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急诊科高风险操作工作总结Emergency Department High-Risk Procedures Work Summary.Introduction:The Emergency Department (ED) is a fast-paced and dynamic environment where high-risk procedures are frequently performed. These procedures require extensive training, skill, and adherence to strict protocols to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes. This work summary provides an overview of the high-risk procedures performed in our ED, including their indications, contraindications, potential complications, and steps taken to mitigate risks.High-Risk Procedures Performed in the ED:1. Endotracheal Intubation:Intubation is a procedure that involves inserting abreathing tube into the trachea to secure the airway. It is indicated in patients with respiratory distress, impending respiratory failure, or altered mental status. Contraindications include facial trauma, esophageal disease, and severe laryngospasm. Potential complications include hypoventilation, pneumothorax, aspiration, and vocal cord damage.2. Central Line Placement:Central lines are large-bore intravenous catheters inserted into the central veins, typically the subclavianor internal jugular veins. They are used for administering medications, fluids, and blood products, as well as monitoring hemodynamic parameters. Contraindicationsinclude local infection, coagulation disorders, and certain anatomical abnormalities. Potential complications include catheter-related bloodstream infections, pneumothorax, and hemothorax.3. Arterial Line Placement:Arterial lines are catheters inserted into the radial or femoral arteries. They are used to monitor blood pressure, collect arterial blood samples, and administer medications. Contraindications include arterial occlusive disease, limb ischemia, and uncontrolled coagulopathy. Potential complications include bleeding, hematoma, and arterial dissection.4. Chest Tube Insertion:Chest tubes are inserted into the pleural space to drain air or fluid. They are indicated in cases of pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or hemothorax. Contraindications include ongoing intra-thoracic bleeding and uncooperative patients. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, and lung injury.5. Lumbar Puncture:Lumbar puncture is a procedure where a needle is inserted into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid. It is used to diagnose meningitis, encephalitis, andother neurological conditions. Contraindications include suspected increased intracranial pressure and coagulopathies. Potential complications include headache, infection, and nerve damage.Risk Mitigation Strategies:1. Training and Competency:All healthcare providers involved in performing high-risk procedures undergo rigorous training and are required to demonstrate competency before being allowed to perform the procedure independently.2. Equipment Maintenance and Readiness:Equipment used for high-risk procedures is regularly inspected, maintained, and calibrated to ensure proper functionality and minimize the risk of malfunction.3. Patient Selection and Pre-Procedure Assessment:Patients undergoing high-risk procedures are carefully selected, and a thorough pre-procedure assessment is performed to identify any potential contraindications or risks.4. Procedural Guidelines and Protocols:Standardized guidelines and protocols are followed for each high-risk procedure to ensure consistency and minimize errors.5. Post-Procedure Monitoring and Evaluation:Patients who undergo high-risk procedures are closely monitored after the procedure for any signs of complications. Follow-up evaluations are scheduled as necessary to assess the outcomes and identify any delayed complications.Conclusion:High-risk procedures are an essential component ofemergency care, but they require meticulous planning, execution, and risk mitigation strategies to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes. By adhering to strict guidelines, maintaining competency, and implementing comprehensive risk reduction measures, our ED strives to provide the highest quality of care to our patients.中文回答：前言：急诊科（ED）是一个节奏快、动态的环境，经常执行高风险操作。
引流管护理相关指南## Chest Tube Care Guidelines.Chest tubes are placed to remove air, fluid, or pus from the pleural space. This space is located between the lungs and chest wall. Chest tubes are usually inserted by a doctor or nurse in the hospital.### Care of the Chest Tube.Once the chest tube is in place, it is important to keep it clean and dry. The following instructions will help you care for the chest tube:Keep the dressing clean and dry. The dressing around the chest tube should be changed every day or as directed by your doctor or nurse. To change the dressing, follow these steps:Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.Remove the old dressing.Clean the skin around the chest tube with soap and water.Apply a new dressing.Keep the tubing connected. The chest tube is connected to a suction machine. The suction machine helps to remove air, fluid, or pus from the pleural space. It is important to keep the tubing connected to the suction machine at all times.Empty the drainage container. The drainage container collects the air, fluid, or pus that is removed from the pleural space. The drainage container should be emptied every 8 hours or as directed by your doctor or nurse. To empty the drainage container, follow these steps:Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.Open the drainage container.Pour the contents of the drainage container into a toilet or sink.Close the drainage container.Watch for signs of infection. If you notice any ofthe following signs of infection, call your doctor or nurse immediately:Redness or swelling around the chest tube.Drainage from the chest tube that is cloudy or foul-smelling.Fever.Do not remove the chest tube yourself. The chesttube should only be removed by a doctor or nurse. If the chest tube falls out, call your doctor or nurse immediately.### When to Call Your Doctor or Nurse.Call your doctor or nurse if you have any of the following problems:The dressing around the chest tube becomes wet or dirty.The tubing becomes disconnected from the suction machine.The drainage container is full.You have any signs of infection.The chest tube falls out.You have any other questions or concerns about the chest tube.## 引流管护理指南。
chests翻译
“Chests”可以指多种不同的含义，下面将列出几个可能的翻译：
1. 衣柜：如果“chests”指的是存放衣物的家具，那么它的翻译可以是“衣柜”或者“衣橱”。
在英语中，“chest of drawers”通常是指类似于抽屉式柜子的家具，不过在中文中，也可以把它翻译成“衣柜”。
2. 箱子：如果“chests”指的是盛放物品的容器，那么它的翻译可以是“箱子”或者“盒子”。
具体要看上下文的语境来确定翻译的准确性和合适性。
3. 胸腔：如果“chests”指的是人或动物的胸腔，那么它的翻译就是“胸部”或者“胸腔”。
4. 宝箱：如果“chests”指的是一种有价值的物品收纳容器，例如珠宝、金银财宝等，那么它的翻译可以是“宝箱”或者“贵重物品箱”。
总之，正确的翻译应该要结合上下文来进行，以确保翻译的准确性和恰当性。
CHEST TUBE MANIKINLF03770U INSTRUCTION MANUALProducts by NASCOAbout the Manikin...The NASCO Life/Form®Chest Tube Manikin has been designed specifically to teach the theory, anatomy and skills needed to manage pre-hospital chest trauma, as well as on-going chest tube maintenance.The right side of the manikin has two cut-away viewing areas to illustrate the anatomical relationships between the skin surface, musculature, ribs and lungs. The left side has a pressurized tension pneumothorax site and a site for the surgical placement of a functional chest tube. Fluid color, volume and vis-cosity can be controlled by the instructor. The manikin may be used with any com-mercially available closed water seal drainage unit.List of Components:•Torso with Lung•Fluid Reservoir Bag (3)•Foot Pump•Surgical Skin Pads (5)•Subcutaneous Surgical Pads (5)•Nurse Training Pads (2)•Pneumothorax Pads (5)•Blood Powder•Methyl Cellulose Thickener Setting up the trainer Pneumothorax site:Plug the foot pump hose into the port in the base of the trainer (Figure 1). Pump several times to fill the inner air bladder. (The bladder has a pressure relief valve to prevent overinflation and rupture.) The procedure may now be performed at the second intercostal space, mid-clavicular line. While the outer skin pad may be punctured repeatedly, it will eventually need to be replaced. Simply remove the chest skin and replace the old pad with a new one.Chest tube insertion site:Fill the reservoir bag with fluid, which has been mixed to the desired color and con-sistency according to the directions on the packet. Connect the bag to the quick-disconnect fitting in the base of the trainer (Figure 1). The procedure may now be performed using a #32 French chest tube. The site, located at the fifth intercostal space, just anterior to the mid-axillary line, consists of an outer surgical skin pad and an inner subcutaneous sur-gical pad. Each pad can be used four times by rotating it a quarter turn after each procedure. Simply remove the outer skin and the surgical skin pad, snap out the rib insert, and turn the subcuta-neous surgical pad to a fresh site. Snap in the rib insert, turn the surgical pad in a new position, and replace the outer skin. Discard both pads and insert new onesafter four procedures.Figure 1Care of the trainer1.Normal soil may be removed fromthe skin with mild soap and water,or with REN cleaner, available fromNasco.2.Never place the skin on any printedmaterial, as the ink will cause indeli-ble stains.3.Handle synthetic blood with care, asit will stain fabrics and skin.4.Rinse the fluid reservoir bag thor-oughly after each use; leave the capopen so it can dry, especially if it willbe stored for any length of time.Available SuppliesLF03771Surgical Skin Pads (Pk/5)LF03772Subcutaneous Surgical Pads (Pk/5) LF03773Pneumothorax Chest Pads(Pk/5) LF03774 Blood PowderLF03775Methyl Cellulose ThickenerWO09919 Ren CleanerOther Available SimulatorsLF00698UAdult Injectable Arm (White)LF03610U Child Airway Management LF00856U Female Catheterization Trainer Head OnlyLF00901U Prostate Examination LF03611U Child Defibrillation Chest LF00906U Ostomy Care SkinLF00929U Surgical Bandaging LF03612U Child IV ArmLF00957U Enema Administration LF03613U Child Blood Pressure Arm LF00958U Pediatric Injectable Arm LF03614U Child Intraosseous Infusion/ LF00961U Intramuscular Injection Femoral Access Leg Only LF00984U Breast Examination LF03615U Complete Child CR i S is™LF00995U Arterial Puncture Arm Update KitLF00997U Adult Injectable Arm (Black)LF03616U Child CR i S is™ManikinLF00999U Pediatric Injectable Head LF03617U Deluxe Child CR i S is™LF01008U Intradermal Injection Arm Manikin with Arrhythmia Tutor LF01012U Heart Catheterization (TPN)LF03620U PALS Update KitLF01019U Ear Examination LF03621U Infant Airway Management LF01020U Supplementary Ear Set Trainer Head OnlyLF01025U Male Cath-Ed I LF03622U Intraosseous Infusion Right LF01026U Female Cath-Ed II LegLF01027U Peritoneal Dialysis LF03623U Infant Airway Management LF01028U Suture Practice Arm TrainerLF01036U Spinal Injection LF03626U Child Femoral AccessLF01053U Cross-Sectional Anatomy,Injection Pad Replacement Torso, Head LF03627U Child CR i S is™Replacement LF01054U Cross-Sectional Anatomy,Lung SetHead LF03628U Child CR i S is™Replacement LF01062U Pelvic, Normal & Abnormal StomachLF01063U Stump Bandaging, Upper LF03629U Child IV Arm Replacement LF01064U Stump Bandaging, Lower Skin and VeinsLF01068U Brachial Plexus LF03630U Child Arrhythmia TutorLF01069U Cervical Effacement LF03631U Child Airway Management LF01070U Birthing Station Trainer ReplacementLF01082U Cricothyrotomy HeadskinLF01083U Tracheostomy Care LF03632U Child Intraosseous Infusion/ LF01084U Sigmoidoscopic Femoral Access Leg on a Examination StandLF01087U Central Venous Cannulation LF03633U Child Airway Management LF01094U Cross Sectional Trainer with TorsoAnatomy — Laminated LF03650U CR i S is™ManikinLF01095U Blood Pressure Arm LF03651U ALS Update KitLF01108U Intraosseous Infusion LF03675U BLS Manikin — 10 Pack Simulator LF03676U BLS Manikin — 5 PackLF03000U CPARLENE®Series LF03677U BLS Manikin — SingleLF03601U Adult Airway Management LF04001U GER i™Nursing Manikin Trainer LF04020U KER i™Nursing ManikinLF03602U Adult Airway Management LF04021U KER i™Basic Manikin on Manikin LF04022U KER i™Advanced Manikin LF03603U Adult Airway Management LF04030U GER i™Advanced Manikin Head Only LF04040U GER i™Basic ManikinLF03609U Child Airway ManagementTrainerFort Atkinson, Wisconsin 53538-0901(920) 563-2446•*************************Fort AtkinsonCOPYRIGHT © NASCO 2003 PRINTED IN U.S.A.NP 57-03。
莆田学院期末考试说课评分表2010 ——2011 学年第二学期课程名称：说课与教学片断适用年级/专业 08体育教育专业试卷类别：开卷（√）闭卷（）学历层次：本科姓名：陈高敏学号：810801444 授课年级：水平五高一年级授课内容：篮球双手胸前传接球篮球双手胸前传接球课的设计水平五高一年级姓名xxx一、指导思想：本课以“健康第一”为指导思想，结合学生的实际情况，在教学活动过程中。
遵循“以学生为主体，教师为主导”的教学原则，采用多种教学手段和方法，使学生了解并学会篮球双手胸前传接球技术，并感受篮球带来的乐趣，同时培养学生勇敢果断，勇于克服困难的良好品质。
二、学情分析本节课的授课对象是水平五高一年级的学生，此阶段的学生身体发育日趋成熟，学习能力强、学习积极性高，并热爱篮球运动。
但由于基本功并不扎实，需要多加练习。
所以在教学活动过程中，需根据学生的实际情况在教学过程中，合理降低要求与难度，通过正确引导学生进行专门的传接球练习，提高传接球能力，增强学生对于篮球的兴趣。
三、教材分析篮球双手胸前传接球是篮球运动中一项重要的基本技术，由于其是连接着所有球员的枢纽，所以传好球接好球就成为球场上最最重要的技术。
篮球双手胸前传接球是传接球技术的一种，掌握该技术的关键是，持球动作的正确，手指手腕的协调连贯用力，以及接球时收臂后引缓冲动作的连贯结合。
重点：伸臂、翻腕、拨指动作，接球的后引、缓冲难点：蹬地、食、中指拨球、全身协调发力，接球的收臂后引缓冲动作的连贯四、教学目标认知目标：通过教学活动让学生了解双手胸前传接球技术和动作要领；技能目标：让学生初步掌握双手胸前传接球技术，使90%以上的学生能够完成双手胸前传接球技术动作，使40%的学生能够较为准确的完成双手胸前传接球技术；情感目标：愉快的参加练习，大胆的尝试和运用技术，在运动中展示自己的才能，并体验篮球的乐趣.五、教学策略1、讲解示范法：通过教师的示范讲解、说明双手胸前传接球的动作要领以及重难点2、集体学习法：教师组织学生进行徒手无球的传接球练习以及有球的传接球集体练习，来提高同学对于传接球技术的掌握3、分组练习法：通过分大组进行传接球的行进间练习提高同学对基本技术的把握六、教学程序（一）开始热身部分；1、课堂常规一、教学活动：1.课前检查场地，准备器材2.集合整队，师生问好，检查人数，安排见习生二、组织队形：成四列横队XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX▲三、要求：快静齐（1）慢跑1、组织队形：全体同学绕篮球场慢跑4圈2、要求：完成教师安排和要求，队伍整齐（2）徒手操1、教学活动：①教师讲解示范②跟随教师的动作，完成徒手操2、组织措施：全体同学成四列横队体操队形散开（1）头部运动（4*8）XXXXXXXX（2）伸展运动（4*8）XXXXXXXX（3）腰部运动（4*8）XXXXXXXX（4）手腕踝关节运动（4*8）XXXXXXXX（5）弓步压腿（4*8）●（6）跳跃运动（4*8）3、要求：动作到位，有力整齐（二）学习提高部分双手胸前传接球：1、传球动作要领：双手持球两手指自然张开，双手持球于胸腹之间，两肘自然弯曲于体侧，身体成基本站立姿势，眼平视传球目标。
包装类型缩写形式中国包装网：/包装代码包装中文名称包装英文名称AK 件 PACKSAL 大包BALEAM 未加保护玻璃瓶AMPOULE, NON-PROTECTEDAN 大容器，槽，油箱，罐 TANKAP 加保护玻璃瓶 AMPOULE, PROTECTED BA 桶 BARRELBB 细绳 BOBBINBC 带有瓶架的板条箱BOTTLE CRATE, BOTTLERACKBD 板BOARDBE 捆 BUNDLEBF 未加保护球形瓶BALLON, NON-PROTECTEDBG 袋 BAGBH 线束BUNCHBI 料箱 BINBJ 吊桶 BUCKETBK 筐 BASKETBL 已压缩包 BALE, COMPRESSED BN 未压缩包BALE, NON-COMPRESSEDBO 未加保护圆柱形瓶BOTTLE, NON-PROTECTED, CYL-INDRICABP 加保护球形瓶 BALLON, PROTECTED BQ 加保护圆柱形瓶BOTTLE, PROTECTED CYLINDRICABR 棒BARBS 未加保护球形瓶BOTTLE, NON-PROTECTED, BULBOUSBT 纸卷 BOLTBU 大桶BUTTBV 加保护球形瓶 BOTTLE, PROTECTED BULBOUS BX 盒 BOXBY 以堆/束/捆形式的板BOARD, IN BUNDLE/BUNCH/TRUSSBZ 以堆/束/捆形式的钢条BARS, IN BUNDLE/BUNCH/TRUSSCA 矩形罐 CAN, RECTANGULAR CB 装啤酒板条箱 BEER CRATE CC 盛奶器 CHURNCE 柳条鱼篮 CREELCF 保险箱 COFFERCG 笼 CAGECH 箱, 柜 CHESTCI 金属罐 CANISTERCJ 屏蔽容器COFFINCK 木桶 CASKCL 圈 COILCN 集装箱CONTAINERCO 未加保护的坛CARBOY, NON-PROTECTE CP 加保护的坛 CARBOY, PROTECTED CQ 罐头 CANCR 板条箱CRATESCS 箱 CASECT 纸板箱CARTONCU 杯 CUPCV 包裹COVERCX 圆柱形罐 CAN, CYLINDRICAL CY 圆筒 CYLINDERCZ 帆布CANVASDB 干电池组 DRY BULKDJ 未加保护细颈坛 DEMIJOHN, NON-PROTECTED DP 加保护细颈坛 DEMIJOHN, PROTECTED DR 金属桶 DRUMEN 包, 封ENVELOPEFC 装水果板条箱 FRUIT CRATE FD 框架板条箱 FRAMED CRATE FI 小桶FIRKINFL 细颈瓶 FLASKFO 底箱 FOOTLOCKER FP 薄膜包装 FILMPACKFR 框架 FRAMEFU 纸桶 FIBER DRUM GA 加仑GALLONGB 气瓶 GAS BOTTLE GC 箱柜 BING CHEST GG 粗麻袋 GUNNY BAGGI (支)袈 GIRDERGL 粗麻包 GUNNY BALEGZ 以堆/束/捆形式的(支柱)架GIRDERS, IN BUNDLE/BUNCH/TRUSSHG 大啤酒桶 HOGSHEAD HR 带盖的篮 HAMPERIC 铁箱 IRON CASEID 铁桶 IRON DRUM IF 铁架 IRON FRAME IN 锭 INGOTIZ 以堆/束/捆形式的锭INGOTS, IN BUNDLE/BUNCH/TRUSSJC 矩形五加仑液体罐JERRICAN, RECTANGULARJG 带柄的水罐 JUGJR 大口瓶 JARJT 黄麻包 JUTEBAGJY 圆柱形五加仑液体罐JERRICAN, CYLINDRICALKG 小桶(小于30加仑) KEGLB 液态空气LIQUID BULKLE 黄土 LOELG 木材 LOGLO 原木 LOGSLS 散装 LOOSELV 吊装货箱 LIFT VANLZ 以堆/束/捆形式的木材LOGS, IN BUNDLE/BUNCH/TRUSSMB 多用包 MULTIPLY BAG MC 装奶板条箱 MILK CRATE MS 多层包MULTIWALL SACK MT 麻袋MATMX 火柴盒 MATCH BOX NE 无包装 UNPACKED OR UNPACKAGED NS 成套器具 NESTNT 网 NETOB 货柜车 CONTAINER BULK CARGOOE 布帽,鸭舌帽 CLOTH BALE OW 工艺编织袋 POLY WOVEN BAG PA 小包裹 PACKETPB 纸袋 PAPER BAG PC 支 PIECEPD 塑料桶 PLASTIC DRUM PE 托盘 PALLETS PG 金属板 PLATEPH 大水瓶 PITCHER PI 管子PIPEPK 包 PACKAGEPL 桶 PAILPN 厚木板 PLANK PO 袋装 POUCH PT 罐POT PU 托盘 TRAY PV 私人汽车 PRIVATE VEHICLE PW 塑料编织袋PLASTIC WOVEN BAG PY 以堆/束/捆形式的金属板PLATES, IN BUNDLE/BUNCH/TRUSSPZ 以堆/束/捆形式的管子PIPES, IN BUNDLE/BUNCH/TRUSSRB 用藤罩保护的大玻璃瓶 CARBOY RC 挂物架 RACKRD 钢筋RODRG 环 RING RL 卷筒 REELRO 卷钢 ROLLRT 红色网REDNET RU 厚纸板桶 CARDBOARD DRUM RX 厚纸板盒CARDBOARD BOX RZ 以堆/束/捆形式的钢筋RODS, IN BUNDLE/BUNCH/TRUSSSA 袋 SACKSC 薄板条箱 SHALLOW CRATESD 轴 SPINDLE SE 海运箱 SEA-CHEST SG 塑料袋PLASTIC BAGSH 小包装袋SACHET SI 垫木SKID SK 箱 SKELETON CASESL 薄衬纸 SLIPSHEET SM 薄板金属 SHEETMETALSP 卷盘（轴）SPOOL SQ 套 SETST 薄板 SHEET SU 手提箱 SUITCASE SW 收缩包装SHRINKWRAPPEDSZ 以堆/束/捆形式的薄板SHEETS, IN BUNDLE/BUNCH/TRUSSTB 盆 TUB TC 茶叶箱 TEA-CHEST TD 管, 可拆(收缩) TTUBE, COLLAPSIBLETK 矩形油箱TANK, RECTANGULARTN 马口铁TIN TO 大桶 TUN TR 衣箱 TRUNK TS 捆 TRUSS TT 大型手提袋 TOTE BINTU 管 TUBE TY 圆柱形油箱TANK, CYLINDRIC ALTZ 以堆/束/捆形式的管TUBES, IN BUNDLE/BUNCH/TRU SSUL 批 BULK UN 单位 UNIT UP 开口包裹 UNPACKET US 车 BUS VA 桶 VAT VG 散装气体(1031毫巴, 15/C) BULK,GAS(AT 1031 MBAR AND 15 /C)VI 小玻璃瓶 VIAL VL 散装液体BULK, LIQUID VN 大蓬货车 VAN VO 散装大粒子(颗粒)固体BULK, SOLID, LARGE PARTICLES("NODULE S")VP 真空包装 VACUUMPACKED VR 散装粗粒子(粉状)固体BULK,SOLID, GRANULAR PARTICLES("GRAI NS")VY 散装微粒子(粉状)固体BULK, SOLID, FINE PARTICLES("POWDERS ")AD 包装盒PACKED AE 按扭式喷雾器瓶 AEROSO LWB 柳条包WICKERBOTTLE WC 木条箱 WOODEN CASE WE 木箱 WOODEN CASE WG 编织袋 WOVEN BAG。
胸外科护士札记范文英文回答：As a nurse in the thoracic surgery department, I have encountered numerous cases and gained valuable experience. In this journal entry, I would like to share some of my observations and reflections.First and foremost, communication skills are crucial in providing effective care to thoracic surgery patients. Many of these patients may be anxious or in pain, and it is important for nurses to establish a rapport and provide reassurance. Clear and concise communication can help alleviate their fears and ensure they understand the treatment plan and post-operative instructions.Additionally, attention to detail is essential in thoracic surgery nursing. From pre-operative assessments to post-operative care, nurses must carefully monitor vital signs, drainage, and wound healing. Any deviation from theexpected progress should be promptly reported to the surgical team. Timely intervention can prevent complications and promote faster recovery.Furthermore, thoracic surgery patients often require specialized care, such as chest tube management and respiratory support. Nurses should be knowledgeable about the different types of chest tubes, their indications, and potential complications. Regular assessment of the drainage system and maintaining aseptic technique during dressing changes are crucial to prevent infections.In addition to technical skills, compassion and empathy are vital in thoracic surgery nursing. Patients undergoing thoracic surgery may experience significant pain, discomfort, and emotional distress. Nurses should provide adequate pain management, offer emotional support, and encourage patients to express their concerns and fears. A caring and empathetic approach can greatly enhance the patient's overall experience and facilitate their recovery.Lastly, teamwork plays a pivotal role in the thoracicsurgery department. Nurses collaborate closely with surgeons, anesthesiologists, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care. Effective communication, mutual respect, and a shared goal of patient-centered care are essential for achieving successful outcomes.In conclusion, working as a nurse in the thoracic surgery department has taught me the importance of communication, attention to detail, specialized knowledge, compassion, and teamwork. These skills are essential in providing high-quality care to thoracic surgery patients.中文回答：作为胸外科护士，我遇到了许多病例并积累了宝贵的经验。
冷敷法对缓解胸腔引流导管拔除后疼痛的效果观察葛引观（平湖市第一人民医院，浙江平湖314200）摘要：目的探讨冷敷法对缓解患者胸腔引流导管拔除后疼痛的效果。
方法将68例放置胸腔引流导管患者分为对照组34例和观察组34例。
对照组患者在胸腔引流导管拔除前采用常规护理方法，观察组患者在对照组基础上实施冷敷法进行护理。
收集患者的人口学资料和既往病史，并通过视觉模拟评分法（Visual Analogue Scale/Score，V AS）在不同时间点测定对照组和观察组患者在胸腔引流导管拔除后的皮肤温度和疼痛强度。
结果观察组患者在实施冷敷法后，无明显不良反应发生。
胸腔引流导管拔除后1分钟，对照组和观察组患者的疼痛强度评分分别为5.74±1.86和3.96±1.57；5分钟后两组疼痛强度评分分别为1.56±0.83和1.20±0.71。
两个时间点上，两组的疼痛强度差异均有统计学意义。
结论冷敷法可以有效缓解胸腔引流导管拔除后的疼痛。
关键词：胸腔引流管；拔除；疼痛；冷敷法；护理Effect of cold application on the pain owing to chest tube removal for patients with pleural chest tube// GE Yin-gua// Pinghu People’s Hospital, Pinghu, Zhejiang, 314200Abstract: Objective To study the effect of cold application on the pain owing to chest tube removal for patients with pleural chest tube.Methods68 patients with pleural chest tube were divided into observation group(n=34) and control group(n=34). Patients in control group received routine nursing care prior to chest tube removal. Cold was applied to patients in the observational group. Pain intensity was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (V AS). Skin temperature and pain intensity was measured for each patient at four time points in the observational group. In the control group, pain intensity was evaluated for each patient at three time points. Results The V AS score measured one minute after removal of the chest tube in the observation group was 3.96±1.57, compared with 5.74±1.86 in the control group. Five minutes after removal of the chest tube, the V AS score were 1.56±0.83 and 1.20±0.71 in the two groups. There were significant differences on pain with cold application between the two groups after intervention. Conclusion Cold application can effectively relieve the pain owing to chest tube removal.Key words: Chest tubes; Removal; Pain; Cold application; Nursing care胸腔引流是指将胸腔导管插入胸腔引流出空气、血液或其他体液，恢复和保持胸内负压，促使肺膨胀、消除胸内残腔，是临床上治疗各种气胸、血胸、脓胸最常用的一种方法，也是开胸手术后必须采用的方法[1, 2]。
chest here口语
摘要：
1.胸部的英语表达
2."chest here"口语表达的含义
3."chest here"口语表达的实际应用场景
正文：
一、胸部的英语表达
在英语中，胸部可以称为"chest"。
"Chest"这个词汇在不同的语境下可以有不同的含义，它既可以指代人体胸部的器官，也可以用来描述箱子、抽屉等物品。
二、"chest here"口语表达的含义
"chest here"是一种口语表达，它的含义是“这里（是）胸部”。
这个表达通常用在需要指示或者描述人体胸部位置的场合。
比如，在医院看病的时候，医生可能会用这个表达来指示病人做检查。
三、"chest here"口语表达的实际应用场景
"chest here"这个口语表达在日常生活和医疗场景中都有广泛的应用。
比如，在日常生活中，如果我们需要指向某人的胸部，就可以使用这个表达。
在医疗场景中，医生、护士可能会用这个表达来指示病人或者同事进行医疗操作。
