虚拟语气思维导图(汇编)

v1.0 可编辑可修改高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：来的可能性很小）2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

（事实：不知能否下雪）3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图Revised on November 25, 2020．选择题1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tiredA. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven ; wouldn’t have got4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the YangpuBridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prisonA. refersB. referringC. referredD. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with himA. on him to go; should beB. he went; beC. he go; wasD. he should to; is8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than todayA. tellsB. toldC. would tellD. had told9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homeworkA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meetA. would have taken part inB. took part inC. had taken part inD. would take part in11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been forB. If it were notC. If it had not been forD. Were it not for12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from goingA. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13. ____hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to workB. Had he workedC. Should he workD. Were he to work14. ____today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right nowA. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. comeD. had come17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helpedD. were,would have helped18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climbB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD.hadn’t been, could climb19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be20. ---I am going to tell her the news---I would as soon you _____her about itA. didn’t tellB. don’t tellC. hadn’t tellD. won’t tell21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____homeA. stayedB. could stayC. has stayedD. stay22. It was requested that the play ____againA. should put onB. would put onC. be put onD. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediatelyA. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness----Yes, but ____itA. I’d rather not doB. I’d rather not have doneC. I should’ t doD. I’d better not do25. If only I ___my carA. hadn’t lostB. wouldn’t loseC. didn’t loseD. haven’t lost26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earthA. isB. wouldC. wereD. wouldn’t be27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time beingA. doB. didn’t doC. don’tD. didn’t28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own sonA. isB. wereC. had beenD. should be29. How the old people wish that they ____young once moreA. wereB. could becomeC. had beenD. should be30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had held31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dyingA. even if , wasB. though, would beC. even, had beenD. as if, were32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had notB. did not have hadC. hadn’t hadD. hadn’t have33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question againA. will discussB. to discussC. should discussD. will be discussed34. He requested that the students ____them get in cropsA. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rulesA. obeysB. ObeyC. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I ____here thenA. wasB. had beenC. wereD. would be37. It is strange that he ____back so earlyA. cameB. will comeC. had comeD. should have come38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TVA. didB. doC. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest SundayA. be putB. putC. should putD. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ thereA. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before elevenA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Par ker to you, and ____ you forget it!A. doB. didn’tC. didD. don’t43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morningA. would, have washedB. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washingD. could have, had washing44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had triedB. hadn’t triedC. have triedD. didn’t try45. ----How could I thank you enough----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____itA. must doB. could doC. would have doneD. should have done46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continueA. be, be delayedB. is, delayC. should be, be delayedD. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deathsA. it would have been B. it would be C. there would be D. there would have been48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.A. requested, deliver B. demand, be deliveredC. request, should deliverD. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorderA. made unpunishedB. came unpunishedC. went unpunishedD. not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____lateA. would beB. wereC. will beD. would have been51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen thenA. comeB. cameC. would comeD. will come52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meetingA. had put onB. should put onC. have put onD. will put on53. I hope that you ____ rightA. will beB. should beC. wereD. would be54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to youA. amB. have beenC. should beD. would be55. He insisted that we ____early the next morningA. startB. startedC. would startD. had started56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. had comeD. came57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema insteadA. must have studiedB. might studyC. would studyD. would have studied58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last weekA. were not, could have climbedB. were not, could climbC. had not been , could have climbedD. had not been, could climb答案1-10 C B D B C C C B A A11-20 D A B A C D B C D A21-30 D C C B A C B B A B31-40 D C C A B B D B A A41-50 C D C B C D D B C D51-58 B B A A AC D C。

推测将来
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A. 他如些努力地学英语，好像他要去美国。
It's (high/about) time (that)...
It is hiol. 你该去上学了。
虚拟现在 虚拟过去 推测将来
If you had just followed my advice,you would be better now. 如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。
条件从句的动作 或行为和主句的 动作或行为发生 的时间不一致
错综时间条件句
Without your help,we couldn't have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能成功。
would rather+宾语成句
虚拟现在或将来
I would rather they didn't know the news. 我宁愿他们不知道那个消息。
虚拟过去
I would rather I had not told him the bad news. 我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。
It is important/necessary/ urgent/essential...that...
If you had taken my advice, you would have passed the exams. 如果你听了我的建议，你就能通过考试了。
If you succeeded/should succeed/were to succed, everything would be all right. 如果你成功的话，一切都会好的。

在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.
2.The game will be put off in case it snows.
（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气
一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
I wish (that) I were a bird.
2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形
3、If+主语+should +动词原形
If I were to go abroad, I would go to America.
主语+would（could should might）+动词原型
错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
虚拟语气
（一） 状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：
从句（条件）
主句（目的）
表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.

状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法三点：件句中的用法三点：从句（条件）从句（条件） 主句（目的）主句（目的）表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 If+主语+动词的过去式（be 用were ） If If I I I had had had time, time, time, I I I would would would attend attend the meeting. 主语+would(should could might)+动词原型动词原型表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句拟条件句If+主语+had+动词的过去分词 If If he he he had had had hurried hurried hurried ,he ,he ,he could could have caught the train. 主语+would （should could might ）+have+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 1、If+主语+动词过去式动词过去式 2、If+主语+were +were to+ to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形动词原形If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America. 主语+would （could should might ）+动词原型动词原型 错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise ，or ，without ，but for ）上下文或其他方式来表示。

1
虚拟语气在as i f/as though引导的方式状 语从句中
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去 式。
He treats the boy as if he were his own son.
2•表示与过去事实相反•谓语动词用过去完成时。
He spoke as if he had known about it.
“In case”引导的从句 中即可用陈述句，也可 以用虚拟语气
(should)+动词原型
例：game wi I I be put off in case it (should) snow・ game will be put off in case it snows・
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
一：宾语从句中的虚 拟语气
例： 原句：1:If she were younger, she, would do it.
去if: Were she younger,she,would do it.
条件从句中省略if釆 用倒装语序的情况
2: 1f you had come ear 1 ier, you wou 1 d have met him.
对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语wou I d/shou I d/cou I d/m i ght+动词 原形”o
I wish (that) I would\could go.
)
在表示建议，命令， 要求，忠告，等动词 的后面的宾语从句中 的虚拟语气
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。
1
有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致. 这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的吋间加以调整。

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：来的可能性很小）2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

（事实：不知能否下雪）3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

●●●自学贴士●●● 本章重要性：XX 重点掌握部分：虚拟语气的结构、从句中 的虚拟语气 了解部分： 特殊虚拟语气 建议自学学时：80 分钟
wish 的虚拟语气 I wish I knew both English and French. 我要是既懂英文又懂法文就好了。
if only 的虚拟语气 if only 表示“但愿” “要是„„，就好了”它的用法和 wish 基本相同。 动词过去式表示一种意愿或假设。 would+动词原形表示一种一时很难实现的愿望 If only I had more time to think about it. 但愿我有更多的时间考虑它。
虚拟语气的结构 从句（有 if 的那句） 与现在事 实相反 与过去事 实相反 与将来事 实相反 过去式 If I had„„ 主句 should/would+动词原形
例句： 1. 与现在事实相反 If the earth had no gravity, the moon would fly to the sun. 假如地球没有引力，月球就要向太阳飞去。 If I were you, I would reconsider their proposal. 我要是你，我就要重新考虑他们的建议。 注意：If I was you 在口语中可以用，但是在书面语中（考试中）必须书写 if I were you. What would you do if you were in his position? 要是你处在他的位置，你会怎么办？ 2. 与过去事实相反 If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。 If she hadn’t taken your advice, she would have made a bad mistake. 她要不是停了你的劝告，就要犯大错了。 3. 与将来相反的假设 If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again. 万一他失败，我们就鼓励他再试一试。 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会是另外一种做法。 4. 介词短语表示的假设条件 Without air, there would be no wind or clouds. 没有空气就不会有风，也不会有云。 5. 连结词 if 的省略 Had he not been ill, he might have come. 要不是生病，他是会来的。 Were I to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会是另外一种做法。 3. 从句中的虚拟语气：从句谓语动词是原形或 should do！ （1）主语从句 It is necessary that 有必要„„ It is important that 重要的是„„ It is suggested that 有人建议„„ It is requested that 人们要求„„ It is recommended that 有人推荐„„ It is demanded that 根据要求„„ It is necessary that he (should) be there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。 （2）宾语从句 He commanded that we (should) attack the enemy at once. 他命令我们马上向敌人进攻。 （3）同位语和表语从句 My suggestion is that we (should) send a trade delegation to Malaysia. 我建议派一个贸易代表团去马来西亚。

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1． I .如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）2． I .如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）3． .如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4． I .如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1. I , I .如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

（事实：去晚了）2． a .如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测1 .如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：来的可能性很小）2． a .如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

（事实：不知能否下雪）3． .如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

【典型例题】1） I , I .A. B.C. D.2） , 't . (2010年湖南卷)A. B.C. D.3） . , I . (2010年天津卷)A. B.C. D.4） , . (2010年陕西卷)A. B.C. D.5）— .—. a , ! . (2010年北京卷)A. 'tB. 'tC. 'tD. 'tⅡ例句：1. I , I .如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。

2. , I .假若有必要，我会去的。

3. . 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。

4. ’t ; .我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。

5. I . I .我那天很忙。

否则我会来帮你的。

6. , ’t .没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。

7. .如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。

【典型例题】1） a , a . (2001年上海春季卷)A. B.C. D.2） , . (2009年安徽卷)A. B.C. D.3） , I . (2009年福建卷)A. B.C. D.4） , Yangpu BridgeA. B. C. D.5） ,A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.7） ,A. . C. D.8） ,A. B. C. D.9） ,A. B. C. D.10） ,A. B. C. D. ’tⅢ1：; ; ; ; ; ;2:一条建议：两道命令：三条建议：四点要求： .3例句：他坚持说他是个学生2. .他的表情暗含着他很担心。

by the hour is completely reasonable.
大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 （should）+动词原形
我们很有必要/重要掌握一门外语
It is important / necessary that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气
did/were wish + that clause had done
would / might //could do
我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了） I wish I remembered the address.
要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）
I wish he had not left. 要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨） I wish it would rain tomorrow.
虚拟语气表主观愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
Ⅰ
1.wish 引导的从句
2. if only引导的从句
虚 绝 3.as if/even if引导的从句 拟对 语 条 4. would rather + 气件
5. it is high time that
6. It is necessary that 7.suggest 等词后的that
她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
这类名词罕有的有：demand,desire,requirement,advice,recommendation,suggestion,order,necessity,proposal,plan,idea.
去if：Were she younger,she,would do it.
2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him
3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
2.暗示与曩昔事实相反,谓语动词用曩昔完成时.
He spoke as if he had known about it.
3．暗示与未来事实相反,(暗示未来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词本相
He acts as if he could win in the game .
留意：1.若或人愿本身做某事,would rather后用动词原型
2.would rather…..than……顶用动词原型
I would rather do it by myself.
Iwouldratherwatch TV at homethango to the cinema.
主语从句中的虚拟语气

虚拟语⽓思维导图虚拟语⽓知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表⽰与现在事实相反的情况：1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有⽔和空⽓，地球上就不会有⽣物。

(事实：地球上既有空⽓也有⽔) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

（事实：没带钱）2.表⽰与过去事实相反的情况1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那⼉，我就会见到她。

（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表⽰对将来情况的主观推测1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这⼉的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：来的可能性很⼩）2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周⽇下⼤雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

（事实：不知能否下雪）3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周⼀来这⼉的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ虚拟情况If条件句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+V过主语+（would; could; should; might）+V原与过去事实相反If+主语+had+ V过分主语+（would; could; should; might ）have +V过主语+（would; could; should; might）+V原与将来事实可能相反If+主语+V过Should+V原Wereto+V原例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）欧阳语创编2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）3．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1.If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：来的可能性很小）2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

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错综时间虚拟语气
主句和从句所指的时间不一致，主、从句的动作若不 是同时发生时。If they had informed us, we would not come here now.
含蓄虚拟
句子隐含”假如“的含义
but for：要不是 without：如果没有 otherwise/or：否则 陈述事实 + otherwise + 虚拟语气 but 虚拟语气 + but +陈述事实
宾，表，同位语从句出现
虚拟语气在名词性从句的应用
目的状语从句：for fear that, in case， lest（以免），so that, in order that
让步状语从句：even if, even though
方式状语从句：as if, as though
Hale Waihona Puke 虚拟语气在其他状语从句的应用
对将来的虚拟
If 主语were to do, 主语+ would/should/could/might do
If 主语 did (were)，主语 +would/should/could/might do
倒装形式，分两步
1.先去掉if 2.再把助/系/情提到主语之前 If I were you=Were I you IHad I known the party
What if … 要是……怎么办？ If only … 要是……就好了。 If you would … 如果你愿意……
只保留从句的虚拟语气
It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形