book4课后翻译

新视野大学英语4读写教程4课后翻译答案外研社新视野大学英语4 读写教程4 book4 课后翻译答案The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the world's center of cooperation in the nuclear field. It was set up as the world's “Atoms for Peace" organization in 1957 within the United Nations family. The Agency works with its member states and multiple partners worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies. As an independent international organization related to the United Nations system, the IAEA's relation ship with the UN is regulated by special agreement. In terms of its Statute, the IAEA reports annually to the UN General Assembly and, when appropriate, to the Security Council regarding non-compliance by States with their safeguards obligations as well as on matters relating to international peace and security. The IAEA Secretariat is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. Operational liaison and regional offices are located in Geneva, Switzerland; New York, USA; Toronto, Canada; and Tokyo, Japan. The IAEA's mission is guided by the interests andneeds of member states, strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute. Three main pillars or areas of work underpin the IAEA's mission: Safety and Security; Science and Technology; Safeguards and Verification.国际原子能机构是世界核领域的合作中心，它于1957年作为世界性的“原子能为和平服务”的组织而建立，成为联合国大家庭的一员。

新标准大学英语 4课后翻译Unit1“创客”指勇于创新, 努力将自己的创意变成现实的人。

这个词译自英文单词maker, 源于美国麻省理工学院 (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)微观装置实验室 (fabrication laboratory) 的课题。

该课题以客户为中心, 以创新为理念 , 由个人设计、制造知足个人需要的智能设施 , 参加该课题的学生即“创客”。

在中国 , “创客”特指拥有创新理念、自主创业的人。

中国的“创客”即包含发明新设施的科技达人, 也包含软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优异代表。

Chuangke is a term that refers to innovative people who make an effort to turn their cuttingedge ideas into reality.The term is translated from the English word maker, which is derived from the fabrication laboratory project of the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology in the US. It is a consumer-centred project, emphasizinginnovation and designed to empower individuals to develop and produce smart devices to suit personal needs. The students participating in the project are called “makers”.I n China, Chu angke refers to those who start their own businesses with innovative ideas.Chinese makers include tech-savvy people who dedicate themselves to creating new devices and distinguished innovators in various fields, such assoftware developers, artists and designers.Unit2每年在“世界念书日”这天(4月23日 ), 中国各地都会举办“全民阅读, 书香中国”的活动 , 旨在培育全民阅读的民风(ethos),让更多的人知道阅读不不过知识分子、学生的功课 ,并且是每一个人生活方式的一部分。

Book4 Unit1.研究表明：在两性及众多文化中，长相好的人，特别是从青春期开始，往往被评价为具有出色的性格特质的人。

事情为何如此？有些人觉得，由于遇见外表迷人者和品德优良者都令人愉快，我们会不假思索地把这二者混为一谈。

但是，这一说法似乎并不客观。

西安大略大学 (University of Western Ontario) 的桑波·保诺宁(Sampo Paunonen) 博士的研究发现，被形容为较诚实的人也会被认为更讨人喜欢，而越讨人喜欢的人，外貌也就更具吸引力。

Research has shown that in both sexes and across numerous cultures, especially from adolescence, good-looking people are often evaluated to be ones with exceptional personality traits. Why should this be so? Some people have perceived that since it is pleasurable to meet someone with attractive physical appearance and someone with good moral character, we automatically mix them up. But this statement does not seem to be objective. The studies by Dr. Sampo Paunonen of the University of Western Ontario reveal that people who were described as being more honest were rated as more likable, and the more likable, the more physically attractive.Unit3天坛(The Temple of Heaven) 是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”(offer sacrifices to the heaven)、“祈谷”(pray for good harvest) 的场所。

21世纪大学英语读写教程(第四册)课后翻译答案Unit 11.美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分。

家庭和教育背景这些特点被认为是不太重要的。

Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important.2.他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍它的雇主，并最终递交了辞职书的原因。

His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.3.如果你真想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，否则你就不会有任何进步。

对于其他课程也可以这么说。

If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you’ll go nowhere. The same can be said of other subjects.4.有些演员的名声靠的是他们天生的美貌，但是达斯汀?霍夫曼（Dustin Hoffman）尽管身材矮小（short stature）, 还是出类拔萃，而使他与众不同的正是他精湛的演技。

Some actors’ fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that sets him apart.5.他负责管理之后，我们发现他与前任（predecessor）有明显的不同：他有干劲和激情，想出了很多新点子，并把工作重点放在如何鼓舞我们的士气上。

An Integrated English CourseBOOK4unit1-4课后题翻译及答案Unit1Never give in,Never,Never,NeverTranslationⅠ.Translate the following sentences into English,using the words or phrase given in the bracket.1.我安排他们在小酒吧见面，但那小伙子一直都没有来。

（turn up）2.你无法仅凭表象判断形势是否变得对我们不利。

（tell from appearance）3.那个士兵每次打仗都冲锋在前，从而赢得了国家最高荣誉。

（stand in thegap）4.主席讲话很有说服力，委员会其他成员都听从他的意见。

（yield to）5.他们现在生活富裕了，但也曾经历坎坷。

(ups and down)6.这次演讲我将说明两个问题。

(address oneself to)7.我们正在筹划为你举办一次盛大的圣诞聚会。

(in somebody's honour)8.听到那个曲子，我回想起了儿童时代。

(throw one's mind back)1.I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub but the young man never turned up.2.You cannot tell merely from appearance whether things will turn out unfavourable to us or not.3.The soldier,who stood in the gap in every battle,gained the highest honors of the country.4.The chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee yielded to his opinion.5.They are well-to-do now,but along the way they had their ups and downs.6.There are two questions to which I will address myself in this lecture.7.We are planning a big Christmas party in your honour.8.Hearing that tune threw my mind back to my childhood.Ⅱ.Translate the following sentence into Chinese.They tell us that we are weak,unable to cope with so formidable an adversary.But when shall we be strong?Will it be the next week,or the next year?Will it be when we are totally disarmed?Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction?Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance,by lying supinely on our backs,and hugging the delusive phantom of hope until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot?Sir,we are not weak,if we make a proper use of means which the God of nature hath placed in our power.Three millions of people,armed in the holy caused of liberty,and in such a country as that which we possess,are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. The battle is not to the strong alone it is to the vigilant,the active, the brave,.Sir,we have no selection.If we were base enough to desire it,it is now too late to retire from the contest.There is no retreat,but in submission and slavery!The war is inevitable---and let it come!I repeat,sir,let it come!KEY他们告诉我们，我们很弱小，无法对付如此强大的敌人。

第四册Unit 1If you ask me, real life is not all it's cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It's just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that's before I've had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I'm interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won't even last till the end of the year, let alone till I'm 60.依我看，现实生活与人们想象的不一样。

新视野大学英语读写教程4（第三版）课后翻译Unit1亚里斯多德是一位古希腊哲学家和科学家。

他的著作涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学，生物学，动物学，逻辑学，伦理学，诗歌，戏剧，音乐，语言学，政治学和政府，并且构成了西方哲学的第一个综合体系。

亚里士多德是第一个将人类知识领域划分为不同学科的学科，例如数学，生物学和伦理学。

他相信所有人的观念和知识最终都基于感知。

他对自然科学的观点为他的许多作品奠定了基础。

他为那个时代的人类知识的几乎每个领域做出了贡献。

他的作品包含最早的形式逻辑学研究，直到今天，亚里斯多德哲学的各个方面仍然继续是学术研究的重要课题。

他的哲学对所有西方哲学理论的发展都产生了深远的影响。

亚里斯多德（Aristotle）逝世2300多年后，他仍然是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。

Doctrine of the Mean is the core content of Confucianism. Confucius's so-called "middle" does not mean "compromise", but refers to a "moderate" and "appropriate" method when recognizing and dealing with objective things. Confucius advocated not only to treat this kind of thinking as a way of understanding and handling things, but also to integrate it into one's daily behavior through self-cultivation and exercise, making it a virtue. The golden mean is the core of Confucianism and an important part of Chinese traditional culture. From its formation to the present, it has played an inestimable role in the construction of national spirit, the spread of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.Unit2莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）被广泛认为是英语界最伟大的作家，也是世界上杰出的戏剧家。

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4)Unit 1享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。

这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。

那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。

这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。

我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。

这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。

3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。

而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。

我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。

”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。

一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。

一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。

一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。

这么说是有道理的。

4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。

我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。

通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。

而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。

布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。

外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。

”5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。

第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。

第二单元1.玛丽看到一个贼眉鼠眼的男人走进邻居家里。

Mary saw a shifty-eyed man walking into a neighbor’s house.2.鲍勃总是嘲笑我对服饰的眼光。

Bob always sneers at my taste in clothes.3.打探别人的秘密是不礼貌的。

It is impolite to pry into other’s secrets.4.我想克里斯想要抢我的饭碗。

I think Chris is after my job.5.她看到克里斯给他使的眼色，说话的声音便越来越小了。

She trailed off, silenced by the look Chris gave her.6.那些树枝干而易断。

The branches were dry and brittle.7.收音机老是发出噼里啪啦的声响，我们几乎听不清里面说些什么。

The radio cracked so much that we could hardly hear what was said.8.地面向海倾斜。

The land slopes down to the sea.9.他的口袋里鼓鼓囊囊的塞满了钞票。

His pockets were bulging with money.10.我不得不和出租车司机就车费讨价还价。

I had to haggle with the taxi driver over the fare.第三单元1.这样的好机会千载难逢。

An opportunity as good as this arises/occurs only once in a blue moon.2.这个孩子因为私自拿了母亲包里的钱而觉得十分愧疚。

The boy felt guilty f or taking money from his mother’s handbag without permission.3.她知道他的话一句真的也没有。

包含综合教程4中的一些课文翻译及习题答案综合教程4课后答案Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaBackground informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published inSeptember XXXX in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and inBritain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job becameharder in XXXX–XXXX because the economic downturn – then a recession – meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parentsto be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if theyneed help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in XXXX is so difficult for university graduates?Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitivesituation became a lot worse in XXXX onwards with the credit crunch and economic depression, which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be activeto seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and tryto get job interviews: they won’t f indemployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours degree: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into twosubcategories, written as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of studywithout these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North America which are given different informal namesto characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after WorldWar II (1946–1960), followed by “Generation X” people (born 1960–1980) who were said to bring newattitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career beforethem. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the newmillenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by dotingparents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic namereferring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work –this may be the only work available to somegraduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something moresuitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig;when pe ople “grunt” they express disgust but do not communicate with words – this may be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in the1960s. Before thatthere were academic “grammar schools” and more general “secondary modern” schools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests, but thecomprehensive schools were designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backsideoff) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic–comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Chicken suit This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like agiant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chicken’ in Spanish) – the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to theodd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son’s university feesand living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events – at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesn’thave a job and doesn’t seem to be activel y seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents’ generation who worked hard, got jobs, and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt – hedoesn’t seem to communicate much, lies around and doesn’t get a job (or can only do a low status routingjob).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being ‘too detached’ and talking inlanguage that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn’t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise in hislanguage so he can’t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” b efore heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill outall day (they spend their time casually relaxing –they don’t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in theevening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university …(Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom – the part of yourbody that you sit on – to work your backside off is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 … but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she doesnot have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as n ormal and don’t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve ofemotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let theirchildren spend the parents’ money unnecessaril y, nor let the problem take away all their energy andemotions. Sap their reserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions. Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explainwhy the other answers are wrong (Seebelow).1 Why hasn’t Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a) He doesn’t have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. )(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c) It isn’t easy to get a job in the current financial climate. (This may be true but the passage does not mention this.) (d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No, he doesn’t seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn’t want to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service.(No, he went there once but he didn’t want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesn’t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening. (All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be likeJack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack’s friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack’s parents helping him?(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has tried to get a job himself; there’s nothing here about his parents helping him look for ajob.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America,the passage does not say thatJack’s parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more financially aware. (The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after thetrip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house.(No, they haven’t threatened to do this, but they definitely want him to work after he gets back fromhis trip.)5 What does Ga el Lindenfield say about Jack’s parents?(a) They have not really understood Jack’s problems.(No, she doesn’t say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life toocomfortable. This doesn’t mean they haven’t understood Jack’s problems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack.(No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesn’t necessarily mean that theyhave already made life too comfortable for Jack.)(c) The approach they have chosen is the right one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesn’t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a) They all did bar work before going to university.(No, we do n’t know from the passage if any of them did this.) (b) They took part in protests against nuclear power plants. (No, we don’t know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives. (This is right, although they all had completely different temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It is n’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their careeris going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when(4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass,they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard(6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or fouryears away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependentagain on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg bad ly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you bylistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) inthe same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a senseof satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in alazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are youencouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) referto it quickly and then change the subject?Reading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 “Will he ever get a job?” Who is asking this question? What mood does it express?The parents are asking this because the paragraph is addressed to parents (earlier it says “your graduateson”). The mood seems to express patience or resignation because the word “ever” suggests that gettinga job will take a long time.2 Who describes Generation Y as “rebels without a cause”? Is ita fair description?This is the writer’s description to indicate that this generation is rebelling against parents or society,but they have nothing particular to rebel against. This doesn’t seem very fair because the students aretrying to find work –it is just that they don’t like their parentsnagging them. So they are a bit rebelliousagainst their parents, but no more than that.3 Jack “walked into the university careers service and straight back out again”. What does this suggestabout Ja ck’s character?It suggests that Jack is not very determined. As soon as he saw the queue he left without waiting andwithout trying to ask about jobs or careers.4 Jack spent the summer “hiding”. Hiding from what? Why are quotation marks used?Probably this means he was hiding from the world of work, staying at home and not looking for a job.The quotation marks tell us that he wasn’t literally hiding, he just spent a lot of time at home.5 How is Mrs Goodwin’s point of view affected by her own personal experience?In one way her experience hasn’t affected her attitude: She left school and went immediately to a job(without going to university) and has been working full-time since then and yet she is sympathetic andtakes a soft line.6 How is Lindenfield’s point of view affected by her ownpersonal experience?Her personal experience was that she worked in a bar before finding her first proper job as an aerialphotographic assistant. So she says such work is a great networking opportunity. If new graduates aregood at such work and bright, cheerful and polite, they will soon be promoted. Her personal experiencethus reflects – or perhaps has created – her point of view.7 What would the first two paragraphs have focused on if they had been presented from the point of viewof the students rather than the parents?The first two paragraphs would have focused on the need for the new graduates to rest for a bit aftertheir hard studies. It is OK for students to relax with the TV or to socialize with friends for a while, thenthey can start a serious search for employment after that.Active reading (2)If you ask meBackground informationThis is an informal and personalized account of an economics graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year andthen has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). She works in a London pub called “The Salisbury”or “The Marquis Salisbury”, named after someone who was the British Prime Minister three times between1885 and 1902 and whose family once owned the pub’s land. The 100 year old pub is in Leadenhall Street,just off the Charing Cross Road and Leicester Square. Daytime customers can get a pub lunch and eveningcustomers include many office workers and theatre goers (the pub is near many West End theatres). Theinterior of this pub is dazzling, with large mirrors, cut glass and a mahogany décor.British pubs are often named after famous people (Robin Hood, The Duke of Wellington) or royalty (TheQueen’s Arms, the Prince of Wales) or historical symbols (The Rose and Crown to represent King EdwardIII, The Royal Oak to represent King Charles II who once hid in a large oak tree). Other names often includecolours and animals (The Red Bull, The Black Horse, The Golden Lion, The Swan) or symbols of traditionaltrades (The Compasses for carpenters, The Three Hammers for blacksmiths, The Three Tuns for winemakers).As the pub is a social place to meet as well as a place to get a drink, people often play games like dominoesor darts or join a quiz or competition. A common expression is to “go down the pub” or “go round to thelocal” (both meaning to go to the local pub).Culture pointspub in London: A pub is a place where people go for a drink and to meet friends and socialize. People canplay games – such as darts, cards, dominoes – in a pub and pubs often have quiz nights, with prizes for thewinners, and live music (See also Background information) The Salisbury is a well-known pub in central London (See also Background information)London School of Economics is a distinguished university in central London, famous for social sciences.Language points1 If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. (Para 1)In my opinion (If you ask me introduces an opinion), real life is not everything that people say it is. If athing is cracked up to be, people normally praise it but in the opinion of the speaker they are wrong.2 … spending money when you don’t have any is dead easy. (Para 7)Dead here means very. For example, we can say dead tired (exhausted), a dead loss (a complete loss oruseless), a dead weight (very heavy, difficult to lift).3 What were the odds on anyone being so nice? (Para 11) What are the chances that someone would be so nice? The writer is emphasizing here that such kindness isvery unusual.4 … looking bac k after all these years, you only need one or two breaks in your life to succeed.(Para 13)A break here means a chance to be successful. A lucky break is an unexpected opportunity.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What did the writer want to do after finishing her degree?(a) To do an MA at the London School of Economics.(b) To earn some money to pay off her loan.(c) To start working as soon as possible.(d) To return home and help her mother.2 Why did she ask for a job in The Salisbury?(a) She was hungry and thirsty.(b) She thought it would lead to better things.(c) She was a friend of the landlord.(d) She had the idea when she saw the landlord working.3 What did she buy with her first salary?(a) A bunch of flowers.(b) A CD and a plant for the flat she lived in.(c) A ham sandwich and a glass of beer.(d) She didn’t have any money left after paying the bills.4 Why did Tony give her £20,000?(a) He found out it was her birthday and wanted to help.(b) He trusted her and thought it would help her.(c) He wanted her to leave the pub and work for him.(d) He was secretly in love with her.5 What did she do with the money?(a) She used it to pay for her course at the LSE.(b) She lost a lot of it in the XXXX stock market crash.(c) She invested it and paid back Tony and other investors.(d) She used it to start her own business.6 Why was Tony pleased when she repaid the loan?(a) He had had an accident and needed the money for a wheelchair.(b) It meant that he would be able to see her again.(c) It proved that he had been right to invest in her.(d) She paid back the loan with a lot of interest.3 Work in pairs and answer the questions.What do we know about the writer’s:1 family background?Her mother had worked hard for 15 years to support her education but couldn’t afford any furthersupport. Her father wasn’t around most of the time. He didn’t have any money because he spent it ongambling on dog racing or drinking in pubs.2 career as a student?She had a good degree in economics and wanted to study for a masters course at the London School ofEconomics.3 ambition?She wanted to get a job in finance or investments in London because then she would be able to use herdegree.4 appreciation of other people?She a ppreciated Mike’s friendliness with customers and his skill, and she appreciated Tony as a niceperson; later she appreciated the trust of Tony and his friends5 love life?We don’t know much about this, except that she doesn’t like boys to hassle her. She thinks they areimmature.6 financial expertise?It must be quite good: She invested the £20,000 and made enough profit to pay the money back withinterest and set up her own company.7 sense of responsibility?She has a strong sense of responsibility because she paid back the money to the investors and paid theman annual interest for the loan.8 philosophy of life?She believes that you should work hard; you may need one or two breaks to succeed but you shouldknow how to use the breaks. You should be honest and responsible with people who trust you.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you und erstand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Teaching tipsWhen Ss have completed the blanks with the correct form of the appropriate words, ask them to practicereading the dialogue, trying to make their reading sound as conversational as possible. Choose a pair toperform their reading to the class. The class listens and gives the performing pair a rating on a scale of 1-10for fluency and naturalness.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to havefinancial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’tneed to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who workedthere were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend wasalways Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough tokeep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degreeend up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bitdisappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored bywhat they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers mostoften?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly tothem?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the placehappier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers。

新视野大学英语读写教程 4 （第三版）课后翻译Unit1亚里斯多德是一位古希腊哲学家和科学家。

他的著作涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学，生物学，动物学，逻辑学，伦理学，诗歌，戏剧，音乐，语言学，政治学和政府，并且构成了西方哲学的第一个综合体系。

亚里士多德是第一个将人类知识领域划分为不同学科的学科，例如数学，生物学和伦理学。

他相信所有人的观念和知识最终都基于感知。

他对自然科学的观点为他的许多作品奠定了基础。

他为那个时代的人类知识的几乎每个领域做出了贡献。

他的作品包含最早的形式逻辑学研究，直到今天，亚里斯多德哲学的各个方面仍然继续是学术研究的重要课题。

他的哲学对所有西方哲学理论的发展都产生了深远的影响。

亚里斯多德（ Aristotle ）逝世 2300 多年后，他仍然是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。

Doctrine of the Mean is the core content of Confucianism. Confucius's so-called "middle"does not mean "compromise", but refers to a "moderate" and "appropriate" method when recognizing and dealing with objective things. Confucius advocated not only to treat this kind of thinking as a way of understanding and handling things, but also to integrate it into one's dailybehavior through self-cultivation and exercise, making it a virtue. The golden mean isthe core of Confucianism and an important part of Chinese traditional culture. From its formation to the present, it has played an inestimable role in the construction of national spirit,the spread of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.Unit2莎士比亚（ William Shakespeare ）被广泛认为是英语界最伟大的作家，也是世界上杰出的戏剧家。

Key to book4 unit1-7Unit 1 Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adultIt isn’t easy to make the (1)(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how theircareer is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this,when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As thedays pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tendto regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home afterthree or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases,become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need tomake other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)(advocate)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours.(healed)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely.6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?, or (b) help you by4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want tolistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)(sympathize)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.fortunately IB I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2)didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7)to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions., is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to bedisappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition,or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informalexpression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …　This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general,vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, Icould use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …　This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …　4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …　1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than sh is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best studentresearch project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to competewith the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life asstudents, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys,god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wantsrepayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile billskeep coming in, a nd all that‘s before I‘ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me outof the blue, asking if I‘m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won‘t even last till the （?翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表the year, let alone till I‘m 60.达出来的意思。

Unit 11 我知道，不管发生什么，我都可以指望我的兄弟会支持我。

I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened .1、一般情况下，年轻人总是对现在和将来更有兴趣。

As a general rule, young people tend to be more interest in the present and the future.2、如果他们双方不妥协，就都会遭损。

Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.3、我们希望使我们的全部课程和教材都成为一个统一的整体。

It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.4、中国的书面文字一直是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。

The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.5、在中国的传统艺术中，竹子往往代表道德上的正直、刚正不阿。

In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.6、绝大多数人都赞成深化改革。

The great majority of the people stand for further reform.7、伊丽莎白一世女王统治英国45年。

在她统治期间，国家十分繁荣昌盛。

Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule. 8、真理一开始总是掌握在少数人手里。

Key to book4 unit1-7Unit 1 Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general,vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees. (c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, a nd all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。

大学英语精读第四册第三版答案【篇一：大学英语精读 4 答案】教育第一版社董亚芬主编1)thoughtful2)might as well/may as well/could as well3)draw your attention to4)marvelous5)settle for6)done with7)competitive competitive8)pains/pained9)bonus10)shrink11)delivery12)overheard13)sour14)for rent15)stack16)reproduce1)inquired2)informed3)awful4)settle for5)trash6)claimed7)normally8)a piece of cake9)be done with10)enable11)am entitled12)quite a while1)ask for2)was set up/has been set up3)pulled up4)gives off5)was held up6)keep up7)ranover8)made up9)be left out10)cutoff1)it pained jenny to learn of jims refusal to helpher with the translation.2)the extra work to be assigned to you will greatlycut into your spare time.3)wed been at the job for hours, but we hardly madea dent in it.4)you have no business saying those nasty thingsabout dick.5)we might as well listen to the radio program sincethere isnt anything interesting on television.1)standee2)payee3)grantee4)addressee5)a person who is absent6)a person who is beingt rained7)a divorced person8)a person who is appointed1)output2)breakdown3)setup4)takeoff5)drawbacks6)breakthrough7)cutback8)takeover1)paper, store, shop, case, cream2)making, keeping, bathing, conditioning, walking3)market, way, stop, board/smith, ground4)pill, water, material, point, machine5)pour, look/put/come, come,6)out, back/up, through/down/out1)a dozen years2)dozens of times3)two dozen passengers4)dozens of phone calls5)three dozen boxes6)a dozen bottles/a dozen bottles of wine1)a great deal of pain has been caused by evilswhichhave never happened2)the elderly lady miss morris quarrelled with wasnone other than her future mother-in-law3)this essay is well-written except for a fewgrammatical mistakes4)i just caught the train in time5)you cant eat your cake and have it too1)you ought to know better than to go swimmingstraight aftera meal.2)uncle rob should have known better than totrustthat treacherous son of his.3)sally is old enough to know better than to spendallher money on fancy goods.4)miss miller certainly knows better than to explorethe desert all alone.5)his college sons should have known better than totry to get the best out of their employees by threatening them with bodilyharm.6)you ought to know better than to go out in thisfreezing weather in those thin clothes. youll get frozen.1)delivery2)a piece of cake3)inquire4)pulling up5)stacks6)deadline7)marvelous8)enable9)cut into10)settle for11)settled our accounts12)minimum13)known better than1)advertisement/ad2)read3)no4)like5)words6)towards7)which8)sizes9)sitting10)water11)bottle12)one13)started14)passed15)run/pass16)into17)coming18)if19)quit20)hour21)wrote翻译1)我们接到通知，财政部长将于第二天接见我们。

新视野大学英语读写教程4（第三版）课后翻译Unit1亚里斯多德是一位古希腊哲学家和科学家。

他的著作涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学，生物学，动物学，逻辑学，伦理学，诗歌，戏剧，音乐，语言学，政治学和政府，并且构成了西方哲学的第一个综合体系。

亚里士多德是第一个将人类知识领域划分为不同学科的学科，例如数学，生物学和伦理学。

他相信所有人的观念和知识最终都基于感知。

他对自然科学的观点为他的许多作品奠定了基础。

他为那个时代的人类知识的几乎每个领域做出了贡献。

他的作品包含最早的形式逻辑学研究，直到今天，亚里斯多德哲学的各个方面仍然继续是学术研究的重要课题。

他的哲学对所有西方哲学理论的发展都产生了深远的影响。

亚里斯多德（Aristotle）逝世2300多年后，他仍然是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。

Doctrine of the Mean is the core content of Confucianism. Confucius's so-called "middle" does not mean "compromise", but refers to a "moderate" and "appropriate" method when recognizing and dealing with objective things. Confucius advocated not only to treat this kind of thinking as a way of understanding and handling things, but also to integrate it into one's daily behavior through self-cultivation and exercise, making it a virtue. The golden mean is the core of Confucianism and an important part of Chinese traditional culture. From its formation to the present, it has played an inestimable role in the construction of national spirit, the spread of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.Unit2莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）被广泛认为是英语界最伟大的作家，也是世界上杰出的戏剧家。

课程名称：大学英语读写译教材名称：大学英语读写译Book 4教学对象：大学二年级学生教学目标：1. 提高学生的英语阅读理解能力，使学生能够快速、准确地把握文章主旨和细节。

2. 培养学生的英语写作能力，使学生能够运用恰当的词汇和句型进行书面表达。

3. 提升学生的英语翻译能力，使学生能够准确、流畅地将英文翻译成中文，反之亦然。

4. 增强学生的英语综合运用能力，提高学生的英语水平。

教学内容：1. 阅读理解：选择Book 4 中的一篇文章进行阅读，分析文章结构、主旨、论点、论据等。

2. 写作：根据阅读材料，撰写一篇短文，要求内容充实、结构清晰、语言规范。

3. 翻译：将阅读材料中的一段英文翻译成中文，并确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。

教学步骤：一、导入（10分钟）1. 复习上一节课所学内容，检查学生的掌握情况。

2. 介绍本节课的学习目标，激发学生的学习兴趣。

二、阅读理解（20分钟）1. 分组讨论，让学生在小组内分享对文章的理解和感受。

2. 教师引导学生分析文章结构，如引言、主体、结论等。

3. 针对文章中的重点词汇和短语进行讲解，帮助学生理解文章内容。

三、写作（30分钟）1. 学生根据阅读材料，自由发挥，撰写一篇短文。

2. 教师巡视指导，纠正学生的语法错误和表达不当之处。

3. 学生之间互相批改作文，教师点评优秀作文。

四、翻译（20分钟）1. 学生将阅读材料中的一段英文翻译成中文。

2. 教师选取优秀翻译进行展示，并点评学生的翻译水平。

3. 学生进行互评，共同提高翻译能力。

五、总结与作业（10分钟）1. 教师总结本节课的学习内容，强调重点和难点。

2. 布置课后作业，要求学生复习所学内容，提高英语综合运用能力。

教学评价：1. 通过课堂表现和课后作业，评估学生的阅读理解能力。

2. 通过学生作文和翻译作品，评估学生的写作和翻译能力。

3. 通过学生的课堂参与度和学习积极性，评估学生的英语综合运用能力。

教学资源：1. 大学英语读写译Book 42. 课件或黑板3. 词汇卡片4. 作文批改标准备注：1. 教师应关注学生的个体差异，因材施教。