The Cavalier Poets: Robert Herrick wrote Gather Ye Rose Buds while Ye May (体现了要珍惜当下).20、The Enlighteners considered “enlightenment”or “education” of the people to be their chief mission. The eighteenth century is thus known as “the Age of Reason”.21、Neo-classicism in the early 18th century emphasis on reason rather than emotion; preference for elegance, correctness, symmetry, clearness and appropriateness; focus on “town”and “society”instead of nature or country things.22、The representatives of Sentimentalism were discontent with the social reality and the so-called reason which the Neo-classicists appealed to.23、Daniel Defoe (father of modern English novel) wrote Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨逊漂流记）which was sometimes regarded as the first English novel. Its hero stayed with Friday and is the prototype of a true empire-builder, a coloniser as well as a foreign trader.24、Jonathan Swift(以satire/irony 见长) wrote Gulliver’s Travels: a voyage to Lilliput; a voyage to Brobdingnag; a voyage to a Flying Island ---Laputa; a voyage to the country of Houyhnhnm that saved Gulliver from the human-like creatures, Yahoos.25、The most famous writers of the Pre-romanticism are William Blake and Robert Burns.26、William Blake wrote Songs of Innocence(from children‟s view) and Songs of Experience (from adults‟view). London and The Chimney Sweeper came from Songs of Experience.27、Robert Burns（苏格兰民族主义诗人）that are divided into 4 groups. The first is about love and friendship, like A Red, Red Rose and Auld Lang Syne （友谊地久天长,苏格兰方言）. The second has to do with the Scottish life. The third deals with the theme of patriotism, like My Heart’s in the Highland（repetition and parallelism)attitude towards liberty, equality and fraternity（受美国独立战争和法国大革命影响）28. The influenced of the French Revolution soon spread its watchwords “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity”to almost every corner of the world.29. Romanticism in England began with the publication of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge‟s Lyrical Ballads. And the essence of Romanticism is to reflect all that is spontaneous and unaffected in nature and man.30. Lake Poets(passive romanticists): Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey. 31 .Active romanticists: Byron, Shelley and Keats.32 .William Wordsworth gives his famous definition of poetry:“poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind.”代表作：I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud33.George Gordon Byron (拜伦): In these works, the so-called Byronic hero, an idealized but flawed character, made its appearance.代表作：Don Juan(瑭瑝) Don Juan, the hero, has adventures to all the major European countries and takes part in various social, political and historical events. 34. Percy Bysshe Shelley(雪莱)：Ozymandias、Ode to the West Wind(西风颂，if winter comes, can spring be far behind?功能：that both destroys and preserves the revival in the spring.)、To a Sky-Lark(致云雀)35.John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale(夜莺颂)、To Autumn(秋颂). Autumn, as it always is, represents growth, maturation, and ultimately an approaching death.36. Jane Austen：Pride and Prejudice(傲慢与偏见，中上层阶级)37. The mid-and-late 19th century is generally known as the Victorian age.38. William Makepeace Thackeray (萨克雷)，代表作：《Vanity Fair》名利场》主人公：Amelia Sedley and Rebecca Sharp. It‟s name from the seat of corruption in Bunyan‟s allegory, Pilgrim‟s Progress.(选自班羊的《天路历程》。

英国文学复习资料一、名词解释1.Byronic Heroes:1)the Byronic hero, characterized by Byron‟s ex—lover Lady CarolineLamb, first appeared in Byron‟s semi—autobiographical epic narrativepoem”Childe Harold‟s Pilgrimage” (恰尔德哈罗德游记) in 1812—1818.2)Byronic hero is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, againsttyrannical rules or moral principles.3)Representative: Gordon Byron Don Juan2.Conceit:1)is a figure of speech which makes an unusual and sometimes elaboratelysustained comparison between two dissimilar things.2)In literature, a conceit is an extended metaphor with a complex logic thatgoverns a poetic passage or entire poem. By juxtaposing, usurping andmanipulating images and ideas in surprising ways, a conceit invites thereader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object ofcomparison. Extended conceits in English are part of the poetic idiom ofMannerism, during the later sixteenth and early seventeenth century.3)Representative: John Donne 17th century “The flea”3.Metaphysical poetry:1)About the beginning of the 17th century appeared a school of poets called“Metaphysicals” by Samuel Johnson, the 18th century writer2)The works of the metaphysical poets are characterized by mysticism incontent and fantasticality in form.3)John Donne is the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry.His work: “The flea” Andrew Marvell ”To His Coy Mistress”4.The Renaissance:1)It is a cultural and artistic movement from the 14th century to the 17thcentury, beginning in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread allover Europe.2)It marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Twofeatures are striking of this movement: a thirsting curiosity for classicalliterature; The keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism isthe key-note of the Renaissance.3)Representatives: William Shakespeare “Hamlet” Thomas More Utopia5.Romanticism in English poetry:1)Romanticism prevailed in England during the period 1798-1832. Itexpressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social stratawho were discontent with, and opposed to, the development ofcapitalism.2)Imagination, emotion and freedom are the focal points of romanticism.The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include:subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules;solitary life rather than life in society; the beliefs that imagination issuperior to reason; and love of and worship of nature.3)Representatives: William Wordsworth “Lyrical Ballads” Jane AustenPride and Prejudice6.Dramatic Monologue:1)It first appeared in 1842, represented by Robert Browning‟s “My LastDuchess”.The Victorian period represented the high point of the dramatic monologue in English poetry.2)It is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one ormore listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.3)Representatives: Robert Browning “My Last Duchess”“Home-thoughts from abroad” Elizabeth Barrett Browning “Sonnetsfrom the Portuguese”7.The Stream of Consciousness:1)It is a psychological term indicating “the flux of conscious andsubconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any giventime independently of the person‟s will.” In late 19th century to 20thcentury2)It is a narrative mode. It is a literary technique that presents the thoughtsand feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by theauthor.3)Representatives: Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway James JoyceUlysses8.Epiphany:1)It first appeared with James Joyce‟s Araby in the 20th century. It refers todeep insights that might be gained through incidents and circumstanceswhich seem outwardly insignificant.2)Representative: James Joyce Araby9.Critical Realism:1)It flourished in the forties and the beginning of the fifties. It refers to theworks studying the reality with a critical point of view. It attempts toreflect reaility faithfully and recreate the familiar everyday life; adopts acritical tone.2)The English critical realists criticized capitalist society from a democraticviewpoint and described the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality.3)Representatives: Dickens Great Expectations A Tale of Two Cities二、问答题1.Robert Browning(戏剧独白): “My Last Duchess”1)Dramatic Monologue: In literature, it refers to the occurrence of a singlespeaker saying sth. to a silent audience.2)“My Last Duchess” is a poem by Robert Browning, frequentlyrecognized as an example of the dramatic monologue. The poem iswritten in 28 rhymed couplets of iambic pentameter.3)This poem is loosely based on historical events involving Alfonso, theDuke of Ferrara, who lived in the 16th century. The Duke is the speakerof the poem, and tells us he is entertaining an emissary who has come tonegotiate the Duke‟s marriage (he has recently been widowed) to thedaughter of another powerful family. It is a typical example in which theduke, speaking to a non-responding audience reveals:A.The reasons for his disapproval of the behavior of his former duchessB.Some tyrannical and merciless aspects of his own personality4）Writing Styles:A.Dramatic monologueB.Rhythms are too fast, too rough and unmusicalC.Syntax is clipped and highly compressedD.Similes and illustrations appear too profuselyE.Allusions and implications are odd and far-fetched-obscurity2.Virginia Woolf(意识流) “Mrs. Dalloway”1) it is a novel by Virginia Woolf that details a day in the life of ClarissaDalloway, a fictional high-society woman in post-First World War England. It is one of Woolf's best-known novels, adopting the technique of the stream ofconsciousness. Nonlinear narrative structure and frequently changingnarrative perspective.2) Stream of consciousness: it is a psychological term indicating “the flux ofconscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind atany given time independently of the person‟s will.” In late 19th century to 20thcentury3) With an interior perspective, the story travels forwards and back in timeand in and out of the characters' minds to construct an image of Clarissa's lifeand of the inter-war social structure.4) Themes : the novel has two main narrative lines involving two separatecharacters (Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Smith); within each narrativethere is a particular time and place in the past that the main characters keepreturning to in their minds. For Clarissa, the "continuous present" (GertrudeStein's phrase) of her charmed youth at Bourton keeps intruding into herthoughts on this day in London. For Septimus, the "continuous present" of his time as a soldier during the "Great War" keeps intruding, especially in theform of Evans, his fallen comrade.3.W illiam Blake “The Ty ger”1)William Blake is an important poet representing the pre-romanticism inEnglish literature in whose masterpiece“The Tiger”the structural identicalness between the enlarged metaphor "tiger" and the deafening "anvil music"represents the splendid "making process of the tiger".2) ”The Tyger”, included in “Songs of Experience”, is one of Blake'sbest-known poems.3) Theme: God‟s creativityTone: rationalRhythm: blacksmithingRepetition: Tyger! Tyger!Image：mysterious, august4)Six quatrains in rhymed couplets; the meter is regular and rhythmic; fromthe perspective of a more experienced person.4.George Bernard Shaw “Mrs. Warren‟s Profession”(华伦夫人的职业)1) He was an Irish playwright and a co-founder of the London School ofEconomics. He is a critical realistic dramatist. Shaw was against “art for art‟s sake.” He wrote, “For art‟s sake I will not face the toil of writing a sentence.”Shaw was a friend of progressive mankind. He supported the forces ofrevolution and democracy in their struggle against imperialism and reaction.2) The story centers on the relationship between Mrs. Kitty Warren and herdaughter, Vivie. Mrs. Warren, a former prostitute and current brothel owner, is described as "on the whole, a genial and fairly presentable old blackguard of a woman."It mainly tells how Mrs. Warren‟s daughter, who is well—educated happens to know her mother‟s real “profession”. She was about to blame her mother for being a procuress but after she got to know what her mother had been through she forgave and began to understand her.3) it is one of the “Plays Unpleasant”. Shaw shows that the guise ofbourgeois respectability horrible crimes and corruption are concealed. Shaw accuses the bourgeoisie of making profit by fostering prostitution. Mrs.Warren‟s own life experience as a whole cannot represent that of the ordinary, suffering poor women in capitalist society. The fate of poor women from the labouring masses is also touched upon in the play. He exposes and satirizes the whole capitalist system, shows his infinite sympathy for the exploited, and therefore sharply and daringly touches on the most fundamental problem of capitalist system.4) The play expresses criticism of the capitalism and the upper class. It alsoreflects the economic oppression of women.三、诗歌赏析1.William Wordsworth “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”1)It‟s rhyme scheme is ababcc(quatrain couplet). Each line is metered iniambic tetrameter. Its tone is free, pleasant and encouraging. Term:“That floats on high o‟er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake,beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance (e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5”and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and consonance (e.g.“ vales and hills” in line 2 ). He arranges his poem in lines of iambictetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter.]3) it is a poem about nature. With his pure and poetic language,Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, treesand breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share hismelancholy when he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his delight themoment his he art “with pleasure fills”. We come to realize the great power ofnature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.5)Wordsworth, in the poem, also employs figurative language to evoke notonly the visual effect but also the emotional response. (E.g. in line 1, thepoet makes a comparison between “I wandered lonely” and “a cloud” bythe use of simile, thus conveys to us his lonely and melancholy moodwith the image of “cloud”. In line 7, he also amplifies the visual effect bythe use of anothe r simile “Continuous as the stars that shine…” to evokeour sense of “daffodils” with the image of “stars” twinkling on the milkyway which is familiar to us all. He goes further to impress us with theimage of countless daffodils with an overstatement in line 9 “Theystretched in never-ending line”). Besides, natural things are also endowedwith human being‟s characters by the poet‟s subtle use of personification.(e.g. “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance” “The waves beside themdanced”) therefore, as we read the poem, we become aware of the poet‟sdeep love toward nature through his lovely and vivid description aboutnatural things with his figurative language.2.Percy Bysshe Shelley “Ode to the West Wind”1)The ode is a lyric poem dealing with the soft theme. The poem expresseshis desire for freedom and his resolution to sacrifice for the struggle forfreedom.2)Its rhyme scheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee. written in iambic pentameter.Its tone is optimistic and pleasant.3）The first stanza begins with the alliteration …wild West Wind’ (1.1). Theform of the apostrophe makes the wind also a personification. In the last lineof this canto the west wind is considered the …Destroyer’ because it drives thelast signs of life from the trees, and the …Preserver’ for scattering the seedswhich will come to life in the spring.That may be why he is looking forward to the spring and asks at the end ofthe last canto …If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?’. This is of course a rhetorical question because spring does come after winter, but the "if"suggests that it might not come if the rebirth is strong and extensive enoughand if it is not, another renewal—spring—will come anyway. Thus thequestion has a deeper meaning and does not only mean the change of seasons, but is a reference to death and rebirth as well. It also indicates that after thestruggles and problems in life, there would always be a solution. It shows usthe optimistic view of the poet about life which he would like the world toknow.补充：1)An adventure storyQuality: a sense of reality lifelikenessTheme: glorifies human labor. Labor is the source of pride and happiness2)Character of Robinson Crusoe:A.Robinson is an individual laborer, then became a master, until at last acolonizer. He is the prototype of the pioneer colonist; is a typical 18thcentury English middle-class man. He is capable, energetic, courageous,self-reliant, and persistent.B.The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the Englishbourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development. He is most practicaland exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit.Robinson‟s every voyage is connected with some commercial enterprise.He own s a plantation where colored slaves are exploited. Defoe‟sbourgeois outlook manifests itself in the fact that he does not condemnNegro-slavery in his book. Though Robinson labors for his own existence,yet as soon as a native makes his appearance on the island, Robinsonassumes the role of a master. “Master” is the first word Friday learns fromRobinson. Here lies colonization in germ.3)The best part of the novel is the realistic account of the successful struggleof Robinson alone against the pitiless forces of nature on the island.。

Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur‟s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)第一章古英语和中古英语时期1、古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期。

最早的文学形式是诗歌，以口头形式流传，主要的诗人是吟游诗人。

到基督教传入英国之后，一些诗歌才被记录下来。

这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗《贝奥武夫》，用头韵体写成。

2、古英语时期（1066—1500）从1066年诺曼人征服英国，到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。

文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇，民谣和诗歌。

在几组骑士传奇中，有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事，其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。

中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣，最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。

British Literature 英国文学一、The Middle Age 中世纪文学( 约5 世纪---1485)Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟（1343---1400）Chaucer is regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature. He innovate the heroic couplet and he is regarded as “Father of English Poetry”首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体（the heroic couplet），被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。

乔叟翻译过法国诗歌，其早期的文学创作受到法国文学的影响。

两次游历欧洲文艺复兴的发源地意大利后，乔叟接触到意大利文学，深受以但丁（Dante, 1265---1321）、彼特拉克（Petrarch, 1304---1347）和薄伽丘(Boccaccio, 1313---1375)等作家为代表的意大利人文主义文学的影响。

乔叟去世后安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂（Westminster Abbey）,从此威斯敏斯特教堂的一角便成为大诗人安息的“诗人角”（the Poet’s Corner）代表作：《公爵夫人之书》（Book of the Duchess）（1836）《声誉之宫》（The House of Fame）（1374---1384）《百鸟会议》（The Parliament of Fowls）（1380）《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》（Troilus and Criseyde）（1380---1385）《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）（1386---1400）二、Renaissance 文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期---17世纪初）1、William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚莎士比亚从1590年起至1613年，一共创作了38（或39）部戏剧包括悲剧、戏剧、编年史剧、传奇剧等，另外还创作有154首十四行诗和2首长诗（Venus and Adonis，1593）。

I. Multiple Choice – 2 points eachII. Matching – 1 point eachIII. Literary Terms – 4 points eachAllegory (寓言p64)is aliterary device that uses symbols, characters, and actions to represent truths about human existence. When these symbols, characters, or actions are used together, it creates an extended comparison that gives a message about the real world. Pilgrim’s Progress is an example.是一种文学手段，它使用符号、人物和行为来代表关于人类存在的真理。

当这些符号、字符或动作一起使用时，它会创建一个扩展的比较，提供关于真实世界的信息。

《天路历程》就是一个例子。

Sonnet (十四行诗 p27)A 14-line poem with a definite rhyme scheme and meter. Shakespeare wrote 154 of these kinds of poems.一首十四行诗，有明确的韵脚和韵律。

莎士比亚写了154首这样的诗。

Soliloquy (独白)An extended speech by one person that reveals their inner thoughts, feelings, or intentions. The character is usually alone, and the purpose is to reveal inner thoughts to the audience.一个人的演说，揭示他们内心的想法、感情或意图。

Pre-Renaissance periodBeowulf : the first English national epicI. The position of the Beowulf:the first English national epicII.The story: (to simply narrate it )Beowulf←→ Grendel and his motherBeowulf←→ Fire dragonIII. Its artistic features1. I t’s a 3183-line verse written in true epic style and in Old English;2. the most evident feature: the use of alliteration; (refer to the history of literature By Liu Bingshan,)3. to use compound-words to serve as metaphors;4. the use of understatements: the impression and a color of humor.△5. the mixing of pagan elements with Christian colouring.Geoffrey ChaucerI. life :1. He was born in a wine merchant family in 1340;2. His early life as a page and his marriage acquainted him with knowledge about upper class;3.he was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner” . II. His Work: The Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury TalesThe General Prologue...The PrioressThere was also a Nun, a Prioress,Whose name was gentle and full of guilelessness. “By St. Loy!” was the worst oath she would say. She sang mass well, in a becoming way,Intoning through her nose the words divine,And she was known as Madam Eglantine.She spoke good French, as taught at Stratford-Bow For the Parisian French she did not know.She was schooled to eat so primly and so well That from her lips no morsel ever fell.She wet her fingers lightly in the dishOf sauce, for courtesy was her first wish.With every bite she did her skillful bestTo see that no drop fell upon her breast.She always wiped her upper lip so cleanThat in her cup was never to be seenA hint of grease when she had drunk her share, She reached out for her meat with comely air. She was a great delight, and always triedTo imitate court ways, and had her pride,Both amiable and gracious in her dealings.As for her charity and tender feelings,She melted at whatever was piteous.She would weep if she but came upon a mouse Caught in a trap, if it were dead of bleeding. Some little dogs that took pleasure feedingOn roasted meat or milk or good wheat breadShe had, but how she wept to find one deadOr yelping from a blow that made it smart,And all was sympathy and loving heart.Neat was her wimple in its every plait,Her nose well formed, her eyes as gray as slate.Her mouth was very small and soft and red.She had so wide a brow I think her headWas nearly a span broad, for certainlyShe was not undergrown, as all could see.She wore her cloak with dignity and charm,And had her rosary about her arm,The small beads coral and the larger green,And from them hung a brooch of golden sheen,On it a large A and a crown above;Beneath, “all things are subject unto love.”I. Questions for discussion:1.What is the tone of the setting? How did the author achieve such settingof the tales?2.Summarize the character of the Prioress in this Prologue.3.To analyze Chaucer’s ways of characterization in this Prologue andthe language style of the selected part.II. To illustrate the terms.Heroic couplet: A two-line section of a poem, which rhymes and has five feet each in iambic meter(also termed as iambic pentameter ), and which has a meaning complete within itself.Example: The veins are bathed in li quor of such powerAs brings about the engen dering of the flower,(抑抑扬)ATT: For the convenience of the interpretation for the foot, some words are detached.Foot: A group of syllables forming a unit of verse, usually one foot contains at least one stressed word, or contains one stressed word and one or more than one unstressed words.III. Social significance of The Canterbury Tales (also function as a simple analysis)1.The Canterbury is not only a collection of stories strung by loosethread.(1) To affirm men and women’s right to pursue their happiness;(2) To oppose the dogma of asceticism;(3) To praise man’s energy, intellect and love of life.2.This work exposed the evil of time(1) the degeneration of the noble;(2) the heartless of judge;(3) the corruption of churchIV. Chaucer’s achievements in and contribution to English literature1.He is one of the earliest literary talents who embody humanism.2.Father of English poetry(1)the first great poet who wrote in English language;(2)introduced rhymed five accents in iambic meter to English poetry(heroic couplet)3.Founder of English realismThe prologue supplies a miniature of then English society (ways of narrating the stories and different social status of these pilgrims).4.His excellent works contribute a lot to establish English as theliterary language of the country. (set an example for the poets of later generation )5.He made London dialect as the standard for the modern English speech.Renaissance PeriodWilliam ShakespeareI. Life1. born of trader family in Stratford-on-Avon in 1564, and his family got into financial troubles;2. Fail to finish formal schooling for the reason of financial difficulties, he left for London.II. Shakespeare the dramatistHis plays are poetical dramas, most of which are written in blank verse which was created one of the famous university wits, Christopher Marlow. His career as a dramatist may be divided into three (or four) periods: (to be lectured later)Hamlet●The Monologue：To be: to exist, to live, to passively accept, to suffer;Not to be: to die, to take action to fight against fate.That is the question: this shows Hamlet confronted with both body and moral dilemma: whether to suffer passively or to take action to fight.◆three reasons for his dilemma:1.He receives Stoic philosophy: Forbearance is the noblest(顺从是最高的美德).Ciceronian philosophy: Duty is most important.These two views of philosophy are quite contradictory for Hamlet. (to interpret in depth )2.Religious reason: fear of after-life. (as obviously shown in this monologue: to die, to sleep)3. Odepus complex (commonly called mother complex): this view was put forward by some critic, which conducted a psychological analysis based on the Freudian philosophy. (to simply narrate the origin of this complex.)Points worthy of notice and interpretation in the monologuethe slings and arrows (a metaphor, ): attackTo die, to sleep (analogy)no more: to exist no moreheartache: spiritual painnatural shocks: physical pain and sufferingconsummation: final settlementdevoutly to be wished : to be passionately wishedperchance: perhapsay: yesrub: difficultyshuffled off: get rid ofmortal coil: trouble of mortal life, coil: bodypause: hinderrespect: consideration, thinkingwhips and scorns of time: the beat and sneer in the word we live in. wrong: ill treatmentContumely: despisingPangs: sharp painspurns that patient merit of th’ unworthy takes: kicks that a personof merit takes from the unworthy.Fardels: (archaic word) burdensA weary life: a burdensome lifeBut that : unlessConscience: reflection, consciousnessIs sicklied over :is covered withPale cast: sickly cover, sickly colorThought: anxious thought or melancholy thoughtEnterprise: the great causePith and moment: importanceWith this regard: on this account, for this reasonTheir current turn awry: change the directionAction: here refers to “take arms against the fate”Questions for discussion:Give thorough consideration to the whole play and the monologue we have covered, and answer these questions:1.What is the use of the spirit of Hamlet’s father in the developmentof dramatic plot ?2.What is the use of his father’s spirit in the development of Hamlet’s character?3.To analyze Hamlet’s character?4.To analyze the change of Hamlet’s attitude for Ophellia, what arethe reasons for the change?◆ Any other question concerning this play you want to put forward and explain. Welcome to speak your mind!III. Shakespeare the poet1. His sonnet (a general introduction about all 154 sonnets):Sonnet XVIIIPre-reading task:1. To contrast the tone of the 1st and 2nd stanza with the one of the 3rd, try to find the difference.2. What are denotation of such images as “summer’s day”, “buds of May” and “rough wind”?Notes:•thee: you•Summer’s day: warmth and beauty (best season for Shakespeare) •Thou art: you are•Temperate: mild•Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May: beauty is short-lived.•And every fair from fair sometimes decline (a inverted line): And every fair sometimes decline from fair.•By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d (a inverted line): untrimm’d By chance, or nature’s changing course. Trim: dress Questions and task for sonnet 181. Consider the relationship among four stanzas to identify the special poetic pattern of Shakespearian sonnet.2. what is the theme of this sonnet?Edmund SpenserI.Spenser the man1. born of a poor merchant’s family;2. Educated at Merchant Tailor’s schoolIn this school, a teacher with humanism conveyed the idea of education as follows: “It’s not a mind, nor a body, that we have to educate, buta man, we can not divide him”.3. Studying in Cambridge University, he was under the influence of Platonism (one aspect: the inner beauty is more important than the beauty of appearance.) This may be found in his poetry; and he also got much influence from Phillip Sidney, this influence is of importance for his creation of sonnet.II. Spenser the poet (mainly his poem)1. Amoretti (爱情小唱)：a sequence of 88 poems, in which sonnet 54 and sonnet 75 are most famous.Pre-reading Questions for sonnet 54:1.What is the tone of this poem?2.Who is the speaker?3. Could you describe the changes of the speaker’s inner world, esp.his emotional changes?Sonnet 54Of this worlds theatre in which we stay,My love like the spectator ydly sitsBeholding me that all the pageants play,Disguysing diversly my troubled wits.Sometimes I joy when glad occasion fitsAnd mask in myrth lyke to a comedy:Sonne after when my joy to sorrow flits,I wane and make my woes a tragedy.Yet she, beholding me with constant eye,Delights not in my mirth nor rues my smart:But when I laugh she mocks, and when I cryShe laughs and hardens evermore her heart.What then can move her? If nor merth nor mone,She is no woman, but a sencelesse stone.Question for discussion: What is the theme of this sonnet?Sonnet 75One day I wrote her name upon the strand,But came the waves and washed it away:Agayne I wrote it with a second hand,But came the tyde, and made my payne his pray.“Vayne man,” sayd she, “that doest in vaine assay,A mortall thing so to immortalize,For I my selve shall lyke to this decay,And eek my name bee wyped out lykewize.”“Not so,”quod I, “ let baser things devize,To dy in dust, but you shall live by fame:My verse your vertues rare shall eternize,And in the heavens wryte your glorious name,Where whenas death shall all the world subdew,Our love shall live, and later life renew.”Questions for sonnet 751. What are the connotations of such images in this sonnet as “wave”,“name” and “heaven”?Could you find some instances of comparison the poet used in this poem?2. In this sonnet, Spenser conveyed the idea of “our love shall live,and later life renew.” But, how can “our love live, and later life renew”?3. What is the theme of this sonnet?Connotation of some images in this sonnet:Term:Alliteration: Alliteration is a kind of rhyme with the initial sounds identical, identical sounds closely connects two or more words both insounds and in meaning.2. The Shepherds’ Calendar（牧童的月历）(1) A pastoral poem(田园诗，牧歌体诗) consisting 12 eclogues，one for each month, these eclogues are written in different meters;（2）The shepherd represents the poet and his friend;Most part of this poem are written in dialogue form, esp. the dialogue between the shepherd and his friend;（3）The dominant theme is love, and the theme of religion is also discussed.3. The Faire Queen(1) Spenser’s masterpiece;an epic written in a special verse form (Spenserian Stanza);(2) Planned in 12 books, but only 6 books and two cantos(诗章) of the 7th were finished;(3) hero and heroin: king Arthur and Gloriana;(4) the story: (adventures of 12 knights). It’s a vivid narrative of knightly adventures, it also involved moral, religion and political allegories, and all sorts of supernatural beings;(5) Each knight stands for a virtue: Holiness, Temperance, Chastity, Friendship, Justice and Courtesy, these virtues were acquired in the course of adventures.(6) thought of this poem: nationalism, humanism and puritanism.Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞体): A special verse form consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet (an alexandrine).Remark: 斯宾塞体即五音步一行的八行加上六音步一行而形成的九行体。

I.Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. (30 points inall, 1.5 point for each)1. ( ) Edmund Spenser A. Women In Love2. ( ) Oliver Goldsmith B. Sense and Sensibility;3. ( ) Laurence Sterne C. Queen Mab4. ( ) Daniel Defoe D. Young Goodman Brown5. ( ) Henry Fielding E. The Portrait of A Lady6. ( ) George Gordon Byron F. The Sound and the Fury7. ( ) Percy Bysshe Shelley G. The Great Gatsby8. ( ) Jane Austen H. For Whom the Bell Tolls9. ( ) Sir Walter Scott I. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage10. ( ) Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell J. The Faerie Queene11. ( ) George Eliot K. Ivanhoe12. ( ) John Galsworthy L. Mary Barton13. ( ) William Shakespeare M. The Forsyte Saga14. ( ) Nathaniel Hawthorne N. Robinson Crusoe15. ( ) Henry James O. Tom Jones16. ( ) Theodore Dreiser P. The Vicar of Wakefield17. ( ) Scott Fitzgerald Q. A Sentimental Journey18. ( ) Ernest Hemingway R. American Tragedy19. ( ) William Faulkner S. Middlemarch20. ( ) David Herbert Lawrence T. Othello1-10 JPQNO ICBKL 11-20 SMTDE RGHFAplete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)1.The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the ______, who migrated to the British Islesabout 600 B.C. .2.The Anglo-Saxons were heathen people before they accepted ______.3.After the Norman conquest, Latin and ______ were the languages of the upper class,spoken at courts and used in churches and schools.4.______ in the 14th century claimed the lives of one third of the whole population in Europe.5.The House of Lancaster and the House of York fought the Thirty Years’ War from 1455 to1485, the House of York using ______ as its emblem.6.The Elizabethan spectators paid a penny to stand throughout the performance in the pitwere called ______.7.Sonnets was first written by the Italian poet ______ who wrote them to a lady named Laura.8.As a philosopher Bacon is praised by Marx as “______” because he stressed the importanceof experience, or experiment.9.Pope translated the entire “______”and half of the “Odyssey”, the other half beingtranslated by two Cambridge scholars.10.The Rape of the Lock is a brilliant satire written in the form of a ______ poem.1. the Celts2. Christianity3. French4. Black Death5. a white rose6. groundlings7. Petrarch8. the progenitor of English materialism9. Iliad10. mock-heroicIII.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)1.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events，whichone of the following is NOT such an event?A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture .B. England’s domestic rest.C. New discovery in geography and astrology.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.2._________ is the successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC. The Life and Death of Mr. BadmanD. The Holy War3.Generally，the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries，its essence is _________A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism4.Among the representatives of the Enlightenment，who was the first to introduce rationalismto England?A. John BunyanB. Daniel DefoeC. Alexander PopeD. Jonathan Swift5.It is _________ alone who，for the first time in English literature，presented to us acomprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from ail walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Martin LutherC. William LanglandD. John Gower6.In A Tale of Two Cities, the "two cities" refer to London and _________.A. DublinB. ParisC. New YorkD. Vienna7.The Lyrical Ballads written by Wordsworth and Coleridge was published in ________.A. 1789B. 1798C. 1829D. 19038._______ is the representative of Aestheticism and Decadence in English literature.A. R. L. StevensonB. Oscar WildeC. Samuel ButlerD. Charles Dickens9.Which of the following novels does not belong to the "stream of consciousness" school ofnovel writing?A. UlyssesB. Mrs. DallowayC. The RainbowD. To the Lighthouse10.The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existenceon a lonely island reflects _________A. man’s desire to return to natureB. the author’s criticism of the colonizationC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisieD. the aristocrat s’disillusionment of the harsh social reality1-5 BADCA 6-10 DABCCIV.Explain the following literary terms. (12 points in all, 4 points for each)1.Renaissance2.The War of Roses3.Morality PlayV.Chose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. (15 points in all,1.5 points for each)A. Find out the author and his work.1.( ) Thomas More a. Gorge Green2.( ) Edmund Spencer b. Eupheus3.( ) John Lyly c. The Fairy Queene4.( ) Christopher Marlowe d. Utopia5.( ) Robert Greene e. The Jew of MaltaB. Find out the work from column on the left and its content from column on theright.6.( ) Il Penseroso a. attack on the censorship7.( ) Lycidas b. defense of the Revolution8.( ) Defense for the English People c. about dear friend9.( ) Areopagitica d. Satan against God10.( ) Paradise Lost e. meditationA. Find out the author and his work.1-5 d c b e aB. Find out the work from column on the left and its content from column on theright.6-10 e c b a dVI.Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write T or F in the brackets. (15 points in all, 1.5 points for each)1.( ) The author of The Song of Beowulf is Cynwulf.2.( ) The setting of The Song of Beowulf is in Scotland.3.( ) Alfred the Great compiles The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.4.( ) Venerable Bede wrote The Ecclesiastic History of the English people.5.( ) The author of Paraphrase is Caedmon.6.( ) Chaucer’s poetry traces out a path to the literature of English renaissance.7.( ) Being specially fond of the great writer Boccaccio, Chaucer composes a longnarrative poem Filostrato based upon Boccaccio’s poem Troilus and Cressie.8.( ) The 32 pilgrims, according to Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that ofBo ccaccio’s Decameron.9.( ) The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of Romantic portrayal, the first of itskind in the history of English literature.10.( ) The Canterbury Tales is a vivid and brilliant reflection of 15th century ofEngland.1-10 F F T T T T F T F Fplete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)11.The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the ______, who migrated to the BritishIsles about 600 B.C. .12.Geoffrey Chaucer, the “______”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England,was born in London in about the year 1340.13.The ______ provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales, and itcomprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.14.In contradiction to the _______ verse of Anglo-Saxon poetry, Chaucer chose themetrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse.15.The House of Lancaster and the House of York fought the Thirty Years’War from1455 to 1485, the House of York using ______ as its emblem.16.The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of ______ relations andthe establishing of the foundations of capitalism.17.Sonnets was first written by the Italian poet ______ who wrote them to a lady namedLaura.18.As a philosopher Bacon is praised by Marx as “______”because he stressed theimportance of experience, or experiment.19.______ is often referred to as “the poets’ poet”.20.The Rape of the Lock is a brilliant satire written in the form of a ______ poem.21.Celts 2. Father of English Poetry 3. Prologue 4. Alliterative 5. a white rose 6.feudal7.Petrarch8.the progenitor of English materialism9.Edmund Spencer10. mock-heroicVIII.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)1.About Edmund Spencer which of the following statements is not true?A. He was educated in Cambridge.B. His father was the Keeper of the Privy Seal to Queen Elizabeth.C. He interacted with Philip Sidney.D. He wrote “Epithalamion” to his love affair with Elizabeth Boyle2.About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the presentlife.C. They couldn't see the human values in their works.D. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without anyfreedom and independence.3.In his tragedy Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare eulogizes _____.A. the faithfulness of loveB. the spirit of pursuing happinessC. the heroine's great beauty, wit and loyaltyD. both a and b4.One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is _____.A. the flourishing of the dramaB. the popularity of the realistic novelC. the domination of the classical poetryD. the close-down of all the theatres5.Which of the following is not John Milton's works?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Othello6.Tempest is a typical example of Shakespeare______ view of life towards human lifeand society in his late years.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. satiricalD. none of the above7.______ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England, while ______ brought in blankverse, ie. The unrhymed iambic pentameter line.A. Wyatt…SurreyB. Wyatt…SidneyC. Surrey…SidneyD. Sidney…Spencer8.Christopher Marlowe’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the ______ andmade it the principal medium of English drama.A. blank verseB. free verseC. sonnetD. alliteration9.Christian is the character in ______.A. The Life and Death of Mr. BadmanB. The Pilgrim’s ProgressC. Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersD. None of the above10.The significance of The Canterbury Tales excludes:A. A comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time.B. The dramatic structure of the poem.C. Chaucer’s humour.D. “Round” characters.11.The ceremony of May Day comes from the tradition of _______.A. The CeltsB. The SaxonsC. The NormansD. The Angles1-5 BBBAD 6-10 AABDAII. Definitions of literary terms (1’×10=10’):1. A group of dramatists active in the 1950s, who believed that human life was meaningless andabsurd and that the world was irrational _____________.[A] the angry young men [B] the beat generation[C] the theatre of the absurd [D] dramatist of black humour2.A long narrative poem about the deeds of some national hero(es) ____________.[A] a lyric [B] an epic[C] a sonnet [D] a satirical poem3. A poem describing the life and love of shepherds and shepherdesses__________.[A] an eclogue [B] a pastoral poem[C] a lyric poem [D] a narrative poem4. The unconscious tendency of a son to be attached to his mother and hostile toward his father_______[A] psychoanalysis [B] Oedipus complex[C] inferiority complex [D] interpretation of dreams5. Works in prose or poetry meant to ridicule and correct the follies and vices of the society and of the individuals ___________.[A] sentimentalism [B] Neo-classicism[C] allegory [D] satire6. Traditionally a song that tells a story which became a form of poetry later __________[A] a folk song [B] a sonnet[C] a ballad [D] romance7. A long piece of poetry or prose describing the adventures and love of a medieval knight _________.[A] romance [B] epic[C] ballad [D] narrative poem or prose8.Two lines of poetry in iambic pentameter rhymed aa ____________.[A] sonnet [B] ballad[C] ode [D] heroic couplet9. Unrhymed poetry in iambic pentameter ____________.[A] free verse [B] blank verse[C] sonnet [D] heroic couplet10. A story in verse or prose with a double meaning, a surface meaning and an under-the-surface meaning ________[A] allegory [B] romance[C] satire [D] ballad1 C2 B 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A1. The technique to describe various thoughts and feelings that pass through the mind _____________.[A] the angry young men [B] stream of consciousness[C] the theatre of the absurd [D] black humour2. Poetry or prose describing the adventures and love of a medieval knight ____________.[A] a romance [B] an epic[C] a sonnet [D] a satirical poem3. A poem describing the life and love of shepherds and shepherdesses__________.[A] a pastoral [B] an eclogue[C] a lyric poem [D] a narrative poem4. The unconscious tendency of a son to be attached to his mother and hostile toward his father_______[A] psychoanalysis [B] Oedipus complex[C] inferiority complex [D] interpretation of dreams5. Works in prose or poetry meant to ridicule and correct the follies and vices of the society and of the individuals ___________.[A] sentimentalism [B] Neo-classicism[C] allegory [D] satire6. Traditionally a song that tells a story which became a form of poetry later __________[A] a ballad [B] a sonnet[C] a folk song [D] romance7. A long piece of poetry or prose describing the adventures and love of a medieval knight _________.[A] romance [B] epic[C] ballad [D] narrative poem or prose8.Two lines of poetry in iambic pentameter rhymed aa ____________.[A] sonnet [B] ballad[C] ode [D] heroic couplet9. Unrhymed poetry in iambic pentameter ____________.[A] free verse [B] blank verse[C] sonnet [D] heroic couplet10. A story in verse or prose with a double meaning, a surface meaning and an under-the-surface meaning ________[A] ballad [B] romance[C] satire [D] allegory1 B2 .A 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.DIII. Matching authors with corresponding works(1’×20=20’)1.Thomas More a. Sons and Lovers2.Geoffrey Chaucer b. Mrs. Dalloway3. Edmund Spenser c. Tess of the D’Urbervilles4. Christopher Marlowe d. Pride and Prejudice5.George Bernard Shaw e. The Pickwick Papers6.Ben Jonson f. Ivanhoe7. John Milton g.Vanity Fair8. Jonathan Swift h.Don Juan9. James Joyce i.Ode to the West Wind10. Richard B. Sheridan j. V olpone11.William Wordsworth k.Samson Agonistes12.George Gordon Byron l.Finnegans Wake13.Percy Bysshe Shelley m.The School for Scandal14.Walter Scott n. Lyrical Ballads15.Charles Dickens o.Widowers’ Houses16. W. M. Thackeray p.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus17.Jane Austen q.Faerie Queene18.Thomas Hardy r.The Canterbury Tales19.D. H. Lawrence s. Utopia20. Virginia Woolf t.Gulliver’s Travels1.s2.r3.q4.p5.o6.j7.k8.t9.l 10.m11.n 12.h 13.i 14.f 15.e 16.g 17.d 18.c 19.a 20.b1.William Shakepeare2.Samuel Johnson3. John Keats4. Christopher Marlowe5.George Bernard Shaw6.Ben Jonson7. John Milton 8.Daniel Defoe9. James Joyce 10. Richard B. Sheridan11.Geofrey Chaucer 12.George Gordon Byron13.Percy Bysshe Shelley 14.Walter Scott15.George Bernard Shaw 16. William Makepeace Thackeray17.Jane Austen 18.Thomas Hardy19.D. H. Lawrence 20. Virginia Woolfa. Tamburlaine the Greatb.A Dictionary of the English Languagec. King Leard. Major Barbarae. Pride and Prejudicef. Ivanhoeg.Vanity Fair h.Don Juani.Promethus Unbound j. V olponek.Samson Agonistes l.Finnegans Wakem.The School for Scandal n. Robinson Crusoeo..Widowers’ Houses p.Sons and Loversq.To the Lighthouse r.Tess of the D’Urbervilless.Ode to the Nightingale t.The Canterbury Tales1.c2.b3.s4.a5.o6.j7.k8.n9.l 10.m 11.t 12.h 13.i 14.f 15.d 16.g 17.e 18.r 19.p 20.qIV Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (2’×10=20’)12.About Edmund Spencer which of the following statements is not true?A. He was educated in Cambridge.B. His father was the Keeper of the Privy Seal to Queen Elizabeth.C. He interacted with Philip Sidney.D. He wrote “Epithalamion” to his love affair with Elizabeth Boyle13.About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the presentlife.C. They couldn't see the human values in their works.D. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without anyfreedom and independence.14.In his tragedy Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare eulogizes _____.A. the faithfulness of loveB. the spirit of pursuing happinessC. the heroine's great beauty, wit and loyaltyD. both a and b15.One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is _____.A. the flourishing of the dramaB. the popularity of the realistic novelC. the domination of the classical poetryD. the close-down of all the theatres16.Which of the following is not John Milton's works?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Othello1-5 BBBAD6．In A Tale of Two Cities, the "two cities" refer to London and _________.A. DublinB. ParisC. New YorkD. Vienna7．The Lyrical Ballads written by Wordsworth and Coleridge was published in ________.A. 1789B. 1798C. 1829D. 19038．_______ is the representative of Aestheticism and Decadence in English literature.A. R. L. StevensonB. Oscar WildeC. Samuel ButlerD. Charles Dickens9．Which of the following novels does not belong to the "stream of consciousness" school of novel writing?A. UlyssesB. Mrs. DallowayC. The RainbowD. To the Lighthouse10．The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existence on a lonely island reflects _________A. man’s desire to return to natureB. the author’s criticism of the colonizationC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisieD. the aristocrats’disillusionment of the harsh social reality6-10 DABCCV. Essay Questions (30%; choose only ONE of the following five topics and write a short essay of at least 200 words.)1. How much do you know about the English literature in the Victorian period?pare any two periods in the history of English literature with reference to ideological tendencies and literary trends (Find out their similarities and differences by using major writers as examples).3.Describe how your knowledge of English literature is improved after taking this course.4.Analyze why in English literature Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest playwright or why Dickens is regarded as the greatest novelist.5. Why is Thomas Hardy often regarded as a transitional writer?6．How much do you know about Romanticism?7. How much do you know about the Enlightenment Movement and Neoclassicism?8. Analyze the characteristics of the Renaissance period and the Victorian age.9. Discuss why Dickens is regarded as the greatest novelist in English Literature10.Through Hamlet in Hamlet, please analyze the theme of this novel.11. What is Utopia about?12.What is the social significance of The Canterbury TalExplain the following literary terms. (18 points in all, 6 points for each)4.The Rising of 13815.John Locke6.Humanism。