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浙江2020高考英语阅读理解（细节理解）精讲精练（附答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题)；2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题) ；3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题)；4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。
【细节理解题】Ⅰ. 细节理解题一般可分为：直接信息题、间接信息题和信息综合题。
1. 直接信息题：先看题干，以便在阅读的过程中更快找出相关事实细节。
2. 间接信息题：需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。
3. 信息综合题：涉及文章中的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
Ⅱ. 正确答案的特点：与原文信息表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。
Ⅲ. 干扰项的特点：1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3. 与原文信息极为相似，只是在程度上有些不同；4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
【真题回放一】How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.（2019 浙江卷阅读理解A篇）42. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright .A. praised his plows in publicB. placed a sign outside the shopC. hung an arrow pointing to the shopD. showed his products to the customers42. B。
高中英语阅读理解细节理解题40题1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Thing 1B. Thing 2C. Thing 3D. Thing 4答案：D。
本题考查对文章细节的理解。
在原文中依次提到了Thing 1、Thing 2 和Thing 3，而Thing 4 没有提及。
2.According to the passage, what is the main reason for something?A. Reason 1B. Reason 2C. Reason 3D. Reason 4答案：B。
原文中明确指出主要原因是Reason 2，其他选项Reason 1、Reason 3 和Reason 4 在文中并未提及是主要原因。
3.The author mentioned all of the following details EXCEPT _.A. Detail 1B. Detail 2C. Detail 3D. Detail 4答案：D。
文章中详细描述了Detail 1、Detail 2 和Detail 3，而Detail 4 并没有被提及。
4.What can we know from the passage about a certain person?A. Fact 1B. Fact 2C. Fact 3D. Fact 4答案：C。
根据文章内容，关于这个人我们可以知道Fact 3，而Fact 1、Fact 2 和Fact 4 与文章内容不符。
5.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A. Statement 1 is true.B. Statement 2 is true.C. Statement 3 is true.D. Statement 4 is true.答案：B。
（完整word）高考英语阅读理解细节理解类型题1．题型特点与命题方式所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。
一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。
)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型问题的基础。
这类题型的题干常为：When / Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is (NOT) correct?Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true EXCEPT…该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。
所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。
在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。
做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
2．解题思路与应试技巧细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。
通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：(1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。
把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。
(2)词性或者语态的变化。
高中英语阅读理解解题技巧PartI. 考情分析PartII. 阅读原则1、做题顺序:先题后文,题文对仗（题目顺序即文章顺序），偶有例外。
2、题目定位词停靠:首字母大写词,实意名词或动词,形容词副词PartIII. 阅读理解五大题型1、细节理解题（事实细节题）2、推理判段题3、词义猜测题4、主旨大意题5、观点态度题一、细节理解题常见的提问形式:1.Who/What/Where/When/Why/How/Which/...?2.What was the reason for...?3.At which place can...?4.All the statements are true except.5.In the passage, the author states that.6.What’s the right order of the events ?细节理解题技巧总结:1.错误选项的特点：1）明显远离定位范围2）绝对性选项（must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, none, pletely, absolutely 等…）2. 正确选项的特点：1)原文重现2)同义改写eg. UK England /BritainThe bottleneck is the supply of teachers. The lack of teachers.supplywondifferent【Example 1】The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship（战船）Bismarck（俾斯麦号）, the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to wartorn（受战争破坏的）England.The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic Ocean ______.A. to sink the Hood（胡德号战舰）B. to gain control of FranceC. to cut off American supplies to BritainD. to stop British warships reaching Germany【Example 2】The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship（战船）Bismarck（俾斯麦号）, the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to wartorn（受战争破坏的）England.The British had feared such a task. No warships（战船）they had could match the Bismark（俾斯麦号）in speed or in firepower（火力）. The Bismarck had eight 15inch guns（火炮）and 81 smaller guns. She could move at 30 nautical miles (海里) an hour. She was believed to be unsinkable（不沉的）.Many people believed that the Bismarck was the most strongest one because she ______.A. was fast and powerfulB. had more men on boardC. was under Luetjens’ mandD. had bigger guns than other ships牛刀小试：【EX. 1】However, the British had to sink her. They force their best battleship Hood（胡德号战舰）to hunt down the Bismarck（俾斯麦号）. On May 24, the Hood found the Bismarck.It was a meeting（会面）that the German mander（指挥官）did not want to see. His orders were to destroy the British ships that were carrying supplies, but to stay away from a fight with British warships.The battle didn’t last long. The Bismarck’s first torpedo (鱼雷) hit the Hood, which went down taking all but three of her 1, 419 men with her.We learn from the text that on 24 May ______.A. the British won the battle against the BismarckB. the Bismarck won the battle against the BritishC. the British gunfire damaged the Bismarck seriouslyD. the Bismarck succeeded in keeping away from the British【EX. 2】But in the fight, the Bismarck was slightly damaged . Her mander decided to run for repairs to France, which had at that time been taken by the Germans. The British force followed her. However, because of the Bismarck’s speed and the heavy fog, they lost sight of her.Her mander tried to sail（航行）to France in order to ______.A. have the ship repairedB. join the other GermansC. get help from the FrenchD. get away from the British二、推理判断题常见提问方式1.The passage implies (暗示) that_______.2.We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____.3.Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?4.What is the tone (语气) of the author ?5.What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?6.The passage is intended to (倾向于) _____.7.Where would this passage most probably appear（出现）?8.The next paragraph would most probably deal with_______.9.At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _______.技巧点拨:1.推断隐含意义【Example 1】A buildityourself solar still（自制太阳能蒸馏器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available…..The only ponents（成分）required, though, are a 5' ×5' sheet of clear（透明的）or slightly milky（略带乳白色的）plastic, six feet of plastic tube（试管）, and a container（容器）—perhaps just a drinking cup —to catch the water. These pieces can be folded（折叠）into a neat little pack and fastened（系）on your belt（腰带）.1.What do we know about the solar still （蒸馏器）from the first paragraph? （）A. It’s delicate（精致的）.B. It’s expensive.C. It’s plex.D. It’s portable（便携的）.推断隐含意义题技巧总结：①Scanning，找到相关信息点②Study reading，不但理解表层，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析③推理，以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断2.推断写作目的【Example 1】It’s an amazing acplishment（成就）and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations（企业）, and other social organizations（组织）. Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.1.What is the purpose of the last part of the text? （）A. To encourage supports.B. To advertise ing events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Center’s history.推断写作目的题技巧总结1：找句来推断写作目的。
2021年地区高考英语阅读理解文章的细节理解8例一篇文章有了话题〔topic〕，确定了要表达的中心思想〔main idea〕，还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或者表达主题，表达中心思想。
弄懂这些细节，对于理解全文的作用是不容无视的，也是归纳、概括文章中心思想的根底。
因此，在高考命题中往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或者准确地寻找所需的细节。
这类考题可以是比拟直接的，理解字面意义就可以答题；但也可能是比拟间接的，要通过归纳、综合或者推理才能答题。
例1Tom Brenna was working in a Philadelphia office building when he noticed a black bag. The bag contained a book.This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure –a 120-page diary kept 190 years a go by Deborah Logan, “a woman who knew everybody in her day,〞James Green, the librarian told the magazine American Libraries.Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia. It is also includes a description of British soldiers burning Washington, D.C. in the war of 1812. She describes President James Madison on horseback as “perfectly shaking with fear〞during the troubled days. George Washington, she writes, mistook her for the wife of a French man, and praised her excellent English.The adventure of the lost book began September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancestor (祖先) to the library Company, which he and his wife considered to be best home for the diary.Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possession “about five minutes〞when Luxmoore took it back because he had promised to show it to one other person. On returning his hotel after showing the precious book to Green, Luxmoore was shocked to realise that he had left it in the taxi.Without any delay, Green began calling every taxi company in the city, with no luck. “I’ve felt sick since then,〞Luxmoore told reporters.According to Green, no one has yet learned how the diary came to the office building. Tom Brennan received a reward of $1,000, Philadelphia gained another treasure for hit history. And Luxmoore told reporters, “It’s wonderful news. I’m on high.〞1. From the text, we learn that the diary is now owned by _______.A. Tom BrennaB. an unknown personC. a Philadelphia magazineD. the library Company of Philadelphia2. Philadelphia is thought to be the best home for the diary because ________.A. it was written in PhiladelphiaB. it tells stories about PhiladelphiaC. people in the city are interested in old thingsD. the British and Americans once fought in Philadelphia3. Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary?a. Tom Brennan found the book in an office buildingb. The book was shown to James Greenc. Cory Luxmoore arrived from Englandd. The book was left behind in a taxiA. a, b, c, dB. c, b, d, aC. a, c, d, bD. c, a, b, d注释：第3小题是掌握文章细节的第一种情况，即获取信息是比拟直接的，理解字面意义就可以答题，正确答案显然是B.第1和2 小题属掌握文章细节的第二种情况，即信息获取是比拟间接的，要通过归纳、综合或者推理才能答题。
阅读理解细节理解题【复习目标】熟练语篇类型和语篇结构明确命题规律和提问方式掌握不同题型的解题方法掌握阅读理解高频同义词转换【考情分析】近三年新高考阅读理解细节理解题细目表【网络构建】细节理解题概述命题规律：细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。
细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。
这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。
考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。
预计2024年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中,更是侧重对细节理解题的考查。
命题方式：1.特殊疑问句形式。
以when，where，what.which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。
2.填空题形式。
通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
题型和考查角度：1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
2.中频考点：数字计算题；3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。
选项特征：文章重点关注词：1.转折关系：but,however,yet,still,on the contrary,in fact,as a matter of fact,instead, unlike,by contrast等。
2.例证关系：such as,for example,for instance,take sth as an example等。
3.因果关系：because,for,since,as,so,thus,therefore,consequently,because of,due to, thanks to,as a result,result in/from,lead to,cause等。
选项重点关注词：all,never,must,most,merely,only,have to,any,completely,等。
一、高考英语细节题考察概况：1.宏观考察概况：细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题;有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。
细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
2.微观考察概况：（1）设问方式特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。
（2）考察规律①正确选项特征A.同义替换（原句重复出现，200%错。
正确的都是有改动的，即同义替换。
）(1)替换关键词。
把原文的关键词进行同义替换，如把lose one's job换成了be out of occupation(2)改变词性。
把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性，如把so much important变换成of importance(3)改变语态。
把原文主动语态转为被动语态，如restoring and repairing the bridge变换成the bridge was restoring and reparing.B.信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息; 正确答案具有概括性（考察考生的理解归纳能力），深刻性，因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。
C.正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项比如说：I constantly remained confused about the learning predicament.我一直对学习的困境感到困惑。
②干扰选项特征A.张冠李戴，无中生有B.曲解文意，答非所问C.颠倒是非，因果倒置，无原因推导（过度推断）D.正误参半，盲目推断，正反混淆二、高考英语阅读细节题三步法：第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)三、高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练1.What do we know about Astro Access?A. It redesigns jet airplanes.B. It offers weightlessness experience.C. It provides physical treatmentD. It hires the disabled to be astronauts第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向1.What do we know about Astro Access?我们对星际通道了解多少?问的角度是什么what；对象是星际通道第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero Gravity flight, organized by the group Astro Access. This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space. Flying over the Pacific Ocean off Southern California, the modified 747 jet airplane made 15 steep dives and climbs, allowing the flyers multiple periods of weightlessness.The experience left Mazyck feeling joyful. “The flight was something that I would never have experienced in my wildest dreams," she says, “especially the floating the weightlessness.原词对应：weightlessness（失重；无重状态）；experience（体验）；由于这段话没有出现转折连接词，所以判断这个段落各个句子的逻辑关系是顺承关系段落翻译：Mazyck是由Astro Access组织的零重力飞行的12名参与者之一。
