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高考介词专项练习题及答案详解

高考介词专项练习题及答案详解
高考介词专项练习题及答案详解

高考介词专项练习题及答案详解

一、单项选择介词

1.Citizens are _____ to exercise their rights, but under no circumstances can they violate other people’s rights.

A.on track B.on schedule

C.at ease D.at liberty

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语。句意:公民可以自由地行使自己的权利,但他们绝不能损害他人的权益。

A. on track走上正轨;

B. on schedule 按时;

C. at ease安逸;舒适;

D. at liberty自由地。故选D。

2.Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name, not case number.

A.of B.as C.by D.with

【答案】C

【解析】

考查介词辨析。句意“现在,有的医院直接登记患者的名字,而不是病号。”by name“以名字”。故选C。

3.The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.

A.on B.by

C.in D.at

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道。take sb. by the arm拉住某人的膀子,所以选B。

考点:考查介词

【名师点睛】介词的考查一般与方位有关,也有的是一些习惯搭配,这题就是这样。take sb by the arm拉住某人的膀子,如果是“打某人的脸”就是hit sb in the face。如果是“打某人的后背”就是用hit sb on the back。

4.Nick, it’s good for you to read some books China before you start your trip there. A.in B.for

C.of D.on

【答案】D

【解析】

on 表示关于,some books on China意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意为:Nick,你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。故选D项。

5.Everything was perfect for the picnic ______ the weather.

A.in place of B.as well as C.except for D.in case of

【答案】C

【解析】

本题考查的是词组辨析。A项in place of表示“代替,取代”;B项as well as表示“又,也,还”;C项except for 意思是“除----之外”,表示在说明了基本(整体)情况之后,再对细节进行说明”;D项in case of表示“万一,假使”。本句的意思是:除天气之外,所有情况对于野炊来说非常好。在本句中,可以将“天气”看成是“所有情况”当中的一个细节,故选C。

6.Most people work because it’s unavoidable. ________, there are some people who actually enjoy work.

A.As a result B.In addition

C.By contrast D.In conclusion

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语。句意:大部分人工作是因为不可避免,相比之下,有些人确实喜欢工作。

A. As a result结果;

B. In addition此外;

C. By contrast相比之下;

D. In conclusion总而言之。“不可避免”表示一种无奈,也就是说,很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表达是“事实上有些人喜欢工作”,“喜欢”和“不得不”刚好构成一种对比,故选C。

【点睛】

本题关键词是不可避免(unavoidable)。本题需要通过分析句子成分,判断前后的意思是相反的。介词的短语的考查,四个选项意思都是相差很大的,该题需要能够正确理解句子隐含意思。平时要注重识记介词短语的,另外这些介词短语表达可以运用在写作中。

7.—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?

—It’s nothing. Just something _________.

A.as clear as day B.off the top of my head

C.under my nose D.beyond my wildest dreams

【答案】B

【解析】A考查习语辨析。off the top of one’s head不假思索地,即兴地,符合语境,符合句意;as clear as day一清二楚的;under one’s nose在某人鼻子底下,公然;beyond one’s wildest dreams超越梦想。句意:——你T恤上的东西是什么意思?——没什么。不过是即兴而为的东西。

8.More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities______space.

A.in search of B.in place of

C.for lack of D.for fear of

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意:因为缺少空间,越来越多的高楼被建了起来。A. in search of寻找;B. in place of代替;C. for lack of因为缺少;D. for fear of唯恐;担心;经验。根据句意说明C正确。故选C。

9.Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____ working here. A.with B.over C.at D.about

【答案】D

【解析】

题意是“就在这儿工作的原因,现代化的设备和无烟环境是我喜欢在这儿工作的两个原因。”about表示“关于,就…而言”。

10.(重庆)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃

________ the average.

A.below B.on

C.at D.above

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词。句意:去年是有纪录以来最热的一年,全球平均气温上升0.68度。A. below低于;B. on在……之上;C. at在;D. above超过,多于。根据前一句Last year was the warmest year on record推知,温度应该是上升了,故用介词above。

【点睛】

with的复合结构中,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词和代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式或分词充当。而本题考查with +名词/代词+介词短语,而介词的使用则根据当时语境的提示来做出相应的变化即句中的the warmest year on record 起重要作用,可知高出平均气温。

11.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_________nature.

A.in view of B.in need of C.in touch with D.in harmony with 【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意:人的生活是自然的一部分,因此,我们生存下来的唯一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。A.in view of在……眼里;B.in need of需要;;C.in touch with和……接触; D. In harmony with与……和谐相处。这四个短语后面都应该接名词,根据句意,故选D。

【点睛】

短语辨析和单词的考察在试卷中经常出现。通常在介绍一个词语的时候会顺带着列出其固定搭配的短语。对于短语而言,没有捷径可言,只有老老实实的记忆。当然介词短语的记忆可以结合具体介词以及主要的名词的意思来进行记忆。

12.We have already discussed this plan _____, so next we should spare no effort to carry it out. A.at length B.at random C.at ease D.at best

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意:我们已经详细的讨论了这个计划,所以下面我们会竭尽全力的把它完成。A. at length详细地,具体地;B. at random随便地,任意地;C. at ease自由自在地;D. at best最多。故A选项正确。

13.Friendship can never be a trade; ______, it needs the most thorough and unprofitable concept.

A.in addition B.by contrast C.in return D.by chance

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意:友谊永远不能变成一个交易,相反,它需要最纯粹最无利益的理念。A. in addition除此之外;B. by contrast相反;C. in return作为回报;D. by chance偶然地。前后两句表达的是相反的意思,by c ontrast“相反”符合语境。故B选项正确。

14.The fellow we spoke ________ no comment at first.

A.to make B.to made

C.made D.to making

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查谓语动词。句意:和我们说话的那个人一开始没有发表评论。we spoke作the fellow

的定语从句,speak不及物,表示和某人谈话应用speak to sb.故该定语从句补充完整为we spoke to,剩余部分为主句,根据spoke可知,主句叙述的是过去的事情,故谓语动词应用made。综上,该空应填to made。B选项正确。

15.The unemployment rate has decreased _____ 2% to 5.4%, compared with 7.4 % last year. A.by B.from C.with D.on

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:失业率与去年的7.4%相比,已经到了5.4%,下降了2%。从句意可知此处指失业率下降了,by可以指相差的程度,选A。

考点:考查介词用法

16.My normal monthly emails to and _______ pen pals have disappeared with my tight schedule.

A.in B.for

C.from D.through

【答案】C

【解析】

本题考查介词。空前to和空格中的from构成“往来”的含义。

17.When we met again 20 years later, we chatted a lot _______ tea.

A.for B.in

C.over D.during

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词。句意:20年后我们再次见面时,我们喝茶聊了许多。over tea“喝茶”,故选C。

18.Throughout history, China never colonized any nation. _________ this peaceful tradition, it is committed to building a community with a shared future for mankind.

A.In line with B.In regard to

C.In harmony with D.In addition to

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查词组。A. In line with与---一致;B. In regard to关于,至于;C. In harmony with与---协调;D. In addition to除---之外。句意:纵观历史,中国从未殖民过任何国家。本着这一和平传统,中国致力于建设人类命运共同体。故选A。

19.“We’ve never sold anyone’s data,” Zuckerberg, Fac ebook CEO, said_______British lawmaker

Damian Collins, who released some emails between Facebook and other tech companies.

A.in response to B.in contrast to

C.in proportion to D.in addition to

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:“我们从未售卖任何人的数据”,脸书CEO扎克伯格回复英国立法者Damian Collins说,其公开了在脸谱网和其他科技公司之间一些电子邮件的。A. in response to回复;B. in contrast to与... ...相反;C. in proportion to与... ...成比例;D. in addition to除... ...之外(还)。故选A。

20.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library a book about it. A.on B.at C.for D.to

【答案】C

【解析】

on在上面, 通过某种媒介;at在一点;for为了;to到, 向. 句意:在你去一个有趣的地方游玩之前, 去你们当地的图书馆找一本关于它的书看看. 本句中需注意in your local library是插入语, 作地点状语, 故选C, look for寻找.

【考点定位】介词辨析.

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