词汇同现、复现在高考英语完形填空中的应用

完形填空解题技巧: 语义复现（本文所选例句来自于2011-2017年全国卷高考真题）高考完形填空是测试学生综合运用语言能力的一种题型。

它要求学生不但具有阅读理解的能力，驾驭语法结构的能力，辨析词义的能力，而且还要具有较强的逻辑思维、分析和判断能力，同时对各类词法、句法、上下文逻辑关系、语义搭配以及写作技巧等还需具有较强的运用能力。

一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章技巧。

完形填空毕竟不同于单项选择，作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，其中篇章技巧的使用是完形填空解题中至关重要的手段。

由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此，行文中词语的重复、替代、复现等现象是不可避免的。

根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词,根据这些词之间的有机联系就可以确定答案。

所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，利用上下文寻找解题信息，如某一个词的原词、同根词、同义词或近义词、反义词等。

我们把这个解题方法称为语义复现法。

在解完形填空的过程中,我们可以利用语义复现法迅速地找到正确答案。

一、原词复现：上下文中有同一概念(语义)出现，考生可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。

如：1 (2012年全国卷) But whatever the situation is, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 55 _________.55. A. noticed B. treated C respected D. pleased2 (2013年全国卷II) But people in the streets know about him, especially those who are 22 _________.22. A. old B. busy C. kind D. poor在下文中几次出现many poor NewYorkers和help the poor，属于原词复现。

18 完形填空应对策略(微观技巧)【策略精析】微观策略1：利用词汇线索解题词汇线索主要是词语复现和词语同现。

许多试题的答案在上下文中以原词复现、同义复现、同源词复现、上下义复现、词语同现及反义复现等重复出现来表达，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。

因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的词汇复现来选择正确的答案。

1.原词复现【典例分析1】(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)One day they’ll 47.wake__up and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a __48__.I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences. I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie we’re telling...48. B. lieC. fantasyD. fact【分析】本题可以利用原词复现解题。

由下文的“I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie...”并结合语境可知，本句意为：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。

故选B项。

【典例分析2】(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same __54__ as his father’s painting.“That’s the garden in our picture，”Nicolo’s son told his father.54. B. kitchenC. hallD. garden【分析】本题可以利用原词复现解题。

完形填空同义词复现
嘿，你知道完形填空同义词复现吗？这可真是个有趣的玩意儿！就
好比你在走一条充满小惊喜的路。

比如说，你正在做一道完形填空题，哎呀，突然看到前面有个词好像很熟悉，再仔细一瞧，嘿，这不就是
之前出现过的那个词的同义词嘛！这感觉，就像你在森林里迷路了，
然后突然发现了之前做过的标记，哇，一下子就找到方向了！
咱就说有一次，我在做一份英语试卷，碰到一道完形填空。

那题可
真难啊，我左思右想，脑袋都快想破了！然后呢，突然我就看到了一
个词，咦，怎么感觉似曾相识呢？再往前面一找，哈哈，原来有个词
和它意思差不多呀！这不就是同义词复现嘛！我当时那个高兴啊，就
像找到了宝藏一样。

还有啊，我朋友也遇到过这种情况。

他愁眉苦脸地跟我说：“哎呀，这完形填空太难了，我都不知道该选啥。

”我就跟他说：“你别急呀，
好好找找有没有同义词复现。

”他听了我的话，真的就找到了，然后开
心得不得了。

你说这是不是很神奇？
完形填空同义词复现真的是一种很奇妙的现象。

它就像一把钥匙，
能帮你打开那些看似很难的题目大门。

它又像一个小提示，在关键时
刻给你指引。

你想想，要是没有同义词复现，那我们做这些题得有多
费劲啊！那简直就是在黑暗中摸索，找不到方向。

所以啊，以后做完形填空的时候，可一定要多留意有没有同义词复现哦！这可是个超级有用的小技巧呢！。

同现、复现作者：杨富章来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第06期英语语篇的连贯离不开词汇衔接，而英语的词汇衔接关系分为两种：同现和复现。

因而对于解决完形填空中的语境理解题，巧用同现复现法尤为有效。

词语同现“词语同现”，也有人称之为“词场”。

一个语篇一定是围绕某个话题进行的，同一话题就会有一些相关联的词汇共同出现。

如一篇谈学校生活的文章，有可能共同出现的单词有：teacher，classmate，student，classroom，library，laboratory，computer，score，maths，physics，study，desk，chair，holiday等，这种词汇共同出现的指向性，就叫同现。

同现词之间有同义、反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等，如differently与in difference，different与same/similar，cruel与friendly，ill与pale/patient/doctor/operation等。

我们可以根据这类相关信息确定答案。

例1 Although these wide modern roads are generally and well maintained， with little sharp curves and many straight sections， a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one.A.stableB.smoothC.splendidplicated解析 B。

本题涉及形容词和名词的同现。

与宽阔的现代化公路（wide modern roads）同现的形容词应是“平坦的”。

例2 “Hooray！” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest I had ever heard at a meet. The firstplace runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.A.cheerB.shoutC.cryD.noise解析句中Hooray， runner， finishing line和 cheer， shout是因果同现词汇，都是体育比赛中的常用词。

第四十六讲完形填空——『词汇复现』法一学习目标1. 完形满分答题技巧（二）是什么？2. 怎么利用好这个技巧？二考点解析1. 高考完形命题特点①考查综合能力，试卷中最难的一部分②强调语境，必须通过上下文信息进行判断③长度在200-400词之间④首句通常无空格，但提供语境⑤5-10词设一空，一共20个空，每空1.5分⑥4个选项为同类或同一范畴，干扰性、迷惑性较大2. 完形中的词汇『复现』“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化、同义词/近义词、反义词、上下义词等重复出现在语篇之中，使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，意义统一完整。

3. 词汇『复现』规律①原词复现②词形变化复现③同义/近义词复现④反义词复现⑤上下义词复现4.实战演练⊙Example 1What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didn’t like him.“You have no talent (天赋).You will never be a pianist.” As a nine-year-old boy, Lang Lang was badly hurt. He decided that he didn’t want to be a 40 any more. For the next two weeks, he didn’t touch the piano. Wisely, his father didn’t push, but waited.A. singerB. pianistC. conductorD. player⊙Example 2Over the next several months, my professor taught me why one story was so much better than the other. 52 was rich in metaphor（隐喻）and character development, while the other was humorous but too shallow.⊙Example 3After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced36 for a few days, I was allowed to wait tables on my own.A. managerB. assistantC. cookD. waitress⊙Example 4I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV. One day, a sociologist proposed that the 31 society has been consuming modern humans little by little.A.adultB. humanC. consumerD. bachelor⊙Example 5After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dining room where you were buried under piles of law books. I was 21 .Why were you doing what I do —memorizing textbooks and studying for tests? When you said you were in law school, I was more puzzled.A. amusedB. worriedC. puzzledD. disappointed⊙Example 6There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the remended ___.A. casesB. toolsC. stepsD. methods⊙Example 7I passed by a girl who 38 her books out of her locker. Thinking like most that someone else would help her pick them up, I continued my way. However, when I had to go back because I stupidly forgot my book, I noticed she had just finished packing them up by herself. No one had stopped to 40 her.38. A. took B. dropped C. got D. pulled40. A. please B. greet C. help D. praise⊙Example 8Nowadays many people do ridiculous things to realize their dream of “perfection.”The truth is that no one is perfect. When all potential for ugliness is removed, so is all of the potential for46 .A. courageB. wisdomC. kindnessD. beauty⊙Example 9He taught her how to rely on her other ____, specifically her hearing…A. feelingsB. organsC. skillsD. sensessmellsighttouch taste5.Summary词汇复现①原词复现②词形变化复现③同义/近义词复现④反义词复现⑤上下义词复现三练习题A篇Can one man make a difference? Ask Rossano Ercolini, the 2013 Goldman Prize winner, which is considered the Nobel Prize for “____1____”. Ercolini is a young ____2____ in a small town in Italy. After ____3____the news of reducing waste on the radio, he decided to teach his students to ____4____ paper and replace plastic water bottles in the school lunchroom with _____5___ glasses.When his town announced plans to open an incinerator （焚化炉）to burn waste, Ercolini knew it would be _____6___ for his students. Incinerators are huge heaters that burn all waste and poisonous material, leaving behind ___7_____. You might think it is ___8_____ than sending waste to landfills. It is true landfills ____9____ space, smell bad, and that poisonous materials can make underground drinking water ____10____ to use. But incinerators have their own____11____. Burning gives off poisonous gases into the air which can cause _____12___ problems. People will have to wear a mask no matter ____13____ they go. The smoke also causes pollution, and even ___14_____ the greenhouse effect.Ercolini was worried about the ____15____ of his munity and felt it was his duty to ____16____ them. He organized town hall meetings, and talked about how to reduce, reuse and recycle. ____17____ , Ercolini has advocated the zero-waste movement, the ___18_____ of which is to reduce the waste sent to landfills and incinerators to the least possible amount. He has already _____19___ plans for more than 50 incinerators in many Italian cities. ___20_____ his efforts, there are more than one hundred zero-waste towns in Italy now!【小题1】 A.Peace B.Environment C.Medicine D.Literature【小题2】 A.teacher B.farmer C.trainer D.gardener【小题3】 A.watching B.reading C.hearing D.making【小题4】 A.fold B.roll C.tear D.recycle【小题5】 A.coloured B.reusable C.thick D.valuable【小题6】 A.harmful B.necessary C.suitable D.convenient【小题7】 A.rock B.sand C.water D.ash【小题8】 A.worse B.harder C.better D.further【小题9】 A.add B.fill in C.create D.take up【小题10】 A.unsafe B.simple C.regular D.illegal【小题11】 A.difficulties B.disadvantages C.expectations D.improvements 【小题12】 A.heart B.hearing C.breathing D.weight【小题13】 A.why B.when C.how D.where【小题14】 A.reduces B.worsens C.suffers D.measures 【小题15】 A.health B.development C.justice D.employment 【小题16】 A.praise B.support cate D.entertain【小题17】 A.Anyhow B.However C.Otherwise D.Moreover 【小题18】 A.goal B.reason C.truth D.problem【小题19】 A.discussed B.defeated C.prepared D.suggested 【小题20】 A.Along with B.Except for C.Thanks to D.Instead ofB篇One effective way of destroying happiness is to look at something and focus on even the smallest fault. It’s like looking at the tiled(铺瓦) ceiling and concentrating on the space where one tile is 1 .Once I heard a bald man said, “whenever I enter a room 2 I see is hair.” Once you’ve 3 what your missing tile is, explore whether acquiring it will 4 make you happy. Then do one of the three things: Get it, replace it with a different 5 , or forget about it and 6 the tiles in your life that are not missing.We all know people who have a relatively 7 life, yet are essentially unhappy while people who have suffered a great deal but 8 remain happy.The first 9 is gratitude. All happy people are 10 . Ungrateful people cannot be happy. We tend to think that being unhappy leads people to 11 , but it’s truer to say that plaining leads people to being unhappy.The second secret is 12 that happiness is a byproduct of something else. The most obvious____13____are those pursuits that give our lives purpose—anything 14 studying insects to playing baseball. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are 15 to experience.Finally, the belief that something permanent goes beyond us and that our ____16____ has some larger meaning can help us to feel happier. We ____17___ a spiritual faith, or a philosophy; it should 18 this truth: if you choose to find the ____19____ in every situation, you will be blessed, and if you choose to find the awful, you will be cursed. As with happiness itself, this is ___20_____ your decision to make.【小题1】 A.different B.missing C.short D.broken【小题2】 A.nothing B.none C.all D.anything【小题3】 A.determined B.predicted C.assumed D.imagined【小题4】 A.pletely B.naturally C.hopefully D.really【小题5】 A.tile B.brick C.ceiling D.house【小题6】 A.look on B.focus on C.count on D.rely on【小题7】 A.peaceful B.difficult C.easy D.ordinary【小题8】 A.certainly B.merely C.hardly D.generally【小题9】 A.secret B.factor C.rule D.key【小题10】 A.wealthy B.grateful C.proud D.generous 【小题11】 A.upset B.quarrel C.plain D.depress【小题12】 A.admitting B.assuming C.proving D.realizing 【小题13】 A.sources B.results C.answers D.goals 【小题14】 A.among B.from C.through D.for【小题15】 A.probable B.possible C.likely D.capable 【小题16】 A.value B.destination C.survival D.existence 【小题17】 A.need ck C.demand D.expect 【小题18】 A.involve B.include C.absorb D.mean 【小题19】 A.worst B.best C.positive D.negative 【小题20】 A.absolutely B.totally C.exactly rgelyC篇Jane’s mother worked on the farm from dawn till dark, which just could make ends meet. To make Jane live a 1 life. Mother was very careful about spending money. 2 ，Jane didn’t understand her. Every day Mother was busy with her 3 while Jane was studying at school, so they had little time to enjoy themselves.One day, Mother realized Jane was unhappy and even 4 to her, so she decided to go 5 with Jane to make Jane happy.On Sunday morning they went happily to the snowfield. Since they were 6 in white clothes, the manager advised them to buy ski clothes. He said 7 there was an accident, they might be easily___8_____ in their ski clothes. Mother couldn’t9 them, so she refused.Then they went skiing in their white clothes. They were skiing happily on the 10 when suddenly the snowfield began to 11 . It was the snow slide(雪崩). They ran a long way and 12 the snow slide finally, but they couldn’t find their way. Later, a helicopter was flying above, 13 people on it couldn’t see or hear them. Jane was 14 because she had hurt her head seriously and __15______ dropped on the snow. Just then an idea struck Mother. She pierced (刺破) her wrist____16____ and then bright red blood dropped down on the snowfield. A red SOS was on the snow. At last Jane __17______ , but Mother died.Every time I ___18_____ the blood dropping onto the snowfield, I feel ___19___ . I believe anyone who hears the tragedy will ____20____ Mother for her selfless love to her daughter. 【小题1】 A.healthy B.happy C.busy D.meaningful【小题2】 A.Moreover B.However C.Anyway D.Though【小题3】 A.writing B.housework C.research D.work【小题4】 A.unfriendly B.loyal C.kind D.cruel【小题5】 A.skating B.dancing C.skiing D.hiking【小题6】 A.all B.both C.either D.every【小题7】 A.in case B.now that C.as though D.even if【小题8】 A.searched B.examined C.found D.caught【小题9】 A.pay B.manage C.stand D.afford【小题10】 A.mountain B.farmland C.playground D.snowfield【小题11】 A.change B.melt C.shake D.jump【小题12】 A.passed B.escaped C.experienced D.overcame【小题13】 A.but B.so C.since D.while【小题14】 A.in despair B.in danger C.in peace D.in ruins【小题15】 A.blood B.hair C.tears D.jewels【小题16】 A.carefully B.slowly C.immediately D.hardly【小题17】 A.cried B.died C.survived D.woke【小题18】 A.find out B.think of C.suffer from D.e across【小题19】 A.satisfied B.curious C.anxious D.painful【小题20】 A.envy B.admire C.reward D.thankD篇“When we feel love and kindness toward others, it not only makes others feel loved and cared for, but it helps us also to develop inner happiness and peace.”As we live through life, we tend to get caught up in our individual world, our problems —our life. When we 1 our world to include others in a meaningful way, by making a 2 difference in their life, we increase our experience at the same time.Think back on a time when someone made a difference in your life.Here is one of mine: I was going to college, working part-time, and just 3 getting by financially. Standing in line at a local supermarket, I 4 a woman in the same line, thinking that she was not very attractive. As I was 5 , I discovered that I did not have enough money to pay; without 6 , that same woman I had been judging offered to 7 the difference. It wasn’t 8 , but what that person did made a lasting impression on me. She was a beautiful, caring soul who was willing to help a stranger in a(an) 9 situation. That happened over forty years ago and I remember it as 10 as if it was yesterday.Other examples are the numerous times I have had people smile at me, which 11 my day. I've often wondered if it was because I was smiling, which I 12 to do all the time, or because they were smiling to be 13 , which encouraged me to smile as well. It has probably been some of both. In 14 case, that simple gesture (a smile) makes a difference in my day.There are 15 ways to make a significant difference in another's life. The question is: Arewe doing it? It does not 16 anything, but it does require some effort on our part. I have found that as I do this consistently, the 17 go far beyond the energy required to do the deed. Looking for ways to brighten another person's day raises our vibration(共鸣),and when we act on it, we 18 the other person to raise their vibration as well — it is 19 to each other.Make a difference in someone's life today, and 20 doing so every day. Today is a perfect time to start! If you are already doing so. bravo!【小题1】 A.rebuild B.establish C.expand D.develop【小题2】 A.direct B.minor C.remarkable D.positive【小题3】 A.thoroughly B.smoothly C.barely D.actually【小题4】 A.observed B.witnessed C.inspected D.acpanied【小题5】 A.hanging out B.checking out C.setting out D.working out【小题6】 A.expectation B.hesitation C.assumption D.intention【小题7】 A.deal with B.take in C.make up D.cut down【小题8】 A.much B.enough C.little D.awful【小题9】 A.urgent B.absurd C.hopeless D.embarrassing【小题10】 A.roughly B.clearly C.correctly D.dimly【小题11】 A.brightens B.ruins C.begins D.influences【小题12】 A.undertook B.tried C.promised D.failed【小题13】 A.dynamic B.appealing C.friendly D.merciful【小题14】 A.neither B.either C.no D.another【小题15】 A.limited B.vital C.necessary D.countless【小题16】 A.deserve B.charge C.determine D.cost【小题17】 A.efforts B.achievements C.returns D.consequences【小题18】 A.assist B.remind C.permit D.persuade【小题19】 A.similar B.beneficial C.fundamental D.appropriate【小题20】 A.admit B.prefer C.remend D.consider答案A篇B篇C篇D篇。