6新闻阅读专题复习
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人教版七年级语文下册期末专题复习综合性学习训练及答案一、部编七年级语文下册综合性学习1.请你按照要求完成下列题目。
过中华节日,品味传统民俗:元宵观灯、端午吃粽……多姿多彩的传统节日习俗内涵丰富,具有浓郁的中华文化韵味。
过好中国节,也是对中华文化的一种传承。
(1)(识节日)以下各个选项中,全是传统节日的是()A.元旦、春节、中秋、国庆、七夕B.圣诞、春节、中秋、七夕、重阳C.春节、元宵、端午、中秋、重阳D.春节、清明、建军、中秋、重阳(2)(品民俗)请任选一种中华传统节日(不重复例句),仿照例句的结构和内容,写一个句子。
例句:粽香端午,声声锣鼓赛龙舟。
仿句:________【答案】(1)C(2)示例1:月圆中秋,家家团聚吃月饼。
示例2:绿满清明,户户扫墓祭先人。
【解析】【分析】(1)C全是传统节日。
A“元旦”“国庆”不是传统节日。
B“圣诞”不是传统节日。
D“建军”不是传统节日。
(2)抓住前例句“粽香端午,声声锣鼓赛龙舟”的句式结构。
内容要选一种中华传统节日,且写出传统节日的民俗活动,要与前例句相谐。
一定要符合神形兼备的要求。
故答案为:⑴ C;⑵示例1:月圆中秋,家家团聚吃月饼。
示例2:绿满清明,户户扫墓祭先人。
【点评】⑴本题考查正确对待传统文化.传统文化既有精华,也有腐朽的内容,所以我们要吸取精华,去其糟粕,并要把传统文化与时代精神相结合,发展先进文化.据此作答;⑵仿句,要求有三,一是所述事物属于同类事物,二是句子的结构要相同,三是句式和语气要一致,有的还要求写作手法相同,比如修辞方法相同。
2.爱国是中华民族的优良传统。
为弘扬爱国主义精神,七年级(3)班准备开展以“祖国在我心中”为主题的综合性实践活动,请你积极参与并完成下面任务。
(1)【读新闻】阅读下面资料,用一句话概括其主要内容。
9月6日,正在澳大利亚国立大学攻读博士学位的留学生雷希颖在新浪微博发起这样的倡议:“拍张与五星红旗的合影,写下对祖国的祝福,以‘我和国旗合个影’为主题,用我们的微博传递一个声音:我爱你,中国!”倡议一出,广大网民特别是青年人和海外留学生纷纷响应,截至9月23日,“我和国旗合个影”微博话题已突破6000万阅读量,6万余条讨论。
小学新闻阅读练习1. 标题:熊猫双胞胎在动物园诞生熊猫双胞胎在某某动物园顺利诞生。
这对可爱的熊猫宝宝是由妈妈熊猫在几个小时前产下的。
工作人员正密切关注宝宝的健康状况,并计划为他们提供专门的护理。
2. 标题:学校举行环保主题日某某小学今天举行了一个特殊的活动——环保主题日。
学生们穿上绿色衣服,参加了多项与环保相关的活动,例如种树、清理垃圾等。
这个活动旨在教育学生们保护环境的重要性,并鼓励他们采取行动来保护地球。
3. 标题:小学生参观科技博物馆某某小学的学生们参观了当地的科技博物馆。
他们参观了各种科技展品,学到了许多关于科学和技术的知识。
学生们对这次参观充满了兴奋和好奇,他们表示这是一次有意义的研究经历。
4. 标题:小学举行戏剧表演比赛某某小学的学生们表演了一场精彩的戏剧表演比赛。
学生们精心准备了剧本和服装,在表演中展示了他们的才华和创造力。
这次比赛不仅提高了学生们的表演技巧,还培养了他们的团队合作和自信心。
5. 标题:小学生参加足球比赛某某小学的足球队参加了一场激烈的比赛。
队员们展现出了团队合作和坚持的精神,在比赛中尽力拼搏。
虽然最终比赛结果不尽如人意,但学生们表示他们会继续努力,为下一场比赛做好准备。
6. 标题:小学生参加英语演讲比赛某某小学的学生们参加了一场英语演讲比赛。
学生们用流利的英语表达了自己的想法和观点,展示了他们的口语表达能力。
这次比赛为学生们提供了一个展示自己才华的机会,并促进了他们对英语研究的兴趣。
7. 标题:小学生参观动物保护中心某某小学的学生们参观了当地的动物保护中心。
他们了解了动物保护的重要性,观察了各种动物的生活环境,并学到了如何保护野生动物。
这次参观使学生们意识到保护动物的责任,并激发了他们对动物保护的关注。
8. 标题:小学举行运动会某某小学举行了一年一度的运动会。
学生们参加了各种体育项目,展示了他们的体育才华和运动精神。
运动会不仅增强了学生们的身体素质,还培养了他们的团队合作和竞争意识。
(二)新闻阅读【例①】(《她只能活七小时》)现在,计划正在实施之中,由两个州的警察护送青霉素这个仁慈的东西从新布伦瑞克运到这个奄奄一息的女孩的床头。
下午6点30分,柯利蒂大夫在霍兰隧道的入口处碰到了一群焦急的记者。
当那辆仁慈之车停在施贵宝实验室前面时。
时间是下午7点30分。
新闻语言一般是客观平实的,而这篇报道却有所不同。
请对文中画线部分做简要分析。
考生答案:“在霍兰隧道的入口处碰到了一群焦急的记者”,用“焦急”二字表现了记者对小女孩的爱,加强了文章的紧迫感。
失误原因:不懂运用术语作答。
学生答案缺乏语言特点专业术语的分析,没有回答到问题的“点”上。
既然是与“客观平实”的新闻语言不同,那么从“仁慈”“奄奄一息”“焦急”等词语看来,这部分的语言特点就是带有“感情色彩”,作用方面自然带有“较强的感染力”或是体现了对小女孩的情感。
不过该生答案中“焦急”是分析,“表现了记者对小女孩的爱”是含有作者情感倾向。
参考答案:画线部分运用“仁慈”“奄奄一息”“焦急”等词语,具有浓烈的感情色彩,使报道具有较强的感染力和明显的倾向性(或体现了对小女孩的爱心和人道主义情怀)。
【例②】③记者:从事艺术的人,大都喜爱用浪漫的情怀表现生活,但是,大西北的现实并不浪漫,是什么信念支持您走过这几十年的岁月?王洛宾:到大西北的时候,我已是中年。
一天,走在新疆戈壁滩上,一块五六丈高的大石头突然出现在我的眼前,石头上刻着一句话:“世界上最大的岩石也是由一粒粒细沙结成的。
”这是一句哈萨克谚语,这句谚语极大地鼓舞了我,即使我一天只写一个音符,一年三百六十五天下来我还能完成三百六十五个音符。
我就是一粒细沙,只要不倒下去,慢慢积攒总会变成岩石。
④记者:音乐能给人带来很多的快乐,然而对于您、音乐带来更多的是坎坷与磨难,为什么您始终没有放弃音乐创作?王洛宾:我一生坎坷是因为音乐造成的,曾经,我想到过死,然而,也是音乐在我最痛苦时救了我。
所以,我并不抱怨。
中考专题复习新闻、广告、颁奖词一、知识回顾新闻的相关知识。
(1)新闻的定义:“新闻”有广义和狭义之分,从广义来说,包括消息、通讯、报告文学等;从狭义来说,就是指消息。
新闻(消息)是简明和迅速报道国内、国际新近发生的事实的一种体裁。
(2)新闻的六要素:、、、事件发生的、、 ___ 。
(3)新闻的基本要求:(4)新闻的三个特点A、内容真实准确;(真实性)B、报道迅速及时;(及时性)C、语言简明扼要。
(准确性)(5)新闻结构的五部分:新闻结构包括、、、和五部分。
前三者是主要部分,后二者是辅助部分。
A、标题,就是新闻的题目。
新闻的标题可以是单行标题.也可以用双行或多行标题。
标题的本体是正题(单行标题只有正题,也叫主标),通常是概括新闻中最主要的内容和含意,要求明确、简练、突出。
正题前可以加上引题(引标),正题后可以加上副题(副标),这样就形成了双行或多行标题。
B、导语,就是新闻开头的第1段或第一两句话,它扼要地揭示新闻的核心内容。
C、主体,就是新闻的主要部分,它用充足的事实表现主题,是对导语内容的进一步扩展和阐释。
D、背景,就是指新闻发生的社会环境和自然环境。
E、结语,一般指消息的最后一句或最后一段话,是消息的结尾,它依内容的需要,可有可无。
背景和结语有时可以暗含在主体中。
另外,用电讯发出的新闻通常还有个“电头”。
用来交代通讯社的名称,发电地点和时间。
(6)新闻的表达方式:以记叙为主,有时兼有议论和描写。
二、典型题型和解题方略(一)撰写标题【典型试题】下面是盐城市某报的一则新闻,请为这则新闻拟一个标题。
(不超过20字)本报讯3月29日,在上海世博局举行的世博会会徽设计颁奖仪式上,上海市有关领导为世博会会徽中标者、盐城市青年广告设计师邵宏庚颁发了获奖证书和20万元奖金。
邵宏庚今年34岁。
去年年底,当他得知上海世博会正在征集会徽后马上行动,接下来的时间里把所有精力都投入到设计中。
今年2月他将自己最满意的1件作品送到上海,这件作品最终从9046件应征作品中脱颖而出,被正式确定为上海世博会会徽。
新闻复习资料第一章新闻与新闻评析第一节新闻评析的性质与目的一、新闻与新闻评析的含义(一)新闻新闻是新近发生的事实的报道——陆定一新闻是新近变动的事实的传播——王中新鲜的事实事实未发生---新发生事实已发生---新披露新发现新预测新变动(二)媒体新闻媒体新闻:由一定的新闻机构发布的新闻事实才是新闻,我们称之为媒体新闻。
媒体新闻的特性:真实性、新鲜性、公开性、服务性(三)什么是新闻评析对新闻媒体公开发表的新闻作品进行评价和分析,即通过对新闻作品的新闻特性的发掘和分析来判断其新闻价值的大小的活动。
评:新闻价值和社会效果析:对新闻作品的社会成因与表现手法进行综合分析二、新闻评析的对象指对新闻报道的成品进行评价与分析。
新闻作品:消息、通讯、新闻摄影、广播电台、电视台的新闻性专题节目等。
三、新闻评析的性质新闻评析包括对新闻作品的阅读和赏析新闻理论(基础)新闻评析(应用)实践性应用性四、新闻评析的目的(一)评判作品的新闻价值(基本目的)1、定义:新闻事实适应社会需要的各种素质的总和,是指新闻所产生的社会效益。
2、构成要素:①不变要素:真实性、新鲜性②可变要素:重要性、接近性显著性、趣味性(二)启迪记者、编辑的新闻实践新闻敏感1、迅速而准确地判断某一事实的政治意义2、及时判断某一事实是否能引起读者的广泛兴趣3、及时判断某一事实是否新鲜,是否会对全局产生积极的作用和影响4、及时判断同一个新闻事件中的许多事实,哪个是最重要的,哪个是次要的5、善于从纷纭复杂的事实中看出事物发展、变化的趋势,增强采访的计划性和新闻报道的预见性(三)引导受众鉴赏提高受众的认识能力和鉴赏水平第二节新闻评析的特点一、新闻的基础——客观事实(一)新闻用事实说话(二)用事实说话的客观性1、内容:新闻事实是一种客观存在。
2、形式:新闻的倾向性应通过新闻事实的逻辑力量来显现。
二、新闻评析的基础客观事实(一)新闻事实首先具备事实的特性①客观存在性②具体、实在性③不同的认知立场、观点和方法决定了对同一事实可能会做出不同的表述。
专题突破卷06阅读理解之新闻报道最新高考真题1.(2024年新高考II卷)Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read?Yes,we all have our phones,but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.Well,there’s a kiosk(小亭)for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area,at least.“You enter the fare gates(检票口)and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute,or a five-minute story,”says Alicia Trost,the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”It’s that simple.Riders have printed nearly20,000short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.Some are classic short stories,and some are new original works.Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders.“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,”Trost says.“And as of right now,we’ve received about 120submissions.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”Ridership on transit(交通)systems across the country has been down the past half century,so could short stories save transit?Trost thinks so.“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience.So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,”she says.And you’ll never be without something to read.1.Why did BART start the kiosk program?A.To promote the local culture.B.To discourage phone use.C.To meet passengers’needs.D.To reduce its running costs.2.How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?A.By popularity.B.By length.C.By theme.D.By language.3.What has Trost been doing recently?A.Organizing a story contest.B.Doing a survey of customers.C.Choosing a print publisher.D.Conducting interviews with artists.4.What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?A.It will close down.B.Its profits will decline.C.It will expand nationwide.D.Its ridership will increase.2024年高考模拟真题(2024·辽宁辽阳·模拟预测)Leonardo da Vinci experimented with chemicals while painting some of his representative works—including The Mona Lisa—forming a poisonous layer hidden beneath the celebrated art. Researchers studying a tiny microsample from a corner of the painting found a substance known as plumbonacrite (水白铅矿),a poisonous compound(化合物)formed when oil and lead(Ⅱ)oxide(氧化铅)are mixed together.The Mona Lisa,and many other paintings from the Renaissance era in the early1500s,were painted on wooden panels.These required a thick base layer to enable artists to create their works on top.The most common method was using a substance called gesso,which comes from plaster of Paris,but the presence of plumbonacrite suggests Da Vinci layered his painting with lead white paint,mixed with oil infused(泡)with lead(Ⅱ)oxide.Writing in the Journal of the American Chemical Society,the authors said,“The most remarkable signature in the sample is the presence of plumbonacrite,a rare compound that is stable only in an alkaline(碱性的) environment.Leonardo probably attempted to prepare a thick paint suitable for covering the wooden panel of The Mona Lisa by treating the oil with a high load of lead(Ⅱ)oxide.”It is thought the lead(Ⅱ)oxide may have been used to help the paint applied on top of it to dry.The team reviewed Da Vinci’s writing to find reference to his use of the chemicals,but found only“unclear references”to plumbonacrite.It seems once again the famous scholar was ahead of his time,with the technique only found in other paintings by Rembrandt in e of plumbonacrite at the time seems to have been limited to skin and hair treatment.In addition to The Mona Lisa analysis,the team used high-resolution analytic techniques on17samples from across the surface of The Last Supper and found it also contained the same poisonous base layer. 5.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.A poisonous compound was found in The Mona Lisa.B.Da Vinci created his painting through trial and error.C.Researchers damaged the famous painting while studying it.D.Da Vinci buried some poison under the painting to protect it.6.What did Da Vinci possibly do while painting?A.He used lead to decorate the painting.B.He applied oil to cover the wooden panel.C.He treated skin and hair with plumbonacrite.D.He mixed oil and lead together to create a thick paint.7.Why did the author mention The Last Supper?A.To support the finding above.B.To show how talented Da Vinci is.C.To explain the process of artwork creation.D.To stress the importance of analytical techniques.8.What is the best title for the text?A.Mona Lisa,a Mysterious WomanB.Poisonous Chemicals Help Create ArtworksC.Da Vinci,a Distinguished Painter as Well as a ChemistD.The Mona Lisa Reveals a Poisonous Secret Hidden in the Painting(2024·安徽马鞍山·三模)About one in four Americans are physically inactive,according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.But for many of us,physical inactivity is not an intentional choice.It stems from sitting all day at a desk job,driving to work because there are no suitable walking or cycling routes. But what if the infrastructure(基础设施)around you gave you the opportunity to move your body without taking extra time out of your day?“An active city would offer you loads of ways to get from A to B,”said Anna Boldina,an architectural researcher and designer who studies active cities at the University of Cambridge in the U.K.“Not only would these active cities be full of variety,but the various elements of an active city also have their own specific benefits: for example,stepping stones improve balanced co-activation of a variety of upper and lower body muscles as well as mindfulness and concentration on’here and now,’known as a stress relief.”This all sounds great for future city design and planning,but how can we integrate these feature s into existing city infrastructure?“The best way to transform a place into an active city is through small interventions here and there:an extra stepping stone shortcut across the grass or extra log across the rain garden,”Boldina said.“Sometimes it is not about adding;it is about removing.It is also important that these routes are accessible to people of all ages and abilities.”Of course,if there are always less challenging alternatives available,how can we encourage those who are able to take the more physically active routes?“One of our studies was aimed specifically at encouragement,”Boldina said.The study found that the most effective means of encouragement was providing a shortcut.“Other factors included playfulness,crossing water,using natural materials and adding handrails for confidence,”added Boldina,whose group is currently working with architects in Cambridge to create such active landscapes. 9.Which of the following best explains“stems from”underlined in paragraph1?A.Relies on.B.Is caused by.C.Mixes with.D.Is changed into.10.What can we learn about active cities?A.They contribute to better health.B.They offer personalized activities.C.They rely on governmental support.D.They generally look like each other.11.What does Boldina think matters when we transform a place into an active city?A.Protecting the local environment.B.Adding a variety of safety equipment.C.Making it easy for people to use.D.Designing as many routes as possible.12.What does Boldina’s study try to find?A.How to motivate citizens to use active routes.B.How to make active routes functional and fun.C.Why citizens have little interest in active routes.D.Why Cambridge can succeed,in adopting active routcs.(2024·黑龙江·二模)A Virginia family whose home was destroyed by a fire last week recently received the gift of some old-fashioned Christmas cheer from“Santa Claus”(圣诞老人).In the spirit of Christmas,the Ferrum Volunteer Fire Department delivered presents to the family who lost their home and belongings in a house fire on Thursday.“It was a working structure fire and unfortunately the family lost everything.We as volunteers knew that we couldn’t let this mom and her three kids go through Christmas without anything,”the fire station wrote on Facebook.“Yes,they’re OK but it’s Christmas,right?”The fire station officials delivered Christmas gifts to the mother and her three children the following day at the local church shelter they were staying at,and in photos posted on the site,the children appeared joyful.“We brought gifts and more gifts!The kids were overjoyed and very grateful.”the station said on its post.“They were very happy to see all the gifts and the fire trucks that we brought the gifts in,”the department told USA TODAY.The kids received Barbies,Pokémon,artworks,remote control cars,blankets,clothes and shoes.The mother also received a gift card.The Facebook post was flooded with what seemed to be comments from community members touched by the generosity.“The best Christmas gifts are the ones you give!Thank you all for your wonderful service and your big hearts!”one user commented.“So thankful they are alright!We are truly blessed to live in such a giving and helping community,and our fire department and rescue teams are amazing!Great job!So proud!”another user wrote.13.What can we learn from the text?A.The Fire Department provided the family with shelter.B.The volunteers saved some belongings for the family.C.The family went through Christmas in sorrow.D.Receiving a Christmas gift is a traditional joy.14.What’s the comments’attitude towards the fire station?A.Ambiguous.B.Unconcerned.C.Appreciative.D.Sympathetic.15.How does the author develop his idea?A.By giving examples.B.By using quotation.C.By making comments.D.By analysing causes.16.What’s the best title of this article?A.Firefighters or Santa Claus?B.Firefighters Safeguarded UsC.A Fire Brought Gifts D.Love Can Cure(2024·河南新乡·三模)English businessman Richard Branson made history on July11,2021as he and three other crewmates became the world’s first space tourists.The flight was made by a spacecraft named VSS Unity that was built by Branson’s company,Virgin Galactic.The flight lasted slightly more than an hour,and took Branson and crew to an altitude(海拔)of53.5miles above the Earth,just a little above the boundary(边界)of space which lies50miles above the Earth.At that height,the atmosphere turns into the black of outer space and the Earth becomes a bent ball of blue. Travelers also exhibit weightlessness as there is no gravity,the force that keeps our bodies walking on the Earth’s surface.Therefore,Branson and his fellows were able to float around in VSS Unity while enjoying the views. They were able to do that for three minutes before the spacecraft began its downward journey.It landed back at Virgin Galactic’s space port in New Mexico,United States,which is the same place from where it had taken off90 minutes before.On landing back,Branson said,“I have dreamt of this moment since I was a kid but honestly,nothing couldprepare you for the view of the Earth from space.It was just magical.I’m just taking it all in,and it’s unreal.”July11’s flight is the start of space tourism for one and all.In early2022,customers who can afford a ticket for a quarter of a million dollars can line up for a seat on a trip to space.And guess what—they will have a choice of spacecraft.Jeff Bezos,who owns a famous company,is all set to launch himself into space on July20 on board a spacecraft built by his new branch company Blue Origin.Blue Origin will also carry tourists to space. 17.What is Richard Branson famous for?A.His success in tourism.B.His company of Virgin Galactic.C.His spaceship named VSS Unity.D.His first commercial space travel in history.18.What does Branson think of his space travel?A.Unbelievable.B.Adventurous.C.Regrettable.D.Worthless.19.What do space tourists have to do?A.Take a spacecraft of Virgin Galactic.B.Pay$250,000for the rocket tour.C.Pass the fitness test for astronauts.D.Line up for a position in Blue Origin.20.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Humans will move to other livable planets.B.Ordinary people will soon land on the moon.C.Private rocket space travel is growing gradually.D.Some companies abandon their proper business.(2024·浙江·三模)MyHeritage has announced the release of two new AI features which it promises will ‘revolutionise genealogy(系谱学)’research,similar to how ChatGPT revolutionised searching the Internet.The first feature,AI Record Finder TM,is an interactive chatbot that helps family historians find relevant historical records about a person of interest within MyHeritage’s database of20billion records.This free-text chat tool enables users to talk to an intelligent assistant to find information about their ancestors,relatives,or other people who have passed away.In addition to AI Record Finder TM,MyHeritage has also introduced AI Biographer TM,another innovativefeature that automatically generates a narrative biography about an ancestor’s life using information from historical records that match the person.This creates a Wikipedia-like biography,which gives users a complete understanding of their ancestor’s life story.These two new features are integrated,allowing MyHeritage users to create an AI Biography for their ancestors using the AI Record Finder TM.With this integration,users can easily use a conversational AI to search for historical records.This makes it faster and easier to find information about their family members.Gilad Japhet,Founder and CEO of MyHeritage,said of the new features,“We’re constantly pushing the boundaries of genealogy to reinvent the way people can discover their family history as we aim to reshape genealogy in the21st century.Together,these advanced features strengthen MyHeritage’s position as the industry leader for innovative genealogy and continue our mission to make family history easier,more accessible,and more fun for everyone.”AI Record Finder TM is a disruptive feature that simplifies the way people can find information about their ancestors by making the search easier.AI Biographert M turns a person’s life details into a fascinating story.Not all our ancestors were famous,but they all deserve to be remembered!21.What is a typical feature of AI Record Finder TM?A.It updates MyHeritage’s database.B.It generates a narrative biography.C.It narrows down the target information.D.It helps users interact with intelligent people. 22.Which of the following would Gilad Japhet probably agree with?A.That AI genealogy promotes family history creation.B.That the new AI-driven features give way to MyHeritage.C.That MyHeritage spares no effort to advance genealogy.D.That more will be done to strengthen MyHeritage’s position.23.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word“disruptive”in the last paragraph?A.Relevant.B.Pioneering.C.Disturbing.D.Comprehensive.24.What might be the best title for the text?A.MyHeritage Leads in AI GenealogyB.MyHeritage Promises to RevolutioniseC.AI Features:A New Era for GenealogyD.AI Record Finder:Smart Search for Family Histories(2024·黑龙江大庆·模拟预测)“Palace,Mountain,Moon?”has been selected by NASA as the Astronomical Picture of the Day for December25,2023.The photo was taken by Valerio,a young photographer of Turin,Italy.It was shot on the evening of December15,2023.While he knew about NASA’s competition,he hadn’t considered participating until receiving much encouragement from his social media followers.Soon after,he received the message,“Your image has been chosen as the astronomical photo of the day.”It was incredible!In a photo like this,nothing is left to luck.The concept came to him back in2017.Walking on the hills north of Turin,he found several spots perfect for including both the Basilica of Superga Palace and Mountain Monviso.After numerous visits over several months,he identified four spots where Superga and Monviso line up just right.After pinpointing these locations,he experimented with shooting them at different times.“I knew I needed something special to perfect the photo.The Sun was a no-go,so I turned to the Moon.Its various phases and position s reach an azimuth angle(方位角)of230degrees,”Valerio said.With this in mind,he researched the Moon’s phases,marked potential dates on the calendar,and planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue.It was very successful,especially because the Moon was in a waxing phase.This meant that in the photo, not only was its crescent(新月)lit up,but so was the left part,its shadowed side.That part is lit by reflected light, also known as Da Vinci’s glow,named after him because he was the one who theorized about why the Moon’s shadowed side is brightened.During the early days of the waxing Moon phases,the shadowed part is visible because the Sun’s light reflects off the Earth and hits the Moon’s shadowed side,giving it a greyish,silvery color. This allowed the light to outline Monviso on the left as well.25.Why did Valerio send the photo to NASA?A.He took an interest in astronomical advances.B.He expected to create an impact on social media.C.He received broad support from enthusiastic fans.D.He wished to make his hometown a tourist hot spot.26.In Valerio’s photo,the three objects______.A.shine light on each other B.stand in a straight lineC.fit each other in size D.vary from usual in color27.What did Valerio do to prepare for the perfect photo?A.Studying how the Moon phase changes.B.Calculating the Superga-Monviso distance.C.Analyzing when to adjust the camera angle.D.Measuring the height of the observation point. 28.What was lit up by the Da Vinci’s glow?A.The outline of the crescent.B.The outline of Superga.C.The dark side of the Moon.D.The shadowed side of the Earth.(2024·湖北武汉·二模)Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating,including paying to have their names added to a paper.The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices.It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor,job promotions,and salary bonuses.And officials are investigating more than170other researchers at a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct, including72listed n the national registry who work at14universities in Peru.The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior.Dishonest publishing practices“transcend mere moral misbehavior”because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth,says Edward Málaga Trillo,a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills,which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year.“These individuals are operating academic cheating.”Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems. One cause,some researchers say,is a2014law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output.For example,under a scoring system used by universities,researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal,and two points when the journal is lower impact.A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion.Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious,notes Nahuel Monteblanco,president of Cientificos.pe,a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct.Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject.“If your colleague consistently publishes 20articles a year with co-authors from other countries,that’s highly suspect,”Monteblanco says.29.What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating?A.Fining72offenders for academic dishonesty.B.Disqualifying2scientists from a national registry.C.Punishing170researchers for academic misconduct.D.Withdrawing government fund from14universities.30.Which of the following is closest in meaning to“transcend”in paragraph3?A.Change.B.Strengthen.C.Go beyond.D.Approve of.31.What do we know about the2014law in Peru?A.It advocated a fair scoring system.B.It applied to high-impact journals.C.It led to an increase in false authorship.D.It aimed to punish dishonest publishing.32.The most suspicion might be given to a productive researcher with_________.A.career promotion B.consistent research focusC.few citations by Punto Final D.co-authors from various countries(2024·云南·二模)A six-month-old corgi being trained to become the first of his breed to work as a police dog in China,made his first public appearance recently at the open day of a police camp in Weifang,Shandong Province.His appearance challenges the stereotype(固有模式)that“little short legs”cannot join the police force.Fu Zai,whose name means“Lucky Boy”,has made waves on social media with his iconic smile,short legs and wagging tail.As a reserve police dog,Fu Zai faces a heavy workload.Training,scheduled for every morning and afternoon,involves a variety of subjects,such as obedience exercises,bomb searches and scent(气味)tracking. He began training when he was two months old and has stood out and outperformed many of his peers.“His strong environmental adaptability,insensitivity,his desire to possess items and his fondness for food are particularly favorable in our training,”said Wang Yanan,head of the police dog base at the Weifang Public Security Bureau.Following four months of training,Fu Zai can now take advantage of his short legs to go beneath cars and easily search tight spaces.He can also improve interactions between police dogs and the public because of his adorable appearance.Fans on social media joked about Fu Zai.One of them wrote,“Corgis can be plainclothes police,for they attract less attention than German Shepherds.”“Police dogs are not only cute,but trainers have made a lot of efforts to train them to be professional,”Wang said.Fu Zai is still a fresh hand and must undergo a period of further training to adapt to complex environment before officially entering service.33.What can be said about the training of Fu Zai?A.It is conducted around the clock.B.It aims at making Fu Zai a guide dog.C.It has proved to be adventurous.D.It involves multiple and challenging tasks.34.What advantage does Fu Zai have as a police dog?A.He is able to shoulder a heavy workload.B.He excels at handling complex environment.C.His short legs enable him to work in narrow places.D.He will attract public attention when he is at work.35.What does Wang Yanan say about the corgi?A.He has some suitable qualities for training.B.He is already a professional police dog.C.His lovable appearance is advantageous.D.His smiles improve interactions with the public.36.What can we infer from the text?A.Fu Zai has served as a police dog for half a year.B.Fu Zai performs well because of his intelligence.C.Fu Zai has been recognized around the world.D.Fu Zai needs further training to be a police dog.(2024·辽宁·模拟预测)Despite extreme cold,cruel ice and being brushed off as mad,Slovenian Davo Kamicar became the first person to ski non-stop down Mount Everest.After a dramatic fall over almost sheer cliffs of snow,stones and ice,38-yeur-old Kamicar returned to his base camp after five hours of skiing.“I feel only absolute happiness and absolute tiredness,”he said.Due to the severe weather conditions,Kamicar flung himself back down the mountain as soon as he reached the top rather thin have a rest as planned.At one point,he had to speed over stretches of ice that collapsed and broke underneath him and could have sent him falling into the deep crevasses(裂缝)that dot the mountain.The descent(下落)had been widely regarded as extremely dangerous.The Darwin Awards website,known for documenting foolhardy deaths,urged people to log on to their website and“keep your eyes peeled for a live Darwin Award”.However,the only body to make the news was the corpse(尸体)of an unknown mountaineer which Kamicar zipped past as he descended,one of an estimated120corpses,thought to litter the slopes.“This mountain is always full of surprises.Seeing a dead man out there was still a shocking experience,”he said.Thanks to strategically placed cameras on the mountain and one attached,to his safety helmet,hundreds ofthousands of people witnessed the process online,which was one of the record highs ever of more than650,000 hits:The website was once jammed as people tried to access the site.A previous failed attempt had already cost Kamicar two fingers when he got frostbite as a fierce storm hit the peak,Coming from a skiing family and had his first Himalayan skiing expedition in1989,he has been ever since tireless in raising funds and sponsorship for more expeditions,with Everest as the permanent goal. 37.How did Davo Kamicar make history?A.By skiing down Mount Everest without rest.B.By attracting the largest number of online audience.C.By descending Mount Everest within the shortest time ever.D.By becoming the first to film his descent down Mount Everest.38.What does the underlined word foolhardy in paragraph3mean?A.Daring but thoughtless.B.Natural but tragic.C.Peaceful and lonely.D.Slow and heartbreaking.39.What was the most dangerous during Kamicar’s descent?A.His heavy falling off a sheer cliff.B.The sudden appearance of other climbers.C.The unexpected collapse of an icy hillside.D.The sight of120corpses littering the slopes.40.Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?A.Darwin Award for SurvivorsB.Body of Mountaineer Found on EverestC.Mad Man Skis down EverestD.Extreme Sports Hero Slides to a Record。
高考语文专项复习之新闻类阅读理解新闻分类新闻有广义狭义之分。
广义的包括——消息、通讯、特写、电视新闻等体裁;狭义的专指消息。
文体特点新闻(1)基本特点:迅速及时、内容真实、语言简明。
(2)最主要的特点:“用事实讲话”。
(3)基本结构:标题、导语、主体、背景、结语。
标题、导语、主体是消息必不可少的,背景和结语有时则蕴涵在主体里面,结语有时可省略。
标题:要求准确、凝练、新颖、醒目。
形式有单行标题,多行标题。
多行——引题(引标):交待形势,烘托气氛,说明背景等。
正题(主标):对一则消息内容的高度概括。
副题(副标):往往是重要事实,结果的提要。
导语:消息的第一句话或第一段话以凝练简明的语言,概述新闻的主要内容或事实,鲜明地揭示新闻的中心。
写法常见的有叙述式、描写式、评论式、提问式、结论式等。
主体:对导语内容进行展开和补充,是消息的躯干。
按事情发生发展的先后顺序安排层次,按事物之间的逻辑关系安排层次。
结语:消息的最后一句话或一段话,有的消息,事实说清楚了,就不需要结尾。
它可对全文内容作概括性小结;可用带有启发激励性的语言作结;可对发展趋势作预测;可提出值得深思的问题。
消息(1)真——真实准确,有根有据,用事实说话。
(2)新——内容要新,新人新事,从新角度说话。
(3)活——生动活泼,鲜明生动,用形象说话。
(4)短——篇幅短小,中心一个,用重点说话。
解读新闻文本的几个办法新闻是属于记叙文的一种类型,包含了记叙文的基本特点,解读时我们可以借鉴记叙文的阅读方法,但又不能照搬全套。
因此,根据新闻特点我们在复习时可采用如下的六个步骤:1、看标题信息,揣摩新闻类型;2、抓记叙要素,了解大致内容;3、理行文线索,分清段落层次;4、辨叙述方式,领会布局特点;5、挖中心主旨,理解文本意义;6、析表现手法,以供鉴赏探究。
第一步“看标题信息”,类似作文审题;而“揣摩记叙类型”,则是指阅读的审题目标要比作文单一。
即通过对题意的揣摩,要能辨出该文的记叙对象,是人物新闻还是事件新闻,是消息还是通迅。
专题二新闻答题模板一、新闻类文本阅读考点分解如下:1、分析新闻的文体特征。
2、筛选并整合新闻的信息。
3、分析新闻思想内容。
4、鉴赏新闻的表现手法。
5、评价新闻的社会功用。
6、探究文本反映的人生价值和时代精神。
二、文体特点:(1)基本特点:迅速及时、内容真实、语言简明。
(2)最主要的特点:“用事实讲话”。
(3)基本结构:标题、导语、主体、背景、结语。
标题、导语、主体是消息必不可少的, 背景和结语有时则蕴涵在主体里面,结语有时可省略。
三、点拨(一)分析文本的文体特征1、导语的作用:①概括事实; ②激发兴趣(悬念) ; ③情感基调(全文) ; ④情感态度(作者) ;⑤引出下文(铺垫)2、标题的作用:标题:准确、凝练、新颖、醒目。
引题(引标) :交待形势,烘托气氛,说明背景等。
正题(主标) :揭示新闻事实,对内容的高度概括。
副题(副标) :对正题补充说明。
(1、分析新闻标题的表达技巧及其作用(2、分析新闻标题对表达新闻主题的作用(3、分析新闻标题对吸引读者的作用(4、分析新闻标题对表达记者观点和感情的作用3、背景作用新闻背景是指新闻事实发生发展的历史条件和环境条件。
历史条件指事实自身的历史状况,环境条件指事实与周围事物的联系。
介绍背景, 有利于了解新闻发生发展的来龙去脉, 加深对新闻的认识和理解, 深化新闻的主题,并有丰富内容、增加知识性和趣味性的作用。
(1.补充情况,事实充分,帮助我们全面、完整地理解所报道的新闻事实( 2、突出主题, 阐述意义,有助于提高新闻价值。
(3、提供知识,引发兴趣。
(4、借用背景,表明作者观点。
(二) 、分析文本的主要表现手法1、表达方式:叙述、描写、抒情、议论新闻一般采用”倒金字塔”式结构(即先说结果,再说重要事实,最后说次要内容) ,但有的通讯叙述方比较灵活多变,有顺叙、倒叙、中间或许还会有插叙、补叙等叙述方法,这就要求我们在阅读时特别关注。
(叙述方式作用)方法小结(1)顺叙(按事情发展先后顺序)脉络清楚、印象深。