常用专有名词注解

（一）第一部分：中华文明 Chinese civilization [sivilai`zei??n]文明摇篮 cradle of civilization华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后 Empress 女皇；皇后Dowager 太后；太后汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin夏朝 Xia Dynasty明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陕西 Shaanxi四大发明 the four great inventions of ancientChina火药 gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass汉字 Chinese character单音节 single syllable n. 音节汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters阳平 level tone阴平 rising tone上声 falling-rising tone去声 falling tone四书 the Four Books《大学》 The Great Learning《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》 The Analects 文选，论集of Confucius《孟子》 The Mencius《春秋》 the Spring and Autumn Annals 编年史《史记》 Historical Records《诗经》 The Books of Songs; The Book of Odes 颂诗，颂歌《书经》 The Books of History《易经》 I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》 The Book of Rites 仪式，典礼《孝经》 Book of Filial 子女的Piety 虔诚，虔敬《孙子兵法》 The Art of War《三字经》 The Three-Character Scripture 经文，圣典 ; The Three-Word Chant 吟颂，咏唱《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage 朝圣之旅 to the West《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions 大厦；宅第《山海经》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror; Comprehensive History Retold as aMirror for Rulers《西厢记》 The Romance of West Chamber《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes 沼泽，湿地 ; Tales of the Water Margin 《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio 工作室，画室 ; Strange Tales from Make-Do 代用的；权宜的Studio《围城》 Fortress 堡垒，要塞 Besieged 包围，围困《阿 Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q五言绝句 five-character quatrain 四行诗七言律诗 seven-character octave高八度音；八度和音八股文 eight-part essay 散文；随笔 ; stereotyped 套用陈规的 writing重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts文物 cultural relics 遗物，遗迹中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphy水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结 Chinese knot旗袍 Cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic长袍suit唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing); Tang suit朝廷使者 royal court envoy 使节，外交官；文人 men of letters雅士 refined 经过改良的；举止优雅的scholars 奖学金获得者；学者表演艺术 performing art现代流行艺术 popular art, pop art纯艺术 high art高雅艺术 refined art电影艺术 cinematographic 电影的art戏剧艺术 theatrical 戏剧的 art才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies生 ( 男性正面角色 ) male (the positive male role)旦 ( 女性正面角色 ) female (the positive female role)净 ( 性格鲜明的男性配角 ) a supporting male role with strikingcharacter丑 ( 幽默滑稽或反面角色 ) a clown or a negative role花脸 painted role歌舞喜剧 musical滑稽场面 , 搞笑小噱头 shtick滑稽短剧 skit京剧人物脸谱 Peking Opera Maskshow皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette轮廓，剪影说书 story-telling叠罗汉 make a human pyramid折子戏 opera highlights踩高跷 stilt 支柱；高跷 walk哑剧 pantomime; mime哑剧演员 pantomimist戏剧小品 skit马戏 circus show单口相声 monologue 独白；独角戏comic talk, standup comedy特技表演 stunt相声 witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk杂技 acrobatics京韵大鼓 the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum 鼓；鼓状物accompaniment 伴奏；伴随物秦腔 Shaanxi opera武术 martial 军事的；战争的art功夫 kung fu武术门派 styles or schools of martial art习武健身 practice martial art for fitness气功 qigong, deep breathing exercises拳击 boxing篆刻 seal 密封；印章；海豹 cutting upriteous工艺 , 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship卷轴 scroll蜡染 batik泥人 clay figure漆画 lacquer 漆，天然漆 painting唐三彩 Trio -colored glazed 像玻璃的 pottery 陶器 of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonn é文房四宝 The four stationery 文具；办公用品 treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper 民间传说 folklores寓言 fable传说 legend神话 mythology古为今用 , 洋为中用 make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china赋诗 inscribe题写，题献 a poem对对联 matching an antithetical正相反的，对立的couplet 对联阳历 solar calendar公历 Gregorian calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干 heavenly天国的；庄严的stem地支 earthly branch闰年 leap跳；冲动的行动year二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms十二生肖 the twelve Chinese zodiac黄道带；黄道十二宫图signs本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12Terrestrial 地球的；人间的 Branches传统节日 traditional holidays春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)清明节 the Pure Brightness Festival / the Tomb-sweeping Day (Aprilthe 5th)端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)lunar 中秋节 the MoonFestival / the Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eightmonth)重阳节 the Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day（二）第二部分：缩写词CIA--Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局ABC—American Broadcasting Corporation[k?:p?· re??n]美国广播公司CCTV--China?Central?TelevisionFBI--Federal Bureau ['bj??r??] of Investigation联邦调查局NSA--National ['n??n?l] Security [s?'kj??r?t?] Agency国家安全局NASA--National Aeronautics [e?r?`n?:t?ks] and Space Administration国家航空航天局APEC--Asian-Pacific[`e??n]Economic [i:k?`n?m?k]Cooperation[k?? ?p?`re??n]亚太经济合作组织ATM--Automatic[`?:t?'m?t?k] Teller['tel?(r)] machine自动取款机BBS--Bulletin['b?l?t?n] Board System电子公告板CEO--Chief[t?i:f] Executive[?ɡ'zekj?t?v] Officer首席执行官CFO--Chief Financial[fa?`n?n?l] Officer首席财务官CPI--Consumer Price Index全国居民消费价格指数CPU--Central Processing Unit微处理器GDP--Gross Domestic[d?`mest?k] Product国内生产总值GNP--Gross National ['n??n?l] Product国民生产总值GPS--Global Position System全球定位系统OTC--Over the Counter非处方药SUV--Sport-utility[ju:`t?l?ti] vehicle多用途跑车。

英文专有名词介绍Proper nouns are specific names that identify a particular person, place, organization, product, or event. These names are capitalized in written English. Here are some examples of proper nouns and brief descriptions:1. John Smith: A common English personal name, referring to a specific individual.2. London: The capital city of England and the United Kingdom, known for its history, culture, and iconic landmarks such as the Buckingham Palace and the Tower Bridge.3. Facebook: A popular social media platform founded by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, which allows users to connect with friends, share content, and join online communities.4. Apple Inc.: A multinational technology company that designs, manufactures, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. Known for its innovative products such as the iPhone, iPad, and Mac computers.5. World War II: A global conflict that took place from 1939 to 1945, involving many nations and resulting in significant social, political,and economic changes worldwide.6. Coca-Cola: A carbonated soft drink created by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in 1886, known for its distinctive taste and iconic red and white logo.7. Harvard University: An Ivy League research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1636, it is one of the most prestigious educational institutions in the world.8. Mount Everest: The highest peak in the world, located in the Himalayas on the border of Nepal and China. It is a popular destination for mountaineers and provides breathtaking views.9. The Mona Lisa: A famous painting created by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century. It is displayed in the Louvre Museum in Paris and is considered one of the most recognized and valuable works of art.10. United Nations: An international organization founded in 1945, consisting of 193 member countries, with the goal of promoting peace, security, and cooperation among nations.译文：专有名词是识别特定的人、地点、组织、产品或事件的特定名称。

名词：1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。

如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。

如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。

如：water, news, oil, population, information .2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s。

如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。

如：photo→photos, piano →pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。

如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。

如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。

名词：1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。

如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。

如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。

如：water, news, oil, population, information .2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s。

如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。

如：photo→photos, piano →pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。

如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。

如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。

专有名词:是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称，即：人名，地名，国家名，单位名，组织名，等等。

例如：人名：Tom，Peter，Mr Yang地名：Europe，New York，People‘s Square节日、月份、星期：Christmas，February，Saturday专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。

注意：有些单词字母的大小写不同，词义也不一样。

如：Rose 罗斯（姓名）——rose玫瑰花China 中国——china 陶瓷或中国（不特指）普通名词表示一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名称，如: worker, camera, steel等。

专有名词分类：英语中根据专有名词前是否带冠词可分为两类：?①零冠词：如：Yale University, Beijing Railway station，是由专有名词＋普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。

?②定冠词：如：The United States，The Great Wall，由形容词＋普通名词组成?一般来讲，专有名词前面不用定冠词the。

但江河海洋，山脉群岛地理名称前要用定冠词；有两个以上的普通名词组成的专有名词前，一般要用定冠词。

单复数同形：Chinese，Japanese?单复数不同形：German—Germans，American—Americans?其中，若专有名词复数与定冠词连用，表示“某某夫妇”或“某某一家”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

专有名词用法：（一）人名英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反，姓在后面，名在前面，姓名前通常不用冠词。

例如：Mary Smith；George Washington。

（1）一般熟人间通常用名称呼。

例如：How's John getting on? 约翰近来好吗？（2）在不熟悉人之间或表示礼貌时，常把姓和称谓连用。

例如：Would you please tell John Smith to come to the office? 请你告诉约翰?史密斯到办公室来一次好吗?（3）姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人。

专有名词荟萃肾胃相关: <素问·水热穴论》：“肾者，胃之关也。

”明代张介宾注：“肾主下焦，开窍于二阴。

水谷入胃，清者由前阴而出，浊者由后阴而出。

肾气化则二阴通，肾气不化则二阴闭。

肾气壮则二阴调，肾气虚则二阴不禁，故曰“肾者，胃之关也。

剑关苦拒而阴平非复汉有：一味治本而忽略其他症状的危害。

不禄：古代士死的委婉语。

素位：安于素常所处的的地位。

亦即不求名位。

刀圭：即指刀匕；刀币。

可做钱币，也可为量药器具。

1.姓氏上古姓、氏本有分别，姓起于女系，最初是代表有共同血缘、血统、血族关系的种族称号，简称族号。

氏起于男系，氏的产生，最大量、最频繁的时代是周朝。

秦汉以后，通称姓，或兼称姓氏。

2.中阙：宫殿的中门。

3.弃捐填沟壑：“死”的委婉说法。

4.眼泪：涕（1）泗滂沱―《诗经·陈风·泽陂》传:“自目曰涕，自鼻曰泗。

”悲愁垂涕―《列子•汤问》。

涕古文中多指眼泪。

5.鼻涕：目涙下，鼻涕（2）长一尺―王褒《僮约》。

先秦时，“洟”、“泗”。

6.退走：奔跑。

《释名》：“徐行曰步，急行曰趋，急趋曰走。

”。

7.疾病：病为疾之重。

8.“每处不过七八壮”：壮，量词，一灸为一壮。

壮月：农历八月的别称。

9.表病愈的：愈：舍去，辄愈。

除：病亦应除。

差chai：病亦行差。

平复：即平复矣。

起：明旦并起。

济救：遇良医乃可济救。

瘳：吾疾其遂瘳矣乎。

10.表死亡：绝：当啼泣而绝。

不救：五日不救。

卒：五日卒。

11.禽，古时统称鸟兽，现独指鸟类。

12.黔首：秦代对平民的称谓。

13.思过半：谓收益多。

14.黎元：犹“黎民”，百姓。

民首皆黑，故曰黎民。

15.表“百姓”一词：黎元、黎民、黔首、、含灵（《大医精诚》）、苍生（原意为草木《大医精诚》）、赤子、布衣等。

16.弱龄：弱冠之年，指男子二十岁左右。

古代男子二十岁行冠礼。

17.龟镜：也做“龟鉴”，喻借鉴。

古人卜龟甲以占吉凶，照镜子以见美丑。

18.上古三坟：神农本草经，黄帝内经，伏羲八卦。

英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

2名词：定义：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.分类：专有名词和普通名词：2.1、专有名词：是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写如：Beijing, Tom, Chinese, German, Italian两个或以上普通名词组成的专有名词,要加the：the People‟s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式要加the：the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2.2、普通名词：是许多人或事物的共有名称。

如：pupil, family, man, foot.▲可数名词：可以计数：box, child, orange；▲不可数名词：不可以计数：water, news, oil, population, information .英语可数名词的单复数：1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s：map → maps,boy→ boys, horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s：photo→photos, piano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep, tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese, (German Germans).不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.2.3、名词所有格：名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。

专有名词的定义和解释目录前言第一部分专有名词的定义和解释第二部分展览场地租赁合同补充条款2.1 中心及其设施的使用2.2 展位搭建和拆除、设备安装和展品运输2.3 乙方的责任2.4 付款条件2.5 广告区域费用2.6 电费2.7 合同的终止2.8 其他2.9 权利、义务的授权与转让2.10 保障2.11 补偿的弃权和许可2.12 甲方权利的行使或补偿的实现2.13 通讯联络2.14 部分无效第三部分展厅规章制度3.1 消防及安全管理规定、3.1.1 展台的搭建和场地规划3.1.2 展台搭建设计图纸审查的规定3.1.3 展馆顶部吊点3.1.4 高空作业3.1.5. 设施安装3.1.6 危险物3.1.7 压力容器3.1.8 演示、操作展品3.1.9 物品的保管3.1.10 油漆3.1.11 紧急疏散措施3.1.12 保安3.1.13 公用事业设备服务3.2 设施保护管理规定3.2.1 展台的搭建和拆除3.2.2 地面承重3.2.3 垃圾处理3.2.4 沙石、泥土及类似材料3.3 展品及搭建物进馆的搬运3.3.1 物品搬运3.3.2 货物交递3.3.3 货箱储存3.3.4 运输车辆3.4 其它服务管理规定3.4.1 公共区域及通道3.4.2. 平面图的提交3.4.3 乙方需提供文件3.4.4 宣传材料的散发3.4.5 声像系统3.4.6 空调3.4.7 动物3.4.8 气球3.4.9 残疾人设施及服务3.4.10 钥匙3.4.11 失物招领3.4.12 管理费3.4.13 公共停车场3.4.14 签到处3.4.15 卫星接受器的安装3.4.16 餐饮及花草3.4.17声音控制前言《上海新国际博览中心展馆使用手册》(简称《手册》)是其展览场地租赁合同(简称租赁合同)不可分割的组成部分。

本手册旨在帮助承租上海新国际博览中心有限公司展（馆）厅（会议室和室外展场等区域）举办展览会/非展览活动的主办单位，以及提供其它相关配套服务的单位进一步了解上海新国际博览中心有限公司租赁合同有关名词解释，租赁合同补充条款，以及展馆的各项规章制度。

总裁助理assistant president综合治理comprehensive treatment安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information-based; informationization智力密集型concentration of brainpower; knowledge-intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and-order situation民族国家nation state台独"independence of Taiwan"当局Taiwan authorities同胞Taiwan compatriots是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大开发Development of the West Regions可持续性发展sustainable development风险投资risk investment通货膨胀inflation通货紧缩deflation扩大需to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学computer-assisted instruction(CAI)网络空间cyberspace虚拟现实virtual reality网民netizen(net citizen)电脑犯罪computer crime电子商务the e-business网上购物shopping online学生减负to reduce study load下海plunge into the commercial sea下网offline小康之家well-off family; comfortably-off family新秀up-and-coming star, rising star新新人类New Human Being；X Generation信息港info port形象小姐/先生image representative of a product or a brand虚拟网virtual net学生处students’affairs division研究生毕业证/学位证graduate diploma / graduate degree’s diploma 摇钱树cash cow以人为本people oriented; people foremost义务教育compulsory education易拉罐pop can应试教育examination-oriented education system舆论导向direction of public opinion运球dribble在职博士生on-job doctorate早恋puppy love招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office 证券营业部stock exchange; security exchange知识产权intellectual property rights中专生secondary specialized or technical school student 中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone专卖店exclusive agency; franchised store自我保护意识self-protection awareness综合国力comprehensive national strength综合业务数字网integrated service digital network(ISDN)公正、公平、公开just, fair and open好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbuster黄金时段prime time假唱lip-synch劲射power shot拉拉队cheering squad来电显示机caller ID telephone论文答辩(thesis) oral defense泡沫经济bubble economy票贩子scalper, ticket tout拳头产品competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster三角恋爱love triangle三维动画片three-dimensional animation申办奥运会bid for the Olympic Games实现中华民伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation市场疲软sluggish market筒子楼tube-shaped apartment脱贫致富cast(shake,throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 网吧Internet bar网恋online love affair网上冲浪surf the Internet网上交易平台online trading platform网友net friend无人售票self-service ticketing无绳来电显示cordless telephone with caller ID无线应用协议WAP（wireless application protocol）不服从父母disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策stick to the basic state policy for family planning 进行全国人口普查carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观damage the morality of human society缩小代沟narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚ask for a divorce提高人口素质improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and development维护人权和不断改善人权状况safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation享受优越的生活条件enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异display a marked difference优化人口结构optimize the population structure优生优育bear and rear better children占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、资源、环境的关系correctly handle the relationship of economic developmentversus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见ask for her parents’opinion挣零花钱earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题pay attention to the problem of an aging population 逐渐削弱长辈的权威undermine the authority of the older generation尊重和保障人权respect and guarantee human rights帮助减缓全球变暖速度help slow down the pace of global warming保持生态平衡keep ecological balance保持水土preserve soil and water保护珍稀野生动植物protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式pursue a “green”life创造良好的生态环境create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展promote the sustainable development of the city 发展太阳能develop solar energy防治污染prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林pay great attention to the conservation of forest 改善生态环境improve the eco-environment (ecological environment) 关闭化工厂close chemical plants加大污染治理力度strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设improve the eco-construction加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划further speed up environmental protection plans禁止露天焚烧prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals开展绿色活动advocate green activities扩建管道网络expand the pipe network普及环保知识popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码snatch password窃取知识产权lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standards 使电脑死机crash computers使用再生纸use recycle paper探索…的奥秘probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识improve residents’environmentaland ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重increase the supply of clean energy resources投放电脑病毒unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure为大量野生动植物提供栖息地provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为人类提供水和食物supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源attach importance to saving resources把…列为世界自然文化遗产list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产protect cultural heritage (relics)博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries 不注重历史neglect history采取保护态度take protective attitude承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来build on the past and prepare for the future; inherit the past and usher in the future充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals触击现行法律的盲区touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new)从事电子商务工作conduct e-commerce促进儿童身心健康发展promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally促进交流promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products促进相互了解enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持enjoy grass-root support抵住…的诱惑resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art反映中国的灿烂文化reflect the rich culture of China放下架子relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)腐蚀人的灵魂poison one’s mind改进教学improve teaching and learning给学生减负alleviate the burden on students和…持相似观点share views similar to互派访问学者exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history; carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating交换意见exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人impart knowledge and educate people经受住暴风雨的考验weather the storm精心编写教材compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网purify the Net举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition) 举行学术会议hold an academic meeting开创假日经济initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力exploit one’s potential开阔视野widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程offer courses开展对外文化交流conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩evaluate academic scores (achievements)避开与…比赛avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻mark a historic time表现完美give some very good performance剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动participate in the bidding campaign超过世界记录surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲become the pride of the nation创新世界纪录set a new world record达到国际体育标准reach the standard for international games打败比利时队defeat Belgium打破恶性循环break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠take the crown反对使用兴奋剂oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气boost the morale of the team members获得认可gain recognition获得团体冠军win the team title激发中国青年的雄心壮志fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果satisfy with the draw面对强手face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough 使其他选手相形见绌dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力wake up one’s life使中国以3∶2取胜give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平raise the level of the Chinese team挑选选手choose players同教练反应一致share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动做出贡献make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace卫冕世界冠军regain world champion吸引中国大学生优秀选手attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量take on an opponent与强队竞争compete with strong teams增进友谊strengthen friendship展示技能demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展demonstrate (show) the latest development of China’s soccer主办奥运会host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会grasp the chance to practise and learn爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法adopt various methods采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures承担风险bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国经济需求spur domestic demand刺激国需求stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理经验introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation促进改革promote reform促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy打击投机crack down on speculation and profiteering打破垄断break the monopoly打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场take back lost market发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages防和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境improve the environment for investment赶超先进surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作further cooperation with和…有合作关系have cooperative ties with活跃市场enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐accelerate the competition加快努力speed up efforts加强风险防prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力ease the seriousness of deflation减轻…的负担reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency 剪彩cut the ribbon解除劳动关系sever labor relation解放生产力emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)把…捐给慈善机构donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌look upon …as a threat to society把…列为基本国策list…..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导take…as the guide把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with practice …把握大局grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement采取各种措施adopt various measures参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局break the deadlock打破禁区break off a forbidden zone得出结论draw ( arrive at，come to，reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献make important (great, major) contributions to 反对各种形式的恐怖主义be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to 根除(防止,消除)腐败root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界observe the present-day world缓和紧状况ease the tension回顾奋斗历程review the course of struggle加快改革步伐accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion坚持改革开放政策adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想emancipate our minds解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题resolve new problems进入世界先进行列edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期enter a new period进行和谈hold peace talks进行战略性调整make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协accept a compromise on开发西部remake the west开始生效go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进open up new ways forward科教兴国rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系rationalize the relationship。

精品文档
1.专有名词
纺织娘：它喜食南瓜、丝瓜的花瓣，由于它也吃桑叶、柿树叶、核桃树叶、杨树叶等，但也吃其他昆虫，所以有一定的危害性，因而它属于害虫之列。

雄性用前肢摩擦能发出类似“轧织、轧织”的声音，以此吸引异性。

芍药：芍药属多年生草本。

芍药花瓣呈倒卵形，花盘为浅杯状。

果实呈纺锤形，种子呈圆形、长圆形或尖圆形。

芍药被人们誉为“花仙”和“花相”，又被称为“五月花神”。

大丽菊：大理菊原产墨西哥，是墨西哥的国花。

大丽菊花朵硕大,花期长,色彩丰富。

有人形容它：“红晕晕犹如贵妃醉酒，白莹莹好似仙女披纱，黄灿灿有如嫦娥舞袖”。

大丽菊花色多样,艳丽异常，适宜庭园种植。

实用文档。

口译各类素材的专有名词大全
口译各类素材的专有名词大全是根据不同的领域和主题而定的，以下是一些常见的口译素材的专有名词：
1. 政治类：国家、政府、政党、政策、方针、路线、外交、政治体制等；
2. 经济类：经济、市场经济、产业结构、财政、税收、贸易等；
3. 社会类：人口、教育、医疗、福利、就业等；
4. 文化类：文化、文明、艺术、历史、传统等；
5. 科技类：科技、技术、创新、研发等；
6. 环保类：环境、生态、气候变化等；
7. 法律类：法律、法规、条约等；
8. 医学类：疾病、药物、治疗等；
9. 旅游类：旅游景点、旅游服务、旅游文化等；
10. 教育类：教育体制、学科专业、教育政策等。

以上仅是一些常见的口译素材的专有名词，实际上还有很多其他的专有名词，需要根据具体的语境和主题来确定。