定语从句归纳
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定语从句归纳总结定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
在主句中充当定语成分。
被修饰的词叫先行词。
1. 定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2. 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3. 定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词之后。
4. 引导词:引导定语从句的词。
关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as关系畐U词:when/where/why5. 引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前。
【as除外】6. 引导词的功能:连接先行词和定语从句。
在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
7. 定语从句的类型:限定性定语从句。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you ' re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词引导The man to whom you ' re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write aletter.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whomI talked at the meeting is from BeijingUniversity.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to wasbuilt in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was builtin the 17th century.非限定性定语从句。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句。
定语从句一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as/whose﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why4.关系词的功能:﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语、宾语或表语,关系副词充当状语)。
5.定语从句的类型:(限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
He always makes fun of me, which upsets me.2.非限定性定语从句的作用:它只是补充说明先行词的情况,翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.(那位工程师被很快送往医院,其腿部受了重伤)The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)二、关系代词1.who/that指人,作定语从句的主语,不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?2.whom/who/that指人是宾格,作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。
①当作动宾(动词后接宾语)时,关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?②当作介宾(介词后接宾语)时:介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;介词提前时,关系代词不可省The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.※注:固定的动词短语(动词+介词)如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开,既介词不能提至引导词前。
定语从句(the attributive clause )一.什么叫定语从句?一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二.定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构:关系词 +主语+谓语+其它2. 种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三.关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词: who ,whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词: when ,where ,why四.关系词的功用1.起连接作用,引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。
五.什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六.关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who 。
The boy who is standingover there is Tom.He who doesn ’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选w h o m.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose. This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that. 另外,that 可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which ,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that6.下列情况下,关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything 时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③ 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤ 当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词,前面有序数词或last 修饰时This is the last time that I ’ll give y oupocket m o n e y.⑦ 尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。
初中英语语法——定语从句用法总结归纳定语从句是一种引导句,用来修饰主句中的其中一元素,它可以放在
句子的末尾也可以放在句子的中间,它可以表示人或物的属性、行为,也
可以表示特定的时间、地点,其可以紧挨主语或主句元素。
关于定语从句
用法,可以总结如下:
一、定语从句的关系词
1. 一般情况下,用that 或which来引导定语从句。
2. 当定语从句修饰人的时候,用who或whom来代替that或which。
二、定语从句的排列方式
1.无论是放在句首、句中还是句末,定语从句的顺序是:关系词+主
语+谓语+其他成分。
2.在句尾,定语从句可以省略关系词,但同时必须有清楚的上下文逻
辑关系,以保证语意的正确表达。
三、定语从句使用的特殊情况
1. 当定语从句改变主句的主语时,要使用as 引导定语从句。
2. 当定语从句修饰不明确的物体时,可以用whatever, whichever, who或whom来引导定语从句。
3. 当定语从句的内容被省略时,可以用all, some, any, none, little, few, much, many等来引导定语从句。
定语从句知识点归纳定语从句是汉语语法中的一种重要句法结构,用来修饰名词或代词,进一步限定或说明其具体的内容。
定语从句在句子中起到修饰作用,使句子更加丰富、准确和具体。
本文将对定语从句的知识点进行归纳和总结。
一、定语从句的基本概念定语从句是由一个引导词引导的从句,在句子中充当定语的作用。
定语从句一般放在被修饰词的后面,来修饰或限定该词。
引导词有关系代词和关系副词两种,常见的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose,以及关系副词:when, where, why。
二、关系代词的选择1. 关系代词"that"的使用:"that"可以用来修饰人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,用来引导限定性定语从句。
2. 关系代词"which"的使用:"which"用来修饰物,在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或介词宾语,用来引导非限定性定语从句。
3. 关系代词"who"和"whom"的使用:"who"用来修饰人,在定语从句中作主语,引导限定性定语从句。
"whom"用来修饰人,在定语从句中作宾语,引导限定性定语从句。
4. 关系代词"whose"的使用:"whose"用来修饰人或物,在定语从句中表示所属关系,引导非限定性定语从句。
三、关系副词的使用1. 关系副词"when"的使用:"when"用来修饰表示时间的名词,在定语从句中作状语,引导非限定性定语从句。
2. 关系副词"where"的使用:"where"用来修饰表示地点的名词,在定语从句中作状语,引导非限定性定语从句。
3. 关系副词"why"的使用:"why"用来修饰表示原因的名词,在定语从句中作状语,引导非限定性定语从句。
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它用于修饰名词或代词,起到限定或说明的作用。
定语从句通常由关系词引导,关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和精确。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词who、whom、whose、which和that关系代词who、whom、whose、which和that用于引导限定性定语从句,它们在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
- who和whom用于指人,who在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语。
例句:The woman who is speaking to Tom is our teacher.例句:The woman to whom Tom is speaking is our teacher.- whose用于表示所属关系,可以指人也可以指物。
例句:The man whose car broke down is waiting for help.- which用于指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
例句:The book which you gave me is very interesting.- that也可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
that通常不用于非限定性定语从句。
例句:The bike that is parked over there is mine.2. 关系代词which和as引导的非限定性定语从句关系代词which和as用于引导非限定性定语从句,它们在从句中充当主语或宾语。
非限定性定语从句通常用逗号与主句隔开,且不能省略。
- which引导的非限定性定语从句。
例句:My car, which is ten years old, is still in good condition.- as引导的非限定性定语从句,通常用于指代整个主句。
例句:As is known to us, knowledge is power.二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when、where和why用于引导限定性定语从句,它们在从句中充当状语。
定语从句知识点归纳1.定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词,从而对它进行说明或限定。
2. 定语从句通常由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that引导,也可以由关系副词where, when, why引导。
3.定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后,形成一个整体结构,不能独立存在。
4.定语从句中的谓语动词根据先行词在定语从句中的成分确定时态和语态。
5. 定语从句的关系代词引导的根据在意义和格的不同,可分为人和物两类。
who, whom, whose用于人,which, that用于物。
6.定语从句中的先行词可以是人也可以是物,先行词需在定语从句中扮演一个名词的角色。
7. 关系代词who, whom, which, that在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
8. 关系代词who, whom可以在定语从句中指代人的先行词作主语或宾语,它们的区别在于who做主语时指代的是动作的执行者,whom做宾语时指代的是动作的承受者。
9. 关系代词which, that在定语从句中可以指代物的先行词作主语或宾语。
10. 关系代词whose用于指代人或物的所有关系,相当于“人的”或“物的”。
11. 关系副词where引导定语从句,修饰地点,相当于介词+关系代词的形式,如in which, at which,等。
12. 关系副词when引导定语从句,修饰时间,相当于介词+关系代词的形式,如on which, at which,等。
13. 关系副词why引导定语从句,修饰原因,相当于介词+关系代词的形式,如for which,等。
14.在定语从句中,关系代词和关系副词可以省略,但要根据具体语境决定是否省略。
15. 在定语从句中,关系代词that和关系副词where,when,why常用于限制性定语从句中,关系代词which,who,whom和关系副词可以用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中。
定语从句知识总结归纳(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
如: 1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. (二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词,这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点(一)当先行词有最高级,序数词修饰,是不定代词,或是all, no, only等形式时,关系代词一般用that,而不能用which。
定语从句复习一、语法知识归纳定语从句( Attributive Clause) 句子作定语叫做定语从句。
定语从句放在先行词之后。
Ⅰ定语从句的引导词:关系代词和关系副词。
1. 关系代词(Relative pronoun)Do you still remember the chicken farm (that) we visited three months ago?I live in the house whose window faces the street. (=I live in the house the window of which faces the street.)2. 关系副词We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.Ⅱ定语从句的分类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句(一)限制性定语从句的基本特征:限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
从句与先行词之间没有逗号。
He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has more than two sons.)(二)限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法1. that, which当先行词指物,并且关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时,用which/that引导定语从句。
在限制性定语从句中有些情况下只能用关系代词that,不用which。
(1) 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。
You should hand in all that you have.(2) 当先行词前面被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时。
定语从句语法知识归纳一、基本概念(一)定语从句在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(二)先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
(三)关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切,因此紧跟先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有:who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外,as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有:when, where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
一.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词的用法(一)基本用法根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。
如下表:例如:(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? (作主语)②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. (作主语)③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. (作宾语)④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. (作宾语)⑤The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. (作定语)注意:关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。
(见上例③④)(二)关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时,一般可以通用。
定语从句知识点归纳一、定语从句的定义定语从句(Adjective Clause)又称定语性从句,是由关系代词和关系副词所引导的,修饰名词或代词的一个从句。
定语从句一般在句中充当定语,但也有某些句型会将它置于句首,起补充说明之用。
二、定语从句中引导词的分类定语从句引导词有关系代词(口语中称为“指示代词”)和关系副词。
1.关系代词:定语从句中常用的关系代词有:who,whom,whose,which,that。
(1)who,whom,that指人,作主语、宾语均可。
(2)whose指人,作定语,表示所有格或“某人的”。
(3)which指物,特指物;作主语、宾语或表语;不可指人。
定语从句的关系副词主要有where,when,why,以及how,且多放于句首。
关系副词where(地点)、when(时间)指一段日期和地点,why(原因)指原因;how(方式)指方式、程度、顺序等。
三、空位句式定语从句中只有关系词,且关系词前无先行词时,叫做空位句式。
关系词就是用来做定语从句补充说明和替换先行词,所以如果没有先行词,关系词就有空位,里面什么都没有。
这种句式得特别注意:关系代词只能用that,不能既用which又用that,也对关系副词没有特别要求。
四、定语从句的用法及归纳定语从句一般在句中充当定语,但也有某些句型会将它置于句首,起补充说明之用,所以用法也就分为两大类:定语从句用法和补充说明用法。
(一)定语从句用法先行词用来修饰它所引导的定语从句,表示关系。
对于关系代词,依据作用位置和性质,分为定语从句作名词性定语,形容词性定语,和状语性定语:1、名词性定语,即修饰句中的名词或代词,先行词一般为名词和代词。
3、状语性定语,先行词一般为动词、形容词、副词,表示“时间、原因、地点、方式、条件、目的等状语”,关系代词一般是when, where, why, how等。
(二)补充说明用法定语从句也可用作补充说明,其用法也分两种:1、空位句式作补充说明,即在句首加入关系代词或副词,将定语从句放在句首,表示补充说明,而不定语性。
定语从句讲解与归纳一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2. 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词,根据它在定语从句中所充当的成分将引导4.定语从句的关系词分为:关系代词和关系副词.Eg. He is the boy who often goes to school late.⑴关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语(whose)等成分。
⑵关系副词有where, when, why等在定语从句中充当状语成分。
⑶关系词常有3个作用:1.引导定语从句。
2.代替先行词。
3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
(关系词在从句中代替先行词1. 关系词本身没有词义,代替先行词的词义2. 必须充当定语从句中的一个成分。
)二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
定语从句的用法归纳总结
定语从句是一种修饰前面名词或代词的从句,通常用来进一步说明和限定它所修饰的名词或代词。
以下是定语从句的用法归纳总结:
1. 定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,常见的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose等;常见的关系副词有:where, when, why等。
2. 如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语,其引导词将根据引导的句子在人称、数方面发生变化,例如:who, whom, whose用来修饰人,which 用来修饰物,that可以修饰人或物。
3.定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后,注意修饰的是前面整个名词短语或代词短语,而不仅仅是名词本身。
4.定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句尾,但要注意与先行词的位置关系。
5.关系代词在定语从句中既作引导词,也充当句子成分。
如果在定语从句中作宾语,则可以省略。
6.定语从句中的动词时态主要根据句子的时态决定,一般使用一般时态。
但如果前面有表示过去的时间状语,通常使用过去时。
7. 引导定语从句的关系副词中,where用来修饰地点,在定语从句中作地点状语;when用来修饰时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;why用来修饰原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
8.记住定语从句的主要功能是限定和修饰名词或代词,使句意更加明确,提供更多的信息。
定语从句语法归纳总结
定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句。
一般来说,定语从句在句子中充当形容词的角色,对先行词进行进一步的描述或限定。
定语从句的引导词主要有以下几种:
1. 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that;
2. 关系副词:where, when, why。
定语从句的一般句型为:
先行词+关系代词/关系副词+句子主干
定语从句的位置可以是先行词的后面,也可以是先行词的前面。
如果是将定语从句放在先行词后面,需要使用逗号将两者分隔开。
如果是将定语从句放在先行词前面,不需要使用逗号。
关系代词的用法:
1. who: 指人,作主语或宾语;
2. whom: 指人,作宾语;
3. whose: 指人或物,表示所有关系;
4. which: 指物,作主语或宾语;
5. that: 指人或物,作主语或宾语,用于限定性定语从句。
关系副词的用法:
1. where: 指地点,用于限定性定语从句;
2. when: 指时间,用于限定性定语从句;
3. why: 指原因,用于限定性定语从句。
不同引导词的选择要根据先行词的性质和在定语从句中的所起的作用来决定。
除了基本的定语从句结构外,还有一些特殊的定语从句结构,如限制性定语从句中的省略、非限制性定语从句的用法等。
定语从句在英语中是非常常用的一种句型,掌握好定语从句的用法可以提高句子的表达能力,并且帮助我们更准确地描述和限定名词或代词。
定语从句知识总结与归纳(一)结构限定性定语从句:先行词+关系词+定语从句非限定性定语从句:先行词,关系词+定语从句(二)关系词关系代词:that;who;which;whose关系副词:when;where;why w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m说明先行词的内容指:人;关系代词用:that;who先行词指:物,用关系代词:which;whose表示:先行词和从句中的第一个词为从属关系,表示……的……;that;who;which在定语从句中做主语或宾语;关系副词:when;where;why在定语从句中做时间,地点,原因状语;表示:“在那时”;“在那里”和“为什么”The bright star which is shining just above the roof is called Sirius.The people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned in history book at all.We saw a church among the trees, whose tower(the tower of which)was clear against the blue sky.She adopted a child whose parents are dead.He came at six, when I am usually in the garden.Would you please give us a reason why you are late for class ?关系词前面可以带有介词、限定词,结构为:限定词(Both;Many;All等)of which / whom…介词(in;on;at;for等)+which / whom …He felt that his pupils, most of whom lived in the towns, should get to know the wonders of the countryside.This is the road by which we came.(三)先行词指“物”时,关系代词只能用that不能用which的情况,先行词的特点是:1. 先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰2. 先行词是不定代词3. 先行词有only;any;few;little;no;none;all;very 等词修饰4. 先行词既有“人”也有“物”You should hand in all that you have.The only thing that we can do is to wait patiently.This is the last train that goes to Beijing.(四)way 后面的定语从句:the way + in which / that /省略/+定语从句I don’t understand the way in which / that /—/ they worked out this problem.(五)as 引导的定语从句,句型:1. such +先行词as +定语从句:像……一样/之类的……2. the same +先行词as +定语从句:和……一样的……3. as +定语从句,主句:正如……一样He is not the same as he was.We have found such materials as are used in their factory.As is expected, he has been absent.She has read widely in Romantic literature, as appears from her essay.(六)定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词的形式一致。
定语从句的相关知识点归纳定语从句的相关知识点归纳在现实学习生活中,说到知识点,大家是不是都习惯性的重视?知识点是传递信息的基本单位,知识点对提高学习导航具有重要的作用。
掌握知识点有助于大家更好的学习。
以下是店铺收集整理的定语从句的相关知识点归纳,希望能够帮助到大家。
定语从句的相关知识点归纳1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有WHAT;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:①连接作用,引导定语从句。
②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
3.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
4、先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
关系代词引导的定语从句举例关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1、who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who做主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。
定语从句归纳定语从句是汉语中一种重要的修饰结构,通过引入一个从句来修饰名词或代词,起到限定、描述或者补充说明的作用。
在句子中,定语从句通常位于被修饰成分的后面。
本文将对定语从句的用法、分类和注意事项进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的用法定语从句用于对名词或代词进行修饰,进一步说明其特征、性质、状态等。
它可以起到详细描述、限制范围、区分概念等作用。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,如关系代词“关系代词引导定语从句的用法,如“that, which, who, whom, whose”,以及关系副词“when, where, why”。
在选择关系代词时,需要根据被修饰成分在定语从句中的成分和在主句中的成分来确定。
二、定语从句的分类1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句通常修饰人或物,并且在从句中充当一个成分。
不同的关系代词有各自的特点和适用范围。
- that: 用于非限定性定语从句,修饰人或物,可以指代人或物,用于所有地方和人或物。
- which: 用于非限定性定语从句,修饰动物或物体,可以指代动物或物体。
- who: 用于非限定性定语从句,修饰人,用于主语或宾语。
- whom: 用于非限定性定语从句,修饰人,作宾语。
- whose: 用于非限定性定语从句,表示所属关系。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句通常修饰时间、地点或原因,并在从句中起引导副词短语的作用。
- when: 用于修饰时间的定语从句。
- where: 用于修饰地点的定语从句。
- why: 用于修饰原因的定语从句。
三、定语从句的注意事项1. 关系代词的选择:根据被修饰成分在定语从句中的成分和在主句中的成分来选择合适的关系代词。
2. 从句的位置:定语从句通常位于被修饰词的后面,但有时也可以放在前面,这时需要使用逗号隔开主句和从句。
3. 语序的变化:定语从句中的主语和谓语动词的顺序不变,但其他成分的位置可能发生变化。
定语从句一、定义:在复合句中充当定语功能的从句叫定语从句。
二、结构:先行词+引导词+句子三、先行词:被修饰限制的对象叫先行词,由名词和代词充当。
四、引导词:引导定语从句的关系词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类。
关系代词有:that , which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词有:when, where, why, as五、分析定语从句的步骤:1、找出主句和从句;2、找出先行词和引导词;3、正确理解先行词和引导词在意义上的关系;4、分析从句的句子成分。
A.限制性定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句1.That 引导定语从句eg.1. The man (that is standing there) is my brother.Step1:主句:The man is my brother.从句:that is standing thereStep 2:先行词:the man 引导词:thatStep3: the man=thatStep4: that 在从句中作主语结论1:在从句中可作主语,可指人。
eg.2 The man (that you saw in the garden yesterday) is my brother.Step1:主句:The man is my brother.从句:that you saw in the garden yesterdayStep 2:先行词:the man 引导词:thatStep3: the man=thatStep4: that 在从句中作及物动词saw的宾语结论2:在从句中还可作宾语,可指人。
eg.3 The book (that is on the desk) is mine.Step1:主句:The book is mine.从句:that is on the deskStep 2:先行词:the book 引导词:thatStep3: the book=thatStep4: that 在从句中作主语结论3:在从句中可作主语,可指事物eg.4. The book (that you bought yesterday) is very useful.Step1:主句:The book is very useful.从句:that you bought yesterdayStep 2:先行词:the book 引导词:thatStep3: the book=thatStep4: that 在从句中作及物动词bought的宾语结论4:在从句中还可作宾语,可指事物。
一.什么叫定语从句?一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二.定语从句的结构及种类1.结构:关系词+主语+谓语+其它2.种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三.关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词:who,whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词:when,where,why四.关系词的功用1.起连接作用,引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。
五.什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六.关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who。
The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选whom.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that. 另外,that可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother. 5.which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that6.下列情况下,关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③当先行词被all, some, any修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥ time 作先行词,前面有序数词或last修饰时This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.⑦尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。
He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago⑧以 who开头的特殊疑问句,尽管先行词指人。
Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ?⑨当先行词包括人和物时。
7. 下列情况下,关系词只能选which①在非限制性定语从句中。
This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday.②先行词不是一个词,而是前面整个句子的概念时The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy.③当先行词指物,用“介词+which”This is the pen with which I often write.8. asAs 引导定语从句时,有四种情况。
As在句中作主语,宾语。
① as 单独引导定语从句。
As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.② the same …as…与…一样I have the same idea as you.③ such… as…和…一样Don’t read such a book as you can’t understand.④ as…as…和…一样In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can.9. where①当先行词是指地点的名词,而且关系副词在句中作状语时,选where,where=介词+whichThis is the classroom where we study.②尽管先行词是指地点的名词,但关系词在句中作主语,宾语时,只能选that/which.This is the factory that/which makes paperThis is the factory(that/which) we visited yesterday.③尽管先行词是指地点的名词,关系词在句中作主语,宾语,但非限制性定语从句只能用whichThis is the school, which he visited.④ the one 是代词,代替前面的名词,其后的that/which 往往省略。
Is this factory the one you visited?⑤当situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名词,关系词在句中作状语时,选whereYou’d better make a mark where you have any questions.⑥尽管先行词是指地点的名词,关系词在句中作状语,但定语从句末有介词时,选which。
This is the lab which we do experiments in.10.when①当先行词是指时间的名词,而且关系副词在句中作状语时,选when,when=介词+whichWe will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith.②尽管先行词是指时间的名词,但关系词在句中作主语,宾语时,选that或which。
Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday.We will never forget the days (that/which) we spent with him.③尽管先行词是指时间的名词,关系词在句中作主语,宾语,但非限制性定语从句只能选which。
Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday.④ one 作替代词,代替前面表示时间的名词,其后的that/which往往省略。
That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever.⑤ time作先行词,前面有序数词或last时,只能选that。
Is this the third time that you have been late for school this week?11.why①当先行词是指表示原因的名词reason时,如果关系副词作状语,选why,why=forwhich.This is the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.②当先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,如果关系副词在句中作宾语,选that/which,也可省略。
My parents didn’t believe the reason (that/ which) I give him.七.介词+which/whom1.介词+which/whom①介词的选择根据下面四种情况a.根据定语从句中的谓语动词Who is the person with whom you shook hands just now?b.根据定语从句中的形容词In learning English, he had two things about which he was not sure.c.根据定语从句所修饰的先行词This is the bike by which I go to school.d.根据句意。
This is the train on which he works.②如果关系词指人,选whom,如果关系词指物,选which。
2.不定代词+of+which/whom常用的不定代词有:both, neither, either(两者之一),all, none, many, most, some, anyMr. Li has two sons, both of whom are college students.There are books in this library, most of which are interesting.3.数词,分词,百分数+of+which/whomThere are 50 students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.4.the+名词+of+which=whose+名词He has just bought a magazine, the cover of which (=whose cover) is missing.5.介词+whose+名词This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag.八.非限制性定语从句如果主语和定语从句之间有个逗号,它就是非限制性定语从句。
引导非限制性的定语从句的关系词有:which,who, when, where, why, whom, whose.九.分隔性的定语从句有时定语从句和先行词之间被其他词隔开,把这种从句叫分隔性的定语从句。