英语句子结构分析PPT课件
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英语语法之句子结构分析
句子的成分: 构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,同位语。它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组,以及句子来担任。 句子是阅读理解和听力理解的最基本的单位。
主语:是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子的主体。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
Two and two are/is four.二加二等于四。
Smoking is bad to health. =吸烟对身体有害。
谓语:是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态(系表结构)。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。
We don't know him very well.我们不太了解他。
She speaks English fluently.她英语讲得很流利。
表语:是用来说明主语的性质, 身份, 特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词, 形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语或者表语从句来担任。
I am all right.我没事。 It's over.时间到了。 She is ten.她十岁了。
宾语:是谓语动作所涉及的对象, 它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后。
I saw a cat in the tree.看见树上有一只猫。
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,即双宾语 ,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语, 可以带两个宾语的动词有 offer, bring, give , show, send, pass, tell, lend, 等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加 " to "。
定义 :构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分:主语和谓语
次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday .
主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语
㈠主语(subject)
句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词)
She went out in a hurry.(代词)
Four plus four is eight.(数词)
To see is to believe.(不定式)
Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)
The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)
What he has said is true. (句子)
找出下列句中的主语:1、The sun rises in the
east.
2、Twenty years is a short time in history.
3、The poor are now living in the shelter.
4、Seeing is believing.
5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.
7、What he needs is a book.
8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like
a tree. ㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
句子结构分析
句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。主要成分:主语和谓语
1、主语
一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置:
一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语
She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语
The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语
There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语
To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
It takes me an hour to get there.
2、谓语
表示人或事物( 主语) 的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have 和行为动词来充当谓语动词
句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
分析下列句子的主语和谓语
Mr. Li teaches English.
He can play the piano.
My parents and I are having dinner. He studies very hard.
She likes speaking. I can swim in the river.
We don’t like math. He doesn ’t watch TV.3、表语
用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。
表语的位置:用在动词be 和系动词的后面。凡是系动词(be 动词, 感官动词等) 出现的地方,
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing.
(动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C.