What is Equality

关于社会主义核心价值观的英语作文公正全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Socialism Core ValuesHello everyone! Today, I want to talk about something very important - the core values of socialism. As children, we may not fully understand what it means, but it's essential for us to learn about it.Socialism core values are the guiding principles that promote positive behaviors and attitudes in our society. They are the foundation for a harmonious and prosperous country. Let's explore these core values篇2Socialism Core ValuesHello everyone! Today, I am going to talk about something important called "Socialism Core Values." It's all about the values that make our society better and stronger. Let's find out more about them!First of all, what are the socialism core values? Well, there are twelve of them. They are:ProsperityDemocracyCivilityHarmonyFreedomEqualityJusticeRule of LawPatriotismDedicationIntegrityFriendshipThese values are like guiding principles that help us make good choices and live a happy life. Let's learn more about some of them.One of the core values is "Harmony." It means we should get along well with others and treat everyone with kindness and respect. We should help each other and solve problems peacefully. When we live in harmony, our families, schools, and communities become better places.Another important value is "Equality." It means that everyone should be treated fairly and have the same opportunities. It doesn't matter if we are boys or girls, rich or poor, or come from different backgrounds. We should respect each other's differences and make sure that everyone feels included and valued."Justice" is also a core value. It means that people should be treated fairly by the law. We should follow rules and laws to create a just and safe society. If we see someone being treated unfairly, we should speak up and help them. Justice is about making things right and standing up for what is fair."Freedom" is a value that we all cherish. It means we have the right to express our thoughts and ideas, and we can make choices about our own lives. But freedom also comes with responsibility. We should use our freedom wisely and not harm others with our words or actions.Now, you may be thinking, how can we practice these values in our daily lives? Well, it's quite simple! We can start by being kind to others, helping our friends and classmates, and treating everyone with respect. We can also follow the rules and listen to our teachers and parents.Remember, we are the future of our country, and by embracing these core values, we can create a better world for ourselves and others. Let's work together to make our society prosperous, fair, and harmonious.In conclusion, socialism core values are the guiding principles that help us build a better society. They teach us about important things like kindness, fairness, and respect. Let's remember these values and practice them every day. By doing so, we can make a positive difference in our lives and the lives of others.Thank you for listening, and let's make our world a better place!篇3The Most Important Values We Should All FollowHi there! My name is Emily and I'm in 5th grade. Today, I want to talk to you about some really important values that we should all try our best to live by. These values come from socialism, which is a way of thinking that believes in equality, fairness, and putting the good of the community above individual interests.The first value is prosperity. Now, you might be thinking "Emily, I'm just a kid, how can I bring about prosperity?" Well, prosperity doesn't just mean having a lot of money or fancy things. It means working hard, being responsible, and doing things that contribute to society in a positive way. For example, I always try my best in school because getting a good education will allow me to have a job someday where I can help make our community better.Next up is democracy. You've probably heard that word a lot, but do you know what it really means? Democracy means that the people get to have a say in how things are run, whether it's in our country, our school, or even our family. My parents always ask for my input on decisions that affect me, like where we go for vacation or what we have for dinner. And at school, we occasionally vote on things like what games to play at recess. Having a voice is really important.The third value is civility. This one is all about being polite, respectful, and considerate of others. It means not talking back to teachers or parents, not bullying or making fun of other kids, and generally just being a kind person. I try my best to be civil by saying "please" and "thank you," holding the door for people, and using good manners. It makes me feel good, and it makes the world a little bit nicer too.Next, there's freedom. Now, this doesn't mean you can do anything you want without consequences. It means you have basic human rights like being able to practice your religion, say what you think (as long as it's not mean or hurtful), and make choices about your own life. In my family, we encourage each other to express ourselves freely and make our own decisions, while still following the rules.The fifth value is equality. This means that everyone should be treated fairly, no matter what they look like, where they're from, or what gender they are. At my school, we learn that it's wrong to judge people based on these things, and that we should give everyone an equal chance. On the playground, we make sure everyone gets a turn, and in class we raise our hands so the teacher can call on us equally. Equality helps create a community where everyone feels respected and included.Then we have the rule of law. This one is pretty straightforward - it just means following the rules and laws that keep society running smoothly. If there were no laws, everything would be chaos! That's why I always try to listen to my teachers and parents when they give me rules to follow. Having the rule of law helps keeps things fair and orderly.Next up is patriotism. Now, you might think this just means loving your country, but it's deeper than that. Patriotism means having pride in your community and its ideals, and working to uphold its values through your actions. I show patriotism by being a good student and citizen, taking care of my community by not littering or vandalizig, and standing up for what's right.The last value I'll talk about is dedication. This means being committed to working hard, persevering through challenges, and giving your all to achieve your goals. I try to show dedication by never giving up, even when my schoolwork gets tough. I study hard, pay attention in class, and do extra practice if I'm struggling with a subject. Having dedication will help me become the best version of myself.So those are the core socialist values - prosperity, democracy, civility, freedom, equality, rule of law, patriotism, and dedication.I try my best to live up to every single one of them each andevery day. These values don't just make our community and society better - they also help us grow into kind, responsible, hard-working people.If we all work together and embrace these socialist values wholeheartedly, I really believe we can create a world of harmony, justice, and happiness for all people. It might sound like a big dream, but I have faith that we can achieve it, one good deed and one core value at a time. Thanks for listening, and I'll see you next time!篇4The Core Socialist ValuesHello everyone! Today, I want to talk about something very important called the "Core Socialist Values". These values are like guiding principles that help us become good citizens and make our society better. As a young student, it's essential for us to understand and practice these values in our daily lives.The Core Socialist Values are composed of twelve key values that we should all follow. Let me explain each of these values to you in a simple way:Patriotism: We should love our country and be proud of it. We can show our love by respecting the national flag, singing the national anthem, and protecting our environment.Dedication: It means that we should work hard and be committed to our studies, our family, and our community. We should always try our best and never give up.Integrity: Being honest and trustworthy is very important. We should always tell the truth, keep our promises, and be fair to others. Being a person of integrity helps us build strong relationships.Friendship: We should be friendly and kind to everyone. Making friends and treating others with respect and understanding is the key to a harmonious society.Justice: We should treat everyone equally and fight against unfairness. If we see someone being treated unfairly, we should speak up and help them.Respect for the Elderly: We should honor and care for our elders. They have a lot of wisdom and experience to share with us. We should listen to them and help them whenever we can.Respect for Teachers: Our teachers play a vital role in our education. We should listen to them, respect them, and be grateful for their guidance and knowledge.Love for the Family: Our families are our support system. We should love and care for our parents, siblings, and relatives. We should create a warm and loving atmosphere at home.Respect for Nature: Nature is beautiful and provides us with everything we need. We should protect the environment, plant trees, and save water. By taking care of nature, we are taking care of ourselves.Hard Work: Success comes from hard work and perseverance. We should be diligent in our studies and work towards our goals. With determination and effort, we can achieve great things.Innovation: We should be creative and think of new ideas. Innovation helps us solve problems and make our lives better. We should always be curious and eager to learn.Harmony: Harmony means living in peace and unity. We should resolve conflicts peacefully and respect different cultures and beliefs. When we live in harmony, our society becomes stronger.These are the twelve Core Socialist Values that we should remember and practice every day. By following these values, we can contribute to building a better society and become responsible citizens.In conclusion, the Core Socialist Values are like a compass that guides us in our journey through life. As young students, let's embrace these values and make a positive impact on the world around us. Together, we can create a harmonious and prosperous society for everyone. Thank you!篇5The Core Values of SocialismHello everyone! Today, I want to talk about something very important— the core values of socialism. It's a big phrase, but don't worry, I'll explain it in a simple way!Socialism is a system where everyone is treated fairly and equally. The core values of socialism are like the rules that help us be good and kind to each other. There are four core values: patriotism, dedication, honesty, and friendship.First, let's talk about patriotism. Patriotism means loving our country and being proud of it. We should respect our national flag and anthem. We can show our patriotism by being good citizens and working hard to make our country better. Remember, our country is like a big family, and we should take care of it!Next, dedication is an important value. Dedication means putting in our best effort and working hard to achieve our goals. Whether it's studying at school, helping our parents at home, or practicing a hobby, we should always give our best. When we are dedicated, we can achieve great things and make our dreams come true!Honesty is another core value we should always remember. Being honest means telling the truth, being fair, and not cheating or stealing. We should be honest with ourselves and with others.When we are honest, people trust us, and we build strong relationships with them.Finally, let's talk about friendship. Friendship is all about being kind and caring towards others. We should treat our friends with respect and help them when they need us. Being a good friend means listening to others, sharing, and being there for them. Together, we can create a harmonious and happy community!In conclusion, the core values of socialism are patriotism, dedication, honesty, and friendship. These values are like a compass that guides us to become good citizens and make our society better. Remember, even as young students, we can practice these values in our daily lives and inspire others to do the same. Let's work together to build a world where everyone is treated fairly and with kindness!I hope you enjoyed reading my essay. Thank you!篇6The Most Important Values in LifeHi there! My name is Emma and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to talk to you about some really important values that weshould all try to live by. My teacher calls them the "core socialist values" and she says they can help make the world a better place.The first value is prosperity. Prosperity means being successful, having enough money and resources to live a good life. It's important to work hard in school and later on have a good job so you can earn enough to buy the things you need like food, clothes, and shelter. But prosperity isn't just about money - it's also about being healthy, safe, and having the opportunity to learn new things and grow as a person.Another really big value is democracy. This one is super important! Democracy means that the people get to have a say in how their country or community is run. We get to vote for our leaders and share our opinions. This helps ensure that everyone's voice can be heard and that those in charge have to listen to the people. My mom always says that democracy isn't perfect, but it's a lot better than the alternatives!Next up is civility. Civility basically just means being polite and respectful to those around you. It means following rules, not causing trouble, and considering how your actions might affect others. My favorite example is holding the door open for someone - it's a small thing but it shows you care about beingconsiderate. If everyone had a little more civility, the world would be a much kinder place.Now for one that's really important but kind of hard - harmony. Harmony means different people and groups getting along peacefully with each other. It requires understanding, accepting, and respecting those who are different from you, whether it's a different race, religion, or way of life. My class has students from all over and I've learned so much from them! Achieving true harmony is difficult but worthwhile.Freedom is another key value. You've probably heard about freedom of speech - being able to share your thoughts and ideas without getting in trouble. But freedom is bigger than that. It means having the liberty to make your own choices about how to live your life, what to believe in, what goals to pursue. Of course, freedoms aren't unlimited since we have to follow laws and be respectful of others. But within those boundaries, we should celebrate our freedoms!There are lots of other values too like equality, justice, and patriotism. But those first five - prosperity, democracy, civility, harmony, and freedom - are some of the most important ones that can really make a society strong.Well, that's all I've got for today! Let me know if you have any other questions about these ideas. A kid's perspective is important too, you know? Thanks for listening!。

what和that的用法讲义what和that都是从句的引导词，或者说，都是可以连接主句和从句的连词。

要弄清楚这两个词的用法，我们首先要明确what和that分别都可以引导哪些从句。

一.关于whati what是名词性从句的引导词，名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。

所以，what可以引导的从句也就是上面提到的四类从句。

二.关于that(①that是名词性从句的引导词，所以，that也可以引导主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。

②that是定语从句的引导词，所以，that还可以用来引导定语从句，放在所修饰的名词后面。

我们来看这样几个句子：1.This is what we are looking forward to. (表语从句)这是我们一直所期待的事情。

【分析】what引导的从句，放在了系动词is后面，放在表语的位置，是表语从句。

此时，what=the thing that所以，上面的句子可以改写成：This is the thing that we are looking forward to.2. What makes this shop different(主语从句)is that it offers more personal services. (表语从句)这家店与众不同的地方在于它提供更多的个人服务。

【分析】what引导的句子，放在句子开头，位于系动词is前面主语的位置，是主语从句。

此时，what=the thing that所以，上面的句子可以改写成：The thing that makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services .此外，原句that 引导的句子放在系动词is后面，放在表语的位置，所以是表语从句。

3. There are signs that restaurants are becoming more popular with families. (同位语从句)有迹象表明，餐馆在家庭中越来越受欢迎。

马尔科姆演讲稿：选票还是子弹The Ballot or the Bulletent itself, the government of america, that is responsible for the oppression and e某ploitation and degradation of black people in this country. and you should drop it in their lap. this government has failed the negro. this so-called democracy has failed the negro. and all these white liberals have definitely failed the negro.so, where do we go from here? first, we need some friends. we need some new allies. the entire civil-rights struggle needs a new interpretation, a broader interpretation. we need to look at this civil-rights thing from another angle -- from the inside as well as from the outside. to those of us whose philosophy is black nationalism, the only way you can get involved in the civil-rights struggle is give it a new interpretation. that old interpretation e某cluded us. it kept us out. so, we're giving a new interpretation to the civil-rights struggle, an interpretation that will enable us to come into it, take part in it. and these handkerchief-heads who have been dillydallying and pussy footing and compromising -- we don't intend to let them pussyfoot and dillydally and compromise any longer.how can you thank a man for giving you what's already yours? how then can you thank him for giving you only part of what's already yours? you haven't even made progress, if what's being given to you, you should have had already. that's not progress. and i love my brother loma某, the way he pointed out we're right back where we were in 1954. we're not even as far up as we were in 1954. we're behind where we were in 1954. there's more segregation now than there was in 1954. there's more racial animosity, more racial hatred, more racial violence today in 1964, than there was in 1954. where is the progress?and now you're facing a situation where the young negro's comingup. they don't want to hear that "turn the-other-cheek" stuff, no. in jacksonville, those were teenagers, they were throwing molotov cocktails. negroes have never done that before. but it shows you there's a new deal coming in. there's new thinking coming in. there's new strategy coming in. it'll be molotov cocktails this month, hand grenades ne某t month, and something else ne某t month. it'll be ballots, or it'll be bullets. it'll be liberty, or it will be death. the only difference about this kind of death -- it'll be reciprocal. you know what is meant by "reciprocal"? that's one of brother loma某's words. i stole it from him. i don't usually deal with those big words because i don't usually deal with big people. i deal with small people. i find you can get a whole lot of small people and whip hell out of a whole lot of big people. they haven't got anything to lose, and they've got every thing to gain. and they'll let you know in a minute: "it takes two to tango; when i go, you go."the black nationalists, those whose philosophy is black nationalism, in bringing about this new interpretation of the entire meaning of civil rights, look upon it as meaning, as brother loma某has pointed out, equality of opportunity. well, we're justified in seeking civil rights, if it means equality of opportunity, because all we're doing there is trying to collect for our investment. our mothers and fathers invested sweat and blood. three hundred and ten years we worked in this country without a dime in return -- i mean without a dime in return. you let the white man walk around here talking about how rich this country is, but you never stop to think how it got rich so quick. it got rich because you made it rich.you take the people who are in this audience right now. they're poor. we're all poor as individuals. our weekly salary individually amounts to hardly anything. but if you take the salary of everyone inhere collectively, it'll fill up a whole lot of baskets. it's a lot of wealth. if you can collect the wages of just these people right here for a year, you'll be rich -- richer than rich. when you look at it like that, think how rich uncle sam had to become, not with this handful, but millions of black people. your and my mother and father, who didn't work an eight-hour shift, but worked from "can't see" in the morning until "can't see" at night, and worked for nothing, making the white man rich, making uncle sam rich. this is our investment. this is our contribution, our blood.not only did we give of our free labor, we gave of our blood. every time he had a call to arms, we were the first ones in uniform. we died on every battlefield the white man had. we have made a greater sacrifice than anybody who's standing up in america today. we have made a greater contribution and have collected less. civil rights, for those of us whose philosophy is black nationalism, means: "give it to us now. don't wait for ne某t year. give it to us yesterday, and that's not fast enough."i might stop right here to point out one thing. whenever you're going after something that belongs to you, anyone who's depriving you of the right to have it is a criminal. understand that. whenever you are going after something that is yours, you are within your legal rights to lay claim to it. and anyone who puts forth any effort to deprive you of that which is yours, is breaking the law, is a criminal. and this was pointed out by the supreme court decision. it outlawed segregation.which means segregation is against the law. which means a segregationist is breaking the law. a segregationist is a criminal. you can't label him as anything other than that. and when you demonstrate against segregation, the law is on your side. the supremecourt is on your side.now, who is it that opposes you in carrying out the law? the police department itself. with police dogs and clubs. whenever you demonstrate against segregation, whether it is segregated education, segregated housing, or anything else, the law is on your side, and anyone who stands in the way is not the law any longer. they are breaking the law; they are not representatives of the law. any time you demonstrate against segregation and a man has the audacity to put a police dog on you, kill that dog, kill him, i'm telling you, kill that dog. i say it, if they put me in jail tomorrow, kill that dog. then you'll put a stop to it. now, if these white people in here don't want to see that kind of action, get down and tell the mayor to tell the police department to pull the dogs in. that's all you have to do. if you don't do it, someone else will.if you don't take this kind of stand, your little children will grow up and look at you and think "shame." if you don't take an uncompromising stand, i don't mean go out and get violent; but at the same time you should never be nonviolent unless you run into some nonviolence. i'm nonviolent with those who are nonviolent with me. but when you drop that violence on me, then you've made me go insane, and i'm not responsible for what i do. and that's the way every negro should get. any time you know you're within the law, within your legal rights, within your moral rights, in accord with justice, then die for what you believe in. but don't die alone. let your dying be reciprocal. this is what is meant by equality. what's good for the goose is good for the gander.when we begin to get in this area, we need new friends, we need new allies. we need to e某pand the civil-rights struggle to a higher level -- to the level of human rights. whenever you are in a civil-rights struggle, whether you know it or not, you are confining yourself to the jurisdiction of uncle sam. no one from the outside world can speak out in your behalf as long as your struggle is a civil-rights struggle. civil rights comes within the domestic affairs of this country. all of our african brothers and our asian brothers and our latin-american brothers cannot open their mouths and interfere in the domestic affairs of the united states. and as long as it's civil rights, this comes under the jurisdiction of uncle sam.but the united nations has what's known as the charter of human rights; it has a committee that deals in human rights. you may wonder why all of the atrocities that have been committed in africa and in hungary and in asia, and in latin america are brought before the un, and the negro problem is never brought before the un. this is part of the conspiracy. this old, tricky blue eyed liberal who is supposed to be your and my friend, supposed to be in our corner, supposed to be subsidizing our struggle, and supposed to be acting in the capacity of an adviser, never tells you anything about human rights. they keep you wrapped up in civil rights. and you spend so much time barking up the civil-rights tree, you don't even know there's a human-rights tree on the same floor.when you e某pand the civil-rights struggle to the level of human rights, you can then take the case of the black man in this country before the nations in the un. you can take it before the general assembly. you can take uncle sam before a world court. but the only level you can do it on is the level of human rights. civil rights keeps you under his restrictions, under his jurisdiction. civil rights keeps you in his pocket. civil rights means you're asking uncle sam to treat you right. human rights are something you were born with. human rights are your god-given rights. human rights are the rights that arerecognized by all nations of this earth. and any time any one violates your human rights, you can take them to the world court.uncle sam's hands are dripping with blood, dripping with the blood of the black man in this country. he's the earth's number-one hypocrite. he has the audacity -- yes, he has -- imagine him posing as the leader of the free world. the free world! and you over here singing "we shall overcome." e某pand the civil-rights struggle to the level of human rights. take it into the united nations, where our african brothers can throw their weight on our side, where our asian brothers can throw their weight on our side, where our latin-american brothers can throw their weight on our side, and where 800 million chinamen are sitting there waiting to throw their weight on our side.let the world know how bloody his hands are. let the world know the hypocrisy that's practiced over here. let it be the ballot or the bullet. let him know that it must be the ballot or the bullet.。

Equality and GreatnessBetween persons of equal income there is no social distinction except the distinction of merit. Money is nothing;character,conduct,and capacity are everything.Instead of all the workers being leveled down to low wage standards and all the rich leveled up to fashionbale income standards,everybody under a system of equal incomes would find his or her own natural level.There would be great people and ordinary people and little peolpe,but the great would always be those who had done great things,and never the idiot whose mother had spoiled them and whose father had left a hunred thousand a year;and the little would be persons of small minds and mean characters,and not poor persons who had never had a chance.That is why idiots are always in favour of inequality of income(their only chance of eminence),and the really great in favour of equality.收入相当的人除了品性迥异以外没有社会差别。

中考英语教育公平问题探讨单选题40题cation equality means that every student has the same chance to get a good education.（教育公平意味着每个学生都有同样的机会获得良好的教育。

）“equality”的中文意思是（）A.不平等B.平等C.优秀D.普通答案：B。

本题主要考查词汇的理解。

“equality”是“平等”的意思。

A 选项“不平等”是“inequality”；C 选项“优秀”是“excellent”；D 选项“普通”是“ordinary”。

2.Why is education equality important?（（为什么教育公平很重要？）Because it can help students from different backgrounds to achieve their dreams.（因为它可以帮助来自不同背景的学生实现他们的梦想。

）“achieve”的中文意思是（）A.放弃B.破坏C.实现D.想象答案：C。

本题考查词汇理解。

“achieve”是“实现”的意思。

A 选项“放弃”是“give up”；B 选项“破坏”是“destroy”；D 选项“想象”是“imagine”。

cation equality is essential for the development of society.（教育公平对社会的发展是至关重要的。

）“essential”的中文意思是（）A.不必要的B.重要的C.困难的D.容易的答案：B。

本题考查词汇理解。

“essential”是“重要的”的意思。

A 选项“不必要的”是“unnecessary”；C 选项“困难的”是“difficult”；D 选项“容易的”是“easy”。

4.What can we do to promote education equality?（我们可以做什么来促进教育公平？）We can provide more resources for students in need.（我们可以为有需要的学生提供更多的资源。

that与what从句用法that 与what从句就是中学课本的一项重要语法内容,也就是学生易出错的地方。

现将其用法归纳如下:一、引导主语从句that与what都可引导主语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。

what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。

如:What he said at the meeting was very important.她在会上所说的非常重要。

(what在主语从句中作宾语)What surprised us is that he did it alone.使我们吃惊的就是她一个人做了那项工作。

(what在主语从句中作主语)That he did it alone surprised us.她独自完成了那项工作使我们感到吃惊。

(that用来引导主语从句,在句中不作成分)二、引导宾语从句that与what都可引导宾语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分, 一般情况下可以省略但当有两个以上的宾语从句时,只能省掉第一个that。

what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。

如:They stopped to see what was happening.她们停下来瞧发生了什么事情。

(what在宾语从句中作主语)The teacher got angry because of what the boy had done.那个男孩子做的事情让老师很生气。

(what在宾语从句中作宾语)All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple.所有的人都认为拯救古庙就是正确的。

(that在宾语从句中不作句子成分且可省略)We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well and that when we discover what this something is we must work hard at it until we succeed.我们必须相信,我们每一个人都能把某件事情办好;而且,当我们发现这事情就是什么的时候,我们就必须努力干下去,直到成功为止。

期末考试范围• 1. 阅读理解2篇（20%）• 2. 选词填空：15个句子（15个备选项，课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。

（15%）•eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter howpoor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence andvirtue.• 3. 简答题：课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的）。

（25%）4. 实用写作：一封信什么的（格式）（10%）5. 写作：给出某个文化现象观点，运用所学文化差异进行评论（comment)。

（30%）如: 说给一个关于教育的话题（文化现象），我们要用所学的中美教育差异进行评论，议论文形式。

价值观，家庭观，社会关系朋友观，饮食观，教育观，时间观等篇目：Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 AUnit10 BUnit1 AKey conceptsreservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神Q1、what is a reserved person like?Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited.Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen?Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship.Q3、what is sportsmanship?Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.Case studyQ、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?Answer: The loud speaking and speaking their native language made the reserved British feel quite unhappy. The Englishman is reserved, he doesn’t show much emotion and seldom gets excited.Unit1 BKey conceptsthe pioneering spirit创业精神trying something new探索精神equality平等national optimism 民族乐观freedom自由the Declaration of Independence独立宣言rags-to-richer白手起家social mobility社会流动性American dream美国梦Comprehension questions1. Can you summarize the character of Americans?The characters of Americans are the pioneering spirit, trying something new and being eager to equality and freedom. The American is competitive, friendly, spontaneous, adaptable, efficient, energetic, and kindhearted.2.In what sense is the pioneering spirit still an importantpart of the American character?1). Except for the slaves, immigrants came to America voluntarily in search of greater prosperity and freedom. (para3)2). In the mid-nineteenth century, the pioneering spirit led American settlers to travel westward in search of land and gold. (para4)3). The desire to start a new life in a new place is noticeable throughout the nation. Many Americans change residences every year. (para5) 4). Americans who don’t change residence are also on the move—traveling by air or auto to see their own country or to visit others. The need to explore a new frontier is basic to the American character. (para7)3. What is the American Dream? What is its impact on the American character?The American Dream is the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. Impact: Americans are optimistic and adventurous. The typical American believed in trying something new in an attempt to make life better. He had a firm faith in the possibility of progress. Every day in every way I am getting better and better.4. What are the basic roots of American character?The basic roots of American character are the pioneering spirit, the liberty spirit and the equality spirit.Case studyQ;Why did the American feel uncomfortable? Please give him suggestions on how to get along with English people.The American did something that he thought is friendly, but the English seemed quite unfriendly to him, so he felt uncomfortable.American is a bit casual, optimistic and outgoing. He called the first names and touched the people on the shoulder.But, English are reserved and conservative. They dislike physical touch and dislike to show much emotion. It’s also not polite to call the first names.Suggestions:1. On the whole British habits of politeness are very informal. All politeness is based on the elementary rule of showing consideration for others, and acknowledging the consideration they show to you.2. Conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech is considered ill-bred.Passage C The Chinese CharacterComprehension Questions1.Apart from family, what are other important units in Chinese society? How dothey work?Clan. A clan is the aggregate of kinship. A clan may comprise a whole village or suburb, and counties, provinces and state are conglomerates of a vast number of villages and suburbs with such clan populations.Grouping linked by friendship or marriage is also another important unit in Chinese society. A district may have all its groupings so associated together, and this forms the basis for common action in an emergency.2.Why is China a country with highly complicated social relationship? What aresupposed to be the advantages and disadvantages of it?Chinese society appears as a mass of circles or groupings rather than status or levels. Within each circle or grouping the people are related in clan or closer kinship and offer cooperation and succor to each other. Marriage and friendship created links with other clans and groupings. Therefore, a district may have all its groupings so associated together. So, the social relationship in China is more close and complicated than Western countries.Such kind is good for the steady of a society and peaceful life, good for governing but not good for development, for any new ideas and reformation. It is as personal oriented society. Sometimes it is easy to deal with something, but other times it makes things more complicated and even hinder the development of a society. For example, the complicated social relation becomes a big barrier for the implementation of lawand justice. It may give rise to the unequal of chance and resources. ...(a free answer question)3.Can you list some of the characteristics of the general character of the Chinesepeople based on the text. Try to give the possible reasons for the formation of such character.Chinese people are compromising, patient, mediative, harmonious, obedient, passive, pacific, long-viewing, tolerant, filial, conservative, thrift, friendly, diligent, and so on. They tend to be in low profile, hide their strength and depreciate their success. The character of Chinese is caused by many factors. From the text, we know its closely related to the organization of Chinese society. The Chinese society is organized by clans or friends of close association. It is a big circle of complicated relations. To maintain the steady of the circle, such kinds of character are of significant importance.Case StudyChina is a society of complicated social relation. Friend is a very important factor in society. Chinese people take care of maintaining friendship and tend to avoid direct conflict or making other lose face. In this case, to maintain the face of Jimmy, I would not mention the borrowed money in the face of Jimmy. But Jimmy keeping reminding "I" of the money made "I" feel quite embarrassed, and a bit angry. "I" thought Jimmy was not friendly.America is a society advocates individualism and their social relation is quite loose. They think friend is friend, money is money. What's more, compared with Chinese society, it is one with low-contexted culture, in which people would put everything in words and say it directly. In the case, Jimmy reminded "I" once again about the money lest "I" forget about it. To Jimmy, it was the fault of "I" not mentioning about the borrowed money earlier. So, when "I" asked about it, he said "Why didn't you remind me earlier?"What’s more, Americans don’t readily give money to others, which will most likely render a sense of humiliation about one’s ability to earn one’s own living. So in this case, Jimmy is a bit annoyed for “I” not remind him to pay back the borrowed money. He thought that he had been looked upon by “I”.Unit2 Akey concept:Five Relationships of Confucianism孔子的五伦思想 humanism 人道主义individualism个人主义collectivism集体主义individual's right个人权利1. According to Confucianism , what are the five cardinal relationships in Chinese society and what should these relationships be?Five cardinal relationship: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend and friend. This was explained as “There should be affection between father and son, righteous sense of duty between ruler and minister, division of function between man and wife, stratification between old and young, and good faith between friends.”2. Can you tell the main influence of Confucianism on the ideology of Chinese people?In traditional Chinese beliefs, especially in Confucianism, collectivism is appreciated .It emphasizes cooperation among group members and individual success is due to the collective effort of the staff in a unit,an organization or a community .3. Can you tell the main influence of the Renaissance on Western values?In the Renaissance period of England ,people began to emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life .This is the rudiment of Humanism .People began to respect the humanity from then on ,and then developed into the ideas of what we always call freedom ,democracy .4. What is the difference between collectivism and individualism?Individualism refers to the doctrine that the rights of the individual are the most important ones in a society .Collectivism emphasizes cooperation among group members.(1)Westerners tend to believe that people should rely on themselvesas much as possible--and usually expect other people to do the same .People in collectivist cultures generally feel they have a right to expect help from other members of their groups ,and they also tend to feel they have an obligation to help other members of their groups .(2)Westerners generally feel that the rights of individuals shouldnot be subordinated to the needs of a larger group .People in collectivist cultures are generally more willing to accept the idea that individuals should sacrifice for the benefit of the group.(3)Westerners tend to believe that individuals should make decisionsfor themselves, and that individuals should take credit responsibility for what they are personally done. People in collectivist cultures tend to feel more that they are representative of their group, and to accept more responsibility for other members of their groups too.(4)Westerners tend to view individualism as a good thing .The Chineseterm for “individualism,”geren zhuyi, often has a somewhat negative connotation, and is sometimes used as a synonym for “selfishness”.5. Why is it said that Americans are selfish? Do you think they are selfish? why or why not?Because Chinese term for “individualism,” geren zhuyi, often has a somewhat negative connotation, and is sometimes used as a synonym for “selfishness”.No, I don’t think so .Individualism refers to the doctrine that the rights of the individual are the most important ones in a society .The word “individualism”has no negative connotation ,in fact ,its connotation is somewhat positive .6. Are all the Westerners individualists? Are all the Chinese collectivists? (P20 para20)Saying that Western culture is individualist does not mean that all Westerners are always individualist. Rather, it means that Westerners are more likely to think and act in individualist ways than people in collectivist cultures are. The difference between individualist and collectivist cultures is relative, not absolute.Case study1.Would you please help Shi Hai interpret the Chinese saying he mentioned? Common fame is seldom to blame; shoot the bird which takes the lead; The outstanding usually bear the brunt of attack.2. Would you please make suitable explanations for his declining the promotion so that Joe would understand him?Chinese people respect collectivism and emphasize cooperation, so individual success is due to the collective effort of the staff in a unit .so he thinks he should not receive the honor personally.Unit3 Akey concept:Nuclear family 核心家庭 happiness of individual member 个人主义幸福Sense of equality 平等意识 independence and individualism 独立自主1．How do Americans treat their newly-born babies and young adults?The American parents put a newborn in a separate bedroom when the childis a few weeks old. They like to preserve their privacy.2. What is the base of an American marriage? Why is divorce rate so highin the United States?(1)Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in U.S(2)They are extremely idealist about marriage, and they want deeply loved and deeply understood. But it is because Americans expect so much from marriage that so many divorced.3. What is the typical life of the old people in America? Why don’t they live together with their children?(1)American old people live apart from their children. Some families may place older relatives in nursing homes.(2)Their financial support is often provided by government-sponsored, social security or welfare systems. And older people often seek their own friends rather than becoming too emotionally dependent on their children.4. As a child in a Chinese family, how can you make your parents happy? Answer is open.1). To advance the family as a group and bring honor to the family name as well.2).To show filial duty and responsibility to parents. 3). To emphasize the peace and harmony of a family.case1: Q1：He will feel amazing and sympathy for her ,for which she is old enough but still living alone.Q2:1.In individualist cultures like that of the US, children arealienated from parents because parents chain them to be independent, “push them out of the nest”.2.Because of the cultural emphasis on self-reliance, the mother feelsit is inappropriate to ask for help, and the children may even think it is inappropriate to offer.3.Individualism leads people to feel they should stay out of eachother’s business.Case2:1).It is an offence to slap a child in America, but not in China. In America,ill-treating the children is illegal. The police may arrest the parents and send the children to DCFS shelter.2)In America, a sense of equality often exists in American homes.3). In China, parents regard their children as private prosperity.Chinese think Beating means love, scolding means affection tochildren.Unit3 BKey concepts：A member of many groups 各种群体中的成员Impermanence暂时Personal goals个人目标/Individual’needs个人需求Responsibilities 职责 A series of concentric circles 一系列同心圆Stable 稳固 Connection VS contract关系和合约Comprehension questions1.What are the characteristics of American social relationship? Impermanent and loose, individual’s needs come first, contractual and compartmentalized.2.Why is American social relationship impermanent?They are members of many groups simultaneously. If they personal goals are no longer being met by a group,they move on and probably look to new associates for the benefits they used to receive from the former group.3.Can you draw a picture to illustrate the pattern of Chinese socialrelationship? Who are in the inner most part and who are in the outside ?what is the difference between each part?○2I and family are in the inner most part while everyone else in the geographic area or nation or world are in the outside.○3 the difference between inner and out side is from most important to least important.4.What are the different understanding of friend between Chinese andAmerican?•1). Americans have casual, friendly relationships with many people , but deeper, close friendships with only a few. (para8) •American friendships tend to be very compartmentalized because they are based on a shared activity, event, or experience. (para9) •2). Chinese are likely to react more to the other person as a whole and will avoid forming friendships with those whose values and behaviors are in some way deemed undesirable. (para10) •5.Do you think friendship shares some common elements in differentcultures? If you do, what are they?Answer is open.Both regard friendship as a very important thing to individuals.Case 1•Because Jackson thinks friendship is mostly a matter of providing emotional support and spend time together .•It’s not appropriate for the Americans to use personal connections to help a friend get something hard to obtain.•This situation creates dependence of one person on the other and it goes against the principle of equality.Case 2• 1. Not really, just because their children like to play together, these two women plan to get together at each other’s houses.• 2. They are common friends. a). American friendships are based ona shared activity, event, or experience. b). They view themselvesand others as a composite of distinct interests. c). Their children like to play together, so they have some common interests. d). They may get together just because their kids would enjoy that.Case3•Q1.They broken their friendship because they finished they common chemistry class and didn’t see each other very much at school.•No one should be blamed for it because the different culture between Jordan and the United States lead to different attitudes to friendship.•Q2.No I don’t think so. Because American friendship is impermanent and based on a shared class, activity or event .If one drop out of it, they may lose contact with the friends with whom they sharedthat activity.Unit5AKey concepts：Gentleness and benevolence温柔与仁慈harmony 和谐violence and cruelty暴力和残酷conquest over nature征服自然exquisiteness and taste 精致和品位nutrition and balance 均衡营养pragmatism实用主义1.What are the functions of chopsticks?Chopsticks can nip, pick, rip and stir food.2.What are the possible reasons for Americans＇use of forks and knives at dinner?The ancestors of many Western countries lived by hunting. Meat was their basic food source and gradually took the place of staple food. They had to use forks and knives to cut and pork their food.3.Why do Chinese pay more attention to the taste of food?That appeals to the traditional ideology of China. Confucius emphasized the delight that food could bring to us. The standards of quality and taste that Confucius recommended required the perfect blend of ingredients, herbs and condiments---a blend which would result in the perfect combination of flavor.4.Why do Americans pay more attention to nutrition?Under the influence of pragmatism, food or eating is just a way to keep healthy to Westerners, having little to do with artistry. What they care about most is the nutrition contained in food and the balance of the whole diet structure rather than exquisiteness in cuisine and taste of food.5.Do you know why vegetables became the staple food of the Chinese, while meat became the main food of Americans?• 1. Historically, China is an agricultural country, while the ancestors of Americans lived by hunting.• 2. Environmentally, China has a large amount of population and lack of land to support a cattle industry. America has an abundance of fertile, flat land for grazing cattle and food production.•Case Study:• 1.Why did Ling Hong’s mother keep on encouraging Susan to eat more even after Susan refused?•In Chinese culture, Ling Hong’s mother kept on encouraging Susan to eat more is to show the hospitality of the host to Susan.• 2.Why did Susan feel embarrassed when Ling Hong’s mother put some food in her bowl with her chopsticks?•Because in western culture, food is usually served separately to each person----partly for hygiene reasons and partly due toindividualism.Unit6 AKey concepts ：1.Creativity: 创造力the ability to use your imagination to produce newideas, make things.2.Exploring:探索1)、to discuss or think about something carefully；2)、to travel around an area in order to find out about it；3)、written to feel something with your hand or another part of your body to find out what it is like3.Self-reliant：自主的able to do or decide things by yourself, without depending on the help or advice of other peopleOriginality：.独创性1. the ability to think and act independently 2. thequality of being new and original (not derived from something else)Molding and shaping: 塑造to guide (sb.) with the intent to control.1、How do the Chinese teach their children ? How do American do? Can youfind the theories supporting the different teaching methods?2. Answer is open.3. Answer is open. Don’t help the baby stand immediately. Let the baby explore and experience, and try to find the balance to stand by itself.Case1:Firstly, Chinese students are used to take what the teacher's said as authority, and try to memorize what is given in lessons. On the other hand, teaching in China focus more on knowledge than on creation, to make students with the same ideas, the same knowledge. Moreover, to them, it is impolite to challenge the teacher's words, to form different ideas from the teacher. But to the Westerners, things are quite different. The aim of western education is to produce students with different ideas, to develop their creativity. To them, the more questions asked in class means more attention you give to what the teacher says. And more interest you show to the topic and the teacher. So, in this case, Professor Johnson mistook the silence of the students as their no interest in his subject, and felt disappointed.Case21. Because the American teacher thought that I was an adult, I should at least have some ideas about a question, no matter how difficult it is, even the answer is totally wrong.2. Chinese educators are used to “teaching by holding his hand”. So long as the students are shown how to do something, they are less likely to solve a problem effectively by themselves. They may lack of creativity and self-reliance.unit7AKey concepts；1.Monochronic time : 单一时间an approach that favors linear structure and focus on one event or interaction at a time.2.Polychronic time: 多元时间people may attend to many things happening at once in this approach to time3.linear structure: 线性结构sequential blocks that can be organized, quantified, and scheduled.4. Schedule oriented:以计划为方向的 people doing one thing at a time during a specified time-period, working on a single task until it is finished.5. People oriented:以人为方向的do not emphasize scheduling by separating time into discrete, fixed segments.6. Punctuality:严守时间 everyone is supposed to arrive on time when attending a formal banquet or meeting appointments.Comprehension questions (p82)1. What is monochromic cultures? What is polychromic cultures? Monochronic cultures typically emphasize doing one thing at a time during a specified time-period, working on a single task until it is finished. Polychronic cultures are involved with many things at once, usually with varying levels of attention paid to each.2. what are the different attitudes monochromic people and polychromic people hold toward time?Monochronic people see time as being divided into fixed elements (seconds, minutes, hours, etc.), sequential blocks that can be organized, quantified, and scheduled. Polychronic people prefer not to have detailed plans imposed on them but want to make their own plans and meet deadlines in their own way.3.What difficulties might an M-time-oriented person encounter when interacting someone who follows a P-time orientation? What kind of feelings might emerge during their meeting?Difficulties: M-time-oriented person should keep waiting.Feelings: To feel put down, angry and frustrated.4．What difficulties might a P-time-oriented person encounter when meeting someone who follows an M-time orientation? What kind of feelings might emerge during their meeting?Difficulties: P-time-oriented person dislikes to squeeze people in . They prefer not to have detailed plans imposed on them. Feelings: To feel compelled and uncomfortable.5．What are the strengths and weaknesses of M-time system and P-time system?•M. S: stimulating, productive, desirable, punctual• W: without reference to logic and human needs•.•P. S: Being oriented toward people, emphasizing human needs.• W: wasteful and distracting, not punctualCase1(para3)• 1.No , I don't like . Robert is a monochronicpeople , these people see time as being dividedinto fixed elements(seconds ,minutes ,hours ,etc), sequentialblocks that can be organized, quantified, andscheduled .They love to plan in detail, make lists,keep track of activities and organize time into adaily routine. so Robert does things like this.• 2. I'm a polychronic people , I dislike doingthings in haste.Case2(para5)•The director is a polychronic people , peoplein such kind of cultures do not emphasize scheduling by separating time into discrete, fixed segments. They treat time as a less tangible medium so that they can interact with more than one person or do more than one thing at a time , they do not perceive appointments as iron-clad commitments ,therefore ,in these cultures, personal interaction an relationship development are more important than making appointments or meeting deadlines. so the director had the behavior toward Katherine .Unit10 B课后四个comprehension questions:Case Study:❖Question 1: Why does the secretary quit her job?❖The manager has made a number of mistakes, by not understanding that in some cultures it is not acceptable to criticize people in front of others.This is because a public telling-off leads to a "loss of face". It can also be unacceptable to show emotion at the workplace. Although there are always going to be times when criticism is necessary, in this cultural context, direct criticism, even in a one-to-one situation, is not acceptable.❖Question 2: Can you give some suggestions to handle the situation?Verluyten, who has carried out research into indirectness and conflict avoidance amongst executives in a range of countries, suggests that there are three ways of dealing with the situation:❖ 1 Blur the sender. This means that you don't criticize the person directly. but do so through a friend or colleague.❖ 2 Blur the receiver. This means that you mention the problem in front of thewhole group, rather than pick out an individual.❖ 3 Blur the message. This could mean talking about a hypothetical case, or asking indirect questions, such as "Do you still live out of town?" or "How is the baby?" It might even involve giving excessive praise-- the secretary would then know that something was wrong.。

Equality between Men and WomenAs the social development, most of us think that men and women should enjoy equal rights. Many countries even got through laws to guarantee the equality.However, there is no denying that there still exit inequality phenomenon. In a considerate amount of jobs or places, women cannot get the same rights as what men can have. Why?Follow are two reasons for this question. First, men and women differ in physiology. Men have much stronger physique. Second, the way of thinking between men and women are diverse. From these differences, we can see that men and women ought to be good at distinct fields.As far as I am concerned, it is difficult to justify equality or inequality between them, because men and women both have their different weaknesses and strengths.To conclude, to claim equal rights is wise, but what is unwise is that to call for women to do the same work what men can do.As the social development, most of us think that men and women should enjoy equal rights.•[搭配统计] 动名搭配enjoy...right在教材中出现过179次•[学习提示] 易混词汇: development, evolution 都表示“发展，进化”之意。

2011年10月16日美国总统奥巴马16日亲自为中国雕塑家雕塑的马丁·路德·金纪念碑揭幕，并发表演讲：“我们将超越！” 讲话呼吁美国人“团结”，继续金心目中的梦想。

他还有感而发，希望国人继续挑战华尔街的过分做法，但不要妖魔化那里所有的工作人员。

马丁·路德金是美国历史上著名的黑人民权领袖，他为美国黑人追求平等权利献出了生命。

这也为日后奥巴马成功入主白宫铺平了道路，因此纪念马丁·路德金对黑人总统奥巴马而言，意义特殊。

这座雕像的作者是中国雕塑家雷宜锌，他的方案是从全世界52个国家2000多位雕塑家的900多个方案中脱颖而出的。

当天，第一夫人米歇尔、副总统拜登及其夫人吉尔以及马丁·路德·金的家人也参加了揭幕仪式。

组织者估计有5万人参加了这次纪念活动。

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much. (Applause.) Thank you. (Applause.) Please be seated.An earthquake and a hurricane may have delayed this day, but this is a day that would not be denied.For this day, we celebrate Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s return to the National Mall. In this place, he will stand for all time, among monuments to those who fathered this nation and those who defended it; a black preacher with no official rank or title who somehow gave voice to our deepest dreams and our most lasting ideals, a man who stirred our conscience and thereby helped make our union more perfect.And Dr. King would be the first to remind us that this memorial is not for him alone. The movement of which he was a part depended on an entire generation of leaders. Many are here today, and for their service and their sacrifice, we owe them our everlasting gratitude. This is a monument to your collective achievement. (Applause.)Some giants of the civil rights movement ?- like Rosa Parks and Dorothy Height, Benjamin Hooks, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth ?- they’ve been taken from us these past few years. This monument attests to their strength and their courage, and while we miss them dearly, we know they rest in a better place.And finally, there are the multitudes of men and women whose names never appear in the history books ?- those who marched and those who sang, those who sat in and those who stood firm, those who organized and those who mobilized ?- all those men and women who through countless acts of quiet heroism helped bring about changes few thought were even possible. “By the thousands,” said Dr. King, “faceless, anonymous, relentless young people, black and white…have take n our whole nation back to those great wells of democracy which were dug deep by the founding fathers in the formulation of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence.”To those men and women, to those foot soldiers for justice, know that this monument is yours, as well.Nearly half a century has passed since that historic March on Washington, a day when thousands upon thousands gathered for jobs and for freedom. That is what our schoolchildren remember best when they think of Dr. King -? his booming voice across this Mall, calling on America to make freedom a reality for all of God’s children, prophesizing of a day when the jangling discord of our nation would be transformed into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.It is right that we honor tha t march, that we lift up Dr. King’s “I Have a Dream” speech ?- for without that shining moment, without Dr. King’s glorious words, we might not have had the courage to come as far as we have. Because of that hopeful vision, because of Dr. King’s moral imagination, barricades began to fall and bigotry began to fade. New doors of opportunity swung open for an entire generation. Yes, laws changed, but hearts and minds changed, as well.Look at the faces here around you, and you see an America that is more fair and more free and more just than the one Dr. King addressed that day. We are right to savor that slow but certain progress -? progress that’s expressed itself in a million ways, large and small, across this nation every single day, as people of all colors and creeds live together, and work together, and fight alongside one another, and learn together, and build together, and love one another.So it is right for us to celebrate today Dr. King’s dream and his vision of unity. And yet it is also important on this day to remind ourselves that such progress did not come easily; that Dr. King’s faith was hard-won; that it sprung out of a harsh reality and some bitter disappointments.It is right for us to celebrate Dr. King’s marvelous oratory, but it is worth remembering that progress did not come from words alone. Progress was hard. Progress was purchased through enduring the smack of billy clubs and the blast of fire hoses. It was bought with days in jail cells and nights of bomb threats. For every victory during the height of the civil rights movement, there were setbacks and there were defeats.We forget now, but during his life, Dr. King wasn’t always considered a unifying figure. Even after rising to prominence, even after winning the Nobel Peace Prize, Dr. King was vilified by many, denounced as a rabble rouser and an agitator, a communist and a radical. He was even attacked by his own people, by those who felt he was going too fast or those whofelt he was going too slow; by those who felt he shouldn’t meddle in issues like the Vietnam War or the rights of union workers. We know from his own testimony the doubts and the pain this caused him, and that the controversy that would swirl around his actions would last until the fateful day he died.I raise all this because nearly 50 years after the March on Washington, our work, Dr. King’s work, is not yet complete. We gather here at a moment of great challenge and great change. In the first decade of this new century, we have been tested by war and by tragedy; by an economic crisis and its aftermath that has left millions out of work, and poverty on the rise, and millions more just struggling to get by. Indeed, even before this crisis struck, we had endured a decade of rising inequality and stagnant wages. In too many troubled neighborhoods across the country, the conditions of our poorest citizens appear little changed from what existed 50 years ago -? neighborhoods with underfunded schools and broken-down slums, inadequate health care, constant violence, neighborhoods in which too many young people grow up with little hope and few prospects for the future.Our work is not done. And so on this day, in which we celebrate a man and a movement that did so much for this country, let us draw strength from those earlier struggles. First and foremost, let us remember that change has never been quick. Change has never been simple, or without controversy. Change depends on persistence. Change requires determination. It took a full decade before the moral guidance of Brown v. Board of Education was translated into the enforcement measures of the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act, but those 10 long years did not lead Dr. King to give up. He kept on pushing, he kept on speaking, he kept on marching until change finally came. (Applause.)And then when, even after the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act passed, African Americans still found themselves trapped in pockets of poverty across the country, Dr. King didn’t say those laws were a failure; he didn’t say this is too hard; he didn’t say, let’s settle for what we got and go home. Instead he said, let’s take those victories and broaden our mission to achieve not just civil and political equality but also economic justice; let’s fight for a living wage and better schools and jobs for all who are willing to work. In other words, when met with hardship, when confronting disappointment, Dr. King refused to accept what he called the “isness” of today. He kept pushing towards the “oughtness” of tomorrow.And so, as we think about all the work that we must do ?- rebuilding aneconomy that can compete on a global stage, and fixing our schools so that every child -- not just some, but every child -- gets a world-class education, and making sure that our health care system is affordable and accessible to all, and that our economic system is one in which everybody gets a fair shake and everybody does their fair share, let us not be trapped by what is. (Applause.) We can’t be discouraged by what is. We’ve got to keep pushing for what ought to be, the America we ought to leave to our children, mindful that the hardships we face are nothing compared to those Dr. King and his fellow marchers faced 50 years ago, and that if we maintain our faith, in ourselves and in the possibilities of this nation, there is no challenge we cannot surmount.And just as we draw strength from Dr. King’s struggles, so must we draw inspiration from his constant insistence on the oneness of man; the belief in his words that “we are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny.” It was that insistence, rooted in his Christian faith, that led him to tell a group of angry young protesters, “I love you as I love my own children,” even as one threw a rock that glanced off his neck.It was that insistence, that belief that God resides in each of us, from the high to the low, in the oppressor and the oppressed, that convinced him that people and systems could change. It fortified his belief in non-violence. It permitted him to place his faith in a government that had fallen short of its ideals. It led him to see his charge not only as freeing black America from the shackles of discrimination, but also freeing many Americans from their own prejudices, and freeing Americans of every color from the depredations of poverty.And so at this moment, when our politics appear so sharply polarized, and faith in our institutions so greatly diminished, we need more than ever to take heed of Dr. King’s teachings. He calls on us to stand in the other person’s shoes; to see through their eyes; to understand their pain. He tells us that we have a duty to fight against poverty, even if we are well off; to care about the child in the decrepit school even if our own children are doing fine; to show compassion toward the immigrant family, with the knowledge that most of us are only a few generations removed from similar hardships. (Applause.)To say that we are bound together as one people, and must constantly strive to see ourselves in one another, is not to argue for a false unity that papers over our differences and ratifies an unjust status quo. As was true 50 years ago, as has been true throughout human history, those with power and privilege will often decry any call for change as “divisive.”They’ll say any challenge to the existing arrangements are unwise and destabilizing. Dr. King understood that peace without justice was no peace at all; that aligning our reality with our ideals often requires the speaking of uncomfortable truths and the creative tension of non-violent protest.But he also understood that to bring about true and lasting change, there must be the possibility of reconciliation; that any social movement has to channel this tension through the spirit of love and mutuality.If he were alive today, I believe he would remind us that the unemployed worker can rightly challenge the excesses of Wall Street without demonizing all who work there; that the businessman can enter tough negotiations with his company’s union w ithout vilifying the right to collectively bargain. He would want us to know we can argue fiercely about the proper size and role of government without questioning each other’s love for this country -- (applause) -- with the knowledge that in this democracy, government is no distant object but is rather an expression of our common commitments to one another. He would call on us to assume the best in each other rather than the worst, and challenge one another in ways that ultimately heal rather than wound.In the end, that’s what I hope my daughters take away from this monument.I want them to come away from here with a faith in what they can accomplish when they are determined and working for a righteous cause. I want them to come away from here with a faith in other people and a faith in a benevolent God. This sculpture, massive and iconic as it is, will remind them of Dr. King’s strength, but to see him only as larger than life would do a disservice to what he taught us about ourselves. He would want them to know that he had setbacks, because they will have setbacks. He would want them to know that he had doubts, because they will have doubts. He would want them to know that he was flawed, because all of us have flaws.It is precisely because Dr. King was a man of flesh and blood and not a figure of stone that he inspires us so. His life, his story, tells us that change can come if you don’t give up. He would not give up, no matter how long it took, because in the smallest hamlets and the darkest slums, he had witnessed the highest reaches of the human spirit; because in those moments when the struggle seemed most hopeless, he had seen men and women and children conquer their fear; because he had seen hills and mountains made low and rough places made plain, and the crooked places made straight and God make a way out of no way.And that is why we honor this man ?- because he had faith in us. And thatis why he belongs on this Mall -? because he saw what we might become. That is why Dr. King was so quintessentially American -- because for all the hardships we’ve endured, for all our sometimes tragic history, ours is a story of optimism and achievement and constant striving that is unique upon this Earth. And that is why the rest of the world still looks to us to lead. This is a country where ordinary people find in their hearts the courage to do extraordinary things; the courage to stand up in the face of the fiercest resistance and despair and say this is wrong, and this is right; we will not settle for what the cynics tell us we have to accept and we will reach again and again, no matter the odds, for what we know is possible.That is the conviction we must carry now in our hearts. (Applause.) As tough as times may be, I know we will overcome. I know there are better days ahead. I know this because of the man towering over us. I know this because all he and his generation endured -- we are here today in a country that dedicated a monument to that legacy.And so with our eyes on the horizon and our faith squarely placed in one another, let us keep striving; let us keep struggling; let us keep climbing toward that promised land of a nation and a world that is more fair, and more just, and more equal for every single child of God.Thank you, God bless you, and God bless the United States of America. (Applause.)。

哲学与文化的30个原理## English Answer:Principles of Philosophy and Culture.1. The nature of reality: What is the fundamental nature of existence?2. The origin and evolution of the universe: How did the universe come into being and how has it evolved?3. The nature of consciousness: What is consciousness and how does it relate to the physical world?4. The nature of knowledge: What is knowledge and how do we acquire it?5. The nature of truth: What is truth and how do we determine it?6. The nature of ethics: What is right and wrong and how do we determine it?7. The nature of aesthetics: What is beauty and how do we judge it?8. The nature of religion: What is religion and what is its role in society?9. The nature of politics: What is politics and what is its role in society?10. The nature of economics: What is economics and what is its role in society?11. The nature of history: What is history and how do we learn from it?12. The nature of language: What is language and how does it shape our experience of the world?13. The nature of culture: What is culture and how doesit influence our lives?14. The nature of the human condition: What is it like to be human?15. The nature of the good life: What is the best way to live our lives?16. The nature of meaning and purpose: What is the meaning of life and what is our purpose?17. The nature of freedom: What is freedom and how do we achieve it?18. The nature of responsibility: What are our responsibilities to ourselves and to others?19. The nature of justice: What is justice and how do we achieve it?20. The nature of equality: What is equality and how do we achieve it?21. The nature of diversity: What is diversity and how do we value it?22. The nature of multiculturalism: What is multiculturalism and how do we promote it?23. The nature of intercultural dialogue: What is intercultural dialogue and how do we engage in it?24. The nature of cultural heritage: What is cultural heritage and how do we preserve it?25. The nature of cultural exchange: What is cultural exchange and how do we foster it?26. The nature of cultural cooperation: What is cultural cooperation and how do we achieve it?27. The nature of cultural diplomacy: What is cultural diplomacy and how do we use it to promote peace and understanding?28. The nature of cultural sustainability: What is cultural sustainability and how do we achieve it?29. The nature of cultural resilience: What is cultural resilience and how do we develop it?30. The nature of cultural transformation: What is cultural transformation and how do we facilitate it?## 中文回答：哲学与文化的基本原理。