代词难点一点通概要

代词难点一点通no adj. & adv.△ No the teachers went on strike.×There are no any students in the classroom. ×1.修饰可数名词单数时，no = not aI have no friends. = I don’t have a friend.There’s no bus. = There’s not a bus.2. 修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词时，no = not anyTher e are no people in the room. = There aren’t any people in the room.I have no time. = I have not any time.There is no water in the glass. = There isn’t any water in the glass.3. no修饰名词时，这个名词前不能有冠词 (a / the)、物主代词(my / your…)、指示代词(this / that) 或all / every，如果有，要改为none of…。

none of = not any ofNone of my friends came to the party. = Not any of my friends came to the party. No teachers went out. (不说No the teachers went out.)none 指人或指物, 其后常接of短语。

none of + 复数名词（或代词），其后的动词单复均可。

none of + 物质名词或抽象概念，其后的动词要用单数。

None of them have / has seen him.None of this money belongs to me.None of her relations are / is interested.none 还可以单独使用，如：“Is there any coal left?”“No, none at all.”“How many students are there in the classroom?”“None.”“How many of the books have you read?”“None at all.”“How much water left is there in the bottle?”“None.”比较：No one thinks he is clever. (= Nobody thinks he is clever.) No one knows what they fought about.No one likes a person with bad manners.“Who are you speaking to?”“No one.” (or: Nobody)“Who(m) did you see enter the lonely house?”“Nobody.” (or: No one)△ No one of us attended the meeting. ×I’ve read no one of his books.×1. none 用来指人或物；no one (= nobody) 主要用来指人 (= not even one 意为：连一个也没有，语气重)。

2. none常接of 短语；no one 不能接of 短语。

3. 作主语时，none 后面的名词为复数时，动词可用单数或复数；no one 只用作单数，动词也用单数。

4. none 往往用在一定的范围内；no one 没有范围限制。

5. 回答who引导的问句用no one或nobody；回答how many或how much引导的问句用none。

6. 当谈到两个人或事时，不用no 或none，而用 neither。

much / many△John’s got many friends because he’s got much money.Tom talks much.1．much 修饰不可数名词，many 修饰可数名词，它们多用在否定句或疑问句中；在肯定句中多用a lot of, lots of, plenty of，如：Are there many people in the street? (改用any意思不同)Tom hasn’t many books. (改用any意思不同)He doesn’t know much English.Did you have much trouble with the customs?2．many 和many 在较为正式的文体中可以用在肯定句中，特别是在句首时，如：Many machines at the exhibition are made in China.Much steel has been saved.3．在肯定句中，在too, so, as之后，以及在某些含有very的词语中，常用many和much，这是正常的，如：Tom talks too much.There’s so much violence these days.Try to get as many opinions as you can.You’ve bought too many tomatoes.4．在由whether / if 引导的从句中，要用many或much。

They doubt whether he has much knowledge on that subject.few / a fewTom has a few friends besides you. (作定语)Tom has a few friends besides you.Few of them are any good. (作主语)A few of them are good.I know few of these people. (作宾语)I know few of these people.1． few修饰可数名词复数。

2． few (= not many; hardly any)含否定意义；a few (= some; several; a small number of) 含肯定意义。

3． not a few = no few = quite a few = a good few = many。

4．当 few受 every, last, past, next, some, very等词所修饰时，表示肯定意义，few 之前不再有冠词。

如：In the last few minutes, he checked up his paper again.It took us some few days to repair the machine.They are very few in number.There were too few of them.He goes to see his grandma every few weeks.5．在非正式文体中很少见，一般用或代替，如：Only a few people attended the meeting.little / a littleLittle remains to be done about it. (作主语)A little remains to be done.Please give me a little. (作宾语)He knows a little of everything.There is very / but little time left. (作定语)Don’t worry; you still have a little time.1． little修饰不可数名词，表示“量”。

2． little含否定意义(反义词：much)；a little含肯定意义(反义词：none)。

3．在非正式英语中，一般很少用little，常用not much, only a little来代替，如：We haven’t got much money / time.each1.each作为限定词用（作定语），后接单数可数名词，如：Each day is better than the one before.There is a line of trees on each side of the street.注：可以说：each sister, my sister(s)，但不可以说：each my sister。

2.当名词前有另一个限定词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词）时，要用each of，（这时的each 是代词）后接复数名词，如：Each of my aunts gave me socks for Christmas.I’ve invited each of the students in turn.注：名词前没有其他限定词不用each of，所以不能说：Each of aunts…。

3.each作为代词，也可以用在人称代词前，这时须加of，作主语时动词要用单数，如：Each of them / us had a try.Each of them is broken. (cf. Each of the cups is broken.)Each of them has his own duty.4.each本身可以独立用作代词，后面不接名词，不用of，作主语时动词要用单数，如：Each has his merits.I had some crazy dreams last night. Each was funnier than the last.注：在这种情况下，以用each one为宜，显得更自然：Each one was perfect.Each one was funnier than the last.5.each可以跟在主语之后作同位语，这时主语和动词均为复数，如：We each have our own attitude to bringing up children.The boys each have a new bike.注：动词为 be或有助动词时，each应放在其后。

His sisters have each married businessmen.The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.6.each还可以放在间接宾语之后，但一般不用在直接宾语的后面，如：She sent the children / them each a present.不说：She kisses them each.7.each还可以作副词，如：Give them two books each. (= Give each of them two books.)The students have ten books each.each / every1．each从个体着眼，强调“每个”人或物的个别情况，表示“各个”；every从整体着眼，强调共同性，意为“个个都”（= all），但有时在句中使用时并无太大的区别，如：You look more beautiful every / each time I see you.I know every / each member of the family.Each / Every man carried a box on his shoulder.2．each用于两者或两者以上；every用于三者或三者以上。