英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing.
（动名词）
To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1
主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）
He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a
tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）
Five and five is ten. （数词）
He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词）
The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost.
（形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1. 主语（subject） 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）
He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
2. 谓语（predicate） 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
3. 表语（predicative） 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）
Five and five is ten. （数词）
He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词）
The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
（常见的系动词有 be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...
英语专题汇编英语句子结构与成分(一)及解析
一、句子结构与成分
1．'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of_________.
A. S+V+P B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+CO D. S+V+DO
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意：昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。它是 S+V+IO+DO结构。My father（主语S）+bought（谓语V）+me（间接宾语ID）+a new watch（直接宾语DO），故选B。
【点评】考查句结构和成分。注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。
2．—What an interesting story she told us!
—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.
A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly
【答案】 A
【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。
【点评】考查系表结构。
3．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book."
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC
