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Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
Social Customs
Greeting Practice
Small Talk Humor
Mar.-July, 2008
Customary Behavior
Business English
Social Customs
Superstitions and Taboos Dress Code
Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
When Not to Shake Hands
❖With someone of higher status (let them approach you or make the first gesture);
❖To break an awkward moment of silence when being introduced to someone new (a proper handshake should also involve conversation);
Holidays
Customary Behavior
Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
Social Customs
Office Customs Public Behavior Eating Habits
Mar.-July, 2008
Customary Behavior
Business English
Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
High-context cultures
❖ High-context cultures (including much of the Middle East,
Asia, Africa, and South America) are relational,
Middle East A gentle handshake
Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
Handshake
Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
Handshake Etiquette
1. Start with eye contact and a smile. 2. Go for the thumb. 3. Firm, not strong. 4. Up and down, not back and forth. 5. Adjust duration. 6. Consider your left hand. 7. Close with eye contact and a smile.
Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
Low-context cultures
❖Explicit contracts conclude negotiations. This is very different from communicators in highcontext cultures who depend less on language precision and legal documents. High-context business people may even distrust contracts and be offended by the lack of trust they suggest.
❖ Culture context:
Anthropologist Edward T. Hall’s theory of high- and low-context culture helps us better understand the powerful effect culture has on communication. A key factor in his theory is context. This relates to the framework, background, and surrounding circumstances in which communication or an event takes place.
❖If the other person’s hands are full and a handshake would require them to shift items from one hand to another, or to have to put things down.
Mar.-July, 2008
Greeting Practice--Handshake
Culture
China
U.S Britain France Germany Latin America
Japan Russia
Greeting Customs
A bow or nod is the common greeting; a handshake is also quite common; applause is common when greeting a crowd A firm handshake A soft handshake A light and quick handshake (not offered to superiors) A brisk and firm handshake A moderate grasp handshake with an embrace often accompanied by a couple of slaps on the back A gentle handshake, always combined with a bow A strong firm handshake, followed by a bear hug
❖ A Japanese manager explained his culture’s communication style to an American: “We are a homogeneous people and don’t have to speak as much as you do here. When we say one word, we understand ten, but here you have to say ten to understand one.”
❖If you have nothing to say to the person (a handshake is an invitation for conversation or desire for social interaction);
Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
When Not to Shake Hands
❖Someone whose right hand, arm, or shoulder, is clearly injured, or they need their hand to support their weight with a cane or crutches;
❖ Is a small talk really small?
➢ Break the ice ➢ Strike the conversation
Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
Small-talk or not?
❖The following systems are found in all cultures: economic, political, legal, educational and linguistic systems.
Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
Culture Context
collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative.
❖ People in these cultures emphasize interpersonal relationships. Developing trust is an important first step to any business transaction. These cultures are collectivist, preferring group harmony and consensus to individual achievement. And people in these cultures are less governed by reason than by intuition or feelings. Words are not so important as context, which might include the speaker’s tone of voice, facial expression, gestures, posture—and even the person’s family history and status.
Mar.-July, 2008
Business English
High-context cultures
❖High-context communication tends to be more indirect and more formal. Flowery language, humility, and elaborate apologies are typical.
Business English
Smaall talk?( chitchat, light conversation) ---polite conversation about matters of little importance, especially between people who do not know each other well
