2018届北京市各高中各校高三英语试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。

1.What does the man want to borrow?A.A pencil.B.An eraser.C.A pen.2.What is the woman doing now?A.Eating.B.Going home.C.Having group study.3.What does the man have for earthquake preparation?A.A candle.B.A radio.C.A flashlight.4.Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.In a bank.B. In a hotel.C.In a store.5.Where will the man go for his holiday?A.Brazil.B.Denmark.C.Greece.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6.When does the supermarket close on Sundays?A.At 5:00 pm.B.At 7:00 pm.C. At 8:00 pm.7.What have the two speakers decided to do now?A.Go shopping.B.Take a walk.C.Have dinner听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

2018届北京市各高中各校高三英语试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--学生版（已校对期中版1）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A Faithful FatherMy husband kissed me goodbye, stroked the baby’s cheek and then rushed out of the door, into his busy day. With the cold of the morning fading, I fed my baby and it fell fast asleep. Usually I would place it in bed and quickly have the house somewhat in 36 .However, this morning, I stayed seated，just 37 , with the baby in my arms. The thoughts ran into 38 of the mornings with my husband, a father rushing out of the door to meet the obligations of life. It was only a small jump to thoughts of my own 39 .My mother passed away when I was ten, and as I looked 40 , I could see how much of a family man my dad was. He went to work every morning and 41 to his family every evening. He 42 food, clothing, warmth, and protection. He was a faithful father.Setting the baby down, I dialed the 43 number. I had just realized the 44 of the ordinary---the daily life going on around us that we often took for granted, and that it needed to be __45__.“Hi, Dad.” I said, 46 back tears.“Hey, Bud. How are you? ”47 was in his voice.“Fine, I’m just calling to say...thank you.” I got it out before my throat48 too much for me to speak.“What for?”“For getting up and going to work every morning of my life. Now that I have my own 49 and I see my husband doing the same, I just wanted to thank you for being 50 .”There was 51 for a moment as my dad calmed himself down, and with a small 52 in his voice he said, “You’re welcome, Bud.”I don’t remember much of the rest of the call,53 that moment of revelation(显露) about my father, I will never forget. There are those who are known for their heroic 54 , and also those who are known for their fortunes and fame, but it is the 55 everyday fathers who are the true heroes. I’m thankful that my father was one of them.36. A. use B. line C. fashion D. order37. A. dreaming B. thinking C. imagining D. praying38. A. memories B. struggles C. incidents D. conversations39. A. father B. husband C. mother D. baby40. A. out B. away C. around D. back41. A. moved B. escaped C. returned D. walked42. A. collected B. provided C. sought D. bought43. A. familiar B. relative C. regular D. popular44. A. difference B. balance C. significance D. absence45. A. arranged B. recognized C. reduced D. achieved46. A. sending B. pushing C. putting D. holding47. A. Concern B. Stress C. Doubt D. Sympathy48. A. tightened B. hurt C. ached D. cleared49. A. duty B. child C. life D. career50. A. inspiring B. considerate C. faithful D. admirable51. A. peace B. calm C. rest D. silence52. A. hesitation B. tremble C. passion D. sigh53. A. and B. or C. but D. nor54. A. ideas B. remarks C. deeds D. words55. A. outstanding B. patient C. honest D. ordinary第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then of his colleagues.A. oneB. onesC. thatD. those2. 8 students and 2 teachers at Santa Fe High School by a 17-year-student armed with a shotgun and a pistol. This is one of the many gun-related tragedies that have happened in the last 2 years.A. killedB. were killedC. have killedD. have been killed3. —Are you free now? I have something interesting to tell you.—OK, you make it short I will have to work on this term paper due tomorrow.A. now thatB. as soon asC. every timeD. as long as4. The 19th Party Congress drew up a blueprint for China’s development in the next three decades and more. this blueprint into reality, we must be down-to-earth in our approach, take one step at a time as we move forward and deliver solid outcomes.A. TurningB. TurnedC. TurnD. To turn5. — Bob. could I use your computer this evening?—Sorry. I a report on it then.A. will be writingB. have been writingC. have writtenD. will have written6. Tourists love Beijing, offers an infinite collection of delights ranging from 6 UNESCO World Heritage Sites to food from every corner of China and beyond.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. who7. —I have been working for more than 30 years! I’m going to retire next month.—Really? You don’t look a da y 40!A. overB. byC. withD. for8. Rent usually up in the summer, when college graduates are moving out of their dormitories and seeking for new places to move in.A. will goB. goesC. has goneD. went9. It shocked the world the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal.A. whichB. whatC. whetherD. that10. on one foot with your eyes closed. and you will soon lose your balance.A. StandingB. StoodC. To standD. Stand11. The young man, in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual.A. catchingB. caughtC. having caughtD. to be caught12. My mobile phone is missing. Who it?A. must have takenB. must takeC. could have takenD. could take13. — Catherine, will you visit us this weekend?—I planned to, but something unexpected .A. has come upB. was coming upC. had come upD. would come up14. The problem with the current system allows anyone to commit a similar crime without . It needs to be fixed.A. being punishedB. punishedC. to punishD. punishing15. We the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight.A. were enjoyingB. would have enjoyedC. would be enjoyingD. will enjoy第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018年北京市高考英语试题与答案考生注意：本试卷满分共120分，考试时长100分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。

1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. Chin a’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ caus e serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good mo rning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）本试卷共14页，共120分。

考试时长100分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met mo re than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。

1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here I haven’t seen you around.—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today’s inform ation age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2018北京高考英语试题及答案（完整版）【3】2018北京高考英语答案：第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)1. C2. C3. B4. B5. A6. B7. B8. A9. D 10. A11. C 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，共39分)16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. F 52. G 53. E 54. A 55. D第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)第一节 (15分)Dear Jim,I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.I sincerely hope your dream wi ll come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. Ifyou have further questions, please feel free to let me know.Yours,Li Hua第二节 (20分)Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.zxxkOn arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

BMost kids love breaks, but for Hannah Kristan, a break was her least favorite part of the school day. “I never got to do anything except sit there,” she recalls.Hannah was born with a disease that kept the bones in her back from forming properly. She uses a wheelchair. Sadly, for kids like her, most playground equipment is off limits. In fact, Hannah is one of 5 million kids in the United States who cannot use traditional playground equipment because of some type of disability.Then Hannah heard about Boundless Playgrounds—playgrounds without limits for children with disabilities. The wonderful group behind Boundless Playgrounds helps communities create special playgrounds for children of all abilities. There are swings and sandboxes specially designed for kids with physical disabilities. Kids with vision problems can enjoy the movement of swings and also use musical activities such as chime walls. Since her hometown in Connecticut had nothing like it, Hannah helped raise money for this new kind of playground.The inspiration for Boundless Playgrounds was a playground created by Amy Jaffe Barzach. It is named Jonathan’s Dream in honor of her son. Jonathan’s Dream and many Boundless Playgrounds around the country have a glider swing that can be used by kids who use wheelchairs and their friends. The glider swing at Jonathan’s Dream was designed by Matthew Cavedon, who wasn’t even 10 years old at the time. Ma tthew was motivated because he used a wheelchair himself and wanted to be able to have fun at playgrounds with other kids, regardless of their physical abilities or disabilities.The basic idea behind Boundless Playground is that play is both part of the joy of childhood and an important way for children to learn about the world. Kids who are kept away from playgrounds are denied this enjoyment as well as the learning. Far from being a place of happy excitement, traditional playgrounds are often places of separation and loneliness for those who can’t join in the fun.Contrary to some strict ideas about what a playground for children with special needs shouldbe like, a Boundless Playground is every bit as colorful and challenging as a traditional playground. That’s why it is inviting and fun for all children. And for Hanna, Matthew, and other kids like them, a playground like this is also a dream that comes true.40. What did Hannah Kristan do?A. She designed Boundless Playground.B. She invented a swing for the disabled.C. She collected money for the playground.D. She donated equipment to her hometown.41. We can learn from the passage that Boundless Playgrounds _____________.A. provide training instructions for the disabledB. borrowed the idea from Jonathan’s DreamC. were invented by Amy Jaffe BarzachD. are financed by communities42. What is Hanna and Matthew’s dream?A. To overcome their disabilities.B. To receive special physical training.C. To get equal chances of playing and learning.D. To acquire understanding from their fellow students.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Value of TearsTears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. Tears leave you embarrassed and without energy. Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, they make a film over the eye’s surface. ______71______ When tears fall, they reduce stress. But we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “People worry about showing their emotions（情绪）, afraid that once they lose control they’ll never get it back.” ______72______After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear.Sometimes people become much stressed and can’t cry. Whatever emo tion they are feeling — shock, anger, fear, or sadness— is being held back.But everyone has the need to cry. Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry. _______73_______Patients practice crying just to become used to expressing emotions. She suggests safe, private places to cry, like under the bedcovers or in the car. Crying is a way of ease tension, but people don’t like it when others cry because it makes them tense. _______74______And they’ll do just about anything to make you stop.In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. It’s good not to cry during a tense business discussion. ________75_______You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angr y as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “Once your tears have taken away the stress, you can begin to think calmly of ways to deal with the problem.”Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. If you find yourself near someone crying, deal with it. And never be afraid to cry yourself.Keys: 71-75 DGBAE第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AOdland remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver. The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman.Thirty years have passed, but Odland can‟t get the memory out of his mind, nor the woman‟s kind reaction. She was shocked, regained calmness and, in a kind voice, told the young Odland. “It‟s OK. It wasn‟t your fault.” When she left the restaurant, she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO (总裁) with a life lesson: You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter.Odland isn‟t the only CEO to have made this discovery. Rather, it seems to be one of those few laws of the land that every CEO learns on the way up. It‟s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule. They say how others treat the CEO says nothing. But how others treat the waiter is like a window into the soul.Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, “I could buy this place and fire you,” or “I know the owner and I could have you fired.” Those who say such things have shown more about their character than about their wealth and power.The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson. He wrote a best-selling book called, Swanson’s Unwritten Rules of Management.“A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person,” Swanson says. “I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables.”56. What happened after Odland dropped the ice cream onto the woman‟s dress?A. The woman left the restaurant at once.B. The woman comforted him.C. He was blamed.D. He was fired.57. Odland learned one of his life lessons from ________.A. an interesting best-selling bookB. the advice given by the CEOsC. an article in FortuneD. his experience as a waiter58. According to the text, most CEOs have the same opinion about __________.A. Fortune 500 companiesB. the Management RulesC. the Waiter RuleD. Swanson‟s book59. From the text we can learn that __________.A. one should respect others no matter who they areB. CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurantsC. CEOs often show their power before othersD. one should be nicer to important peopleKeys: 56-59 BDCA第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2018年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例：It's so nice to hear from her again.__，we last met more than thirty years ago．A．what's moreB．That's to sayC．In other wordsD．Believe it or not答案是D．1．（1.00分）﹣Hi，I'm Peter．Are you new here？I haven't seen you around？﹣Hello，Peter．I'm Bob．I just______on Monday．（）A．start B．have started C．started D．had started2．（1.00分）______we don't stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone．（）A．Although B．While C．If D．Until3．（1.00分）______along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience．（）A．Travel B．TravelingC．Having traveled D．Traveled4．（1.00分）Susan had quit her well﹣paid job and ______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year．（）A．is working B．was working C．has worked D．had worked5．（1.00分）She and her family bicycle to work，helps them keep fit．（）A．which B．who C．as D．that6．（1.00分）During the Mid﹣Autumn Festival，family members often gather together_______a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes．（）A．share B．to shareC．having shared D．shared7．（1.00分）China's high﹣speed railways from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years．（）A．are growing B．have grown C．will grow D．had grown8．（1.00分）In any unsafe situation，simply______the button and a highly﹣trained agent will get you the help you need．（）A．press B．to press C．pressing D．pressed9．（1.00分）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______in the mountains for two days．（）A．are trapping B．have been trappedC．were trapping D．had been trapped10．（1.00分）Ordinary soap，______correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively．（）A．used B．to use C．using D．use11．（1.00分）Without his support，we wouldn't be______we are now．（）A．how B．when C．where D．why12．（1.00分）In today's information age，the loss of data______cause serious problems for a company．（）A．need B．should C．can D．must13．（1.00分）They might have found a better hotel if they_______a few more kilometers．（）A．drove B．would driveC．were to drive D．had driven14．（1.00分）﹣Good morning，Mr．Lee's office．﹣Good morning．I'd like to make an appointment_______next Wednesday afternoon．（）A．for B．on C．in D．at15．（1.00分）This is________my father has taught me﹣to always face difficulties and hope for the best．（）A．how B．which C．that D．what第二节完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．16．（30.00分）The Homeless HeroFor many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）．But the （1）would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money．All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith （2）more remarkable．After spotting a （3）on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the （4）to return．After hours in the cold and wet，he （5）inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to （6）it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it．He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after （7） a note behind to let the owner know it was safe．When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car﹣which was itself worth £35，000﹣in Glasgow city centre，they were（8）to find two policemen standing next to it．The policemen told them what Mr．Smith did and that the wallet was （9）．The pair were later able to thank Mr．Smith for his （10）．Mr．Anderson said："I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny．To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight （11）he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in．This guy has nothing and （12）he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others（13）．It's unbelievable．It just proves there are （14）guys out there．"Mr．Smith's act （15）much of the public's attention．He also won praise from social media users after Mr．Anderson （16）about the act of kindness on Facebook．Now Mr．Anderson has set up an online campaign to （17）moneyfor Mr．Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received ￡8，000．"I think the faith that everyone has shown （18）him has touched him．People have been approaching him in the street；he's had job （19）and all sorts，"Mr．Anderson commented．For Mr．Smith，this is a possible life﹣changing （20）．The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another．（1）A．hope B．aim C．urge D．effort（2）A．still B．even C．ever D．once（3）A．wallet B．bag C．box D．parcel（4）A．partner B．colleague C．owner D．policeman（5）A．turned B．hid C．stepped D．reached（6）A．discover B．collect C．check D．believe（7）A．taking B．leaving C．reading D．writing（8）A．satisfied B．excited C．amused D．shocked（9）A．safe B．missing C．found D．seen（10）A．service B．support C．kindness D．encouragement （11）A．when B．if C．where D．because（12）A．rather B．yet C．already D．just（13）A．too B．though C．again D．instead（14）A．honest B．polite C．rich D．generous（15）A．gave B．paid C．cast D．drew（16）A．learned B．posted C．cared D．heard（17）A．borrow B．raise C．save D．earn（18）A．of B．at C．for D．in（19）A．details B．changes C．offers D．applications（20）A．lesson B．adventure C．chance D．challenge第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．17．（8.00分）AMy First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train．Yet，I was determined to go ahead．I remember back to my 7th year in school．In my first P．E．class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball．I didn't do either well．He later informed me that I was" not athletic"．The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years．When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic．It was all about the battle against my own body and mind．A test of wills!The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line．I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself．Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces （鞋带）became untied．So I stopped to readjust．Not the start I wanted！At mile 3，I passed a sign：" GO FOR IT，RUNNERS!"By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly．Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again．By mile 21，I was starving！As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign．She is my biggest fan．She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m．or questioned my expenses on running．I was one of the final runners to finish．But I finished! And I got a medal．In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had．Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels（世俗标签），I can now call myself a "marathon winner"．（1）A month before the marathon，the author．A．was well trainedB．felt scaredC．made up his mind to runD．lost hope（2）Why did the author mention the P．E．class in his 7th year？A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher．B．To amuse the readers with a funny story．C．To show he was not talented in sports．D．To share a precious memory．（3）How was the author's first marathon？A．He made it．B．He quit halfway．C．He got the first prize．D．He walked to the end．（4）What does the story mainly tell us？A．A man owes his success to his family support．B．A winner is one with a great effort of will．C．Failure is the mother of success．D．One is never too old to learn．18．（6.00分）BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation （航空）Center If you're looking for a unique adventure，the Space and Aviation Center（SAC）is the place to be．The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands﹣on tasks and lots of fun．More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC，with many seeking employmentin engineering，aviation，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions．They come to camp，wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot，and they leave with real﹣world applications for what they're studying in the classroom．For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（荣誉徽章）．At Space Camp，trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets，learn about space tasks and try simulated （模拟）flying to space with the crew from all over the world．The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge．They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit（驾驶舱）of a variety of flight simulators．Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water﹣and land﹣survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a "downed" pilot．With all the programs，teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task．All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18．Families can enjoy the experience together，too，with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7．Stay an hour or stay a week﹣﹣there is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online at www．oursac．com．（1）Why do people come to SAC？A．To experience adventures．B．To look for jobs in aviation．C．To get a degree in engineering．D．To learn more about medicine．（2）To earn a Space Exploration badge， a trainee needs to．A．fly to spaceB．get an Aviation badge firstC．study the principles of flightD．build and fire model rockets（3）What is the most important for trainees？A．Leadership．B．Team spirit．C．Task planning．D．Survival skills．19．（8.00分）CPlastic﹣Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year．Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场），and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans．So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms．Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics．The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it．To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物）and applied it to plastic films．14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass﹣﹣apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs．Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017．Federica Bertocchini，co﹣author of the study，says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food﹣beeswax﹣also allows them to break down plastic．"Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon﹣carbon bond，is there as well，"she explains．"The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond．"Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene．But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting．The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown．Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills．But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process﹣not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．"（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study？A．They take plastics as their everyday food．B．They are newly evolved creatures．C．They can consume plastics．D．They wind up in landfills．（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to．A．identify other means of the breakdownB．find out the source of the enzymeC．confirm the research findingsD．increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might．A．help to raise wormsB．help make plastic bagsC．be used to clean the oceansD．be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？A．To explain a study method on worms．B．To introduce the diet of a special worm．C．To present a way to break down plastics．D．To propose new means to keep eco﹣balance．20．（8.00分）DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self﹣driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world．Well，the future is apparently now．The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self﹣driving cars on public roads．The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self﹣driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services．California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way here．Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country．It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads．But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated．While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars（and rightfully so），policymakers also should be talking about how self﹣driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions（排放）and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options．The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared．Do we want to copy﹣or even worsen﹣the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self﹣drivingvehicles．They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread．They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking．Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self﹣driving minibus．The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport ﹣﹣an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride﹣hailing（叫车）services．A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol ﹣powered private cars worldwide with electric，self﹣driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure （基础设施）and operations 40% by 2050．Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing．The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride﹣hailing services，considering the cost of self﹣driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues（责任与维护问题）．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology．Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car﹣controlled transportation system we have today．The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably．The car of the future is coming．We just have to plan for it．（1）According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can．A．help deal with transportation﹣related problemsB．provide better services to customersC．cause damage to our environmentD．make some people lose jobs（2）As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？A．Safety．B．Side effects．C．Affordability．D．Management．（3）What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？A．Employed．B．Replaced．C．Shared．D．Reduced．（4）What is the author's attitude to the future of self﹣driving cars？A．Doubtful．B．Positive．C．Disapproving．D．Sympathetic．第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．21．（10.00分）Why Do We Get Angry？Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various．Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits．The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），and our assessment of situations．（1）Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages．However，here are some examples：being cut off in traffic，a deadline approaching，experiencing physical pain，and much more．（2）The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often dueto one's personal history and psychological traits．Each person，no matter who they are，has psychological imbalances．People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry．（3）Also，sometimes pre ﹣anger does not have to do with a lasting condition，but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred．（4）Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre﹣anger，or anger itself．Sometimes ignorance and negative （消极的）outlooks on situations can create anger．（5）However，anger can easily turn violent，and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence．With these main reasons in mind，we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings．A．Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well．B．But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger．C．Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait，and is usually advised to reduce it．D．Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry．E．Having these personality traits implies the pre﹣anger state，where anger is in the background of your mind．F．Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye．G．Not everyone acts the same in response to events，and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another．第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）22．（10.00分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学．他向你咨询相关信息．请给他回邮件，内容包括：1．表示欢迎；2．推荐他上哪所大学；3．建议他做哪些准备工作．注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．Dear Jim，Yours，Li Hua第二节（20分）23．（25.00分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程．注意：词数不少于60．2018年北京市高考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例：It's so nice to hear from her again.__，we last met more than thirty years ago．A．what's moreB．That's to sayC．In other wordsD．Believe it or not答案是D．1．（1.00分）﹣Hi，I'm Peter．Are you new here？I haven't seen you around？﹣Hello，Peter．I'm Bob．I just______on Monday．（）A．start B．have started C．started D．had started【分析】嗨，我是皮特．你是新来的吗？我之前没见过你．嗨，皮特，我是鲍勃．我星期一刚来的．【解答】答案：C．本题考查一般过去时．根据对话，可知鲍勃之前确实不在这个地方上班，再结合时间状语just，说明他是星期一刚刚来上班的，应该使用一般过去时，表明他的到来发生在过去．故选：C．【点评】本题考查一般过去时．解答该类试题主要观察题干中的对话或者是时间状语或者是隐含信息，表示发生在过去的某一动作即为正确答案．2．（1.00分）______we don't stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone．（）A．Although B．While C．If D．Until【分析】如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失．【解答】考查从属连词的用法．although"尽管，虽然"，引导让步状语从句．while 表示"当……的时候"，引导时间状语从句；意为"尽管、虽然"，引导让步状语从句．if"如果"，引导条件状语从句．until"直到"，引导时间状语从句．分析可知前后两句话之间是逻辑上的"条件"关系．句意：如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失．故选：C．【点评】本题考查从属连词的用法．连词的用法辨析，要注意分析主从句之间的逻辑关系，再确定相应的连词，同时注意不同的连词的语义及用法区别．3．（1.00分）______along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience．（）A．Travel B．TravelingC．Having traveled D．Traveled【分析】沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣而且有益的经历．【解答】考查动名词．分析可知"__along the old Silk Road"在句中做主语，句子主干是主系表结构．travel是动词原形，不能在句中做主语，可排除A；having done 是现在分词的完成式，它表示主动的动作，并且动作发生在谓语动词之前，常常作状语来修饰动词，可排除C．done是过去分词，在句中通常做定语或状语，不能够在句中做主语．无论作状语或作定语，都表示被动的动作，也可以表示已经完成的动作．可排除D．故选：B．【点评】动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语，但是不能作补语．动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语，在动词的基础上加ing，使该动词或动词短语，有名词的各种特征，可作名词灵活使用．如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk．覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us．劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间．It was hard getting on the crowded street car．上这种拥挤的车真难．It is fun playing with children．和孩子们一起玩真好．There is no joking about such matters．对这种事情不是开玩笑．4．（1.00分）Susan had quit her well﹣paid job and ______as a volunteer in theneighborhood when I visited her last year．（）A．is working B．was working C．has worked D．had worked【分析】当我去年去看Susan 的时候，她以及辞去了她的高薪工作在当地做起了志愿者工作．【解答】答案：B．本题考查过去进行时，即某一动作在过去的某一时刻正在发生．根据句意，去年"我"去拜访Susan的时候她已经辞去了高薪职业，正在附件社区从事着志愿者工作，使用过去进行时：was doing sth．故选：B．【点评】本题考查过去进行时，解答该类试题应注意分析句中的时间状语和句子主语的关系，再结合选项，即可选出正确答案．5．（1.00分）She and her family bicycle to work，helps them keep fit．（）A．which B．who C．as D．that【分析】她和她的家人都是骑自行车去上班，这使得他们能保持健康．【解答】本题考查非限制性定语从句．本复合句中，主句为She and her family bicycle to work，而非限制定语从句中缺少主语，因为是非限制性定语从句，故不能使用that，关系代词who是用来替代人，在此不符合句意；as可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是常位于句首．which在从句中引导定语从句作主语，替代前面整个主句的内容，即：每天和家人骑车上班的行为能促使他们保持身体健康．故选：A．【点评】本题考查定语从句．解答该类试题一定要分析题干，分析句子成分再结合选项特点，进行答案的选择．6．（1.00分）During the Mid﹣Autumn Festival，family members often gather together_______a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes．（）A．share B．to shareC．having shared D．shared【分析】在中秋节期间，家庭成员时常聚在一起吃饭，欣赏月亮和享受月饼．【解答】考查动词不定式．此处用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语．故选B 项．其它三项不符合语境．故选：B．【点评】英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来，动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词．它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰．动名词有时态和语态的变化．另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同：在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语．它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语．7．（1.00分）China's high﹣speed railways from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years．（）A．are growing B．have grown C．will grow D．had grown【分析】在过去的几年中国的高速公路已经从9000公里发展到25000公里．【解答】句中的时间状语是"in the past few years"，这类的时间状语，句子一般都用现在完成时或现在完成进行时．故选：B．【点评】常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since…，for+段时间，in the past few years/weeks等．8．（1.00分）In any unsafe situation，simply______the button and a highly﹣trained agent will get you the help you need．（）A．press B．to press C．pressing D．pressed【分析】在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，训练有素的助理就会让你得到需要的帮助．【解答】考查祈使句．分析句子可知，此处考查的是祈使句+and/or+简单句，根据句意可知，此处使用动词原形press．故选：A．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．9．（1.00分）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______in themountains for two days．（）A．are trapping B．have been trappedC．were trapping D．had been trapped【分析】一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两个被困在山上两天的游客．【解答】考查时态语态．根据句中risked可知，事情是发生在过去，游客被困是发生在"冒险救援"之前，用过去完成时，即"过去的过去"，trap为及物动词，游客是被困的，应该使用过去完成时的被动语态．故选：D．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．10．（1.00分）Ordinary soap，______correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively．（）A．used B．to use C．using D．use【分析】普通的肥皂恰当地被使用能有效地清理细菌．【解答】本句中两个逗号隔开的内容应该是对"ordinary soap"作补充说明，肥皂和使用是被动关系，所以用过去分词used．故选：A．【点评】考查分词形式主要看改动词与被修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系，一般用过去分词形式表示被动关系，现在分词表示主动关系．11．（1.00分）Without his support，we wouldn't be______we are now．（）A．how B．when C．where D．why【分析】没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置．【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，be动词的后面应该是表语从句，根据句意：没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置，可知应该使用where"在哪里"，而how"如何"，when"何时"，why"为什么"，不符合句意．故选：C．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．12．（1.00分）In today's information age，the loss of data______cause serious problems for a company．（）A．need B．should C．can D．must【分析】在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题．【解答】考查情态动词．need需要；should应该；can能；能够；（表示可能性）可能，可能会；must必须．句意：在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题．故选：C．【点评】本题考查情态动词的用法．情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，所以在做题时应该把握好说话人的情感态度．13．（1.00分）They might have found a better hotel if they_______a few more kilometers．（）A．drove B．would driveC．were to drive D．had driven【分析】如果他们再多开几公里，他们可能会找到一家更好的旅馆．【解答】考查虚拟语气．在if条件句中，虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即：had+过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词．本题中主句中使用了might have done，因此，从句中应该使用过去完成时．故选：D．【点评】本题考查虚拟语气．if引导的虚拟条件句是高考考试的重要考察点．应对虚拟语气题目时，我们需要记住一个公式：语法+语境= 正确答案．语法就是指上述各种虚拟语气的结构和用法，需要考生牢牢把握这些虚拟语气的基础知识；语境即说话人的语意、情感、态度等．实际上，目前高考中的大多数语法单项填空题都不是纯粹的考查语法结构，必须把语法或惯用法与语境结合起来才能得出正确答案．因此我们应遵循这个解题模式．14．（1.00分）﹣Good morning，Mr．Lee's office．﹣Good morning．I'd like to make an appointment_______next Wednesday afternoon．（）A．for B．on C．in D．at【分析】﹣早上好，李先生的办公室．﹣早上好．我想为下星期三下午安排一次约会．【解答】答案：A，考查介词用法辨析．结合句意"为下星期三下午安排一次约会"可知，即make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon．同学易错选为on，以为在某天下午应用介词on，但句意并非在下周三下午才做预约，而是说现在就约，把时间约在周三下午．故用介词for．故选：A．【点评】本道介词题难度相对较大，命题者铺设了陷阱，乍看之下极其容易，仔细思量其实另有玄机．所以考生在备考时，要注意灵活应用，而不是死记硬背．15．（1.00分）This is________my father has taught me﹣to always face difficulties and hope for the best．（）A．how B．which C．that D．what【分析】这就是我父亲教给我的﹣﹣直面困难，做最好的希望．【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，is后面的从句为表语从句，由于teach 之后需要跟双宾语，即teach sb．sth．可知，缺少teach的直接宾语，需要使用充当句子成分的what．故选：D．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．第二节完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．16．（30.00分）The Homeless HeroFor many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be asource（来源）of temptation（诱惑）．But the （1）C would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money．All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith （2）B more remarkable．After spotting a （3）A on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the （4）C to return．After hours in the cold and wet，he （5）D inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to （6）A it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it．He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after （7）B a note behind to let the owner know it was safe．When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car﹣which was itself worth £35，000﹣in Glasgow city centre，they were（8）D to find two policemen standing next to it．The policemen told them what Mr．Smith did and that the wallet was（9）A．The pair were later able to thank Mr．Smith for his （10）C．Mr．Anderson said："I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny．To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight （11）A he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in．This guy has nothing and （12）B he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others（13）D．It's unbelievable．It just proves there are （14）A guys out there．"Mr．Smith's act （15）D much of the public's attention．He also won praise from social media users after Mr．Anderson （16）B about the act of kindness on Facebook．Now Mr．Anderson has set up an online campaign to （17）B money for Mr．Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received ￡8，000．"I think the faith that everyone has shown （18）C him has touched him．People have been approaching him in the street；he's had job （19）C and all sorts，"Mr．Anderson commented．。

2018年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例: It’s so nice to hear from her again. ______, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。

1. - Hi, I’m P eter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.- Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just ______ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. ______ we don’t stop climate change, many animals andplants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. ______ along the old Silk Road is an interesting andrewarding experience.A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and ______ as a volunteerin the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, ______ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gathertogether ______ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. C hina’s high-speed railways ______ from 9,000 to 25,000kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply ______ the button and a highly- trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, ______ correctly, can dealwith bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be ______ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today’s information age, the loss of data ______ causeserious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they ______ a few morekilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. - Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.- Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment ______ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is ______ my father hastaught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

DEnough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provid e a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel S hadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.67. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 an d 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.68. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage ofC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand69. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkC. avoid providing too much personal informationD. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark70. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Accept without reading?B. New security rules in operation?C. S ay no to social media?D. Administration matters!Keys: 67-70 ABDA第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D）四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

B“I wish we hadn't come on this trip!” Jeff's voice echoed across the narrow canyon(峡谷). His father stopped, breathing heavily. “This is hard on you, but you’ve got to come through with courage!” He gently placed his hand on the boy's shoulder. “Now, I don't know if I can make it without stopping every so often. You're young, but you're strong and fast. Do you remember the way back from here to the road, if you had to go alone?”Jeff flashed back to the painful scene of Mark, his seventeen-year-old brother at their campsite. He was bitten by a snake yesterday. This morning he couldn't move, and the pain got worse. He needed medical attention right away. They had left their phone in the car, and it must have been out of power by then. Leaving Mark at the campsite and seeking help was their only choice.“Jeff, could you do it?”Jeff looked to the end of the canyon, several miles away. He nodded and a plan began to take hold in his mind. “What is the name of that little town we stopped, Dad?” There must be a hospital there.“Flint. We parked at the side of the road a few miles out of Flint.”Jeff nodded. Then they continued climbing. Stone by stone, they made their way up the canyon. Gradually, Jeff's father grew smaller and smaller in the distance. Jeff waved to him and then climbed toward the road. Two hours later, he finally reached the road and struggled toward the town, almost exhausted.“Can't stop,”he thought. “Mark's in big trouble. Keep going.”Suddenly, he saw a truck heading toward him. “Hey, mister!” he shouted, waving both arms. He began to jog toward the truck, and then broke into a full-speed run.His chest was burning with every breath when the truck driver stopped by him. Jeff explained breathlessly. The driver reached for his cellphone as soon as he heard about Mark. “Better get the helicopter in there,” he said immediately, But Jeff wasn't sure about that because everything gotunclear and then went black and quiet.Hours later, Jeff opened his eyes to find his father on a chair nearby, “You're a hero, son,” his father said with a smile. “You had the helicopter sent into the canyon after Mark. I can't tell you how happy I was when I saw it overhead. They got him to the hospital, He's going to be fine soon. I'm so proud of you!”39. Why did Jeff and his father climb up the canyon?A. They were going for rescue.B. They were doing physical exercise.C. They were meeting Jeff's brother.D. They were searching for their campsite.40. What happened to Mark?A. He lost his way.B. He lost his phone.C. He was hit by a truck.D. He was bitten by a snake.41. Why did Jeff's father let him go alone?A. Jeff was faster than him.B. Jeff knew the way better.C. Jeff needed more exercise.D. Jeff preferred going by himself.42. What can be the best words to describe Jeff?A. Humorous and ambitious.B. Determined and caring.C. Cautious and sensitive.D. Generous and kind.Keys: 39-42 ADAB第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D）四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to ___16___and the subway system almost came to a stop.Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were ___17___to go home. Some battled to ___18___ a taxi or to get on a bus. Still others faced the ___19___ bravely, walking miles to get to work.I ___20___ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most___21___ had stopped. After making my way___22___crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was___23___. Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to___24___the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the___25___. So I took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switched back to the downtown train. Finally, after what seemed like forever, the train___26___my stop. Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office, I was___27___through, exhausted and___28___.My co-workers and I spent most of the day drying off. When it was 5:00 pm, I was ready to go home, I was about to turn off my computer___29___I received an email from Garth, my Director:I would like to thank all of you who made the effort and___30___reported to work. It is always reassuring (令人欣慰), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their ___31___to their jobs. Thank you.Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that___32___message than I ever did from a textbook, The email taught me that a few words of___33___can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the traffic___34___had made me tired and upset. But Garth’s words immediately ___35___me and put a smile back on my face.16. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash17. A. forced B. refused C. adjusted D. gathered18. A. order B. pay C. call D. search19. A. climate B. scenery C. storm D. burden20. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened21. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service22. A. to B. through C. over D. for23. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing24. A. check B. carry C. find D. board25. A. street B. ground C. floor D. platform26. A. paused B. crossed C. reached D. parked27. A- wet B. weak C. sick D. hurt28. A. ashamed B. discouraged C. surprised D. puzzled29. A. while B. when C. where D. after30. A. hardly B. causally C. absolutely D. eventually31. A. devotion B. donation C. connection D. reaction32. A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous33. A. promise B. appreciation C. advice D. guidance34. A. troubles B. signals C. rules D. signs35. A. corrected B. supported C. amazed D. refreshed第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2018全国高考英语II卷：阅读理解B详解（北京四中详解版）北京四中高三英语教研室整理真题呈现Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat ”ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.27.From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.正确答案：24.C ; 25.B ; 26.D ; 27.B答案解析：24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?作者似乎喜欢樱桃的什么？A. They contain protein. 它们含有蛋白质。

英语注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）(略)第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AWelcome to AMDA（福建省百所重点中学2018届高三联考）Your future in the performing arts doesn’t have to be a dream.For o ver50years,AMDA has launched some of the most successful careers in theatre,film and television.AMDA creates industry professionals who don’t just wait for life to happen—they stage their own career path.Now it’s your turn.Program descriptionAt AMDA,we believe a performer must perform.From the first day,you’ll find many performance opportunities in the three core areas of acting,musical theatre and dance,both in and out of the classroom, plus individual voice lessons.Over the course of your four semesters(学期),you’ll also improve your performance technique through an intensive curriculum that focuses on both foundational and advanced concepts in acting,musical theatre and dance.Finally,through courses in career preparation,you’ll learnhow to apply all of this training to a successful career on stage and screen.Philosophy and missionAMDA is committed to providing a splendid performing arts education to a diverse community of creative artists.AMDA serves as both school and stage,where students are given the support and opportunity to identify their own personal objectives and to develop and improve their own distinctive artistic voices.AMDA tries to create an environment for students to develop the skills,confidence, imagination,and power to contribute to their community as artists,businesspeople,lifelong learners,and hard-working citizens of the world Above all,AMDA wants to teach students that commitment and passion are the marks of a successful and joyous career.Registration6305Yucca Street Los Angeles800-367-7908https://21.What is the curriculum of AMDA about?A.Drawing.B.Philosophy.C.Performing.D.Photography.22.How long does the course last?A.One semester.B.Two years.C.Three semesters.D.Four years.23.What can students learn in AMDA?A.How to sing beautifully.B.How to train a performer.C.The way to build a stage.D.The way to be a director.B（广东省百校联盟2018届高三第二次联考）April4th was just another day on a Western Australia farm for Zac Mitchell,until it suddenly wasn’t.In an unexpected accident,the cattle worker was feeding the animals in his charge when one bull cleaned him up and kicked his hand up against the rail,resulting in the thumb on his right hand being cut off.“My thumb was still hanging on the rail...when I got up off the ground,”Zac Mitchell says.His co-workers tried their best to preserve the thumb for reattachment,placing it on ice in a cooler,but two surgeries to put Mitchell’s thumb back in place failed.That’s when doctors came up with another suggestion:Remove one of his big toes to where his thumb used to be.Mitchell’s lead surgeon,Sean Nicklin,understood the man’s dilemma at first,calling it a“bit of a crazy idea”.After all,Zac Mitchell did not want to be injured in another part of his body.But as the thumb is incredibly important function-wise,Mitchell eventually gave in.Nicklin explains that the big toe is surprisingly fit for a thumb switch:Nerves sync up(同步)nicely,and it looks more like a thumb,though a giant one,than any other alternative they may have come up with.He added that big toes aren’t as necessary for b alance and walking as people believe.As far as the foot goes,occasional“fine balance”activities like surfing might be difficult,but most people without a big toe function fine in everyday tasks like walking and even competitive sports.The eight-hour surgery went well,and Mitchell is expected to have a year or so of recovery in front of him before he heads back into the fields.24.What happened to Zac Mitchell on April4th?A.He cleaned up a bull.B.He was badly hurt.C.He started his farm.D.He lost his thumbs.25.What suggestion did the doctor give to Mitchell after the unsuccessful surgery?A.Recreating a new thumb in place.B.Replacing the thumb with his toe.C.Transplanting his co-worker’s thumb.D.Putting back the cut-off thumb again.26.What is Mitchell’s first attitude to the doctor’s another suggestion?A.Optimistic.B.Insignificant.C.Hesitant.D.Rejective.27.According to Nicklin,after the surgery Mitchell is able to.A.surf on the seaB.do daily activitiesC.only stay at homeD.work on wheelchairC（安徽省亳州市2017-2018学年第一学期高三期末试题）Most people know that listening to music when they are feeling down or depressed can encourage their spirits.However studies have also shown that music,especially certain tones can reduce stress.Music can change brainwave patterns,deepen breathing,and bring on a totally stress-free and more open mindset（心态）.Using music to relax when considering a particular problem may not only raise your mood,but also could help you reach that"a-ha"moment and find a solution.Music has also been shown not only to make you feel good,but also,to be a great motivator.For example,during exercise,listening to music can keep you going,or get you to exercise more by helping you to ignore negative feelings of tiredness and focus on the pleasurable feelings you get from being absorbed in the music.Music is mainly used to record emotion.When we listen to a piece of music we share the artist's feelings on a visceral（本来的）level.That can be sad,and who among us hasn't put on a painful love song to share in the misery after a bad break-up?On the contrary,we can share in the delight of songs of joy and happiness,or any song or piece of music that reminds us of a particular happy time in our past.So next time you are feeling down,put on Beethoven's Ode to Joy,I bet you will feel a lot better about whatever it was that was bothering you!28.We can infer from the first paragraph that music can.A.benefit you in many waysB.promote you to find more questionsC.change the patterns of your lifestyleD.influence your attention to a problem29.The author wrote the second paragraph mainly to.A.tell us a storyB.make some commentsC.give us an exampleD.list some facts30.When we enjoy a piece of sad music,.A.we'll share the artist's feelings deeplyB.we may recall our miserable pastC.we may be reminded of particular joyD.we'll show mercy on the artist's life31.What's the best title of the text?A.What music means to a music loverB.Why people love happy musicC.What kind of music is popularD.How music changes your lifeD（广东省化州市2018届高三第二次联考）There’s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World.Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people.The UN understands this too–––that’s why it made Nov16th“International Day for Tolerance”.But first of all,what is tolerance?According to French philosopher Voltaire,tolerance is the consequence of humanity.We are all formed of frailty(脆弱)and error;let us pardon each other’s fool–––that is the first law of nature.”Very often,people don’t realize that they’re intolerant.This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance.For example,the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males.But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put themselves in the shoes of women.It’s worth thinking a little about the words“tolerance”and“intolerance”.Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here?To agree to be“tolerant”of someone isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing.When someone is tolerated,it implies that there’s something wrong with them.Still,what Voltaire said stands:We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share.That’s the reason we should be tolerant.It’s a little like generosity.We can give things to another person,and we can also give our forgiveness.32.What’s the purpose of the UN“International Day For Tolerance”?A.To arouse people’s awareness of tolerance among people.B.To celebrate the founding of the UN.C.To solve the problem of global warming.D.To change peopled opinion towards globalization.33.Why do men behave intolerantly towards women?A.Because men don’t realize the purpose of the UN.B.Because men are physically stronger than women.C.Because men don’t appreciate the shoes of women.D.Because men are not willing to understand women.34.Why is it meaningless to use the words“tolerance”and“intolerance”?A.Because they are hard to pronounce in English.B.Because they don’t express the exact meaning people refer to.C.Because they can’t be translated into other languages.D.Because they can’t be used in a respectful way.35.In what sense is“tolerance”similar to“generosity”?A.Humans are advised to treat others better.B.Humans leant to find faults in others.C.Humans need to give something to others.D.Humans will change their attitudes to others.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分;：共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

CWhat Cocktail Parties Teach UsYou’re at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel (分贝) level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This ability is what researchers call the “cocktail-party effect.”Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain—in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, “it’s as if only one person was speaking alone,” says investigator Edward Chang.These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren’t very good at multitasking-our brains are wired for “selective attention” and can focus o n only one thing at a time. That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation (刺激). But we keep trying to push the limit with multitasking, sometimes with tragic consequences. Drivers talking on cellphones, for example, are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren’t.Many of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness”, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren’t focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision. Images land on our retinas (视网膜) and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. “It’s a push-pull relationship-the more we focus on one thing, the less we can focus on others,” says Diane M. Beck, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois.Studies over the past decade a t the University of Utah show’ that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-held phones because it is the conversation, not the device that is distracting their attention. Those talking on any kind ofcellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists.Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important — like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say.43. What have scientists in University of Cali fornia found about “the cocktail-party effect”？A. Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone.B. All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level.C. The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively.D. Sounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain,44. What do we learn from the passage?A. We are biologically incapable of multitasking.B. We survive distractions in life by multitasking,C. We cannot multitask without extra attention.D. We benefit from pushing the limit with multitasking.45. Which of the following is an example of “inattentional blindness”？A. A careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident.B. Police scanned the crowds and located the criminal.C. A manager talked on a hands-free phone with his client,D. A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing.46. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. compare and contrastB. inform and explainC. argue and discussD. examine and evaluate第二部分阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分;：共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。