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高考英语语法复习-虚拟语气

高考英语语法复习-虚拟语气

虚拟语气
概述：
虽然在整个语法体系中，虚拟语气所占比重不大。

但是，它却是学生理解和掌握上的一个难点。

历年高考中，单独设题考查虚拟语气的情况并不是很多。

它的考查经常是，虚拟语气与情态动词，与陈述语气的混合考查。

题型涉及完形填空，短文改错等。

思维导图：
目的状语从句
方式状语从句
让步状语从句
原因状语从句
在if only 引导的条件句
在表示愿望的感叹句中
在“what if ….”句型中
知识点梳理：
I 基本概念：
语气：语气表达的是说话者的态度问题。

通常是通过句子中的谓语动词与一些情态动词的结合，或通过自身的变化。

英语中的3种语气：
II 虚拟语气的具体用法
1. 非真实条件句
4.定语从句
用于句型：It is (high/about) time (that) + 过去式(be动词保持was, were两种形式)
+ should do (should不可省)
It is time that you went to bed.
It’s high time that we should begin the meeting.。

梁璟思维导图：英语中的虚拟语气

梁璟思维导图：英语中的虚拟语气

虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从 句中的运用
• 用法：在suggestion、proposal、idea、 plan、advice等名词后面的表语、同位语从 句中要用虚拟语气 • 结构（should）+动词原形do，其中， should可被省略
7
3Leabharlann 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
• 用法：主要运用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从 句中，其结构为相应动词+that+（should）+动词原形，其中， should可以被省略 • 识记口诀：一坚持（insist）；二命令（）；三建议（）；四要 求（）。 • 需注意的特殊用法 – suggest在句中表示“暗示，表明”的意义时，不用虚拟语 气 – insist在句中译为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不需使用虚拟 语气
英语中的虚拟语气
1
英语中的语气
• 陈述语气 • 疑问语气 • 虚拟语气：在英语句子中，表述事实与真 实情况相反或者表示说话人的假设或者愿 望类的句子，往往被称为虚拟语气。
2
虚拟语气在条件句中的运用
• 句意与过去事实相反，从句部分谓语用过去完成时，主句部分谓语为 would、could、should、might+have done • 句意与现在事实相反，从句部分谓语用一般过去时，主句部分谓语为 would、could、should、might+do • 句意与将来事实相反，从句部分谓语有三种情况1.一般过去时； 2.should+do； 3.were to +do;，主句部分谓语为would、could、 should、might+do • 条件句中的错综虚拟语气：此时，条件句和主句部分谓语依句意及具 体时间而定

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图怎样画

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图怎样画

在各科的学习中总是会遇到各种各样的难题，在遇到这些问题时我们要迎刃而解这样才能取得成功，下面总结了在英语学习中经常使用虚拟语气知识点总结思维导图以及绘制方法，希望可以帮助到大家。

绘制工具：迅捷画图
绘制方法：
1.迅捷画图是一个在线编辑网站，里面有很多操作可以直接利用，打开迅捷画图页面如下所示。

点击页面中央的立即体验字样会跳转到新建文件页面中。

2.点击左上角的新建文件会出来四个选项可以选择，这里讲述的是绘制思维导图就选择思维导图进行新建就可以，点击会转入在线编辑面板中进行编辑使用。

3.在面板中心会有一个中心主题文本框，围绕中心主题对节点进行展开，以及一些在绘制中会使用到的工具在上面列表栏目里面都是可以使用的。

4.现在就可以对思维导图的整体框架进行搭建了，右键点击中心主题或左上角点击插入统计或者下级主题可以完成节点添加，一个节点也可以展开成为中心主题。

5.框架搭建完成之后就可以对内容进行补充，双击节点可以对里面内容进行修改，在外观选项中可以对字体大小以及字体格式进行设置。

6.上述“外观”栏目中可以对思维导图的的整体框架颜色，背景颜色以及思维导图的结构可以进行设置使用。

7.思维导图绘制成功之后就可以将其导出进行使用，在面板中的导出操作中可以进行导出，并且有很多格式可以进行选择，操作很方便。

上面的这几步操作方法就是分享的绘制虚拟语气思维导图怎样画的操作方法介绍，总体来说还是比较简单的，并且上手也快，还可以在迅捷画图中的模板栏目中选择相应主题的模板进行使用，希望可以帮助到大家。

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图

v1.0 可编辑可修改高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：来的可能性很小）2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

（事实：不知能否下雪）3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

虚拟语气思维导图

虚拟语气思维导图

3
与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
１.如果我有一百万美元，我就会．．．
If I had one million dollars, I would ．．．
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。
If I had married her, I would have been unhappy. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)
that +S.+(should)do
It is important/natural..
It is a pity/no wonder…
did/were
sb. wish
S + had done
would / might/could do
Sb. suggest/demand/ that
order/ advise
2021/10/10
Clara
14
交叉虚拟语气
条件从句 所表示的动作与主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致 （如一个发生在过去，另一个发生在现在）。这时，我们要根据具 体时间来调整动词的相应形式。
If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you
when you fell，you ____ now．
It seems as if it is going t0/10
Clara 12
虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法
1.It’s high time that +S.+did/should do 2. I would rather that +S+did/had done 3. If only 同wish 4. What if +S. should do

2019届二轮复习高中语法总复习结构图之十三虚拟语气(5页word版)

2019届二轮复习高中语法总复习结构图之十三虚拟语气(5页word版)

2019届二轮复习高中语法总复习结构图之十三虚拟语气虚拟语气十四、重要句型①It was not until midnight that he finished his task.②Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again.③The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.④He walked around the house, gun in hand.⑤May you be in good health! ⑥Wish you a pleasant journey back home!⑦The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes. ⑧What surprised me mos t was his imagination and patience.⑨He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head.⑩Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher.⑾On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists.⑿Looking back upon those past years, he couldn’t help feeling very proud.⒀No sooner(Hardly)had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started. ⒁Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics.⒂How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields!⒃There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room.⒄Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory.⒅There goes the bell.⒆Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here.⒇It is no use crying for help.21. If only I had been your student in the middle school!22. It is believed that such a thing will not happen again.23. Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this.24.“He works particularly hard.”“So he does, and so do you.”25.Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.26.Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.。

新高考英语语法填空分类强化：语法填空之虚拟语气专练(思维导图+三年真题+最新模拟)

新高考英语语法填空分类强化：语法填空之虚拟语气专练(思维导图+三年真题+最新模拟)

新高考英语语法填空分类强化（思维导图+三年真题+最新模拟）专题14 语法填空之虚拟语气专练一、【虚拟语气思维导图】距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！二、【虚拟语气十年真题】1.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I wouldn’t _____(be) where I am.2.（2019·江苏卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________(have) a good time together.3. （2019·天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time.4.（2018·江苏）It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.5.（2018·江苏）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved.6. （2018·天津）I can't find my purse. I could ___________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.7.（2018·北京）They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.8.（2018·天津）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach9.（2017·北京卷）If the new safety system _______(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.10.（2017·江苏卷）_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.11.（2017·天津卷）—Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach her yesterday.12.（2016·北京）Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________(tell) me, I could have helped.13. （2016·天津）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would _________(injure).14.（2016·浙江）Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths would not _______(fall) since their highest in 2005.15.(2015﹒重庆)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn’t __________(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.16.(2015﹒天津)I needn’t ___________(worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.17.(2015﹒天津)I wish I ______(be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.18.(2015﹒福建)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.—Oh, it's too bad. You should ____ (make) e full preparations.19.(2014﹒福建)________ there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.20.(2013﹒北京)If we ______(book) a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.21.(2013﹒福建)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?—No. If so, he ____________(drive) his car to our college yesterday.22. The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures__________ （take）by thegovernment.23.(2013﹒江苏)I should not have laughed if I ______(think) you were serious.24.(2013﹒天津)If he had spent more time practicing English before, he ______(be) able to speak it much better now25.(2013﹒浙江)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam __________(be) at the age of six months old.26.(2013﹒陕西)The children ______(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

一张图搞定虚拟语气用法，简单又好记！

一张图搞定虚拟语气用法，简单又好记！

一张图搞定虚拟语气用法，简单又好记！
英语中表示假设的语句称为虚拟语句。

虚拟语句由:条件句（If......）+主句即预想情况句组成。

有以下三种假设情况：对过去进行假设、现在进行假设、对未来进行假设。

下面分别举一个例子：
1）对过去假设
If I hadn’t take a taxi, I wouldn’t have got my class on time this morning .
2)对现在假设
If you missed the game tonight, you would feel sorry.
3)对未来假设
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
注意：
1）If条件句中禁止出现would。

2）条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，但是需要倒装。

如：Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
综上所述，下面用一张表格总结虚拟语气三种情况的用法。

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：来的可能性很小）2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

（事实：不知能否下雪）3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

13-虚拟语气(导图版)

13-虚拟语气(导图版)

●●●自学贴士●●● 本章重要性：XX 重点掌握部分：虚拟语气的结构、从句中 的虚拟语气 了解部分： 特殊虚拟语气 建议自学学时：80 分钟
wish 的虚拟语气 I wish I knew both English and French. 我要是既懂英文又懂法文就好了。
if only 的虚拟语气 if only 表示“但愿” “要是„„，就好了”它的用法和 wish 基本相同。 动词过去式表示一种意愿或假设。 would+动词原形表示一种一时很难实现的愿望 If only I had more time to think about it. 但愿我有更多的时间考虑它。
虚拟语气的结构 从句（有 if 的那句） 与现在事 实相反 与过去事 实相反 与将来事 实相反 过去式 If I had„„ 主句 should/would+动词原形
例句： 1. 与现在事实相反 If the earth had no gravity, the moon would fly to the sun. 假如地球没有引力，月球就要向太阳飞去。 If I were you, I would reconsider their proposal. 我要是你，我就要重新考虑他们的建议。 注意：If I was you 在口语中可以用，但是在书面语中（考试中）必须书写 if I were you. What would you do if you were in his position? 要是你处在他的位置，你会怎么办？ 2. 与过去事实相反 If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。 If she hadn’t taken your advice, she would have made a bad mistake. 她要不是停了你的劝告，就要犯大错了。 3. 与将来相反的假设 If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again. 万一他失败，我们就鼓励他再试一试。 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会是另外一种做法。 4. 介词短语表示的假设条件 Without air, there would be no wind or clouds. 没有空气就不会有风，也不会有云。 5. 连结词 if 的省略 Had he not been ill, he might have come. 要不是生病，他是会来的。 Were I to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会是另外一种做法。 3. 从句中的虚拟语气：从句谓语动词是原形或 should do！ （1）主语从句 It is necessary that 有必要„„ It is important that 重要的是„„ It is suggested that 有人建议„„ It is requested that 人们要求„„ It is recommended that 有人推荐„„ It is demanded that 根据要求„„ It is necessary that he (should) be there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。 （2）宾语从句 He commanded that we (should) attack the enemy at once. 他命令我们马上向敌人进攻。 （3）同位语和表语从句 My suggestion is that we (should) send a trade delegation to Malaysia. 我建议派一个贸易代表团去马来西亚。

英语虚拟语气精讲：思维导图，巧记口诀，典型习题，解析，易错

英语虚拟语气精讲：思维导图，巧记口诀，典型习题，解析，易错

英语虚拟语⽓精讲：思维导图，巧记⼝诀，典型习题，解析，易错详解⼁虚拟语⽓⼁3道典型例题（知其然，知其所以然） 1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now. A. will showB. would show C. am going to showD. am showing【陷阱】⼏个⼲扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选B。

根据上⽂的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有⼀个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’tforget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪⼉读过这篇⽂章的话——但事实上忘了)。

2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.” A. He’d better give up drinking B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so 【陷阱】⼏个⼲扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk ⼀词的影响。

【分析】最佳答案为D。

关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语⽓，句⼦既然⽤了虚拟语⽓，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的⾔⾏好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。

3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.” A. doB. are C. willD. would【陷阱】容易误选A或C。

选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应⼀致;选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语⽓上看，主句应⽤将来时态。

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1． I .如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）2． I .如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）3． .如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4． I .如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1. I , I .如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

（事实：去晚了）2． a .如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测1 .如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：来的可能性很小）2． a .如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

（事实：不知能否下雪）3． .如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

【典型例题】1） I , I .A. B.C. D.2） , 't . (2010年湖南卷)A. B.C. D.3） . , I . (2010年天津卷)A. B.C. D.4） , . (2010年陕西卷)A. B.C. D.5）— .—. a , ! . (2010年北京卷)A. 'tB. 'tC. 'tD. 'tⅡ例句：1. I , I .如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。

2. , I .假若有必要，我会去的。

3. . 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。

4. ’t ; .我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。

5. I . I .我那天很忙。

否则我会来帮你的。

6. , ’t .没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。

7. .如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。

【典型例题】1） a , a . (2001年上海春季卷)A. B.C. D.2） , . (2009年安徽卷)A. B.C. D.3） , I . (2009年福建卷)A. B.C. D.4） , Yangpu BridgeA. B. C. D.5） ,A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.7） ,A. . C. D.8） ,A. B. C. D.9） ,A. B. C. D.10） ,A. B. C. D. ’tⅢ1：; ; ; ; ; ;2:一条建议：两道命令：三条建议：四点要求： .3例句：他坚持说他是个学生2. .他的表情暗含着他很担心。

虚拟语气思维导图 PPT

虚拟语气思维导图 PPT
by the hour is completely reasonable.
大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 （should）+动词原形
我们很有必要/重要掌握一门外语
It is important / necessary that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气
did/were wish + that clause had done
would / might //could do
我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了） I wish I remembered the address.
要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）
I wish he had not left. 要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨） I wish it would rain tomorrow.
虚拟语气表主观愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
Ⅰ
1.wish 引导的从句
2. if only引导的从句
虚 绝 3.as if/even if引导的从句 拟对 语 条 4. would rather + 气件
5. it is high time that
6. It is necessary that 7.suggest 等词后的that
她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

高中英语思维导图：虚拟语气

高中英语思维导图：虚拟语气

推测将来
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A. 他如些努力地学英语，好像他要去美国。
It's (high/about) time (that)...
It is hiol. 你该去上学了。
虚拟现在 虚拟过去 推测将来
If you had just followed my advice,you would be better now. 如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。
条件从句的动作 或行为和主句的 动作或行为发生 的时间不一致
错综时间条件句
Without your help,we couldn't have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能成功。
would rather+宾语成句
虚拟现在或将来
I would rather they didn't know the news. 我宁愿他们不知道那个消息。
虚拟过去
I would rather I had not told him the bad news. 我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。
It is important/necessary/ urgent/essential...that...
If you had taken my advice, you would have passed the exams. 如果你听了我的建议，你就能通过考试了。
If you succeeded/should succeed/were to succed, everything would be all right. 如果你成功的话，一切都会好的。

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图

一状语从句的虚拟语气1. if 条件句①真实条件句（陈述语气）② 虚拟条件句（虚拟语气）与现在事实相反从句did/ were常规用法与将来事实相反从句did/werewere to do +主句would/could/ should/might do与过去事实相从句had done +主句would/could /should/might have done反过去If sb had done Had sb done倒装反将来if sb were to do Were sb to do sth反现在If sb should do Should sb do sth含蓄条件句If there were no water, all the animals would die.without Without water all the animals would die.but for If it hadn’t been for your advice, I couldn’t have made such great progress.But for your advice, I couldn’t have made such great progress.otherwise/or I f I had not been ill that day, I would have taken part in the math.I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken part in the football math. 错综时间条件句从句反过去（had done）主句反现在（would/could/might/should do/be doing）从句反现在（did/ were）主句反将来（would/could/might/should do）2 as ifThe cat lay still on the floor as if she was asleep. 方式状语从句The cat lay still on the floor as if she were died. 虚拟语气even if /even thoughI will go there even if it rains tomorrow. 让步状语从句He died even if he was well treated by some experts.方式状语I would never marry you even if you were a millionaire. 虚拟语气in case/ for fear thatTake an umbrella with you in case/for fear that it rains. (陈述句，可能性大)Take an umbrella with you in case/for fear that it should rain. (虚拟语气，可能性小)二名词性从句中的虚拟1 宾语从句wish 反现在did/ wereif only (要是...多好) 反将来would/could/might dowould rather 反过去had done一坚持insist二命令order command三建议suggest advise recommend (should) + do四要求ask demand request require辨析suggest 暗示表明陈述句建议虚拟insist 坚持说坚称陈述坚持虚拟2 主语从句It is desired/ suggested/proposed/ recommended/ +主语+（should）doIt is necessary/ important/ strange/natural/essential +主语+ should doIt is a pity/ a shame +主语+should do13 表语从句suggestion proposal主语表示建议命令要求order +从句sb (should) dorequirement/ request3.同位语从句先行词同上从句+（should ）+do2。

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高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：来的可能性很小）2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

（事实：不知能否下雪）3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

【典型例题】1） If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told2）If he _______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. (2010年湖南卷)A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow3）John went to the hospital alone. If he ______ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010年天津卷)A. should tellB. tellsC. toldD. had told4） If we _______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010年陕西卷)A. takeB. had takenC. tookD. have taken5）—The weather has been very hot and dry.—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ______. (2010年北京卷)A. wouldn't dieB. didn't dieC. hadn't diedD. wouldn't have diedⅡ例句：1.Were I Tom, I would refuse.如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。

2. Should it be necessary, I would go.假若有必要，我会去的。

3. Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time.若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。

4. We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。

5. I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.我那天很忙。

否则我会来帮你的。

6. Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much.没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。

7. But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the experiment.如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。

【典型例题】1）He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal. (2001年上海春季卷)A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored2） But for their help, we _______ the program in time. (2009年安徽卷)A. can not finishB. will not finishC. had not finishedD. could not have finished3）But for the help of my English teacher, I ______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (2009年福建卷)A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would winD. would have won4） _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5）___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been forB. If it were notC. If it had not been forD.Were it not for6） ____hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to workB. Had he workedC. Should he workD. Were heto work7） ____today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had heleft8） Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right nowA. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been9） Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be10） But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earthA. isB. wouldC. wereD. wouldn’t beⅢ1：necessary; strange; important; insist; suggest; order; natural 2:一条建议：insist两道命令：order command三条建议：suggest advise propose四点要求：demand require desire ask .3.insistence suggestion order proposal demand例句：1. He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生2. His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。

3. It is strange that such a person should be our friend.奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。

4. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.他建议我们到北京旅游观光,我们都同意了。

5. My advice is that he (should) exercise first.我的建议是他应该先做练习。

6. It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in English.你应该花更多的时间学习英语。

7. She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。

8. He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.他早早的就出发了以防迟到【典型例题】1）Jane's pale face suggested that she ______ ill, and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination. (1994年上海卷)A. be; should haveB. was; haveC. should be; hadD. was; has2）Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ______ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss) (2010年湖北卷)【解析】动词insist引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,从句结构是(should) +动词原形,主语problem是“被讨论”,故使用被动形式,故答案为(should) be discussed。