《国际金融学》课后练习

裴平《国际金融学》第3版课后习题-第六章至第十二章【圣才出品】第6章国际金融市场1．简述离岸金融市场的含义。

答：离岸金融市场是指非居民之间金融资产交易的场所。

这是相对于国内金融市场（在岸）而言的，其一般含义为在原货币发行国境外进行各种金融资产交易的场所，比如像欧洲美元市场或者欧洲货币市场，由于是境外交易，其参与者就应该是交易地点的东道国的非居民。

根据离岸金融市场的功能和经营管理特征来划分，可以把离岸金融市场分为内外混合型离岸金融市场、内外分离型离岸金融市场，以及避税港型离岸金融市场。

（1）内外混合型离岸金融市场（或称一体化离岸金融市场）。

内外混合型离岸金融市场是指该市场的业务和国内金融市场市场的业务不分离，目的在于发挥两个市场资金和业务的相互补充和相互促进作用。

该市场的主要特征有：①市场的主体包括居民和非居民；②交易的币种是除东道国货币以外的可自由兑换货币；③该市场的业务经营非常自由，不受东道国国内金融法规的约束，国际和国内市场一体化。

（2）内外分离型离岸金融市场（或称分离型离岸金融市场）。

这种类型的离岸金融市场是专门为进行非居民交易而创建的金融市场，具有同国内金融市场相分离的特征，表现为东道国金融管理当局对所设立的离岸金融市场中的交易予以金融和税收的优惠，对境外资金的流入不受国内金融法规的约束，但离岸业务必须与国内（在岸）账户严格分离，其目的是将离岸金融活动与东道国国内（在岸）货币活动隔绝开来。

（3）避税港型离岸金融市场（或称名义性离岸金融市场）。

避税港型离岸金融市场又称“走账型”或“簿记型”离岸金融市场。

这种市场实际上不进行实际的金融交易，各银行只是在这个不征税的地区（国家）建立“空壳”分行，通过这种名义上的机构在账簿上中介境外与境外的交易，以逃避税收和管制。

2．简述20世纪90年代国际金融市场的新特征。

答：20世纪90年代，金融全球化的趋势日益明显，国际金融市场上的金融活动呈现出新的特征有：（1）金融衍生产品市场迅速拓展。

国际金融学_东北财经大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.欧洲票据是借款人发行的短期无担保（）。

参考答案:本票2.在欧洲货币市场上的可转让定期存单一般简称为欧洲（）单。

参考答案:CD3.欧洲货币短期资金融通市场是国际货币市场的主体部分，具体又可分为（）。

参考答案:欧洲银行同业拆借市场_欧洲票据市场4.国际资本市场可分为（）。

参考答案:国际中长期信贷市场_国际股票市场_国际债券市场5.与国际商品市场和国内金融市场相比，国际金融市场具有如下特点：（）。

参考答案:市场主体广泛，影响范围广大_金融管制相对放松_全天候交易的市场_无形市场6.国际中长期信贷的借款人主要是世界各国政府、国际性金融机构及大型企业。

个人一般不能成为此种业务的借款人。

参考答案:正确7.虽然黄金已经退出货币流通领域，但黄金市场仍是国家调节国际储备资产的重要手段，也是居民调节个人财富储藏形式的一种方式。

参考答案:正确8.由于境外美元存贷业务首先出现在了欧洲，所以境外美元被称为欧洲美元。

参考答案:正确9.对进出口商来说手续简便、费用低，但同时风险大、资金负担不平衡的结算方式是（）。

参考答案:汇款10.使用某些结算方式和特定的工具，实现跨国界资金转移与资金收付的国际结算是（）。

参考答案:外汇银行11.以银行为付款人的即期汇票是（）。

参考答案:支票12.国际结算方式包括（）。

参考答案:汇款_托收_信用证_保函、保理13.国际结算中的票据指（）。

参考答案:汇票_本票_支票14.国际结算中的基本单据指（）。

参考答案:商业发票_提单_保险单15.国际储备量与月平均进口额之比一般应是相当于几个月进口用汇额（）。

参考答案:三个月16.目前中国外汇储备额排在世界（）。

参考答案:第一位17.按照IMF规定，一国国际储备构成包括（）。

参考答案:黄金储备_外汇储备_在基金组织储备头寸_特别提款权18.在中国外汇储备中，哪种储备占比最大（）。

2022-2023-2国际金融学习通课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.欧元正式启动的时间是（）参考答案:1999.1.12.当一国货币贬值时，会引起该国外汇储备（）参考答案:数量的增加3.国际收支平衡表中的金融账户包括一国的（）参考答案:对外借贷的收支###对外投资的收支4.当一国的国际收支出现结构性不平衡时，许多发展中国一般倾向于采取一些（）措施。

参考答案:财政和货币政策5.在下列储备资产中，盈利性最高的是（）参考答案:中期外国政府债券6.在经济繁荣时期，由于国内需求旺盛，进出口业务会发生相应的变动，则国际收支可能出现（）。

参考答案:逆差7.外债余额与国内生产总值的比率，称为（）参考答案:负债率8.专门向低收入国家提供长期贷款的国际金融机构是（）参考答案:国际开发协会9.IMF的资金来源是（）参考答案:信托基金###份额###借款10.我国的货币制度规定，人民币应具有以下特点（）参考答案:具有无限法偿能力###与黄金没有直接联系###是不可兑现的银行券11.被称为战后国际经济秩序的三大支柱是（）参考答案:联合国组织###世界贸易组织###国际货币基金组织12.离岸金融市场的特征（）参考答案:市场参与者是市场所在国的非居民###资金融通业务基本不受市场所在国及其他国家的政策法规的约束###交易的货币是市场所在国之外的货币13.布雷顿森林体系的致命弱点是（）参考答案:特里芬难题14.向私人企业发放贷款而不需政府担保的国际金融组织是（）参考答案:国际金融公司15.一国外债负债率的安全线是（）参考答案:20%16.E、参考答案:外商进行股权投资，并且占比达到10%###扩大再生产###外商与本土企业兴办合资企业###利润再投资17.根据复式记账原则，居于国际收支平衡表借方的项目有（）。

参考答案:本国居民偿还非居民债务###进口商品###官方储备增加18.国际收支调节的需求管理政策包括（）参考答案:直接管制政策###货币政策###财政政策###汇率政策19.国际直接投资形式包括（）参考答案:用投资利润在投资###通过收购国外企业取得管理权###创办新企业20.关于资本账户，下列说法正确的是（）。

第一章国际收支一、选择题1. 《国际收支和国际投资头寸手册》(第六版)将国际收支账户分为( )。

A．经常账户B．资本账户C．储备账户D．金融账户2. 国际收支反映的内容是以交易为基础的，其中交易包括( )。

A．交换B．转移C．移居D．其他根据推论而存在的交易3. 经常账户包括( )。

A．商品的输出和输入B．运输费用C．资本的输出和输入D．财产继承款项4．下列项目应记入贷方的是( )。

A．反映进口实际资源的经常项目B．反映出口实际资源的经常项目C．反映资产增加或负债减少的金融项目D．反映资产减少或负债增加的金融项目5．若在国际收支平衡表中，储备资产项目为–100亿美元，表示该国( )。

A．增加了100亿美元的储备B．减少了100亿美元的储备C．人为的账面平衡，不说明问题D．无法判断6．下列( )账户能够较好地衡量国际收支对国际储备造成的压力。

A．货物和服务账户差额B．经常账户差额C．资本和金融账户差额D．综合账户差额7．因经济和产业结构变动滞后所引起的国际收支失衡属于( )。

A．临时性不平衡B．结构性不平衡C．货币性不平衡D．周期性不平衡E．收入性不平衡8．国际收支顺差会引起( )。

A．外汇储备增加B．国内经济萎缩C．国内通货膨胀D．本币汇率下降二、判断题1．国际收支是一个流量的、事后的概念。

( )2．国际货币基金组织采用的是狭义的国际收支概念。

( )3．资产减少、负债增加的项目应记入借方。

( )4．由于一国的国际收支不可能正好收支相抵，因而国际收支平衡表的最终差额绝不恒为零。

( )5．理论上说，国际收支的不平衡指自主性交易的不平衡，但在统计上很难做到。

6．因经济增长率的变化而产生的国际收支不平衡，属于持久性失衡。

( ) 7．资本和金融账户可以无限制地为经常账户提供融资。

( )8．综合账户差额比较综合地反映了自主性国际收支状况，对于全面衡量和分析国际收支状况具有重大意义。

( )三、填空题1．国际收支是一个货币的、流量的、事后的概念，它反映的内容以交易为基础，其范围局限于一国居民与非居民之间的交易。

《国际金融学》习题与答案《国际金融学》习题与答案.txt当你以为自己一无所有时，你至少还有时间，时间能抚平一切创伤，所以请不要流泪。

能满足的期待，才值得期待；能实现的期望，才有价值。

保持青春的秘诀，是有一颗不安分的心。

不是生活决定何种品位，而是品位决定何种生活。

《国际金融学》习题答案《国际金融学》习题答案一、简答题1、国际收支平衡表的编制原理是什么?（1）记帐制度——复式簿记原理。

记账规则：有借必有贷，借贷必相等。

入表原则：凡是引起外汇流出的项目记入该项目的借方，凡是引起外汇流入的项目记入该项目的贷方。

（2）交易的记载时间。

IMF建议采用“权责发生制”，即所有权变更原则。

（3）记帐单位，国际收支平衡表一般按外币记载。

（4）定值（Valuation）在可以得到市场价格的情况下，按市场价格对交易定值债务工具大多按面值定值货物出口按离岸价格（FOB）定值来自海关的进口数据是到岸价格（CIF）数据，采用5%的调整系数，以得到离岸价格(FOB)数据。

2、国际收支平衡表的分析方法有哪些?（1）静态分析。

静态分析是对某一国一个时期的国际收支平衡表进行逐项,细致的分析。

包括：贸易差额；劳务差额；经常项目差额；基本差额；国际收支总差额。

（2）动态分析。

动态分析是对某国若干连续时期的国际收支平衡表进行分析。

动态分析实际上是对一国的国际收支进行纵向分析。

（3）比较分析。

比较分析是对不同国家同一时期的国际收支平衡表进行分析比较.将某一国某个时期的国际收支平衡表与其他国家进行对比，可以了解该国的国际经济地位和经济实力。

3、国际收支失衡的主要原因是什么?引起一国国际收支失衡的原因很多，概括起来主要有临时性因素、收入性因素、货币性因素、周期性因素和结构性因素。

（1）临时性失衡。

临时性失衡是指各国短期的、由非确定或偶然因素引起的国际收支失衡。

自然灾害、政局变化等意料之外的因素都可能对国际收支产生重大的影响。

（2）收入性失衡。

收入性失衡是指各国经济增长速度不同所引起的国际收支失衡。

《国际金融学》练习题一、判断题1、国际货币基金组织和世界银行集团是世界上成员国最多、机构最庞大的国际金融机构。

（对）2、国际清算银行是世界上成员国最多、机构最庞大国际金融机构。

（错）3、国际货币基金组织会员国提用储备部分贷款是无条件的，也不需支付利息。

（对）4、国际货币基金组织会员国的投票权与其缴纳的份额成反比。

（错）5、国际货币基金组织的贷款只提供给会员国的政府机构。

（对）6、国际货币基金组织的贷款主要用于会员国弥补国际收支逆差。

（错）7、参加世界银行的国家必须是国际货币基金组织的成员国。

（对）8、参加国际货币基金组织的成员国一定是世界银行的成员国。

（错）9、被称为资本主义世界的第一个“黄金时代”的国际货币体系是布雷顿森林体系。

（错）10、布雷顿森林协定包括《国际货币基金协定》和《国际复兴开发银行协定》。

（对）11、“特里芬两难”是导致布雷顿森林体系崩溃的根本原因。

（对）12、牙买加体系是以美元为中心的多元化国际储备体系（对）。

13、牙买加体系完全解决了“特里芬两难”。

（错）14、蒙代尔提出的汇率制度改革方案是设立汇率目标区。

（错）15、威廉姆森提出的汇率制度改革方案是恢复国际金本位制。

（错）16、欧洲支付同盟成立是欧洲货币一体化的开端。

（对）17、《政治联盟条约》和《经济与货币联盟条约》，统称为“马斯特里赫特条约”，简称“马约”。

（对）18、《马约》关于货币联盟的最终要求是在欧洲联盟内建立一个统一的欧洲中央银行并发行统一的欧洲货币。

（对）19、政府信贷的利率较低，期限较长，带有援助性质，但是有条件。

（对）20、国际金融机构信贷的贷款利率通常要比私人金融机构的低，而且贷款条件非常宽松。

（错）21、在国际债务结构管理中，应避免尽量提高长期债务的比重，减少短期债务的比重。

（对）22、在国际债务的结构管理上，应尽量提高浮动利率债务的比重，减少固定利率债务的比重。

（错）23、在国际债务的结构管理上，应尽量提高官方借款的比重，减少商业借款的比重。

第一章国际收支2．怎样理解国际收支的均衡与失衡?答：由于一国的国际收支状况可以从不同的角度分析，因此，国际收支的均衡与失衡也由多种含义。

国际收支平衡的几种观点：一，自主性交易与补偿性交易，它认为国际收支的平衡就是指自主性交易的平衡；二，静态平衡与动态平衡的观点，静态平衡是指在一定时期内国际收支平衡表的收支相抵，差额为零的一种平衡模式。

它注重强调期末时点上的平衡。

动态平衡是指在较长的计划期内经过努力，实现期末国际收支的大体平衡。

这种平衡要求在同际收支平衡的同时，达到政府所期望的经济目标；三，局部均衡与全面均衡的观点，局部均衡观点认为外汇市场的平衡时国际收支平衡的基础，因此，要达到国际收支平衡，首先必须达到市场平衡。

全面均衡是指在整个经济周期内国际收支自主性项目为零的平衡。

国际收支失衡要从几个方面进行理解，首先是国际收支失衡的类型，一，根据时间标准进行分类，可分为静态失衡和动态失衡。

二，根据国际收支的内容，可分为总量失衡和结构失衡。

三，根据国际收支失衡时所采取的经济政策，可分为实际失衡和潜在失衡。

其次，国际收支不平衡的判定标准，一，账面平衡与实际平衡；二，线上项目与线下项目；三，自主性收入与自主性支出。

最后，国际收支不平衡的原因，导致国际收支失衡的原因是多方面的，周期性的失衡，结构性失衡，货币性失衡，收入性失衡，贸易竞争性失衡，过度债务性失衡，其他因素导致的临时性失衡。

6．一国应该如何选择政策措施来调节国际收支的失衡？答：一国的国际收支失衡的调节，首先取决于国际收支失衡的性质，其次取决于国际收支失衡时国内社会和宏观经济结构，再次取决于内部均衡与外部平衡之间的相互关系，由于有内外均衡冲突的存在。

正确的政策搭配成为了国际收支调节的核心。

国际收支失衡的政策调节包括有：货币政策，财政政策，汇率政策，直接管制政策，供给调节政策等，要相机的选择搭配使用各种政策，以最小的经济和社会代价达到国际收支的平衡或均衡。

其次，在国际收支的国际调节中，产生了有名的“丁伯根原则”，“米德冲突”，“分派原则”,他们一起确定了开放经济条件下政策调控的基本思想，即针对内外均衡目标，确定不同政策工具的指派对象，并且尽可能地进行协调以同时实现内外均衡。

《国际金融学》章节练习题本教材练习题概况：第一章外汇与汇率一、单项选择题1、动态的外汇是指（ D ）。

P1A、国际结算中的支付手段B、外国货币C、特别提款权D、国际汇兑2、静态的外汇是以（ B ）表示的可用于国际之间结算的支付手段。

P1A、本国货币B、外国货币C、外国有价证券D、外国金币3、外汇是在国外能得到偿付的货币债权，它具（ C ）。

P2A、稳定性B、保值性C、可自由兑换性D、筹资性4、按外汇买卖交割期限划分，可分为（ D ）。

P3A、自由外汇与记账外汇B、贸易外汇与非贸易外汇C、短期外汇与长期外汇D、即期外汇与远期外汇5、直接标价法（ D ）。

P5A、是以一定单位的外国货币作为标准折算为本国货币来表示的汇率B、是以一定单位的本国货币作为标准折算为外国货币来表示的汇率C、是以美元为标准来表示各国货币的价格D、是以一定单位的本国货币作为标准折算为一定数额的外国货币来表示的汇率6、若某日外汇市场上A银行报价如下：美元/日元：119.73欧元/美元：1.1938Z先生要向A银行购入1欧元，要支付多少日元（ A ）？P5A、142.9337B、143.7956C、100.0251D、100.62827、若某日外汇市场上A银行报价如下：美元/日元：119.73/120.13美元/加元：1.1490/1.1530Z先生要向A银行卖出10000日元，能获得多少加元（ D ）？P5A、72.69B、72.20C、96.30D、95.658、金本位制下汇率的决定基础是（ B ）。

P9A、金平价B、铸币平价C、绝对购买力平价D、相对购买力平价9、利率对汇率的变动影响有（ C ）。

P12A、利率上升，本国汇率上升B、利率下降，本国汇率下降A、需比较国外汇率及本国的通货膨胀率而定D、无法确定10、人民币自由兑换的含义是（ A ）。

P17A、经常项目的交易中实现的人民币自由兑换B、资本项目的交易中实现的人民币自由兑换C、国内公民个人实现的人民币自由兑换D、经常项目和资本项目下都实现的人民币自由兑换二、名词解释题1、固定汇率：是指一国货币对另一国货币的汇率基本固定，同时将汇率的变动幅度限制在一个规定的较小范围内。

You are given the following information about a country’s international transactions during a year: a.Calculate the values of the country’s goods and services balance,current account balance,and official settlements balance?a.Merchandise trade balance: $330 - 198 = $132Goods and services balance: $330 - 198 + 196 - 204 = $124Current account balance: $330 - 198 + 196 - 204 + 3 - 8 = $119Official settlements balance: $330 - 198 + 196 - 204 + 3 - 8 + 102 - 202 + 4 = $23b.What are the value of the change in official reserve assets(net)?Is the country increasing or decreasing its net holdings of official reserve assets?b.Change in official reserve assets (net) = - official settlements balance = -$23The country is increasing its net holdings of official reserve assets.What are the major types of transactions or activities that result in supply of foreign currency in the spct foreign exchange market?Exports of merchandise and services result in supply of foreign currency in the foreignexchange market. Domestic sellers often want to be paid using domestic currency, whilethe foreign buyers want to pay in their currency. In the process of paying for these exports,foreign currency is exchanged for domestic currency, creating supply of foreign currency.International capital inflows result in a supply of foreign currency in the foreign exchangemarket. In making investments in domestic financial assets, foreign investors often startwith foreign currency and must exchange it for domestic currency before they can buy thedomestic assets. The exchange creates a supply of foreign currency. Sales of foreignfinancial assets that the country's residents had previously acquired, and borrowing fromforeigners by this country's residents are other forms of capital inflow that can createsupply of foreign currency.You have access to the following three spot exchange rates:＄0.01/YEN＄0.20/KRONE25YEN/KRONEYou strat with dollars and want to end up with dollarsa.hoe would you engage in arbitrage to profit from these three rates?what is the profit for each dollar used initially?a.The cross rate between the yen and the krone is too high (the yen value of the krone is toohigh) relative to the dollar-foreign currency exchange rates. Thus, in a profitabletriangular arbitrage, you want to sell kroner at the high cross rate. The arbitrage will be:Use dollars to buy kroner at $0.20/krone, use these kroner to buy yen at 25 yen/krone, anduse the yen to buy dollars at $0.01/yen. For each dollar that you sell initially, you canobtain 5 kroner, these 5 kroner can obtain 125 yen, and the 125 yen can obtain $1.25. Thearbitrage profit for each dollar is therefore 25 cents.b.As a result of this arbitrage,what is the pressure on the cross-rate between yen and krone?what must the value of the cross-rate be to eliminate the opportunity for triangular arbitrage?b.Selling kroner to buy yen puts downward pressure on the cross rate (the yen price ofkrone). The value of the cross rate must fall to 20 (=0.20/0.01) yen/krone to eliminate theopportunity for triangular arbitrage, assuming that the dollar exchange rates areunchanged.Explain the nature of the exchange rate risk for each of the following,from the perspective of the U.S frim or person.in your answer,include whether each is a long or short position in foreign currency.a.a small U.S firm sold experimental computer computer compoments to a Japanese firm,and it will receive payment of 1 million yen in 60 days.a.The U.S. firm has an asset position in yen—it has a long position in yen. To hedge itsexposure to exchange rate risk, the firm should enter into a forward exchange contractnow in which the firm commits to sell yen and receive dollars at the current forward rate.The contract amounts are to sell 1 million yen and receive $9,000, both in 60 days.The current spot exchange rate is ＄1.20/euro.the current 90-day forward exchange rate is＄1.18/euro.you expect the spot rate to be ＄1.22/euro in 90 days.how would you speculate using a forward contract?if many people speculate in this way,what pressure is placed on the walue of the current forward exchange rate?Relative to your expected spot value of the euro in 90 days ($1.22/euro), the currentforward rate of the euro ($1.18/euro) is low—the forward value of the euro is relativelylow. Using the principle of "buy low, sell high," you can speculate by entering into aforward contract now to buy euros at $1.18/euro. If you are correct in your expectation,then in 90 days you will be able to immediately resell those euros for $1.22/euro,pocketing a profit of $0.04 for each euro that you bought forward. If many peoplespeculate in this way, then massive purchases now of euros forward (increasing thedemand for euros forward) will tend to drive up the forward value of the euro, toward acurrent forward rate of $1.22/euro.The following rates are available in the markets:Current spot exchange rate:＄0.500/SFrCurrent 30-day forward exchange rate:＄0.505/SFrAnnualized interest rate on 30-day dollar-denominated bonds:12%(1.0% for 30 days)Annualized interest rate on 30-day Swiss franc-denominated bonds:6%(0.5% for 30 days)a.Is the swiss franc at a forward premium or discount?a.The Swiss franc is at a forward premium. Its current forward value ($0.505/SFr) is greaterthan its current spot value ($0.500/SFr).b.should a U.S-based investor make a covered investment in swiss franc-denominated 30-day bonds,rather than investing 30-day dollar-denominated bonds?Explain.b.The covered interest differential "in favor of Switzerland" is ((1 + 0.005) (0.505) / 0.500)- (1 + 0.01) = 0.005. (Note that the interest rate used must match the time period of theinvestment.) There is a covered interest differential of 0.5% for 30 days (6 percent at anannual rate). The U.S. investor can make a higher return, covered against exchange raterisk, by investing in SFr-denominated bonds, so presumably the investor should make thiscovered investment. Although the interest rate on SFr-denominated bonds is lower thanthe interest rate on dollar-denominated bonds, the forward premium on the franc is largerthan this difference, so that the covered investment is a good idea.c.Because of covered interest arbitrage,what pressures are placed on the various rates?if the only rate that actually changes is forward exchange rate,to what value will it bu driven?c.The lack of demand for dollar-denominated bonds (or the supply of these bonds asinvestors sell them in order to shift into SFr-denominated bonds) puts downward pressureon the prices of U.S. bonds—upward pressure on U.S. interest rates. The extra demandfor the franc in the spot exchange market (as investors buy SFr in order to buySFr-denominated bonds) puts upward pressure on the spot exchange rate. The extrademand for SFr-denominated bonds puts upward pressure on the prices of Swissbonds—downward pressure on Swiss interest rates. The extra supply of francs in theforward market (as U.S. investors cover their SFr investments back into dollars) putsdownward pressure on the forward exchange rate. If the only rate that changes is theforward exchange rate, this rate must fall to about $0.5025/SFr. With this forward rate andthe other initial rates, the covered interest differential is close to zero.Why is testing whether uncovered interest parity holds for actual rates more difficult than testing whether covered interest parity holds?In testing covered interest parity, all of the interest rates and exchange rates that areneeded to calculate the covered interest differential are rates that can observed in the bondand foreign exchange markets. Determining whether the covered interest differential isabout zero (covered interest parity) is then straightforward (although some more subtleissues regarding timing of transactions may also need to be addressed). In order to testuncovered interest parity, we need to know not only three rates—two interest rates and thecurrent spot exchange rate—that can be observed in the market, but also one rate—theexpected future spot exchange rate—that is not observed in any market. The tester thenneeds a way to find out about investors' expectations. One way is to ask them, using asurvey, but they may not say exactly what they really think. Another way is to examinethe actual uncovered interest differential after we know what the future spot exchange rateactually turns out to be, and see whether the statistical characteristics of the actualuncovered differential are consistent with an expected uncovered differential of aboutzero (uncovered interest parity)the following rates currently exist:spot exchange rate:＄1.000/euro.Annual interest rate on 180-day euro-denominated bonds:3%Annual interest rate on 180-day U.S dollar-denominated bonds:4%Ibvestors currently expect the spot exchange rate to be about＄1.005/euro in180 days.a.show that uncovered interest parity holds(approximately)at these ratesa.The euro is expected to appreciate at an annual rate of approximately ((1.005 -1.000)/1.000)⊕(360/180)⊕100 = 1%. The expected uncovered interest differential isapproximately 3% + 1% - 4% = 0, so uncovered interest parity holds (approximately).What is likely to be the effect on the spot eschange rate if the interest rate on 180-day dollar-denominated bonds declines to 3%? If the euro interest rate and the expected future spot rate are unchanged,and if uncovered interest parity is reestablished,what will the new current spot exchange rate be?has the dollar appreciated or depreciated?b.If the interest rate on 180-day dollar-denominated bonds declines to 3%, then the spotexchange rate is likely to increase—the euro will appreciate, the dollar depreciate. At theinitial current spot exchange rate, the initial expected future spot exchange rate, and theinitial euro interest rate, the expected uncovered interest differential shifts in favor ofinvesting in euro-denominated bonds (the expected uncovered differential is now positive,3% + 1% - 3% = 1%, favoring uncovered investment in euro-denominated bonds. Theincreased demand for euros in the spot exchange market tends to appreciate the euro. Ifthe euro interest rate and the expected future spot exchange rate remain unchanged, thenthe current spot rate must change immediately to be $1.005/euro, to reestablish uncoveredinterest parity. When the current spot rate jumps to this value, the euro's exchange ratevalue is not expected to change in value subsequently during the next 180 days. Thedollar has depreciated immediately, and the uncovered differential then again is zero (3%+ 0% - 3% = 0)You observe the following current rates:Spot exchange rate:＄0.01/yenAnnual interest rate on 90-day U.S dollar-denominated bonds:4%Annual interest rate on 90-day yen-denominated bonds:4%a.if uncovered interest parity holds,what spot exchange rate do investors expect to exist in 90 days?a.For uncovered interest parity to hold, investors must expect that the rate of change in thespot exchange-rate value of the yen equals the interest rate differential, which is zero.Investors must expect that the future spot value is the same as the current spot value,$0.01/yen.b.a close U.S presidential has just been decided.the candidate whom international investors view as the stronger and more probusiness person won.because of this,investors expect the exchange rate to be＄0.0095/yen in 90 days.what will happen in the foreign exchange market?b.If investors expect that the exchange rate will be $0.0095/yen, then they expect the yen todepreciate from its initial spot value during the next 90 days. Given the other rates,investors tend to shift their investments toward dollar-denominated investments. Theextra supply of yen (and demand for dollars) in the spot exchange market results in adecrease in the current spot value of the yen (the dollar appreciates). The shift toexpecting that the yen will depreciate (the dollar appreciate) sometime during the next 90days tends to cause the yen to depreciate (the dollar to appreciate) immediately in thecurrent spot market.To aid in its efforts to get reelected,the current government of o country decides to increase the growth rate of the domestic money supply by two percentage points.the increased growth rate becomes”permanene”because once started it is difficult to reverse.a.according to the monetary approach,how will this affect the long-run trend for the exchange rate value of the country’s currency?a.Because the growth rate of the domestic money supply (M s ) is two percentage pointshigher than it was previously, the monetary approach indicates that the exchange ratevalue (e) of the foreign currency will be higher than it otherwise would be—that is, theexchange rate value of the country's currency will be lower. Specifically, the foreigncurrency will appreciate by two percentage points more per year, or depreciate by twopercentage points less. That is, the domestic currency will depreciate by two percentagepoints more per year, or appreciate by two percentage points less.b.explain why the nominal exchange rate trend is affected,referring to PPPb.The faster growth of the country's money supply eventually leads to a faster rate ofinflation of the domestic price level (P). Specifically, the inflation rate will be twopercentage points higher than it otherwise would be. According to relative PPP, a fasterrate of increase in the domestic price level (P) leads to a higher rate of appreciation of theforeign currency.A country has a marginal propensity to save of 0.15 and a marginal propensity to import of 0.4 real domestic spending now decreases by＄2 billiona.according to the spending multiplier(for a small open economy),,by how much will domestic product and income change?a.The spending multiplier in this small open economy is about 1.82 (= 1/(0.15 + 0.4)). Ifreal spending initially declines by $2 billion, then domestic product and income willdecline by about $3.64 billion (= 1.82⋅$2 billion)b.what is the change in the country’s imports?b. If domestic product and income decline by $3.64 billion, then the country's imports willdecline by about $1.46 billion (= $3.64 billion⋅0.4).c.if this country is large,what effect will this have on foreign product and income?explainc. The decrease in this country's imports reduces other countries' exports, so foreign productand income decline.d.will the change in foreign product and income tend to counteract or reinforce the change in the first country’s domestic product and income?explaind. The decline in foreign product and income reduce foreign imports, so the first country'sexports decrease. This reinforces the change (decline) in the first country's domesticproduct and income—an example of foreign-income repercussions.。