[外派海员面试专题]面试试题汇编(2):大副面试
大副面试问题及参考答案
大副是甲板上仅次于船长的“第二把手”。大副的好坏直接关系到船舶、货物和人身安全。经验表明，船东在面试大副时也是相当严格和认真的。主要集中在货物的配载、装卸货、货物的保管、货物单据、管理能力、协调能力等方面。而对于特种船来说，对有关货物装卸货的有关规定也要熟知。此外，有关ISM/SMS及其他公约、PSC检查以及船东内外审时的体温也是一个非常重要的部分。
下面整理了一部分面试试题，供参考。我们建议，大副不但要准备下面的一些问题，也应该看看有关船长及二副和三副的有关问题，这样才能达到融会贯通的目的。
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-- 作者：张辉
-- 发布时间：2006-8-28 12:19:12
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1. Can you tell me about your educational background and working experience?
A reference answer:
I graduated from Jimei Navigation College in 1992. I studied there for three years. I have worked as a seaman on eight ships for nearly ten years. I have the experience of Chief for two ships. I have worked both Chinese and foreign ship-owners in the past ten years.
2. Under the leadership of the Master, the Chief Officer shall carry out the daily management of the deck department, and he is also responsible for cargo handling. The specific duties include:
(1) watch-keeping from 0400-0800 hours and 1600-2000 hours;
(2) safety of the ship and work place, safety equipment;
(3) daily safety and sanitary inspection;
(4) store and spare parts inventory management;
(5) maintenance on deck;
(6) stowage plan making;
(7) supervision of the loading and unloading process;
(8) cargo caring on board
(9) some other work and duties designated by the master of the vessel.
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-- 作者：张辉
-- 发布时间：2006-8-28 12:19:32
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3. Can you talk about the previous vessels (last vessel ) you worked on board?
It was an ocean-going ship,but it mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in Europe. It was an old ship about 14 years old. But the general condition of the ship was quite good because we did very good maintenance on board.
4.What types of cargoes have ever been carried on board your last vessel?
I have worked on bulk carriers and general cargo vessels and I have experienced a lot of cargo handling .
这是一个很重要的问题，因为大副的一个很重要的职责便是货物管理。大副应该读不同的货物的装卸、配载、保管、单据、保险等相关问题有所了解。
5. Where was your last vessel’s trading (plying, sailing )area?
It was an ocean-going ship, but it mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and dischar
ged in Europe. She has ever been to New Orleans, Long Beach, New York, Hamburg and so on.
6. Did you have the experience of working with foreign crew? What were their nationalities?
The last two vessels I worked on had crew from several countries. The masters were from Indian, the Chief Engineers were form Hong Kong and Philippine and other seaman were from China, Indian Burma and Vietnam.
7. Can you tell me how to make a stowage plan?
Based on the capacity of the hold, the stowage factors, types of cargo, loading and discharging ports rotation, I shall calculate the volume of the cargo that is to be loaded into different holds. Then I shall calculate the draft of the vessel and trimming , shear force, bending moment to meet the requriments of the ship. At last, stowage plan is made based on these factors.
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-- 作者：张辉
-- 发布时间：2006-8-28 12:22:31
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8 What does a stowage factor of mean?
A stowage factor of any cargo is the figure that expresses the number of cubic units of measure needed to accommodate one unit of weght- how many cubic meters is needed to stow one metric ton of certain goods. Stowage factors should include allowance for dunnage, irregular size of certain goods, pallets and something else. Even the most carefully determined stowage factor is not absolute and it should be used only as a guide while planning cargo disposition.
9 If there happens stevedore damage to cargo, equipment or ship’s structure in the loading or discharging ports, what should you do?
If damage happens, I must record it first and then report it in an appropriate written form to the master and oter parties concerned. The report must be signed by the liable parties admitting they have (or have not ) reosibility for the damage. The damage report shall be carefully worded and shall be srported with photos and other evidnce, if any. The damage report should also include the following contents: ship’s name , voyage number, date, geographical location, name of the person who took the photos and his signature, location where the photo was taken, and what is intended to show.
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-- 作者：张辉
-- 发布时间：2006-8-29 16:17:26
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9 If there happens stevedore damage to cargo, equipment or ship’s structure in the loading or discharging ports, what should you do?
If damage happens, I must record it first and then report it in an appropriate written form to the master and oter parties concerned. The report must be signed by the liable parties admitting they have (or have not ) reosibility for the damage. The damage report shall be carefully worded and shall be srported with photos and other evidnce, if any. The damage report should also include the following contents: ship’s name , voyage number, date, geographical location, name of
the person who took the photos and his signature, location where the photo was taken, and what is intended to show.
10. What precartions do you have to take before cargo operation is carried out?
I shall check the pre-cargo operation check lists to make sure that no item is missing. The following procedures are to be adopted:
(1) the CChief Officer shall make a cargo operation plan, in which the following factors shall be considered: the cargo must be stowed in such way that the stability manual; excessive weight on tank tops, tween decks and hatch covers must be avoided; and cargo must be stowed and secured in such way ao to avoid damage – which can result in possible loss of life or property.
(2) Pre-operation conference with all ship’s personnel to be involves in the cargo operation should be held to discuss such matters as cargo disposition, numbers of gangs and workings hours, usual and special requirements regarding cargo operation, damage prevention and control, personnel organization, cargo watch etc. The Chief Officer must ensure that relevant personnel have fully understood the intended cargo and all usual and special safety and operational requirements.
11. What will you do if cargo damage is found or suspected before loading or during loading?
I shall report to the master first and foremost. The master should decide whether to replace the damaged cargo. For the full-set machines and high-valued products I must ask for the replacement in the loading port damages are found. If the damaged cargoes cannot be replaced , the Chief Mate shall MAKE REMARKS ON THE Mate’s Receipt.
If disputes happen on the quantity and quality of the cargoes, I shall , at the discretion of the master, ask the cargo surveyor to do the survey. If necessary, under the endorsement of the ship owner, I shall write a Letter of Protest (based on the format provided by the company) to prove the innocence of the seamen on board.
During the voyage, if a very small amount of cargo is damaged, with the permission of the master, I shall throw it away into the sea to avoid any diputes with any third party.
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-- 作者：张辉
-- 发布时间：2006-8-29 16:17:57
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12What are the differences between the Bill of Lading and the Mate’s Receipt?
A Tally Sheet is the basis of the Mate’s Receipt. The Mate’s Receipt is the basis of the B/L. The condition of the cargo is clearly shown on the Mate’s Receipt. It is very important to make sure that the cargo condition on the bill of lading is the same as that on the Mate’s Receipt. The Mate’s Receipt is the legal evidence of the cargo receiced and the B/L is the legal evidence of the cargo ownership If the consigner wants the master to issue a clean B/L on the basis of unclean Mate’s Receipt, the master firstly must ask for permission from the company. If the company agrees, the consigner m
ust issure reliable Letter of Indemnity or Letter of Guarantee.
13 .If the draft survey proves a shortage of cargo agter loading is completed, what will you do apart from reporting to the Master? Will you make any remarks on the Mate’s Receipt?
In this case, I shall report the problem to the master first. With the permission of the master, I shall ask the third party surveyor to do the survey. If the survey shows there is shortage or damage of the cargo, I shall write remarks on the Mate’s Receipt showing the loss or damage or shortage.
The third party is to be invited to make the objective report on the real quantity of the volume of the cargo. If the cargo is proved to be in shortage, I shall write remarks on the Mate’s Receipt.
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-- 作者：张辉
-- 发布时间：2006-8-29 16:18:19
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14.What do you know about the ISM code and SMS?how many chapers are there in the ISM Code (as amended)? What are these chapters?
The ISM code is the International Safety Management Code. The prupose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation and for pollution prevention. The objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular to the marine environment and to proterty.
The 16 charpers of ISM Code are : general, safety and environment protection policy , company responsibilities and authority, resources and personnel, development of plans for shipboard operation, emergency preparedness, reports and analysis of non-conformity, accidents and hazardous occureerences,maintenance of the ship and equipment , documentation, company verification and periodical verification, verification, interim certification, and forms of certificates. The last four chapters are newly added in the new version of ISM Code.
SMS means safety management system, and this system is mad bassed on the 16 elements of ISM Code, which is acomulsory part SOLAS74. The shipowner or manager cannot get Document of Compliance (DOC) and SMC without audited Safety Management Cerificate (SMC) by Class designated by the flag registry country administration. Every company should develop, implement and maintain a safety management system(SMS).
15. What do Observation, Non-conformity and Major non-conformity mean respectively?
Observation means a statement of fact made during a safety management audit and substantiated by objective evidence. Non-conformity means an objective evidence indicates the non-fulfillment of a specified requirement. Major non-conformity means identifiable deviation that poses a serious threat to the safety of personnel or the ship or a serious risk to the environment that requires immediate mentation of a requirement of this Code.(摘自ISM Code原文)
以上内容不一定要非常准确详细地背诵，但
至少要知道大致的内容，尤其要知道，ISM 规则是变化的、开放的国际公约，其内容经常进行修改和增加。此外，随着ISM规则的改变，各船东和管理公司对SMS也要进行相应的修改和补充。