中考语法:定语从句的用法归纳 (2)
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定语从句的用法归纳总结定语从句又称定语性从句,是指用来修饰名词或代词的句子,在句中作定语,它往往位于名词或代词之前,用来限定或修饰名词或代词。
可以说,学习定语从句是英语学习中极其重要的一块,尤其是成熟的句子架构中,都会出现有定语从句的句子,因此,要掌握定语从句的用法,从而构成完整的句子。
一、定语从句的构成定语从句有两个必不可少的成分,即先行词和关联词。
先行词又称定语从句的主句,是指在句子中被修饰的名词或代词,它决定定语从句的性质,是从句的“主人”;关联词又称连接词,用来把定语从句和先行词连接起来,因此它是从句的“准入证”。
常用的关联词有that、which、who、whom等,不同的关联词有其不同的用法。
1. 介词+which/whom/that引导的定语从句这种定语从句是由介词构成的,关联词一般由that、which、whom 组成,它们都可以引导定语从句,但它们之间拥有一定的区别,即that用于物、which用于物、whom用于人,可以有效地避免语法错误。
例如:The room in which we lived was very small.The man whom I saw was my uncle.2. 不定式引导的定语从句不定式有可能引导定语从句,此时,不定式是关联词,引导定语从句要用主动形式,相当于一个定语。
例如:The books to read were very interesting.The people to talk were my classmates.3.词不定式的定语从句这种定语从句的关联词是动词不定式,引导定语从句要用完成式,相当于一个定语。
例如:The house built two years ago was very beautiful.The plan worked out was very effective.二、定语从句的用法1.语从句放在它所修饰的名词或代词之前定语从句往往位于名词或代词之前,放在它所修饰的名词或代词之前,它可以位于名词之前也可以位于名词之后,但在一般情况下,置于定语从句之前的词一般为不定代词,如:all,something, everything, anything等,它可以作为定语从句的先行词,而定语从句放在它之后。
中考英语定语从句用法归纳总结定语从句是英语中重要的从句类型之一,它用来修饰并限定名词或代词的含义。
在中考英语考试中,定语从句经常出现,并占有相当的比重。
因此,掌握定语从句的用法是中考英语考试的关键之一。
下面是定语从句的用法归纳总结。
一、定语从句的基本结构定语从句由关系词引导,关系词可以是关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that)或者关系副词(when,where,why)。
关系词在定语从句中充当成分的作用,并且与先行词在意义上保持一致。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句结构:- 主格关系代词:who/that/which- 宾格关系代词:whom/that/which- 物主代词:whose例句:- The girl who is dancing on the stage is my sister.- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.- Jack, whom I met at the party, is a famous actor.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句结构:- 地点关系副词:where- 时间关系副词:when- 原因关系副词:why例句:- This is the school where I study.- Do you remember the day when we went to the zoo?- I don't know the reason why he didn't come to the meeting.二、定语从句的用法定语从句可以修饰人或物,并且起限定和说明的作用。
在中考英语考试中,常见的用法有以下几种:1. 修饰人的定语从句- 关系代词who/whom/whose用于修饰人,并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语的作用。
例句:- The boy who is wearing a red hat is my best friend.- Mary, whom I met in the park, is a talented pianist.- The teacher whose daughter is in my class is very strict.2. 修饰物的定语从句- 关系代词that/which用于修饰物,并在定语从句中充当主语或定语的作用。
初中英语语法——定语从句用法总结归纳定语从句是一种引导句,用来修饰主句中的其中一元素,它可以放在
句子的末尾也可以放在句子的中间,它可以表示人或物的属性、行为,也
可以表示特定的时间、地点,其可以紧挨主语或主句元素。
关于定语从句
用法,可以总结如下:
一、定语从句的关系词
1. 一般情况下,用that 或which来引导定语从句。
2. 当定语从句修饰人的时候,用who或whom来代替that或which。
二、定语从句的排列方式
1.无论是放在句首、句中还是句末,定语从句的顺序是:关系词+主
语+谓语+其他成分。
2.在句尾,定语从句可以省略关系词,但同时必须有清楚的上下文逻
辑关系,以保证语意的正确表达。
三、定语从句使用的特殊情况
1. 当定语从句改变主句的主语时,要使用as 引导定语从句。
2. 当定语从句修饰不明确的物体时,可以用whatever, whichever, who或whom来引导定语从句。
3. 当定语从句的内容被省略时,可以用all, some, any, none, little, few, much, many等来引导定语从句。
初中定语从句总结用法大全定语从句是修饰名词的从句,在句中充当定语的作用。
以下是初中阶段常见的定语从句用法总结:1.关系代词引导的定语从句:- 先行词是人时用"who":The boy who is sitting next to me is my best friend.- 先行词是物时用"which":I lost the book which I borrowed from the library.- 先行词既可以是人也可以是物时用"that":This is the house that I want to buy.2.关系副词引导的定语从句:- 用"where"来修饰地点:This is the school where I study.- 用"why"来修饰原因:I don't know the reason why he left. 3.定语从句的位置:- 定语从句通常位于被修饰的名词后面:The book that I am reading is very interesting.- 修饰人的定语从句可以位于句首:The girl who is standing there is my sister.4.定语从句与介词:- 当定语从句中的先行词被介词所指时,介词放在关系词之后:The house in which she lives is very old.- 当定语从句中的先行词被介词所省略时,介词仍然保留:The bookI am looking for is on the table.5.非限制性定语从句:-非限制性定语从句是指提供额外信息,不改变主句整体意思的定语从句。
6.引导定语从句的连接词的选择:- 用"that"代替"who"、"which"时作主语时:The girl that is sitting next to me is very smart.- 通常情况下可以用"that"来引导定语从句,但当先行词是物,并且在从句中作主语时,推荐使用"which"。
初三定语从句的用法归纳总结初中英语中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法项目。
掌握了定语从句的用法,能够帮助我们更准确地描述人或物,更加清晰地表达自己的意思。
下面是初中定语从句的用法总结,希望能对大家的学习有所帮助。
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
在使用定语从句时,我们需要注意以下几个方面:1. 定语从句的位置定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后,用来对其进行进一步说明。
例如:The book that I borrowed from the librarylast week is very interesting.(我上周从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
)这里的定语从句“that I borrowed from the library last week”修饰名词“book”。
2. 定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词两类。
关系代词包括that, who, whom, whose, which等;关系副词包括when, where,why等。
3. 定语从句的中间变量在定语从句中,我们需要特别注意中间变量的使用。
如果定语从句中的引导词指代的是整个主句的意思,那么可以使用关系代词that;如果引导词指代的是人,可以使用who或whom;如果引导词指代的是物,可以使用which;如果引导词指代的是所修饰名词的所有权,可以使用whose。
例如:The boy who is standing over there is mybest friend.(站在那边的男孩是我最好的朋友。
)4. 定语从句的省略当定语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时,我们可以将定语从句中的主语和be动词省略掉。
例如:I know the girl (who is) sitting next to me.(我认识坐在我旁边的这个女孩。
)这里的定语从句中的主语和be动词都省略了。
5. 定语从句的注意事项在使用定语从句时,需要注意的是注意避免使用指代不明的引导词,以及避免在定语从句中使用两个或两个以上的引导词等错误。
中考定语从句知识点总结一、定语从句的概念定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,通常用来说明这个名词或代词的特征、性质、身份、情况等。
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要知识点,也是中考语法中的重点内容之一。
二、定语从句的分类1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that 等。
例如:This is the book that I bought yesterday.(这就是我昨天买的书。
)2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词有:when, where, why 等。
例如:Do you still remember the day when we first met?(你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗?)三、定语从句的结构关系代词引导的定语从句结构为:关系代词+谓语+其他成分。
例如:The man who is talking with my father is a famous writer.(和我父亲在谈话的那个人是一位著名的作家。
)关系副词引导的定语从句结构为:关系副词+谓语+其他成分。
例如:This is the place where we used to play when we were children.(这就是我们小时候经常玩耍的地方。
)四、定语从句的用法1. 修饰名词或代词定语从句常常用来修饰名词或代词,说明其特征、性质、身份等。
例如:The girl who wears a red dress is my sister.(穿红裙子的那个女孩是我姐姐。
)2. 引导并且限制先行词定语从句常常用来引导并且限制先行词的范围,使其具有特定的指代含义。
例如:I like the book that you lent me.(我喜欢你借给我的那本书。
)3. 用来说明特定情况定语从句还常常用来说明特定情况,以便更准确地描述或说明特定的情况。
例如:Do you know the reason why she left?(你知道她离开的原因吗?)五、定语从句的语法操练1. 先行词定语从句一般都有一个先行词,先行词前后所在的句子中都不可缺少,主要是为了给定语从句找到位置做准备。
英语语法初中定语从句用法知识点归纳总结定语从句是英语语法中一个重要的内容,它可以起到修饰名词或代词的作用。
在初中英语学习中,学习定语从句的用法是必不可少的一部分。
下面是对初中阶段定语从句用法的知识点进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的基本结构与用法定语从句由关系词引导,关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, that 等。
关系词在定语从句中担当某一成分的角色,分为主语关系词和宾语关系词。
1. 主语关系词引导的定语从句:- 关系代词:who, which, that- 关系副词:when, where, why例句:(1) The girl who is playing the piano is my sister.(2) The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(3) This is the reason why I am late.2. 宾语关系词引导的定语从句:- 关系代词:whom, which, that- 关系副词:when, where, why例句:(1) The girl whom I met at the party is my classmate.(2) The book which I am reading is very interesting.(3) This is the reason why I am late.二、定语从句的省略定语从句中的关系词在从句中作主语时,可以省略。
但如果关系词在从句中作宾语,不能省略。
例句:(1) The girl (who/that) I met at the party is my classmate.(2) The book (which/that) I am reading is very interesting.三、定语从句的连接词与先行词的关系定语从句中的连接词与先行词之间要保持一致,即在人称、数和性别上要保持一致。
定语从句的用法归纳总结
定语从句是一种修饰前面名词或代词的从句,通常用来进一步说明和限定它所修饰的名词或代词。
以下是定语从句的用法归纳总结:
1. 定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,常见的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose等;常见的关系副词有:where, when, why等。
2. 如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语,其引导词将根据引导的句子在人称、数方面发生变化,例如:who, whom, whose用来修饰人,which 用来修饰物,that可以修饰人或物。
3.定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后,注意修饰的是前面整个名词短语或代词短语,而不仅仅是名词本身。
4.定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句尾,但要注意与先行词的位置关系。
5.关系代词在定语从句中既作引导词,也充当句子成分。
如果在定语从句中作宾语,则可以省略。
6.定语从句中的动词时态主要根据句子的时态决定,一般使用一般时态。
但如果前面有表示过去的时间状语,通常使用过去时。
7. 引导定语从句的关系副词中,where用来修饰地点,在定语从句中作地点状语;when用来修饰时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;why用来修饰原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
8.记住定语从句的主要功能是限定和修饰名词或代词,使句意更加明确,提供更多的信息。
定语从句的用法一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
(尤其是限制性定语从句)(定语在汉语中常用……的表示。
它主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以有一个句子来担任。
单词做定语是通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句做定语是则放在所修饰的词之后,做后置定语。
)二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
Mary likes music that is quiet and ge ntle 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that 作主语)The coat (that) I put o n the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2. which 用于指物The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train stati on is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3. who, whom 用于指人The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
中考语法:定语从句的用法归纳定语从句Attributive ClauseI本章要点看一看这些名言警句中所运用的定语从句➢He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.从不犯错误的人一事无成。
➢He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes. ─Hamilton.最厉害的将军错误犯得最少。
➢He that travels far knows much.II定语从句语法点分述一、基本要素1.概念:如果由一个句子来充当一个词的定语,那么这个句子就被叫做定语从句2.先行词:被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词3.关系词(关系代词或者副词):引导定语从句➢He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes.1.定语从句:_____________________________________2.先行词:_____________________________________3.关系词:_____________________________________♥Attention♥如何选择关系代词?关系代词的作用是什么?二、关系代词1.定语从句关系代词:★小试身手★1)This is the man who helped me yesterday.⇨who在定语从句中作_________2)The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming.⇨who在定语从句中作_________3)I met a boy whose father was an astronaut.⇨whose在定语从句中作_________4)Here is the coat which/that will be made for you.⇨which在定语从句中作_________5)This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.⇨which在定语从句中作_________6)He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful.⇨whose在定语从句中作_________2.关系代词的作用1)________________________________________2)________________________________________3)________________________________________★小试身手★(1)用关系代词who,whom,that或whose填空。
1)The man__________you met just now is my old friend.2)The man __________ is walking on the playground is my old friend.3)She brought with her three friends, none of __________ I had ever met before.4)That's the new machine __________parts are too small to be seen.(2)用who/whom/which/that将下列句子两句并一句。
1)The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2)The woman is here now. You were talking about her.(3)用whose 将下列句子两句并一句。
1)The man gave me a reward. I found and returned his wallet.2)Parents are usually very proud. Their children graduate from college.3)The teacher went to Japan to teach English. I took his class last semester.♥Attention♥whose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语。
3.只能使用 that 作关系代词的情况:a.先行词为 all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代词时。
➢There is nothing that can stop him from doing it.b.先行词前有last, next, only, very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。
➢This is the most interesting film (that) was shown last week.➢This is the second computer (that) my father has just bought.c.当先行词既有人,又有物时。
➢They talked of things and people that thet remembered.d.当主语是 who 的疑问句:➢W ho is the boy that is playing computer games?♥Attention♥以下情况时,who不与that通用。
a)先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who。
b)当先行词有较长定语时用who。
➢I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.c)一个句子中带有两个定语从句,一个定语从句的关系代词是 that,另一个用who。
➢The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.d)在there be开头的句中用who。
➢There is a pretty girl outside who wants to see you.★小试身手★(1)填空1)There is nothing in the world ______ can frighten him.2)The only games ______ I play are football and tennis.3)He is the only student ______ understands English.(2)翻译1)他们唯一能做的事就是等待。
2)这正是你昨天买的笔。
三、关系副词1.定语从句关系副词♥Attention♥判断关系词是使用代词还是副词时,取决于定语从句的完整性。
如果定语从句不缺主语和宾语,那么关系词就应该使用关系副词。
a.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
➢I still remember the day when I first came to this school.➢I will never forget the day that we spent together.b.where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
➢I recently went back to the town where I was born.➢I would like to live in a country that is full of natural beauty.c.why 指原因,在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
➢Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.➢The reason that he told us surprised us very much.★小试身手★1)Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?2)Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?3)I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.4)I don’t know the reason ______ he came so late.5)We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.6)I can think of many cases ______ students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.7)Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.8)They have reached the point _____ they have to separate with each other.四、关系代词和关系副词之间的关系试观察下列句子:➢This is the day when we met.This is the day _____we met.➢You should remember to put the book back to the place where it belongs.You should remember to put the book back to the place _______ it belongs.总结:关系副词=介词+关系代词★小试身手★连词成句1)go were want back to the I place born my where grandparents to.2)refused help reason why the he us is this to? (for which)1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句a.直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom,构成介词+which(指物);介词+whom(指人)两种结构。
➢The man to whom you talked just now is a famous runner.➢The service the students complain a lot should be improved.➢He is a library assistant I borrowed some books.b.直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略,但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时,关系代词可省。