Naturalfactors-然自自然(枫特)

油气田燃料天然气组分特征对实测碳排放因子的影响廉军豹付玥张鑫袁良庆刘宏彬李世熙谭小红（大庆油田设计院有限公司）摘要：通过实测碳排放因子计算公式理论分析及油气田典型燃料天然气实例分析，探索燃料天然气组分特征对实测碳排放因子的影响。

结果表明：各生产系统使用的油气田燃料天然气含碳原子数量较多的组分含量越多，实测含碳量碳排放因子及实测低位发热量碳排放因子越大，含碳原子数量较少的组分或H 2、O 2、N 2、He 不含碳的组分含量越多，实测含碳量碳排放因子及实测低位发热量碳排放因子越小；除实测方法系统性差异外，一定含量的CO 2，是导致油气田燃料天然气实测低位发热量碳排放因子与实测含碳量碳排放因子之间存在显著差异的重要原因；各类燃料天然气碳排放因子存在普遍性差异，干气的实测碳排放因子明显比湿气的小。

上述结论将为油气田燃料天然气碳排放核算提供技术支持。

关键词：油气田；燃料天然气；碳排放因子；组分特征；实测DOI :10.3969/j.issn.2095-1493.2023.11.016The influences of fuel natural gas composition characteristics on measured carbon emission factors in oil and gas fieldLIAN Junbao，FU Yue，ZHANG Xin，YUAN Liangqing，LIU Hongbin，LI Shixi，TAN Xiaohong Daqing Oilfield Design Institute Co ．，Ltd ．Abstract：The influences of fuel natural gas composition characteristics on measured carbon emission factors are explored through the theory analysis of measured carbon emission factors formula and the cas-es analysis of typical fuel natural gas in oil and gas field．The results show that the higher the content of components with more carbon atoms in the natural gas used as fuel of each production system in oil and gas fields，the greater the carbon emission factor from measured carbon content and that from measured low calorific value．The higher the content of components with less carbon atoms or components with-out carbon such as H 2，O 2，N 2，He in natural gas used as fuel in oil and gas fields，the smaller the car-bon emission factor from measured carbon content and that from measured low calorific value．What's more，in addition to systematic differences between measurement methods，a certain amount of CO 2is an important reason for the significant difference between the carbon emission factor from measured carbon content and that from measured low calorific value of natural gas used in oil and gas fields．In addition，there are universal differences in various carbon emission factors of fuel natural gases in oil and gas fields，and the measured carbon emission factors of dry gas are significantly smaller than those of wet gas．Most importantly，the above conclusions will be provided technical support for the carbon emis-sion accounting for fuel natural gas in oil and gas fields ．Keywords：oil and gas field；fuel natural gas；carbon emission factor；composition characteristics；measurement第一作者简介：廉军豹，高级工程师，硕士研究生，2010年毕业于中国地质大学（武汉）（应用化学专业），从事油气田碳资产研发技术研（碳控楼），163712。

T emperature rise (maximum output)T emprise (°F)NEW 150S GPM 180 series GPM 210 series GPM 240 series GPM 35 6.88.410.111.240 5.97.48.89.845 5.3 6.57.88.750 4.8 5.97.17.855 4.3 5.3 6.47.160 4.0 4.9 5.9 6.565 3.7 4.5 5.4 6.070 3.4 4.2 5.0 5.675 3.2 3.9 4.7 5.280 3.0 3.7 4.4 4.985 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.690 2.6 3.3 3.9 4.4100 2.4 2.9 3.5 3.9110 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.6120 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.3130 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.01401.72.12.52.8DHW capacityModels Natural gas (BTU/H)Propane gas (BTU/H)NEW NPE-150S18,000–120,00018,000–120,000NPE-180 A/S series 15,000–150,00015,000–150,000NPE-210 A/S series 19,900–180,00019,900–180,000NPE-240 A/S series 19,900–199,90019,900–199,900Operating costNavien tankless 175 therms $191*Other tankless 209 therms $228*50 gallon tank269 therms$293** B ased on Energy Guide cost estimates using$1.09 per therm of natural gas. Cost is in US dollars.WarrantyApplicationLabor Parts Heat exchanger ResidentialStandard or controlled recirculation 21 year 5 years 15 years Uncontrolled recirculation 31 year 3 years 5 years Commercial or Combi 1Standard or controlled recirculation2 for units produced on or after Jan. 1, 20161 year5 years8 yearsStandard or controlled recirculation 2 for unitsproduced before Jan. 1, 2016 1 year 3 years 10 years Uncontrolled recirculation 31 year3 years3 years1Combi refers to a combination potable water and space heating application. Water heaters cannot be used in space heating only applications.2Controlled-Recirculation: Recirculation through the water heater is controlled by either the water heater or an external aquastat.3Uncontrolled-Recirculation: External pumps configured to circulate continuously through the water heater are subject to the uncontrolled recirculation warranty terms. An aquastat is the minimum pump control requirement for DHW or storage tank recirculation in order to maintain the full controlled recirculation warranty.For complete details please refer to the full warranty at .Product featuresTankless Water HeatersNavien certification summary Note: all NPE Models are field convertible from NG to LP gas.Product ApprovalsEfficiency Ratings*Annual Energy Consumption*(Residential)Model CSA NSF (Standard 5)Low Lead (<0.25%)SCAQMD 1146.2 (NOx, <20ppm)AHRI NumberEnergyStar Energy Factor (EF)Uniform Energy Factor(UEF)Max GPM (67°F Rise)Natural Gas (Therms/Year)Propane (Gallons/Year)Estimated OperatingCost**NPE-180A-NG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6678380Yes 0.970.96 4.3176$192NPE-180A-LPG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6678380Yes 0.970.96 4.3193$465NPE-210A-NG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6678381Yes 0.970.96 5.0176$192NPE-210A-LPG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6678381Yes 0.970.96 5.0193$465NPE-240A-NG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6678382Yes 0.970.96 5.6176$192NPE-240A-LPG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6678382Yes 0.970.96 5.6193$465NPE-150S-NG Yes Yes Yes Yes 8235610Yes 0.970.96 3.2115$125NPE-150S-LPG Yes Yes Yes Yes 8235610Yes 0.970.96 3.2126$304NPE-180S-NG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6478771Yes 0.990.97 4.2175$191NPE-180S-LPG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6478771Yes 0.990.97 4.2192$463NPE-210S-NG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6478772Yes 0.990.97 5.2175$191NPE-210S-LPG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6478772Yes 0.990.97 5.2192$463NPE-240S-NG Yes Yes Yes Yes 6478773Yes 0.990.97 5.7175$191NPE-240S-LPGYesYesYesYes6478773Yes0.990.975.7192$463*Based on U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) test procedures. **Based on a national average natural gas cost of $1.09/therm, propane cost of $2.41/gallon.COMFORT FLOWPUMP BUFFER TANK&NG LPFIELD GAS ORCONVERTIBLEDUAL HEAT EXCHANGERSSTAINLESSSTEEL CASCADE 16GAS 24 FT12CAPABILITYUP TO2”PVC 60 F TVENTINGUP TO2" PVC venting up to 60'1/2" gas pipe capabilityup to 24' (subject to local code)Cascade up to 16 units without external control boxDual stainless steel heat exchangersField gas convertibilityComfort Flo Exclusive recirculationmode available on“A ” ModelsU.S. Green Building Council LEED PointsWater heaterLocation Recirculation 1 Point2 Points3 PointsLower HERS home index scoreQuick FactsNavien Inc.20 Goodyear, Irvine, CA 92618800-519-8794, ItemModelNPE-150S NPE-180ANPE-180SNPE-210ANPE-210SNPE-240ANPE-240SHeat capacity (input)Natural gas 18,000–120,000 (BTU/H)15,000–150,000 (BTU/H)19,900–180,000 (BTU/H)19,900–199,900 (BTU/H)Propane gasEfficiency ratingsUEF (NG & LP)0.960.960.970.960.970.960.97EF (Canada NG & LP)0.970.970.990.970.990.970.99Flow rate (DHW)35°F (19°C) temp rise 6.8 GPM(26 L/m)8.4 GPM (32 L/m)10.1 GPM (38 L/m)11.2 GPM (42 L/m)45°F (25°C) temp rise 5.3 GPM(20 L/m)6.5 GPM (25 L/m)7.8 GPM (30 L/m)8.7 GPM (33 L/m)67°F (36°C) temp rise3.2 GPM (12 L/m)4.3 GPM (16 L/m) 4.2 GPM (16 L/m)5.0 GPM (19 L/m) 5.2 GPM (20 L/m) 5.6 GPM (21 L/m) 5.7 GPM(22 L/m)Dimensions 17.3"W x 27.4"H x 13.2"D Weight 55lbs (25kg)75lbs (34kg)67lbs (30kg)82lbs (37kg)75lbs (34kg)82lbs (37kg)75lbs (34kg)Installation type Indoor or outdoor wall-hung Venting type Forced draft direct vent Ignition Electronic ignition Water pressure 15–150 PSI Natural gas supply pressure(from source)3.5"–10.5" WCPropane gas supply pressure(from source)8"–13" WCNatural gas manifold pressure (min-max)-0.04" WC to-0.38" WC -0.04" WC to -0.84" WC -0.05" WC to -0.36" WC -0.05" WC to -0.58" WCPropane gas manifold pressure (min-max)-0.04" WC to-0.42" WC -0.05" WC to -0.50" WC -0.10" WC to -0.66" WC -0.10" WC to -0.78" WCMinimum flow rate 0.5 GPM (1.9 L/m), < 0.01 GPM (0.04 L/m) option for “A ” models*ConnectionsizesCold water inlet 3/4" NPTHot water outlet 3/4" NPTGas inlet 3/4" NPT Powersupply Main supply 120V AC, 60 HzMaximum power consumption 200W (max 2A), 350W (max 4A) with external pump connected MaterialsCasing Cold rolled carbon steelHeat exchangers Primary heat exchangers: stainless steel, secondary heat exchangers: stainless steel Venting Exhaust 2" or 3" PVC, CPVC, PP , SS / 2" or 3" special gas vent type BH (Class II, A/B/C)Intake 2" or 3" PVC, CPVC, PP , SS / 2" or 3" special gas vent type BH (Class II, A/B/C)Vent clearances 0" to combustibles SafetydevicesFlame rod, APS, ignition operation detector, water temperature high limit switch, exhaust temperature high limit sensor, power surge fuseNaviLink™ Wi-Fi Control PBCM-AS-001H 2Air™ KitAHU Optimizer PNBD-000001Remote Controller 30009757ACascade Cable GXXX000546External Pump Wire GXXX001319Plumb Easy Valve 3/4" with Relief Valve 30009323A2” and 3” Wall Flange and Vent T erminator Kit 2” – 30010747A 3” – 30003873BVent Cap NPE Series 30010604A Common Vent Collar Kit 30014367APeakFlowE™Anti-Scale System GXXX001725PeakFlowE™Replacement Media GXXX001726PeakFlow™Replacement Media GXXX001327ResidentialNeutralizer (1 unit) GXXX001322ResidentialReplacement Media GXXX001323Light Commercial Neutralizer (up to 6 units) GXXX001324Light Commercial Replacement MediaGXXX001328Commercial Neutralizer (up to 16 units) GXXX001325Commercial Replacement MediaGXXX001329Plumb Easy Valve 3/4” with Relief Valve Designed to work with pipe cover 30012581APipe Cover NPE Series 30012634A Use withIsolation Valves 30012581AHotButton ™ Control KitPZZZ-00046Wall Plate GXXX001427Push Button GXXX001426Ready-Link ® Rack Base (V2)GFFM-KDIZUS-003Ready-Link ® Rack Add-on (V2)GFFM-KDIZUS-004DimensionsAccessoriesSpecifications274" (695m m )288" (731m m )3" (77m m )6.7" (170mm)4.5" (115mm)04" (10m m )1.5" (38mm)14.3" (364mm)26" (67m m )132" (336m m ) (N P E -210A /240A )12" (306m m ) (N P E -180A )2.3"(60mm)3.0"(77mm)8.3"(212mm)17.3" (440mm )24" (61m m )24" (61m m )A B C F D GE Air IntakeΦ 2"Exhaust Gas VentΦ 2"Φ 3/4"Hot Water OutletΦ 3/4"Recirculation Inlet (A model)Φ 3/4"Cold Water Inlet Φ 3/4"Gas InletΦ 1/2"Condensate OutletConnection SizeConnection SizeABCF DG ENPE-QF002-1810©2018 Navien Inc.*Available for “A ” models configured in an optional ComfortFlow recirculation mode. Additional energy use will occur when using recirculation.Navien reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice. Please refer to to verify you have the most current information.The Leader in Condensing Technology。

大自然店长培训手册广东盈然木业有限公司目录第一部分企业与品牌篇 (02)第二部分产品与品质篇 (05)一、基础知识 (05)二、生态地板 (09)三、实木多层地板 (12)四、实木三层地板………………………………………………………………………五、实木地板 (16)第三部分销售与营销篇 (20)一、基本素质 (21)二、销售技巧(销售话术)……………………………………………………………三、终端陈列……………………………………………………………………………四、公关礼仪……………………………………………………………………………五、促销活动……………………………………………………………………………六、日常管理……………………………………………………………………………七、法律法规……………………………………………………………………………第四部分服务篇………………………………………………………………………一、服务理念……………………………………………………………………………二、服务要求……………………………………………………………………………三、金保姆服务标准和内容……………………………………………………………四、服务制度……………………………………………………………………………五、售后服务流程…………………………………………………………………………六、客户回访操作……………………………………………………………………第五部分当地经销商篇………………………………………………………………一、公司简介……………………………………………………………………………二、公司文化和荣誉…………………………………………………………………三、公司人才和激励篇………………………………………………………………四、公司发展剪辑………………………………………………………………………五、第一部分、公司篇导购员为什么要了解公司的情况？一是导购员了解公司情况，就可以向顾客介绍公司情况，赢得顾客对公司的好感；二是可以增强导购员对公司的自豪感。

保健品排行榜编辑：恩地无添加全球知名保健品排行榜你了解吗？伴随着城市化的演进，快节奏的生活、高压的工作、污染加剧的环境，使都市人群长期处于亚健康状态，严重威胁人们的身体健康。

想要拥有健康的体魄，科学有效的方式是合理补充必需的营养素。

营养保健补充剂在北美、欧洲、澳洲等地已经有近百年的发展历史了，其应用经过了长期大量的临床验证，事实证明，营养补充剂为提高人类健康水平，预防疾病，减少医疗开支起到了革命性的作用和意义。

在我国，营养补充剂起步较晚，市场发展迅速，各类品牌充斥市场，良莠不齐，令消费者眼花缭乱，难以分辨真假好坏。

下面就为大家逐一盘点全球知名的保健品牌和全球知名保健品排行榜，供大家甄别：Nordic Naturals中文名“挪蒂克”，Nordic Naturals是挪威专业鱼油生产商，它出品的鱼油是世界上最好的鱼油。

他们秉承最好的品质，其鱼油的纯净度，新鲜度，口味是其它品牌无可比拟的。

由于得天独厚的地理位置，Nordic Naturals的原料毫无污染，产品绝对绿色。

由于它卓越的品质，独到的配方，是挪威医学机构首推的鱼油品牌。

同时在挪威十大鱼油品牌中排名第一。

Nature’s Way，公司成立与1969年，由Murdock family`s创立，位于美国尤他州，是美国第一大草本保健品牌，是北美最多人选购的草本营养品的知名品牌;Nature`s Way现在是美国膳食补充营养品(Dietary supplement)制造商之一，产品均来自于天然和高科技的结合，为广大消费者提供500多种优质营养和天然成分的产品。

黄金美酶，goldmm这个品牌源自台湾，以“黄金美酶--自然疗法代餐调理”的理念在用户间留下深刻印象。

随着近年的大量实体活动推广和丰厚的奖品回报、看得见的减肥瘦身效果和养生保健疗效深受用户的喜爱。

因而其本身推广方式并不多，主要靠口耳相传的口碑营销在激烈的市场竞争中逐步取得一席之地。

Natural Factors：中文名“然自自然”，是加拿大最顶尖的营养品牌，有近60年的历史，是北美地区首屈一指的高端品牌，该品牌以其科学的配方和卓越的品质在业界享有超高的美誉度，产品通过了加拿大GMP、美国FDA(食品药品管理局)、USP(美国药典)等多家权威机构的认证，该品牌倡导有机天然，生产技术与检测标准都堪称行业标杆。

1.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The importance of time management.B.The benefits of exercise.C.The advantages of a healthy diet.（答案）D.The effects of stress on health.2.How does the author support the main argument in the text?A.By providing personal anecdotes.B.By presenting statistical data.（答案）C.By comparing different viewpoints.D.By giving examples from history.3.What is the meaning of the word "ubiquitous" in the context of the passage?A.Raremon（答案）C.ExclusiveD.Obsolete4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of climate change in the passage?A.DeforestationB.Industrial emissions（答案）C.Agricultural activitiesD.Natural disasters5.What is the author's attitude towards the new policy?A.Supportive（答案）B.CriticalC.NeutralD.Indifferent6.What does the phrase "in the long run" mean in the sentence?A.ImmediatelyB.Eventually（答案）C.OccasionallyD.Continuously7.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.The History of ScienceB.The Impact of TechnologyC.The Future of Education（答案）D.The Benefits of Globalization8.According to the passage, which of the following is a symptom of dehydration?A.Fatigue（答案）B.HungerC.ThirstD.Insomnia9.What is the main purpose of the speaker in the listening passage?A.To promote a product.B.To give a historical overview.C.To provide instructions.（答案）D.To express personal opinions.10.What does the character in the story learn from his experience?A.The value of perseverance.B.The importance of honesty.（答案）C.The benefits of taking risks.D.The consequences of laziness.。

2024北京海淀初三二模英语2024.05学校________________ 姓名_______________ 准考证号__________________本部分共33题，共40分。

在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

一、单项填空(每题0.5分，共6分)从下面各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. My sister likes watching movies and ____________ favorite movie is Mulan.A. herB. hisC. theirD. your2. Bill often climbs mountains with his grandparents ____________ Sundays.A. atB. inC. onD. to—Sure. Turn right at the first crossing. It's on your right.A. mustB. couldC. shouldD. need4. In my eyes, the spring in Beijing is as ____________ as the autumn.A. beautifulB. more beautifulC. most beautifulD. the most beautiful5. — ____________ will we have the graduation party, Jack?—In Room 102 of the Student Center.A. WhereB. WhenC. WhyD. How6. The traffic was terrible, ____________ we were late for the meeting.A. forB. butC. orD. so7. —Tim, why didn't your brother come to watch your show?—Because he ____________ an important test at that time.A. takeB. will takeC. is takingD. was taking8. —Sally, what did you do last weekend?—I ____________ a picnic in the park with my friends. It was great!A. haveB. will haveC. hadD. have had9. Next week, our class ____________ on a field trip to the history museum.A. goesB. will goC. wentD. has gone10. Lisa ____________ in Beijing for five years and she is quite used to the life here now.A. livesB. has livedC. livedD. will live11. Our library collection is getting larger and larger because new books ______ every month.A. addB. were addedC. addedD. are added12. —Alex, do you know ____________ ?—Yes, it's going to be ready for use after the summer vacation.A. when the new science lab openedB. when did the new science lab openC. when the new science lab will openD. when will the new science lab open二、完形填空(每题1分，共8分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

加拿大入籍移民考试试题（中英文）非完整版分享的这套试题中英文对照，可以下载下来，自己在电脑上练习，但有关自己所在省政党的问题可能不是最新的，需要自己再确认一下。

想移民的申请人可以好好看下。

1、Who are the Aboriginal peoples in Canada 谁是加拿大的土著?Aboriginal peoples were the first people to live in Canada. 土著是最早期居住在加拿大的人。

2、What are the three main groups of Aboriginal peoples 土著主要有那三类?First Nations, Inuit, Metis. (The group we once calledIndians are now known as First Nations )。

第一民族，烟劳人，美地人（以往称为印第安人的土著，现改称为第一民族）。

3、In which parts of Canada did the Aboriginal peoples first live 土著最早期在加拿大何处定居?The Aboriginal people lived in every region of Canada. 他们散居于加拿大各处。

4、What did the Aboriginal peoples living in your region depend on for survival ？住在你那区的土著以往靠什么为生?The Aboriginal people in Central Eastern region (Ontario and Quebec) depended on huntingand growing vegetable crops for survival. 中部及东部（安省和魁北克省）靠打猎和耕种。

5、From whom are the Metis descended 美地人源出于那里?Many of the early French fur traders and some English traders married First Nations women.Their children and descendants are the Metis people.很多早期的法国皮革商及有些英国商人与第一民族的妇人结婚，他们的孩子及后裔便是美地人。

Earthrise, Spirulina Natural, 500 mg, 180 Tablets一、最具品质的营养品牌 转载自网络美国―麦特金尼斯‖是一家在 1983 年创立的公司，全球营养品行业权威品牌，品质不容置疑。

美国 DouglasLab 道格拉斯实验室，是美国以致全球保健品行业里尖端品牌，50年来始终保持在科技最前沿。

其有一款综合营养素在―北美营养品比较指南‖中排名第二位，第一名叫做优莎娜。

其实那是营养素搭配比较，质量上道格拉斯更突出。

美国 DaVinci Laboratories 达芬奇实验室，中文名称―沃达康牌‖，是个半科研半商业化的机构，拥有多项美国国家专利，三十多年来一直走在美国非处方高级营养补充品的最新科技发展前沿。

此品牌已正式登陆中国，虽有高质量的产品，但市场却不如―广告品牌‖吃香。

美国 New-Chapter，的产品非常容易吸收，效果极佳，所以深得好莱坞女星们青睐—众多女明星在怀孕时服用New Chapter Organic的完美孕宝。

此品牌女士产品比较有名，孕妇营养产品最出众。

加拿大 Jamieson 健美生，世界第一维生素品牌 ,也是产和制作工艺最尖端的保健品企业，产品生物活性强，最易于人体吸收和利用，被誉为是全球最安全的保健品品牌。

健美生已进入中国，虽然品牌名气大，但是在国内并没有太大影响。

（暂且介绍这几个品牌）以上品牌均属于营养品行业奢华品牌，不仅拥有自己的科研技术，而且其中某些品牌产品都用于自己的科研机构，在市场中比较少见。

其产品进货价格稍高，品质无可挑剔。

二、专业品牌 Neocell 世界胶原蛋白第一人，其专利胶原蛋白的研制，畅销海内外。

Neocell在国内已有代理商 Nordic Naturals（挪帝克）–以质量闻名全球的鱼油第一品牌。

Enada NADH(线粒体素) 美国希格·伯克迈耶公司，是线粒体素Enada NADH的发明人乔格·伯克迈耶教授创立并以自己名字命名的基因线粒体医学高科技企业，是全球唯一的线粒体素NADH研发、生产企业。

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．halfway adj.中间的，半途的2．inhabitant n．栖居的动物3．penguin n．企鹅4．rat n．大老鼠5．vegetation n．植物，草木(总称) 6．erosion n．侵蚀7．chaos n．大混乱；紊乱8．virus n．病毒9．immunity n．免疫力10．substantial adj.大量的，多的11．intervention n．干预，介入12．postscript n．附言13．pest n．有害小动物；害虫14．dissolve v．(使)溶解15．nutrient n．养分，营养物16．session n．一段时间17．herbal adj.用香(药)草制成的18．criterion n．(复数criteria)标准，准则19．prosper v．兴旺，发达20．altitude n．海拔(高度)21．thrive v．茁壮成长22．fossil n．化石23．floral adj.花的24．coexist v．共存，共处Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．heritage n．遗产；传统2．habitat n．栖息地3．subsequently ad v.后来，随后4．appetite n．胃口，食欲5．decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少6．trap n．夹子，陷阱7．collapse v．倒坍；塌下8．incident n．事件9．owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务10．visual adj.视觉的11．status n．地位；身份12．rare adj.稀有的，罕见的13．apparently ad v.据说；看来，似乎14．vast adj.巨大的；广大的15．elsewhere ad v.在别处16．greeting n．问候，招呼Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．dramatically ad v.显著地；戏剧性地→dramatic adj.戏剧性的；突然的→drama n．戏剧2．multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增→multiple adj.多种多样的3．conservation n．保护→conserve v．保护→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的4．departure n．离开→depart v．离开；出发5．explode v．突然增加→explosion n．爆炸；激增6．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecological adj.生态的→ecologist n．生态学家7．comparison n．比较→compare v．比较8．mysterious adj.神秘的→mystery n．难以理解的事物；谜9．biological adj.生物的，与生物有关的→biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家10．variation n．差异；变化→variable adj.可变的；易变的→various adj.各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→vary v．变化11．endangered adj.濒临灭绝的→endanger v．危及；使……处于危险→danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的12．invasion n．涌入；侵犯，入侵→invade v．侵犯→invader n．侵略者13．secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；稳固的v t.获得；拴牢；保护→security n．安全；保护措施1．spark /spɑːk/v t.引发；激发n．火花；活力2．siege /siːdʒ/n．围困；包围3．devise /d I'va I z/v t.想出；设计4．shiver /'ʃI və(r)/v i.颤抖；发抖5．groan /ɡrəʊn/n．呻吟；低沉的声响v i.& v t.呻吟6．doom /duːm/n．厄运；毁灭v t.注定(失败、毁灭等)meet one’s doom死亡7．weariness /'w Iər I n I s/n．厌倦；筋疲力尽8．glide /ɡla I d/v i.滑行；滑翔glide away溜走；滑走9．pierce /p Iəs/v t.& v i.刺入；刺穿；穿透10．stealthily /'stelθI li/ad v.偷偷地；鬼鬼祟祟地Ⅳ.背核心短语1．on behalf of代表2．fail to do sth未做到某事3．in harmony with与……协调，与……一致，与……和睦相处4．develop an appetite for对……产生兴趣5．be introduced to被引进到……，被介绍给……6．die out灭绝；消失7．out of control失去控制8．remove...from...把……从……移走9．decrease from...to...从……减少到……10．in consequence结果，因此11．turn out原来是，结果发现12．a substantial number of大量的13．once and for all一劳永逸；彻底地14．owe...to...把……归功于……；欠……15．coexist with和……共存；与……共处Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.(否定副词置于句首引起的倒装)他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。

沈阳市某工业园区挥发性有机物活性及来源解析李一倬1方镜尧羿栗泽苑2华道柱2王帆1英秋实2叶华俊2 (1沈阳环境科学研究院，辽宁沈阳110005&.聚光科技(杭州)股份有限公司，浙江杭州310052)摘要利用沈阳市某工业园区大气监测数据，依据等效丙烯浓度(PEC)和臭氧生成潜势(OFP)法识别园区挥发性有机物(VOCs)活性物种，基于主成分分析(PCA)法和正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)模型进行VOCs来源解析。

结果表明：芳香烃、烯烃和C5烷烃为园区活性较强的组分;PCA法和PMF模型的VOCs来源解析结果基本一致，园区VOCs主要排放源为工艺过程源、溶剂涂料源、工业燃烧源、油品挥发源和机动车尾气源，这与城市大气VOCs来源有明显差异#油品制造、化学药品制造、轮胎制造、溶剂涂料制造和造纸等是园区主要排放VOCs的行业，管理部门应加强对涉及以上行业的相关企业进行重点管控#关键词工业园区挥发性有机物活性物种主成分分析正定矩阵因子分析DOI：10.15985/ki.1001-3865.2021.02.002Active species and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in an industrial park of Shenyang LI Yizhuo1, FANG Jingyao2LI Zeyuan2,HUA Daozhu2,WANG Fan',YING Qiushi2,YE Huajun2,.(1.Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences■,Shenyang Liaoning110005；2.Focused Photonics(Hangzhou)Inc.Hangzhou Zhejiang310052)Abstract:In order to understand the active species and sources of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in an indusErialpark of Shenyang"field measuremenEs daEa ofambienE VOCs was co l ecEed and analyzed.Propylene-equivalenEconcenEraion(PEC)andozoneformaionpoEenials(OFP)wereusedEodeEermineEheacEivespecies. PrincipalComponenEAnalysis(PCA)andPosi ive MaErix FacEorizaEion(PMF)meEhodswerealsoappliedEoidenify the major VOCs contributing sources.The results showed that aromatic,alkenes and C5alkanes were the most imporEanEreacEive componenEs.The source apporEionmenEs based onEhe PCA and PMF meEhods were almosE idenEicalboEhofwhichindicaEedEhaEindusErialprocess solvenEcoaEingindusErialcombusion gasolineevaporaion andvehicularexhausEwereEhe main VOCssourcesinEhisindusErialpark which wasofgreaEdi f erencewihurban ambient VOCs.In conclusion ,oil manufacturing,chemical manufacturing,tire manufacture,solvent coating and papermaking weremajorsourcesoftheVOCsemissionsandthemanagementshouldstrengthentheemissioncontrol inthesedepartments.Keywords:industrial park；volatile organic compounds；active species；Principal Component Analysis；Positive Matr@xFactor@zaton挥发性有机物(VOCs)是近地面O3和二次有机气溶胶的前体物,在大气化学反应过程中扮演着十分重要的角色「T。