语法基础-动词不定式

第十二章动词不定式思维导图知识梳理一、不定式概述动词不定式的基本形式是:“t o+动词原形”,有时可以不带to.不带to的不定式与动词原形同形,但它不是原形,而是一种语法形式.除基本助动词do和情态动词外,英语动词都有不定式形式.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分－主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语.动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.不定式有时态、语态变化(以do为例):动词不定式的句法作用(一)作主语用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.To obey the laws is everyone's duty.服从法律是每个人的职责.How to use the computer is a question.怎么使用计算机是一个问题.How to get there is not decided yet.怎样去那里还没决定下来.点拨(1)在很多情况下,常用it作形式主语,而把真实主语不定式放在谓语之后.It was difficult to sell my car.我的车很难卖掉.It's not known where to stay for the night.在哪里过夜还不知道.(2)如果要表示不定式的动作是谁做的,一般在不定式前加一个for短语.It will be a regret for us not to help him.我们没有帮助他是个遗憾.(3)在某些形容词(如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时,不定式前常可加一个以of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况.It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.(我们)拒绝他们的邀请,会显得无礼.(二)作表语作表语,一般紧跟在系动词,如:be, seem, get等后面,用以说明主语.The question is when to start.问题是什么时候启程.You seem to have lost weight.你好像减肥了.What we have to do first is to find a solution.我们得做的第一件事是找出一个解决办法.点拨当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这个不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义.(三)作宾语能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, begin, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, pretend, start, try, want, wish等.Do you wish to see the manager?你想见经理吗?They decided to learn English hard.他们决定好好学英语.Don't forget to meet me at 6:00.别忘了六点钟和我见面.有些动词,如:tell, advise, show, teach, know, forget, learn , remember, show,understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语.We don't know who(whom)to ask.我们不知道问谁.We asked how to get to the station.我们问怎么到达车站.Have you decided where to go for your holidays?你们决定到哪儿度假了吗?I don't know whether to apply for the job or not?那份工作我不知道申请还是不申请?(四)作定语I have no time to waste.我没有时间可浪费.Let me find a place to park.我来找个停车的地方.He is always the first to come to work and the last to leave.他总是第一个来上班,最后一个走.点拨不定式修饰something, anything, nothing时,放在它们的后面.如果something, anything, nothing 有形容词来修饰,词序是something(nothing...)+形容词＋不定式.My father had something to do.我父亲有事要办.Have you got anything important to buy?你有什么重要的东西要买吗?(五)作状语不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果、原因等.一般放在被修饰词之后,但在表示目的时,为了强调也可放在句首.1.作目的状语为加强语气在否定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组(即:in order to...,so as to...),作状语表示目的.To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.为了能过长寿而健康的生活,我们必须懂得吃均衡的食品.I stayed there so as to see what would happen.我留在那儿,为的是想看看会发生什么事.In order to help him, we would do everything we can.为了帮助他,我们愿意尽一切力量.2.作结果状语表结果,其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语.在“so...as to...”“such...as to..“enough to...”“only to...”以及“too...to...”等结构中的不定式皆表示结果.She is old enough to go to school.她已到了可以上学的年龄了.He was too drunk to drive home.他酩酊大醉,没法开车回家.3.作原因状语She trembled to think of the terrible accident.想到那可怕的车祸,她就不寒而栗.We jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这消息,我们都高兴地跳了起来.(六)宾语补足语1、有很多动词的后面都可以有不定式作宾语补足语常见的这类动词有:advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等.She asked her grandfather to play game with her.她请爷爷跟她一起做游戏.Mother told me to cook the meal.妈妈叫我做饭.2.有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to,这种动词有两类:一类是感觉动词,另一类是使役动词感觉动词:如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等.使役动词:如make, let, have等.Let me do it for you.让我来替你做.Don't let her go out.别让她出去.I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干.(1)动词help之后,复合宾语中的不定式可带to,亦可不带to.在上述动词转换为被动结构时,其后的不定式必须带to.He was seen to enter the theatre.有人看见他走进了剧院.I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业.Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗?(2)感官动词的宾语补足语有两种形式:不带to的不定式和动词-ing形式.I heard Meimei singing in her room when I went past.我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(路过的瞬间正在唱,所以用singing)We often hear Meimei sing in her room.我们经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(经常听见,用不定式)I saw him come in.I saw him coming in.两句话的意思都一样:我看见他进来.用不定式着重于动作的全过程,用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作的进行情况.3.当谓语动词为think, make, find, consider, feel, regard等词,作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在补足语的后面I find it easy to learn English well.我发现要把英语学好很容易.三、不定式的主要句型及注意事项(一)不定式的否定式不定式的否定式:not+不定式,经常和ask(tell)sb. to do sth.句型连用.She asked me not to drive him to the station.她要我不要开车送他到车站.Try not to be late.争取不要迟到.Mary asked me not to give my pen to Jimmy.玛丽让我别把笔给吉米.She decided not to come here again.她决定不再到这儿来.点拨不定式的否定式和否定句的区别:I asked him not to open the door.我让他别把门打开.I didn't ask him to open the door.我没让他把门打开.(二)不定式的进行时态进行式:表示在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行.It's nice to be sitting here with you.在这儿陪你坐着是非常愉快的.It is unwise for him to be talking that topic all the time.他老是谈论这件事,很不明智.(三)不定式的完成时态完成式表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生时已经完成.She said she was sorry to have missed you.她说她没见到你很遗憾.He seemed to have visited our factory.他好像参观过我们的工厂.They appeared to have met before.他们看来以前见过面.(四)动词不定式的被动语态表示被动意义I didn't want to be told about it.我不想被告知这件事.Nothing seems to have been forgotten.似乎什么也没有被遗忘.The building is said to have been destroyed in a fire two years ago.据说这幢大楼两年前已毁于一场大火.在以某些形容词,如kind, good, silly, honest, bad, stupid, bold, clever, cruel,courteous, nice, rude, sensible, tactful, wise, wrong等作表语时,后面需用以“of+名词(或代词宾格)＋不定式”结构,以说明不定式所表示的动作的执行者是谁(即of短语是不定式的逻辑主语).It's very good of you to come.谢谢你的光临.How silly of you (it is)to make such a mistake!你出了这样的差错,多傻啊！It's very kind of you to say so.多谢你这么说.在had better, had best, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner, would sooner...than, cannot but, do nothing but等结构后面的不定式要省略“to”.You had better write it in English.你最好用英文写.I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里.好题精练一、用-ing形式或不定式的适当形式完成句子1.Do you enjoy_________ football?(play)2.Fred didn't have any money, so he decided_________ a job.(take)3.We're going out for dinner, Would you like_________ us?(join)4.The teacher reminded the students_________ their test paper on time.(finish)5.When I was tired, I enjoyed_________ TV.(watch)6.It was a nice day, so the old man agreed_________ for a walk.(go)7.I'm not in a hurry, I don't mind_________.(wait)答案:1.playing2.to take3.to join4.to finish5.watching6.to go7.waiting二、选择括号内所给词组完成句子,注意括号内“go+v.-ing形式”构成固定搭配的用法(go boating; go fishing; go dancing; go running; go skating; go hunting; go singing)1.She's a good dancer. She always_________ on Saturday.2.I've got a gun. I'll_________ with that strong hunter next weekend.3.“Where is Tim?”“He has. _________ He always runs in the morning.”4.We have enough fish to eat. Our father_________ every day.答案:1.goes dancing2.go hunting3.gone running4.goes fishing三、仿照示例改写下列句子示例:It is very interesting to play baseball.→ To play baseball is very interesting.1.lt was not polite to speak that way before Mr. Lee.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.It can be quite easy to travel by air.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.lt will be no problem to arrive there before noon.____________________________________________________________________________________________4.To make those strangers believe us was so difficult.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.To help Tom speak Chinese well is not at all easy.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.To speak that way before Mr. Lee was not polite.2.To travel by air can be quite easy.3.To arrive there before noon will be no problem.4.It was so difficult to make those strangers believe us.5.It is not at all easy to help Tom (to) speak Chinese well.四、选择填空1. _________ the bookstore, he stopped_________ a few books.A. Passing; buyingB. Passing; to buyC. To pass; buyingD. Having passed; to buy2.Bruce,look at your dirty shoes, You'd better_________ them right now.A. washedB. washingC. washD. to wash3. _________ the room, I found the computer_________.A. Entering; stealingB. Entering; stolenC. To enter; stealD. To enter; stealing4.We've worked hard for nearly one hour. Let's stop_________ a rest now.A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. have had5.My mother always tells me not_________ to the net bars(网吧)．A. goB. to goC. goesD. going6.The teacher asked us_________ English for half an hour in the morning.A. reads B reading C. to read D. read7.You will have to get up early tomorrow. Stop_________ TV, Peter.A. watchesB. watchC. to watchD. watching8.I find it hard_________ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns9.The teacher asked John_________ a short talk in our class meeting.A. giveB. to giveC. gaveD. giving10.The girl was too poor_________ a houseA. to buy; to live inB. to buy ;to liveC. buy; to liveD. buying; living in11.It was very late at night, but Mr. Brown still went on_________.A. works B .worked C. working D. work12.Remember_________ him about it before he goes away.A. tellB. to tellC. tellingD. to telling13.Lin Tao is strong enough_________ the big box.A. carryB. to carryC. carryingD. carries14.Her mother told her_________ in bed.A. not readB. not to readC. don't readD. to not read15.When class began, we stopped_________ to the teacher carefully.A. listeningB. listenC. listens D .to listen16.You'd better_________ the cinema by bus.A. don't goB. to goC. to go toD. go to17.What did the manager_________ you to_________ at the meeting?A. tell; sayB. ask; speakC. tell; speakD. ask; talk18.Tom was let_________ in the gate house.A. waitB. to waitC. waitingD. to have waited19.Mr.Hu has enough time_________ the job in two days.A. finishB. to finishC. finishingD. finished20.Look,the building_________ is our library.A. is repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repairing21. _________ no money, I could not buy this coat.A. HaveB. HavingC. To haveD. Have had22.The teacher has something important_________ us.A. to tellB. tellsC. tellingD. told23.Li Ming didn't know_________ next.A. to do whatB. what to doC. how to doD. what do24.I'd love_________ to your birthday party.A. comeB. cameC. to comeD. comes25.It took me two hours_________ by bus.A. to get thereB. to get to thereC. get thereD. get to there答案:1-5BCBBB 6-10CDCBA11-15CBBBD 16-20DABBB21-25 BABCA五、改正下列句子的错误1.He seems to not hear from her.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.I hope see you soon.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I made them to give the money back.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The scientist gave us some advice on how learning English.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.No one noticed him to leave the room.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Have you given up to smoke?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.We found him waited at the school gate.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Why not to turn off the light?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.She didn't want me go.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.I don't know to swim.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.China is a developed country belonging to the third world.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.It's getting dark. We have to find a hotel to live.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.He said he had an important meeting to attended.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.They don't allow that people smoke.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.It's difficult sell my car.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.He seems not to...2.I hope to see...3.I made them give...4....how to learn...5....him leave...6....given up smoking?7...him waiting...8.Why not turn off...9.She didn't want me to go.10.I don't know how to swim.11....a developing...12....to live in13....to attend.14. ...people to smoke.15...to sell my car.。

语法规则-动词不定式学习必备欢迎下载(一) 动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果用法总结1. 作目的状语: I came here to see you. To stop the train, pull the lever downwards.目的状语还可以用如下表达法：肯定：to in order to+ 动词原形so as toI come to see her. = I come in order to see her. = I come so as to see her.that so that+ 主语 + may/might + 动词原形in order thatI come that I may see her. = I come in order that I may see her. = I come so that I may see her.否定： not to in order not to so as not to+ 动词原形that so that+ 主语 + may/might + not + 动词原形in order thatHe went away not to see me.= He went away in order not to see me.= He went away so as not to see me.= He went away in order that he might not see me.= He went away that he might not see me.= He went away so that he might not see me.in order to, in order that 和 so as to, so that 的区别 in order to 可以用在句首或句末，但 so as to 只能用在句末。

如：He got up very early in order to/so as to catch the first bus. In order to catch the first bus, he got up very early.（此时不能用so as to） so as to 和 in order to 的汉语意思应该是一样的“为的是，为了”。

动词不定式用法举要学习动词不定式时要特别注意以下几点：一、后接不定式的动词1.后接不定式做宾语的动词hope, agree, dare, decide, determine begin, start, refuse, prepare, offer, manage, try, aim, forget, remember ，choose , seem, pretend, learn, love, hate等。

(可记：希望同意敢决定，开始拒绝备提供，设法瞄准忘记选，似乎假装学爱憎。

)2.后接不定式作宾补的动词permit, request, allow, command, tell, invite, cause, encourage, warn, adivse, persuade, force, order, remind, teach等。

(可记首字母：practice wap fort 实践攻克堡垒。

)3.后接不定式既作宾语又可作宾补的动词ask,beg,like,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect等。

（可记：请求、愿、助、诺、希望。

）二、不定式省略to的现象：1.在had better, would rather, why not…,do nothing but, would rather…than以及情态动词后。

如：Tom would rather play tennis than swim.I could do nothing but wait for you.2.在see,hear,watch,notice,feel,observe,let,make,have等感官动词和使役动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补，但当这些动词为被动时其后的不定式必须带to.如： He saw two men enter the room.I was made to do it.三、不定式的否定式否定不定式时，否定副词not或never, seldom, hardly等要置于to前。

英语语法-动词不定式的特征1、不定式可以有动词的特征，即不定式有时态和语态的变化：①一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与限定动词动作同时发生或发生在限定动词动作之后。

I'm glad to meet you.很高兴见到你。

（glad与meet两个动作同时发生）He seems to know a lot.他好像知道很多。

（seem与know两个动作同时发生）He wants to be an artist.他想做一名艺术家。

（to be an artist这个动作发生在want之后）②进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与限定动词动作同时发生。

The boy pretended to be working hard.男孩假装正在努力工作。

They seem to be discussing problems in the room.他们好像在房间里讨论问题。

③完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词动作之前。

I regretted to have told the truth.我后悔说实话了。

（to have told发生在regret之前）I happened to have seen the film.我碰巧看过这部电影。

（to have seen发生在happen之前）④被动式：To be obeyed was natural to her.她天性要别人听命于她。

The book is intended to be read and not to be torn. 这书是供人阅读而不是供人撕毁的。

2、不定式也有名词性质不定式的名词性质表现在：在句中可作主语、宾语等。

To be content with little is true happiness.知足常乐。

（做主语）The man,without fuss,agreed to serve as witness.这个人没有异议，同意作证人。

动词不定式一、动词不定式的基本形式肯定式：to＋动词原形否定式：not to＋动词原形（to是不定式符号、标志，无意义，可以不翻译。

）二、动词不定式的特征动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。

动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。

三、动词不定式的用法1. 不定式作宾语能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物动词）很多，构成vt.(及物动词)＋to do sth. 结构。

常见的有：want, like, wish, hate, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect , remember, forget等。

eg. He wanted to borrow my CD players. 他想借我的CD播放机。

His brother is learning to drive. 他弟弟正在学驾驶。

I hope to speak English well. 我希望讲好英语。

动词不定式作宾语其后又有补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。

eg. I find it difficult to learn physics. 我发现学习物理很难。

2. 不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式位于及物动词的宾语后，补充说明宾语，作补足语。

构成vt.＋sb.＋（not）to do sth. 结构。

常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词结构有want sb.to do, ask sb.to do, tell sb.to do, order sb.to do, get sb.to do, wish sb.to do, allow sb.to do, invite sb.to do, teach sb.to do, encourage sb.to do, beg sb.to do等。

第十一讲动词不定式一、构成与特征动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式, 由“to + 动词原形”构成, 在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用, 同时也保留动词的一些特征, 可以带宾语或状语, 等等。

例如:He t ried to work out the problem in f ive minutes . 他试图在五分钟之内算出这道题。

(带宾语和状语)I am sorry to have kept you waiting . 对不起, 让您久等了。

(完成式)I am glad to have been given a chance to visit your country . 我很高兴有机会访问贵国。

(完成时, 被动语态)不定式在许多场合具有情态意义。

作主语时, 相当于一个带有情态动词的主语从句; 作定语时, 相当于一个带有情态动词的定语从句; 作宾语时, 相当于一个带有情态动词的宾语从句; 作目的状语时, 相当于由so that 或in order that 引导的目的状语从句。

例如: It is right for her to say so . ( = It is right that she should say so .)He has a lot of work to do . ( = . . .that he should/ must do .)I don..t know where to get the ticket . ( = . . .where I could get the ticket .)She opened the door for the children to come in . ( = . . .so that the children might comein .)二、功能1 . 作主语To hesitate means failure . 犹豫不决就意味着失败。

⾼中英语语法复习动词不定式的⽤法动词不定式专题复习动词不定式的形式：动词不定式的⽤法1.不定式作主语⑴原则上，可⽤动词不定式直接作句⼦的主语，通常⽤it作句⼦的形式主语，⽽把不定式移到后⾯，形成“It + 谓语… + 动词不定式…”的句型。

如：To catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.It is not a good idea to catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning.To learn a foreign language well takes painstaking efforts.It takes painstaking efforts to learn a foreign language well.⑵若要说明不定式的动作的执⾏者，可以在不定式前⾯加上“for + 名词或代词”结构，或是“of + 名词或代词”结构。

It is a great pleasure for me to talk with him. It is very kind of you to help me .⑶可⽤于“of + 名词/代词 + 动词不定式”结构中作主语补⾜语的形容词是指那些可以表⽰⼈或事物的性质或品质的好坏的形容词。

这些词如：careful， cruel， foolish， bold， brave， good， honest， kind， rude，polite， nice，stupid， selfish，silly， wicked， wise， thoughtful， wrong等。

2.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种情况：⼀是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，⼆是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。

⑴“动词+带to的不定式”结构：常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford， appear， agree， ask， believe，decide， demand，desire， fail， hope， intend，learn， mean， offer， promise，refuse， wish等。

初中英语语法（动词不定式）1．不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略.动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing，to have written），也有被动态（如to be written)，所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。

助动词除be和have外，没有不定式形式。

动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

2．不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1。

Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago．2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge．在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。

如:1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago．2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time．不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过for sb. to do sth。

结构表达：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review．2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate,foolish,good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等）作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．2。

初二语法：动词不定式不定式就是“to+动词原型”，不定式在英文中可以充当很多成分。

下面我们就一起来看一看不定式的几种用法。

一、不定式做主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，不定式的位置有两种(1)不定式位于句首。

如：T o go to school by bike takes me half an hour every day.我每天花半个小时骑车上学。

(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式放在句子的后面，常用于下列句式中.如：①It＋be＋名词＋to doIt's a good idea to go to the park on a nice day.天气好去公园是个好主意。

T o go to the park on a nice day is a good idea.就显得主语过长，句子头重脚轻，因而使用形式主语更利于清楚表达句子的结构。

②It＋be＋形容词＋for sb.＋to doIt is so hard for a kid to answer a difficult question like this.回答这样一个难题对于一个孩子来说太难了。

③It＋be＋形容词＋of sb.＋to doIt is nice of you to tak e care of my cat when I’m busy.你真好能在我忙的时候照顾我的猫。

difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary+forcareless,clever,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise+of常见的区分for和of的例句还有这样一对：It’s good for you to drink some water every day.It’s very good of you to help me.④It tak es/took sb.+some time+to do sth.It took him only15minutes to finish his homework.二、不定式做宾语(1)下面这些动词后面，只能跟不定式做宾语afford（付得起），agr ee（同意），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt（试图），choose（决定），decide（决定），determine（决心），expect（期待），fail（未履行），hesitate（犹豫），hope（希望），learn（学会），manage（设法），offer（主动提出），plan（计划），prep are （准备），pr e te nd（假装），promise（答应），refuse（拒绝），want（想要）如：He ask ed his mom to buy him a new bicycle.他要求妈妈给他买一辆新自行车。

第五章动词不定式（一）动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。

动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。

它还可以有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。

同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。

一、动词不定式的特征和种类动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。

A．不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。

He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。

（同时发生）To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。

（to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后）B．不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。

I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。

C．不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。

I'm sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。

I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 我本来想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感觉身体不舒服。

It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 对我来说，被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。

动词不定式的语法总结动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，是英语中常见的一种语法，学生一定要做好总结，拿下这个知识点。

小编为大家力荐了动词不定式常用的语法总结，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!动词不定式的七种用法动词不定式的基本形式为to+动词原形.1.动词不定式做主语.谓语用第三人称单数形式.如果主语较长则用it做形式主语,将真正的主语动词不定式放到句尾.egTo see is to believe.It's a bad habit to run after dinner.2 做表语.the important things is to save lives.3 做宾语he likes to play with children.4做宾语补足语.形容词做宾补时.常用it做形式宾语.把真正的宾语放到宾补之后.he feels it happy to help others.5做定语she asked me to help her with her English.6做状语you are never too old to learn.(结果状语)7特殊疑问词+动词不定式.I am thinking about what to say.动词的不定式的用法口诀①不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。

②没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。

③主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。

④not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。

⑤疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。

⑥仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。

动词不定式专题练习1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producingB. to produceC. having producedD. produced2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I don’t know whether you happen_______ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.A .to tellB .to be toldC .tellingD .told6. You were silly not _______your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked7. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.A. to shareB. to have sharedC. shareD. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbedB. to have been robbedC. being robbedD. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ________ina fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine _________?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.A. wait, to comeB. wait; comeC. waiting; comingD. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving18. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble.A. makingB. to makeC. to have madeD. having made19. I remember _______him _______the bike needed __________.A. hearing, saying, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairingD. to hear, saying, to be repaired20. --- You should have thanked her before you left.--- I meant _________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.。

专题09 重点语法复习（动词不定式作主语和表语）动词不定式1. 基础知识动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to +动词原形”,其中to 不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。

一、动词不定式的时态和语态(1) 动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。

作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数。

特别注意：很多情况下，作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。

To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。

(2) 若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。

it作形式主语时，有三种情况：①常用形容词作它的表语。

真正的主语不定式通常有逻辑主语，一般用for短语来表示，即for sb. to do sth.(其中sb.就是to do的逻辑主语)。

如：It's important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。

特别注意：It+be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.结构中for不能用of来代替，当表语形容词表示主语的性质或特征时，则不用for，而用of(sb.to do sth.)。

如：It's very kind of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了。

(可以说：You are very kind)②有时也接名词作表语。

如：It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.乘坐宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。

③it作形式主语时，还常用于“It takes (took /will take) sb. some time (money) to do sth.”句型中。

动词不定式7．1不定式作宾语1) 动词+ 不定式afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake举例：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3）动词+疑问词+ todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。