下载文档原格式
abandon 放弃，遗弃ability 能力，才能abnormal 不正常的abolish 废除，废止abroad 在国外，到国外aboard 上（船，飞机等）absence 缺席absolute 完全的，绝对的absorb 吸收abstract 抽象的abundant 充裕的academic 学术的accelerate 加速accessible 可接近的accommodation 膳宿accompany 陪伴accomplish 完成accountant 会计accumulate 积累accustomed 习惯于acknowledge 承认acquire 获得acquisition 得到add 增加addicted 上瘾，沉溺于adequate 足够的adjustment 调整administration 行政管理admirable 令人钦佩的admit 允许（进入），承认advance 提前，前进advantage 优势adventure 冒险advertise 做广告advocate 拥护，提倡affect 影响affection喜爱afford 支付得起afterwards 后来agency 代理机构agent 代理人aggressive侵略性的agreement 同意，协议agriculture 农业alarm 警报警告alcoholic 含酒精的allergic 过敏的allocate分配allowance 津贴alongside 沿着，在。
旁边alternative 供选择的（事物）altitude 高度，海拔amateur 业余爱好者ambition 雄心野心ambulance 救护车amount 数量amuse 逗乐，使消遣amusement 娱乐analyze 分析analysis 分析，分解ancestor 祖先angle 角度anniversary 周年纪念日announce 宣布annoy 使生气Antarctic 南极洲anxiety 焦虑anxious 焦虑的apartment 房间，公寓apologize 道歉apparent 明显的，表面上的appeal 上诉，吸引appearance 出现，外观appetite 食欲，欲望applaud 鼓掌applicant 申请人application申请，应用appointment 约会，约定appreciate 欣赏，感激appropriate 合适的approval 赞成approximately 近似，大约architect建筑师Arctic 北极argument 争辩arrangement 安排arrest 逮捕artificial 人造的ashamed 惭愧的assessment 评价assist 帮助，协助assistant 助手associate 联想association 联盟assume 假设assumption假定astonish使吃惊astronaut 宇航员astronomer 天文学家astronomy 天文学athlete 运动员Atlantic 大西洋atmosphere 大气层，气氛attach 缚上，系上attack 攻击，抨击，侵袭attain 达到获得attempt 试图，尝试attend 出席，照顾attention 注意，注意力attitude 态度attract吸引，引起attractive 有吸引力的audience 听众观众author 作家，作者authority 权威，当局automatic 自动的，习惯的available 可利用的average 平均的，平均数awkward 尴尬的，使用不便的bachelor 学士学位，单身汉bacterium 细菌bargain 便宜货，讨价还价barrier 栅栏障碍物beach 海滩河岸behavior 行为表现behalf 代表，利益belief 信念信心bend 使弯曲，使屈服beneath 在。
自动控制原理英语Automatic control principleAutomatic control principle refers to the theory and techniques used in controlling mechanical, electrical, or other systems without human intervention. It involves monitoring the system's output and adjusting it based on predefined criteria or input signals.The basic principle of automatic control is to minimize the error between the desired output and the actual output. This is achieved by continuously measuring the output and comparing it to the desired value. If there is a deviation, a control system takes corrective action to bring the system back to the desired state.There are several key components and concepts in automatic control systems. The first is the sensor, which measures the system's output. This can be a physical device that measures variables such as temperature, pressure, or position, or it can be a software component that processes digital signals.The second component is the controller, which receives the measurement from the sensor and determines the appropriate action to take. The controller uses algorithms and mathematical models to calculate the desired output based on the current conditions.The third component is the actuator, which translates the control signal from the controller into physical action. This can be a motor, valve, or any device that manipulates the system to achieve the desired output.Feedback is another important concept in automatic control. It involves continuously monitoring the system's output and feeding it back to the controller. This allows the controller to make adjustments and fine-tune its output to minimize errors.There are different types of control systems, including open-loop and closed-loop systems. In open-loop systems, the controller doesn't receive feedback and operates solely based on the input signal. Closed-loop systems, on the other hand, use feedback to continuously adjust the output.Automatic control principles are used in a wide range of applications, including industrial processes, robotics, aerospace, and automotive systems. They improve efficiency, accuracy, and reliability by reducing human intervention and ensuring consistent performance.In conclusion, the automatic control principle is the theory and techniques used to control systems without human intervention. It involves measuring the system's output, comparing it to the desired value, and taking corrective action. Key components include sensors, controllers, actuators, and feedback. Automatic control systems are used in various industries to improve performance and reliability.。
automatic analysis enabled -回复中括号内的主题是: "疫苗对世界疫情的影响"疫苗对世界疫情的影响引言:自从COVID-19新型冠状病毒爆发以来，全球范围内的大规模疫苗接种计划在帮助控制疫情方面发挥着关键作用。
这一全球合作的努力已经导致了许多重要突破，不仅使我们能够更好地了解病毒，还开发出多种有效的疫苗。
本文将一步一步回答疫苗对世界疫情的影响，并探讨未来的挑战和展望。
第一步：疫苗的研发和批准疫苗研发是控制疫情的重要一步。
从病毒基因组的测序到疫苗候选物的设计和测试，科学家们在全球范围内进行了广泛的协作。
通过使用不同的技术平台，如mRNA、腺病毒载体和蛋白疫苗等，多个疫苗候选物被开发出来。
在大规模的临床试验中，疫苗的安全性和有效性得到验证，最终被批准用于紧急使用或常规接种。
第二步：疫苗接种和群体免疫接种疫苗是最有效的方法之一，用于保护个体免受病毒感染和疾病的严重后果。
疫苗接种计划的实施需要协调各方的努力，包括政府、卫生部门、医疗机构和社区组织。
疫苗接种通过触发人体免疫系统产生免疫反应，使机体形成针对病毒的防御机制。
随着疫苗接种人数的增加，群体免疫的产生可以对疫情起到控制作用，减少感染者数量并阻断传播链。
第三步：疫苗对病毒变种的影响随着时间的推移，病毒可能会发生变异，形成不同的变种。
这些变异可能具有更强的传播能力或抗药性，给疫情控制带来新的挑战。
然而，多数疫苗对于已知的变种仍然有效，尤其在防止严重病例和死亡方面发挥关键作用。
科学家们也在不断监测病毒变异并进行相应的疫苗调整，以确保疫苗的长期效果。
第四步：疫苗的全球公平分配为了真正控制全球疫情，疫苗需要实现全球公平分配。
然而，由于生产和供应限制以及国家之间的竞争和政治因素，疫苗分发面临着巨大的挑战。
许多发展中国家仍然面临疫苗供应不足的问题，这使得在全球范围内实现公平分配和公共卫生安全变得更加困难。
国际社会需要加强合作，提供技术和经济支持，以确保所有人都能够获得疫苗保护。
This brief applies to all Microsoft Licensing programs.ContentsSummary (1)Details (1)What is the difference between Robotic Process Automation and a bot? (1)What is the Microsoft 365 Unattended License? (2)Microsoft Licensing Scenarios (5)Example 1 - Call Center Automation (6)Example 2 - Finance Data Capture & Entry (6)Example 3 - HR Reporting (7)FAQ (7)SummaryAcross the software industry, numerous technology solutions help people do their job. But the widespread adoption of technology also means that businesses can end up with disconnected solutions that require them to patch together processes across siloed applications. In the past, joining disparate systems together was difficult or too costly because it required professional developers — especially when some of the data can still be on paper or locked in decades-old Windows or web applications.This brief explains how Robotic Process Automation impacts the licensing needs for Microsoft customers. Robotic Process Automation is a significant technological advancement over historical automation solutions, such as screen scraping, and it is important to understand the use and implications of licensing this service.DetailsWhat is the difference between Robotic Process Automation and a bot?It is important to note that a bot is a computer program that executes the steps in a Robotic Process Automation process. The Robotic Process Automation is the action and process performed by the bot, whereas the bot is the Licensing brief June 2022interface and “user” executing said actions. Bots are often utilized to assist a person to execute automation and repetitive tasks and cannot be utilized in order to reduce the number licenses that would typically be required for device or software use.“Robotic Process Automation”, otherwise known as “RPA”, refers to when an application, or any set of applications, are used to capture data and/or manipulate applications to perform tasks.Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a form of business process automation technology based on metaphorical software robots (bots) or artificial intelligence (AI) workers. In traditional workflow automation tools, a software developer produces a list of actions to automate a task and interface to the back-end system using internal application programming interfaces (APIs) or dedicated scripting language. In contrast, RPA systems develop the action list by watching the user perform that task in the application's graphical user interface (GUI), and then perform the automation by repeating those tasks directly in the GUI.Bots can interface with any application through the UI the same way a user does. Such bots are “trained” by their users by being “shown” how to complete a task and typically follow logical rules such as “if/then” rules while reading & writing to databases. Bots also work with and drive existing applications by opening emails and attachments or inputting data to forms.You will find slight variations across the industry on bot definitions. Microsoft has its own definitions in order to provide clarity to customers for their specific needs and the potential software licensing implications when implementing RPA scenarios.What is the Microsoft 365 Unattended License?When we look at Microsoft’s view into licensing Robotic Process Automation solutions, we follow the same general outlines as the broader industry definitions. “Robotic Process Automation”, “RPA”, or “bots” means an application, or any set of applications used to capture data and manipulate applications to perform repetitive tasks. Specifically, when Windows client and/or Microsoft Office or Office 365 is involved, bots operate upon any UI element of Windows 10/11 within an OSE and/or operates upon any Office application in any OSE.The Office and Windows components here are key since Microsoft is providing license, bots use rights, and access to its software. Due to the ability for these RPA solutions and bots to perform tasks and access systems the same as a human user would, it is critical to understand this distinction.We also classify bots into two distinct categories –Attended and Unattended. Below are examples of Attended and Unattended bots. Examples that would require a Microsoft 365 - Unattended License are noted.“Attended bot”– An Attended bot assists a person to execute automation on the person’s local and/or remote workstations. It operates concurrently with the person on the same workstation/s to accomplish repetitive tasks and is triggered by explicit actions of that person. •i.e. cut & paste information from one screen to another•i.e. user triggering an action to auto-update customer contact information•i.e. user clicking a keyboard key in order to send a meeting invite for the next available time to a specified colleague“Unattended bot”–Any bot that doesn’t conform to the definition of “Attended bot” should be considered an “Unattended bot.”•i.e. running SQL queries and inputting data into forms•i.e. sending Excel reports at midnight through an automated process (requires RPA for M365 license) •i.e. having an application use Microsoft Word to automatically open submitted files and extract data to a CRM application (requires RPA for M365 license). Common Robotic Process Automation ScenariosThe following examples highlight the various methods to accomplish the same task with and without a Robotic Process Automation solution:Example 1:User receives a message from corporate and needs to send to multiple people in the organization.•With Attended RPA: If there is a macro that allows the user to click a button and send the message to all parties.•With Unattended RPA*: If there is a macro that runs autonomously by recognizing the mail and sends the message to all parties without the user performing any action.•Without RPA: If the user manually sends the message to all parties.Example 2: Web Site or Screen Scraping - When a site or screen contains information (stock, news, media, content, etc.) the page can be scraped by a bot for specific information pieces which can be consolidated and presented to the end user in order to make a decision at a later time.•With Attended RPA:If there is a macro that allows the user to click a button and specified content on the site or screen is captured and consolidated.•With Unattended RPA*: If there is a macro that runs autonomously by scanning for specified content on the site or screen and captures and consolidates.•Without RPA: If the user manually scans the site or screen to physically capture and consolidate the content.Example 3: Incoming Customer Email responses - Where an organization traditionally has a team that handles the first line of defense to respond to customer inquiries, an RPA solution can be implemented and tied to key words or phrases with canned answers or links to relevant information.•With Attended RPA:If there is a macro that allows the user to trigger a task to provide a pre-determined answer to the customer.•With Unattended RPA*: If there is a macro that automatically responds to customer emails with canned answers based on key words in the submission.•Without RPA: If the user manually reads and chooses the appropriate pre-determined answer to respond to the customer.Example 4: Onboarding new employees - An RPA solution can assist new employees to an organization that need pertinent information to get set up in their organizational system for a smooth onboarding process.•With Attended RPA: If there is a macro that managers can trigger in order to provide pertinent information to a new employee.•With Unattended RPA*: If there is a macro that recognizes when a new employee has started and automatically sends them pertinent information.•Without RPA: If the manager manually sends pertinent information to their new employee after they start.Example 5: Forms or data processing - An RPA triggers a macro to read information and write to systems instead of manual data entry.•With Attended RPA: If there is a macro that is triggered by the user to assist them in writing data into a system.•With Unattended RPA*: If there is a macro that runs overnight autonomously by reading a data source and writing to a new backup system.•Without RPA: If the user manually reads information and physically writes it another system.Example 6: Data transfer - Managing data transfer or backups with an RPA solution with source, destination, and credential information.•With Attended RPA: If there is a macro that is triggered by the user that reads data and transfers to another source destination.•With Unattended RPA*: If there is a macro that runs autonomously, logs in with credentials, and processesa data backup without user guidance.•Without RPA: If the user manually processes the data transfer and backups to another destination.*Each of the above Unattended RPA examples will require the Microsoft 365 – Unattended License if they are accessing an Office application or Windows client.The below examples include additional licenses not discussed in this brief. For an overview and further information, please go to for additional details.Example 1 - Call Center AutomationA call center has 50 customer service representatives. Each representative requires the ability to trigger UI automation as part of process for updating customer contact information. The automation will occur on each representative’s workstation.Licensing Solution: 50x Power Automate per user with attended RPA plan.Rationale: This scenario is setting up an RPA solution that is triggered by the customer service representative for an automated process, thus this is an Attended scenario. Since there are 50 users, 50 licenses are required.Example 2 - Finance Data Capture & EntryA finance department receives invoices attached to Outlook email messages. The department would like to automate the process of capturing data from the invoices and entering the information in a legacy procurement system. The automation will occur without an employee’s involvement across 5 VMs in order to accommodate the volume (anticipated 10,000 invoices/month).Licensing Solution: 1x Power Automate per flow plan, 5x Power Automate unattended RPA add-on, and 5x Microsoft 365 – Unattended License.Rationale: This scenario is setting up an RPA solution that is automated (unattended) and accessing an Office application (Outlook) and running on 5 machines. Due to the Office requirement, the Microsoft 365 – -Unattended License (x5) is required for each machine. In addition to this, each machine also requires the Power Automate unattended RPA add-on (x5). Finally, the Power Automate unattended RPA add-on also has a pre-req of the Power Automate per flow plan (x1).Example 3 - HR ReportingAn HR department has 10 users that send Excel reports daily. Each user will create a 3rd party bot that runs autonomously at midnight and distribute these reports. The automation will occur without employee involvement on each user's desktop.Licensing Solution: 10x Microsoft 365 – Unattended LicenseRationale: This scenario is setting up an RPA solution that is running autonomously (unattended) and accessing an Office app lication (Excel). Since this solution is not utilizing Microsoft’s Power Platform, the bot does not require any additional licenses.Q1: When do I need a Microsoft 365 – Unattended License for my RPA solution?A: The following scenarios require an RPA for Microsoft 365 license:•Utilizing an Unattended bot that interacts with and/or operates on Windows 10/11.•Utilizing an Unattended bot that interacts with and/or operates upon any Office application in any OSE. Q2: How does Robotic Process Automation impact multiplexing? Can I use bots to avoid licensing users, devices, and services?A: Multiplexing is when any type of automated process acts as an intermediary between different software or hardware to reduce direct connections with the software. Multiplexing does not reduce the number ofrequired licenses. Multiplexing rules still apply for RPA scenarios. Bots must be licensed in addition to the services and/or devices that they access must also have the proper licenses just as a normal user and/ordevice would.Q3: The Microsoft definition of bots varies from other industry definitions. Which one applies to me?A: Microsoft definitions and terms always apply if you are using relevant Microsoft products.Q4: I have created a bot that runs in unattended mode on more than one server at a time and interacts with Microsoft applications directly on the server. Is this allowed without licensing the bot?A:No, this is not allowed. Since the bot is unattended and accessing Microsoft applications on more than one OSE, it would require the Microsoft 365 – Unattended L icense. This license limits the bot’s interaction to only a single server at a time. If you need to access multiple servers at once, you will need to have multiple bots and multiple licenses.Q5: Is there licensing associated with development and testing of bots in production/nonproduction environments?A: A bot represents execution of a GUI-based process on a machine, so what matters is the dev/test/prod of the RPA which exists in current licensing today.Q6: What about the infrastructure needed to run an unattended bot in a virtual machine? Is that included in the unattended RPA add-on?A: No – running the unattended RPA bot in a VM requires the separate purchase of any necessary compute resources.Q7: What licenses do I need for an Unattended bot accessing a Windows environment but not using an Office application?A: A typical configuration would require 3 SKUs, the Microsoft 365 – Unattended License (Windows access), Power Automate unattended RPA add-on (unattended RPA license) which also has a pre-req of either the Power Automate per flow plan or Power Automate per user with attended RPA (depending if you want to license per user or per flow). Depending on how you have your OSE licensed, may impact the need for the Microsoft 365 – Unattended License.Q8: How can I reduce my current cost & license position for my employees by implementing an RPA solution?A:You cannot reduce licensing cost or position by implementing RPA. However, by implementing an RPA solution, you may see improved time savings, employee performance, or other efficiencies. These benefits may improve your corporation output and help you realize savings in other areas.Q9: Is there a scenario where I do not have to purchase a Microsoft license for my RPA solution?A: If the RPA solution interacts with Windows or Office, then you will need a license. There is no such thing as “unlicensed access” for RPA solutions. There are, however, various configurations possible depending on the RPA function and access requirements.For example, if there is no Windows client or Office then there is no requirement for the Microsoft 365 –Unattended L icense required. This does not mean there isn’t a bot runn ing, but rather a bot license is not required as it is not accessing or utilizing relevant Microsoft software or services.Q10: My company has developed a process that leverages components of Word (or Excel or any other desktop Office app) to complete a process on a server that is then sent to end users. In the past this was not allowed based on multiplexing and other limitations. Is this now allowed? If so, what must be licensed? All the end users? The hardware?A: The RPA solutions Microsoft has introduced do not break any preexisting rules. Each end user, hardware, server, and process must be appropriately licensed. You must first determine if the process is a bot that is attended or unattended, and this will determine the proper licensing required for your scenario. The new licenses introduced now enable you to properly license bots for scenarios that weren’t allowed before, but never reduce license requirements.Q11: How do I manage the application via Systems Center Products? Does it matter if the bot is attended or unattended?A:Bot implementation does not have any impact on application management. It may be possible toimplement an RPA solution to streamline this process, but that depends on how the RPA solution is built.Q12: We have been using SQL under the Server and CAL model to support an application where there is a Word document created, converted to PDF and then re-distributed manually by email. We are doing this to decrease the cost of the SQL instance and to eliminate the need for Frontline users to license for Word. Does this new licensing offer a less cumbersome process?A:No. This scenario is an attempt to reduce license position for my employees. Each employee must beproperly licensed, and bots cannot be utilized to reduce the need for CALs.Q13: I have a single bot that runs 3 different processes in which all have steps that require GUI automation in Office 365. To handle the high volume, I have 10 VMs set up to handle these processes. How many 365 – Unattended Licenses do I need to purchase?A: The Microsoft 365 – Unattended License allows access to a single virtual machine. Due to the bot running GUI automation in Office 365 on all 10 VMs, and each Microsoft 365 – Unattended License being allowed a single unique instance of Office 365, this translates to 10 Microsoft 365 – Unattended licenses. If the VMs are accessed at separate times, you are still limited by the activation limits for Windows Enterprise E3 and/or Office 365 E3.Q14: What is the difference between a Macro and a Bot?A: A Macro is a single instruction that expands automatically into a set of instructions to perform a specific task often triggered by an action. A bot can act automatically or be triggered by an action to use ororchestrate an application. Similarly, to the Attended and Unattended scenarios, a Macro would fall under the Attended definition and is largely covered by Microsoft product licensing. While a bot, if acting automatically, is an Unattended scenario and would require additional Microsoft licensing depending on the solution.Q15: If an unattended bot runs on a Virtual Machine (VM) that already has a Windows 10/11 License and DOES NOT use Office 365 as part of the scenario, is the M365 E3 unattended license still required?A: It depends on the solution implemented. Always be sure to read the Product Terms fully to understand your use rights.•Customers can license Win 10 per device and install it as one instance on a VM if they chose. These per device licensed OS’s can run unattended bots.•Alternatively, Customers could have a local on-prem server or other dedicated server that run Win 10 VM’s with unattended bots by assigning a Win 10 Enterprise per device w/ SA license.•Keep in mind that there are certain Windows SKUs which explicitly prohibit unattended use in the license terms (just as Office 365 does).Q16:If an unattended bot runs on a VM that already has a Windows 10/11 License and DOES use Office 365 as part of the scenario, is the M365 E3 unattended license still required?A: Yes - if O365 is used then you always need the M365 unattended license.Q17: Do these rules also apply to 3rd party providers implementing unattended scenarios?A: Yes, the exact same terms apply to any unattended scenario.© 2022 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This document is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN THIS DOCUMENT. This information is provided to help guide your authorized use of products you license; it is not your agreement. Your use of prod ucts licensed under your volume license agreement is governed by the terms and conditions of that agreement. In the case of any conflict between this information and your agreement, the terms and conditions of your agreement control. Prices for licenses acquired through Microsoft resellers are d etermined by the reseller.。
动词变名词1.V+ment结尾69.press—pressure压力70.mix—mixture混合,混合物10.n+or/er/ee/ist/ian/ant表人71.employ--employer雇主,老板--employee雇员72.work—worker工人82.s it--seat座位83.f ly—flight飞行Theflightwilltakefourhours.Therewasnoliftandwehadtoclimbsixflightsofstairs.84.d efend—defence/defense防守,防卫85.w eigh—weight重量,体重86.a dvi s e—advi c e建议87.p racti s e—practi c e练习88.b reathe—breath呼吸1.eventual—eventually最后地,终于地2.final—finally最后地,终于地3.brief—briefly简单地,简要地4.serious—seriously严肃地,认真地5.chemical—chemically化学地6.fluent—fluently流利地7.smooth—smoothly顺利地,平坦地8.hopeful—hopefully满怀希望地9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.main------mainly主要地23.most多数-----mostly多半,大多24.normal---normally正常地25.quick—quickly迅速地26.quiet—quietly轻轻地,安静地27.real—really真正地28.recent----recently最近;近来29.sad—sadly悲伤地30.slow---slowly缓慢地31.special—specially专门,特殊地43.probable—probably很有可能地44.incredible—incredibly难以置信地45.true—truly真实地46.whole—wholly完全地47.full—fully完全地,全部地48.dull—dully迟钝地,呆滞地49.rare—rarely罕见地,稀有地50.mere--merely仅仅,只=only51.fortunate—fortunately幸运地52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.4.辅音字母+y变ily64.easy—easily容易地65.heavy—heavily沉重地66.happy—happily开心地67.hungry—hungrily饥饿地68.healthy—healthily健康地69.lucky—luckily幸运地70.noisy—noisily嘈杂地5.辅音字母+y直接接ly(1)特殊:good—well好地well身体健康的,井(2)既是形容词又是副词:1有些以-ly结尾的词daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,fast,early,hard,late,far,alone,little,deep,high, straight,long△注意:1以下-ly结尾的词为adj.friendly、lovely、lively、elderly、brotherly、fatherly、motherly、lonely、deadly2high—deepwidehard—loud—closelate—late\lately3两个副词形式但意思不一样80.free--免费地freely--随便不拘束地81.hard--努力地、猛烈地hardly--几乎不82.just--恰好、仅仅、不久前justly--公正地te--迟lately--最新地、最近地84.most--最mostly--大部分地85.near--近nearly--几乎86.pretty--很(adv.)prettily--漂亮名词+y1.anger-----angry生气2.honest—honesty诚实的3.hunger---hungry饥饿的4.fog—foggy有雾的5.fur----furry毛皮的6.guilt---guilty内疚的7.health---healthy健康地8.luck---lucky幸运地9.cloud---cloudy多云地21.balance–balanced平衡的22.spot----spotted有斑点23.talent-----talented有天赋的名词+ful/less24.meaning—meaningful/meaningless有意义的/无意义的25.care—careful/careless小心的/粗心的26.help---helpful/helpless有帮助的/无助的27.home—homeless无家可归的28.colour---colourful多彩的38.courage—courageous勇敢的39.danger—dangerous危险的40.mystery----mysterious神秘的6.ce变t41.confidence----confident自信的42.difference---different不同的43.dependence—dependent依赖的44.independence--independent独立的7.n+al45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.8.名词+ly57.friend—friendly58.live---lively活跃的,有生气的59.love—lovely可爱的60.month---monthly每月的9.+en结尾61.wood—wooden木制的62.wool—woolen羊毛的73.pride---proud骄傲的,自豪的74.scientist----scientific科学的形容词变名词75.efficient有效率的—efficiency效率76.patient—patience/impatience77.dependent—dependence依赖性78.independent—independence独立性79.true—truth80.high—height92.long—lengthen—length(n.)93.wide--widen94.less--lessen95.strong—strengthen—strength(n.)rge—enlarge名词变动词puter--computerize名词---形容词—副词98.beauty美,美人—beautiful—beautifully99.100.101.102.103.104.105.106.107.108.109.110.111.112.success—successful—successfully 113.truth—true—truly114.unluck—unlucky—unluckily115.wonder奇迹—wonderful—wonderfully方位的词名词—形容词116.east—eastern117.west—western118.south—southern119.north---northern。
词性转换总结与归纳动词变名词1.V+ment结尾1.announce—announcement通知2.equip装备---equipment装备,器材(不可数名词)equip---equi pp ed---equi pp ed---equi pping3.settle—settlement定居,安定4.achieve---achievement成就5.amuse--amusement娱乐6.manage---management经营管理7.advertise---advertisement广告8.agree—agreement同意9.disagree—disagreement不同意10.argue---argument争吵mit—commitment奉献commit---commi tted---commi tted---commi ttingcommitmurder/suicidebecommittedto(doing)sth保证做某事yourcommitmenttowork你的敬业精神（投入/忠诚/奉献）12.develop---development发展ern统治—government政府14.judge---judgement/judgment2.v+tion/sion结尾15.describe—descri ption描写,描绘16.erupt—eruption爆发17.affect—affection喜爱、喜欢effect影响unrequitedaffection单相思18.satisf y—satisf action满意,满足19.select—selection挑选,选择20.permi t—permi ssion允许21.admi t—admi ssion承认,允许22.invite—invitation邀请,请帖23.devote—devotion献身,专注24.apply—application申请,申请书25.produce—production生产,产品product产品（常指工业制品）produce（农产品）26.protect—protection保护cate-----education教育28.consider—consideration考虑29.attract—attraction吸引力,吸引30.instruct—instruction指导,介绍31.discuss—discussion讨论32.appreciate—appreciation感激,欣赏33.recognize—recognition认出34.conclu de—conclu sion结论inconclusiondrawaconclusion35.deci de----deci sion决定pete—competition比赛37.express表达----expression词语;表达方38.graduate毕业—graduation39.operate—operation操作,动手anize----organization组织41.imagine—imagination想象力42.introduce—introduction介绍43.illustrate--illustration阐明,举例说明44.inspire---inspiration灵感,鼓舞人心的45.pollute----pollution污染46.predict---prediction预言47.pro noun ce---pro nun ciation发音48.resolve-----resolution决心49.solve解决-----solution解决方法50.impress—impression印象51.suggest--suggestion建议,暗示52.expla in—explanation解释,说明3.v+ance/ence结尾53.enter—entrance进入,进口54.allow允许—allowance津贴，补助55.appear—appearance外貌,出现56.perform----performance演出57.exist—existence存在4.v+ing结尾58.bathe洗澡---bathing游泳bathing-suit泳衣takeabath/shower59.end----ending结尾,结局,结束60.train---training训练61.mean----meaning意义62.say-----saying谚语5.v+ry63.nurse--nursery婴儿室,幼儿园nurseryrhyme童谣6.v+al64.propose—proposal建议65.withdraw—withdrawal取钱;收回;撤退66.survive—survival幸存67.arrive—arrival到达68.remove—removal撤离,搬离,去除7.v+ior67.behave—behavior行为8.v+ency68.tend—tendency趋势,倾向9.v+ture/sure69.press—pressure压力70.mix—mixture混合,混合物10.n+or/er/ee/ist/ian/ant表人71.employ--employer雇主,老板--employee雇员72.work—worker工人73.visit—visitor访问者74.art—artist艺术家75.music—musician音乐家76.assist---assistant77.participate---participant78.apply---applicant79.account---accountant11.v+其他80.die—death死亡81.beg(乞讨)—be gg ar乞丐82.sit--seat座位83.fly—flight飞行Theflightwilltakefourhours.Therewasnoliftandwehadtoclimbsixflightsofstairs.84.defend—defence/defense防守,防卫85.weigh—weight重量,体重86.advi se—advi ce建议87.practi se—practi ce练习88.breathe—breath呼吸89.believe—belief信仰90.know---knowledge知识(u.n.)91.heat---heat热量92.hit撞击------hit轰动一时的人或物,碰撞93.receive—receiver接受者；听筒reception接待;接待处（n.）---receptionist接待员94.serve—service服务95.succeed—success成功96.pursue—pursuit追求,从事inpursuitof追求，追赶97.analyze/analyse—analysis分析analyses（pl.）98.choose—choice选择形容词变副词1.形容词+ly(直接加,不需要变形)1.eventual—eventually最后地,终于地2.final—finally最后地,终于地3.brief—briefly简单地,简要地4.serious—seriously严肃地,认真地5.chemical—chemically化学地6.fluent—fluently流利地7.smooth—smoothly顺利地,平坦地8.hopeful—hopefully满怀希望地9.frequent—frequently频繁地10.actual—actually事实上地11.similar—similarly相似地12.bad—badly糟糕地13.narrow—narrowly狭隘地,狭窄地14.bright—brightly明亮地15.casual—casually随意地16.clear—clearly清楚地17.correct---correctly正确地18.general—generally一般来讲19.loud—loudly大声地20.particular—particularly特殊地,独特地21.proper---properly合适地,恰当地22.main------mainly主要地23.most多数-----mostly多半,大多24.normal---normally正常地25.quick—quickly迅速地26.quiet—quietly轻轻地,安静地27.real—really真正地28.recent----recently最近;近来29.sad—sadly悲伤地30.slow---slowly缓慢地31.special—specially专门,特殊地32.public—publicly公共地33.strong—strongly坚决地,强烈地34.sudden—suddenly突然ual—usually通常地36.fair—fairly公平地,相当地,非常地2.以(l)e结尾的去e+yfortable---comfortably舒适地38.gentle—gently温柔地,绅士地39.possible---possibly可能地40.simple----simply仅仅;只;简单地41.terrible---terribly糟糕地42.reasonable—reasonably合理地43.probable—probably很有可能地44.incredible—incredibly难以置信地45.true—truly真实地46.whole—wholly完全地47.full—fully完全地,全部地48.dull—dully迟钝地,呆滞地3.以-e结尾,保留-e,直接+ly49.rare—rarely罕见地,稀有地50.mere--merely仅仅,只=only51.fortunate—fortunately幸运地52.entire—entirely完全地plete—completely完全地54.extreme-extremely极度地,极其55.absolute-absolutely绝对地56.polite—politely有礼貌地57.immediate—immediately立即地,马上地58.safe—safely安全地59.relative--relatively相对地,比较地60.approximate--approximately大约61.wise—wisely明智地62.nice—nicely很好地63.close—closely亲密地,靠近地(close也可作adv.)4.辅音字母+y变ily64.easy—easily容易地65.heavy—heavily沉重地66.happy—happily开心地67.hungry—hungrily饥饿地68.healthy—healthily健康地69.lucky—luckily幸运地70.noisy—noisily嘈杂地5.辅音字母+y直接接ly71.dry—dryly干燥地72.shy—shyly害羞地73.sly—slyly狡猾的6.以ic结尾的+ally74.energetic—energetically充满活力地75.automatic—automatically自动地76.scientific—scientifically科学地77.economic—economically经济地78.basic—basically基础地,基本地79.specific---specific ally特定地,明确地7.其它情况(1)特殊:good—well好地well身体健康的,井(2)既是形容词又是副词:1有些以-ly结尾的词daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,fast,early,hard,late,far,alone,little,deep,high, straight,long△注意:1以下-ly结尾的词为adj.friendly、lovely、lively、elderly、brotherly、fatherly、motherly、lonely、deadly、manly、womanly、silly2有两个副词形式的词high—high\highlydeep—deep\deeplywide—wide\widelyhard—hard\hardlyloud—loud\loudlyclose—close\closelylate—late\lately3两个副词形式但意思不一样80.free--免费地freely--随便不拘束地81.hard--努力地、猛烈地hardly--几乎不82.just--恰好、仅仅、不久前justly--公正地te--迟lately--最新地、最近地84.most--最mostly--大部分地85.near--近nearly--几乎86.pretty--很(adv.)prettily--漂亮87.short--突然地shortly--不久前88.clean径直地;完全地cleanly干干净净地89.clear完全地;径直地;隔离clearly清楚地90.close近地closely严密地;密切地91.direct直线地,不绕圈子地directly直接地;马上,立刻92.firm稳固地;稳定地firmly坚定地,坚决地93.high高高地highly高度地;94.straight直接地;正直地;马上;straightly(比较少用)95.slow怠工;慢慢走slowly缓慢地96.easy容易地easily容易地;轻松地97.sharp急剧地;准时地;音符准地sharply尖刻地;刻薄地名词变形容词名词+y1.anger-----angry生气2.honest—honesty诚实的3.hunger---hungry饥饿的4.fog—foggy有雾的5.fur----furry毛皮的6.guilt---guilty内疚的7.health---healthy健康地8.luck---lucky幸运地9.cloud---cloudy多云地10.wind—windy有风地11.rain---rainy下雨地12.snow---snowy下雪地13.sun—sunny晴朗地14.tourist------touristy游客多的15.business---busy忙碌地16.salt盐---salty咸的17.shine---shiny发亮的18.silk丝绸—silky丝绸般的19.sleep---sleepy昏昏欲睡的20.taste------tasty有味道的,美味的名词+ed21.balance–balanced平衡的22.spot----spotted有斑点23.talent-----talented有天赋的名词+ful/less24.meaning—meaningful/meaningless有意义的/无意义的25.care—careful/careless小心的/粗心的26.help---helpful/helpless有帮助的/无助的27.home—homeless无家可归的28.colour---colourful多彩的29.pain---painful痛苦的e---useful/useless有用的/无用的31.thank—thankful充满感激的32.peace---peaceful平静的,宁静的33.play--playful顽皮的,爱玩耍的4.名词+able34.adjust--adjustable可调整的fort---comfortable舒服的36.knowledge---knowledgeable有知识的37.suit一套-----suitable合适的5.名词+ous38.courage—courageous勇敢的39.danger—dangerous危险的40.mystery----mysterious神秘的6.ce变t41.confidence----confident自信的42.difference---different不同的43.dependence—dependent依赖的44.independence--independent独立的7.n+al45.addition—additional附加的,额外的46.class—classical经典的47.medicine药----medical医学的48.music---musical音乐的49.nature---natural自然的50.person---personal(私人的)51.nation—national国家的cation---educational有教育意义的53.tradition----traditional传统的54.origin起源---original新颖的;独创的55.grammar—grammatical语法的56.globe—global全球的8.名词+ly57.friend—friendly58.live---lively活跃的,有生气的59.love—lovely可爱的60.month---monthly每月的9.+en结尾61.wood—wooden木制的62.wool—woolen羊毛的10.其他63.energy---energetic有精力的64.strategy—strategic战略的65.fool—foolish愚蠢的66.freedom—free自由的,空的,免费的67.height—high高的68.illness---ill生病的69.love—lovely可爱的，美丽的70.death---dead死了的71.pleasure---pleased高兴的pleasing使人愉快的apleasingsoundpleasant令人愉快的，舒适72.popularity—popular流行的73.pride---proud骄傲的,自豪的74.scientist----scientific科学的形容词变名词75.efficient有效率的—efficiency效率76.patient—patience/impatience77.dependent—dependence依赖性78.independent—independence独立性79.true—truth80.high—height81.wide—width82.long—length83.possible—possibility84.responsible—responsibility85.urgent—urgency紧急86.prosperous—prosperity繁荣87.accurate—accuracy准确性形容词变动词88.modern—modernize89.social--socialize90.fast--fasten91.short/shorten92.long—lengthen—length(n.)93.wide--widen94.less--lessen95.strong—strengthen—strength(n.)rge—enlarge名词变动词puter--computerize名词---形容词—副词98.beauty美,美人—beautiful—beautifully99.care—careful—carefully100.care—careless—carelessly101.difference---different---differently102.fortune—fortunate/unfortunate—fortunately/unfortunately 103.happiness—happy—happily104.hunger—hungry--hungrily105.health—healthy—healthily106.luck—lucky—luckily107.noise—noisy—noisily108.pride—proud—proudly骄傲地109.sadness—sad—sadly110.safety安全;安全的地方—safe—safely 111.silence—silent---silently默默地112.success—successful—successfully 113.truth—true—truly114.unluck—unlucky—unluckily115.wonder奇迹—wonderful—wonderfully 方位的词名词—形容词116.east—eastern117.west—western118.south—southern119.north---northern120.inthewestofChina121.inthewesternpartofChina四大洲名词-----形容词122.Africa非洲-----African123.Europe欧洲-----European124.America美洲-----American亚洲–----Asian126.。
词形转换变名词1：-tion, -sion生产produce-production 介绍introduce-introduction 消费consume-consumption 减少reduce-reduction假设assume-assumption/ suppose-supposition 毁灭destroy-destruction 描写describe-description打断interrupt- interruption 采纳/收养adopt-adoption 防止prevent-prevention接受/接待处receive-reception解决solve-solution进化evolve-evolution 建议suggest-suggestion版本edit-edition 展览exhibit-exhibition打算/意图intend-intention认出recognize-recognition 解释/定义define-definition 保护protect-protection方向/指导direct-direction 指令instruct-instruction建设construct-construction 注射inject-injection驳斥reject-rejection 感染infect-infection反对object-objection/ oppose-opposition 连接connect-connection收集collect-collection 纠正correct-correction视察inspect-inspection 挑选select-selection选举elect-election 限制restrict-restriction抵触/矛盾contradict-contradiction 保留reserve-reservation保存preserve-preservation 保护conserve-conservation 观察observe-observation 挨饿starve-starvation组织organize-organization 文明civilize-civilization认识realize-realization 考试examine-examination 决定determine-determination 形成form-formation通知inform-information 想象imagine-imagination运输transport-transportation 邀请invite-invitation期待expect-expectation 诱惑tempt-temptation改编/适应adapt-adaption 移民immigrate-immigration 模仿imitate-imitation 准备prepare-preparation探索explore-exploration 考虑consider-consideration 宣布declare-declaration 装饰decorate-decoration-tion, -sion灵感inspire-inspiration 放松relax-relaxation交流communicate-communication 占用/职业occupy-occupation 满足satisfy-satisfaction 申请/应用apply-application暗示imply-implication 推荐recommend-recommendation 翻译/说明interpret-interpretation 结合combine-combination 操作/手术operate-operation 犹豫hesitate-hesitation教育educate-education 位于locate-location表明indicate-indication 参加participate-participation 计算calculate-calculation 欣赏/感激appreciate-appreciation 联想/协会associate-association 分离separate-separation冬眠hibernate-hibernation 赔偿compensate-compensation 调查investigate-investigation 庆祝celebrate-celebration祝贺congratulate-congratulation 翻译translate-translation积累accumulate-accumulation 加速accelerate-acceleration捐赠donate-donation 解放liberate-liberation动力motivate-motivation 革新innovate-innovation集中concentrate-concentration 游行/示威demonstrate-demonstration 贡献contribute-contribution 分发distribute-distribution促进promote-promotion 奉献devote-devotion沮丧frustrate-frustration/ depress-depression 印象impress-impression表达express-expression 拥有/财产possess-possession讨论discuss-discussion 扩大expand-expansion延伸extend-extension 承认admit-admission允许permit-permission 排放emit-emission爆炸explode-explosion 结论conclude-conclusion决定decide-decision 分开divide-division迷惑confuse-confusion-ence，-ance存在exist-existence 不同differ-difference 发生occur-occurrence 查阅/参考refer-reference 更喜欢/偏好prefer-preference 接受accept-acceptance 出现/外表appear-appearance执行/表演perform-performance 抵制resist-resistance指导guide-guidance 进入enter-entrance保险insure-insurance 帮助assist-assistance忍受endure-endurance/ tolerate-tolerance-ment广告advertise-advertisement 同意agree-agreement惊奇amaze-amazement 吃惊astonish-astonishment通告announce-announcement 安排arrange-arrangement评估assess-assessment 发展develope-development失望disappoint-disappointment 雇用/就业employ-employment鼓舞encourage-encouragement 款待/娱乐entertain-entertainment装备equip-equipment 统治/政府govern-government改进improve-improvement 投资invest-investment卷入involve-involvement 管理manage-management惩罚punish-punishment 要求require-requirement退休retire-retirement 定居/定居处settle-settlement陈述state-statement 对待/治疗require-requirement 以…为基础/地下室base-basement 人行道pave-pavement完成/成就achieve-achievement/ accomplish-accomplishment-ness (adj.→n.)意识aware-awareness/ conscious-consciousness 苦bitter-bitterness聪明clever-cleverness 疯狂crazy-craziness渴望eager-eagerness 公平fair-fairness愚蠢foolish-foolishness 适合fit-fitness幸福/愉快happy-happiness 疾病ill-illness友好kind-kindness 懒惰lazy-laziness孤独lonely-loneliness 宁静quiet-quietness悲伤sad-sadness 严重性serious-seriousness甜美sweet-sweetness 稳重steady-steadiness厚度thick-thickness 累tired-tiredness惶恐不安nervous-nervousness 思乡homesick-homesickness 无助helpless-helplessness/hopeless-hopelessness 自私selfish-selfishness-age婚姻marry-marriage 短缺short-shortage储存store-storage 包裹pack-package车厢carry-carriage 通道pass-passage-th温暖warm-warmth 真理true-truth死亡dead-death 成长grow-growth-ure快乐please-pleasure 离开depart-departure暴露expose-exposure 压力press-pressure失败fail-failure 混合mix-mixture签名sign-signature-ce (adj.→n.)缺席absent-absence 出席present-presence信心confident-confidence 方便convenient-convenience 不同different-difference 勤奋diligent-diligence远的/距离distant-distance 明显的/证据evident-evidence 优秀excellent-excellence 重要important-importance独立independent-independence 天真/无辜innocent-innocence 智力intelligent-intelligence 公正just-justice耐心patient-patience 浪漫romantic-romance沉默silent-silence 暴力violent-violence（V.→n.）冒犯offend-offence 防御defend-defence/defense 建议advise-advice 设施devise-device课本单词掌握、理解、吸收absorb 英亩acre 相加addition 事件affair管理、行政administration 前进advance 高级的advanced 议政agenda 有进取心的aggressive 在前面ahead 外星人alien 脚踝ankle救护车ambulance 娱乐amusement 分析analyse、analysis宣布announce、announcement 使烦恼annoy 总之anyhow 道歉apology 吸引、呼吁appeal 食欲appetite 鼓掌applause 方法、接近approach 大约地approximately 围裙apron 争论、理由argument 发生、出现arise 扶手椅armchair 到达arrival 只要as long as 烟灰缸ashtray方面aspect 天文学家astronomer 目前at present 喜欢、固定attach羞耻的ashamed 尝试attempt 态度attitude 自动的automatic-dom自由free-freedom 王国king-kingdom 智慧wise-wisdom-hood孩童时代childhood 男孩时代boyhood 邻里neighborhood-ship所有权ownership 锦标赛championship 友谊friendship手艺craftsmanship 奖学金scholarship 领导才能leadership艰难hardship 关系relationship-ing农业farming 加温warming（warmth温暖）学校教育schooling图画painting 意思meaning 绘画drawing婚礼wedding 训练training 天花板ceiling衣物clothing 感觉feeling 十字路口crossing工资earning 问候greeting 储蓄saving所发生的事happening 发现finding 财物belonging痛苦suffering 贡品offering 环境surrounding保龄球运动bowling-ibility；-bility (adj.→n.)能力able-ability 可能性possible-possibility/ probable-probability负责responsible-responsibility 灵活性flexible-flexibility 稳定性stable-stability 移动性mobile-mobility 高贵noble-nobility 能力capable-capability-s意味着v. mean 手段n. means 认为v. regard 问候n. regards留下/保持v. remain 剩余物n. remains 习俗custom 海关customs手臂arm 武器arms 方式manner 礼仪manners大脑brain 有智慧的人brains 短的short 短裤shorts好的good 货物goods课本单词熏猪肉bacon 平衡balance 乐队band 讨价还价bargain吼bark 浴缸bath 携带/容忍bear 啤酒beer 祈求beg 表现behave 信仰belief 属于belong 十亿billion 出生地birthplace 责怪blame 毛毯（床、身上）blanket 地毯carpet 毛毯（旅行）rug 女衬衫blouse 炸弹bomb 预约book 迅速增长boom 长筒靴boot 鞠躬bow 商标brand 勇敢bravery 简短的brief 广阔的broad 预算budget 窃贼burglar 灌木bush 商人businessman 食堂canteen现金cash 谨慎的cautious 洞穴cave 频道channel 闲聊chat主厨chef 支票cheque 香烟cigarette 马戏场circus 市民citizen 经典的classic 清洁工人cleaner 可可粉cocoa 梳子bomb 评论comment 委员会committee 概念concept 相关concern 做结论conclude 指挥conduct 考虑的事consideration 由…组成consist of 包含contain 贡献contribution 当代的contemporary 相反的contrary 饼干cookie公司corporation 舒适的cosy 庭院courtyard 信用卡credit card-y（adj.→n.）诚实honest-honesty 困难difficult-difficulty 勇敢brave-bravery 流行popular-popularity 现实real-reality 大多数major-majority电electrical-electricity 必要性necessary-necessity 安全secure-security 安全safe-safety 肯定性certain-certainty 残酷性cruel-cruelty 忠实loyal-loyalty 焦急anxious-anxiety 社会social-society各种，不同various-variety 美beautiful-beauty 光荣glorious-glory精确accurate-accuracy 频率frequent-frequency 效率efficient- efficiency 好奇curious-curiosity 慷慨generous-generosity隐私private-privacyv.→n.道歉apologize-apology 发现discover-discovery 同情sympathize-sympathy 伤害/伤处injure-injury 投递deliver-deliveryn.→n.奴隶/奴隶制slave-slavery 国家/国籍nation-nationality 陶盆/陶器pot-pottery 机器/机械装置machine-machinery 珠宝jewel-jewelry 风景scene-scenery面包师/面包房baker-bakery 杂货商/杂货铺grocer-grocery护士/幼儿园nurse-nursery 抢劫犯/抢劫robber 诗/诗人/诗歌poem-poet-poetry 鱼/渔民/渔场fish-fisherman-fishery-al到达arrive-arrival 提议/求婚propose-proposal 赞成approve-approval拒绝refuse-refusal 生存survive-survival课本单词欠债debt 击败defeat 保卫defend 高兴的delighted 要求demand 甜点dessert 侦探detective 恐龙dinosaur 分歧disagreement磁盘disk 区别distinction 宿舍dormitory 退学drop out 醉的drunk黄昏dusk 垃圾桶dustbin不规则动词变化表AAA型：cost cost cost花费cut cut cut 切burst burst burst爆发hit hit hit碰撞,击hurt hurt hurt 伤害; let let let 让put put put 放read read read 读rid rid rid 放set set set设置shut shut shut 关spread spread spread传播upset upset upset使心烦意乱常用谚语1、人际关系类患难见真情A friend in need is a friend indeed.对来说是佳肴，对他来说是毒药One man’s meat is another’s poison.己所不欲勿施于人Do as you would be done by.狐朋狗友不如无友Better be alone than in bad company.宁做鸡头不做凤尾Better be the head of dog than the tail of a lion.。
.involve 涉及，卷入，牵涉，包含.crack n.裂缝，破裂声，挖苦话v.敲破，敲裂.original 最初的，新颖的.reluctant 不情愿的.press v.挤压n.报刊，新闻界，出版者.worldwide adj.全世界的adv.在全世界地.behalf n.代表，利益.exhaust v.使筋疲力尽，耗尽n.排气装置，废气.perceive v.意识到，察觉，发现，认为.resolve v.解决，决心n.决心.confront 勇敢面对，遭遇，使当面对证.means 方法，手段，工具.minimum n.最低限度，最小量adj 最小的.adequate 充足的，尚可的，可以胜任的.launch v.创办，发起，起飞，开始从事n.游艇，发射.assist n.帮助，助攻v.帮助，促进.connection n.连接，连接物，联系.flexible 柔软的，灵活的，易曲的.insult v.侮辱n.侮辱的言行.overall adj.全面的，全部的n.罩衫，工装裤.optional 可选择的，随意的.chill v.(使）感冒，变冷n.寒冷adj.扫兴的.insure 保险，保证，给......上保险.company n.公司，交往，陪伴.squeeze v.硬塞，用力挤压，榨取n.压榨.guard n.警卫，哨兵vt.保卫，看守.drift n.漂流，漂流物，趋势Vi.漂流，游荡.crisis 危机，存亡之际.strategy 谋略，策略.neglect v.忽视，忽略n.忽视.candidate 候选人，投考人.casual n.临时工，便服adj.偶然的，临时的，随便的.response 回答，反应.shield v.保护n.盾，防护物.dim v.变暗淡adj.暗淡的，弱的.rank n.等级，官阶v.排名，分级，列队.enable 使能够，使可能.remote n.遥控器adj.遥远的，偏僻的.issue n.问题，议题，发行物vi.发行.estate 土地，住宅，财产，地产，遗产.drain n.排水沟，排水v.排水，耗尽.principle 原则，主意，真理公民的，国内的.conduct n.行为v.做，指挥，传导（电，热等）.adopt 过继，收养，吸收，采纳.deceive 欺骗，蒙蔽，背叛.register 登记，注册.parallel adj平行的，相似的n平行线，相似物v.与...平行.assignment n.分配，委派，作业.intend 想要，打算，企图.faithful 忠诚的，如实的.regardless adj.不顾的，不注意的adv不顾一切地，无论如何.tough 坚韧的，健壮的，强硬棘手的.transmit 传送，传播，发射.insert n.插入物，插页V.插入，嵌入.isolate 使隔离，使绝缘.file n.文件，档案，文件夹V.把文件归档.install 安装，设置，正式任命.boast 夸耀，吹嘘，自负.focus n.焦点，注意力v.使聚焦.conscious 自觉的，意识到的，神志清醒的.emit 散发，发射，发表.stroke 一击，突然发作，中风.current adj.当前的，流行的n.（电，水）流，思潮.lower adj.较低的，位于南方的v.降落，降低.incident 事件，事变.enroll v.参加，注册，登记，入学.expansion 扩大，扩张，膨胀.resort n.求助，凭借，诉诸v.求助，采取.whereas 然而，但是，尽管.alter 改变，改动.illustrate 举例说明，阐明，图解.derive 起源，取得.liar 说谎的人.negotiation 谈判.indicate 指示，表明，表示，显示n.证据，证明v.校验.region 地区，区域，范围.transform 将.....变形，变化.assume 猜想，假设，呈现.reputation 名声，名誉.dissolve 使溶解，解散，废除.attach 系，贴，缚。
（完整版）自动控制专业英语词汇自动控制专业英语词汇（一）acceleration transducer 加速度传感器acceptance testing 验收测试accessibility 可及性accumulated error 累积误差AC-DC-AC frequency converter 交-直-交变频器AC (alternating current) electric drive 交流电子传动active attitude stabilization 主动姿态稳定actuator 驱动器，执行机构adaline 线性适应元adaptation layer 适应层adaptive telemeter system 适应遥测系统adjoint operator 伴随算子admissible error 容许误差aggregation matrix 集结矩阵AHP (analytic hierarchy process) 层次分析法amplifying element 放大环节analog-digital conversion 模数转换annunciator 信号器antenna pointing control 天线指向控制anti-integral windup 抗积分饱卷aperiodic decomposition 非周期分解a posteriori estimate 后验估计approximate reasoning 近似推理a priori estimate 先验估计articulated robot 关节型机器人assignment problem 配置问题，分配问题associative memory model 联想记忆模型associatron 联想机asymptotic stability 渐进稳定性attained pose drift 实际位姿漂移attitude acquisition 姿态捕获AOCS (attritude and orbit control system) 姿态轨道控制系统attitude angular velocity 姿态角速度attitude disturbance 姿态扰动attitude maneuver 姿态机动attractor 吸引子augment ability 可扩充性augmented system 增广系统automatic manual station 自动-手动操作器automaton 自动机autonomous system 自治系统backlash characteristics 间隙特性base coordinate system 基座坐标系Bayes classifier 贝叶斯分类器bearing alignment 方位对准bellows pressure gauge 波纹管压力表benefit-cost analysis 收益成本分析bilinear system 双线性系统biocybernetics 生物控制论biological feedback system 生物反馈系统black box testing approach 黑箱测试法blind search 盲目搜索block diagonalization 块对角化Boltzman machine 玻耳兹曼机bottom-up development 自下而上开发boundary value analysis 边界值分析brainstorming method 头脑风暴法breadth-first search 广度优先搜索butterfly valve 蝶阀CAE (computer aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程CAM (computer aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造Camflex valve 偏心旋转阀canonical state variable 规范化状态变量capacitive displacement transducer 电容式位移传感器capsule pressure gauge 膜盒压力表CARD 计算机辅助研究开发Cartesian robot 直角坐标型机器人cascade compensation 串联补偿catastrophe theory 突变论centrality 集中性chained aggregation 链式集结chaos 混沌characteristic locus 特征轨迹chemical propulsion 化学推进calrity 清晰性classical information pattern 经典信息模式classifier 分类器clinical control system 临床控制系统closed loop pole 闭环极点closed loop transfer function 闭环传递函数cluster analysis 聚类分析coarse-fine control 粗-精控制cobweb model 蛛网模型coefficient matrix 系数矩阵cognitive science 认知科学cognitron 认知机coherent system 单调关联系统combination decision 组合决策combinatorial explosion 组合爆炸combined pressure and vacuum gauge 压力真空表command pose 指令位姿companion matrix 相伴矩阵compartmental model 房室模型compatibility 相容性，兼容性compensating network 补偿网络compensation 补偿，矫正compliance 柔顺，顺应composite control 组合控制computable general equilibrium model 可计算一般均衡模型conditionally instability 条件不稳定性configuration 组态connectionism 连接机制connectivity 连接性conservative system 守恒系统consistency 一致性constraint condition 约束条件consumption function 消费函数context-free grammar 上下文无关语法continuous discrete event hybrid system simulation 连续离散事件混合系统仿真continuous duty 连续工作制control accuracy 控制精度control cabinet 控制柜controllability index 可控指数controllable canonical form 可控规范型[control] plant 控制对象,被控对象controlling instrument 控制仪表control moment gyro 控制力矩陀螺control panel 控制屏，控制盘control synchro 控制[式]自整角机control system synthesis 控制系统综合control time horizon 控制时程cooperative game 合作对策coordinability condition 可协调条件coordination strategy 协调策略coordinator 协调器corner frequency 转折频率costate variable 共态变量cost-effectiveness analysis 费用效益分析coupling of orbit and attitude 轨道和姿态耦合critical damping 临界阻尼critical stability 临界稳定性cross-over frequency 穿越频率，交越频率current source inverter 电流[源]型逆变器cut-off frequency 截止频率cybernetics 控制论cyclic remote control 循环遥控cylindrical robot 圆柱坐标型机器人damped oscillation 阻尼振荡damper 阻尼器damping ratio 阻尼比data acquisition 数据采集data encryption 数据加密data preprocessing 数据预处理data processor 数据处理器DC generator-motor set drive 直流发电机-电动机组传动D controller 微分控制器decentrality 分散性decentralized stochastic control 分散随机控制decision space 决策空间decision support system 决策支持系统decomposition-aggregation approach 分解集结法decoupling parameter 解耦参数deductive-inductive hybrid modeling method 演绎与归纳混合建模法delayed telemetry 延时遥测derivation tree 导出树derivative feedback 微分反馈describing function 描述函数desired value 希望值despinner 消旋体destination 目的站detector 检出器deterministic automaton 确定性自动机deviation 偏差deviation alarm 偏差报警器DFD 数据流图diagnostic model 诊断模型diagonally dominant matrix 对角主导矩阵diaphragm pressure gauge 膜片压力表difference equation model 差分方程模型differential dynamical system 微分动力学系统differential game 微分对策differential pressure level meter 差压液位计differential pressure transmitter 差压变送器differential transformer displacement transducer 差动变压器式位移传感器differentiation element 微分环节digital filer 数字滤波器digital signal processing 数字信号处理digitization 数字化digitizer 数字化仪dimension transducer 尺度传感器direct coordination 直接协调disaggregation 解裂discoordination 失协调discrete event dynamic system 离散事件动态系统discrete system simulation language 离散系统仿真语言discriminant function 判别函数displacement vibration amplitude transducer 位移振幅传感器dissipative structure 耗散结构distributed parameter control system 分布参数控制系统distrubance 扰动disturbance compensation 扰动补偿diversity 多样性divisibility 可分性domain knowledge 领域知识dominant pole 主导极点dose-response model 剂量反应模型dual modulation telemetering system 双重调制遥测系统dual principle 对偶原理dual spin stabilization 双自旋稳定duty ratio 负载比dynamic braking 能耗制动dynamic characteristics 动态特性dynamic deviation 动态偏差dynamic error coefficient 动态误差系数dynamic exactness 动它吻合性dynamic input-output model 动态投入产出模型econometric model 计量经济模型economic cybernetics 经济控制论economic effectiveness 经济效益economic evaluation 经济评价economic index 经济指数economic indicator 经济指标eddy current thickness meter 电涡流厚度计effectiveness 有效性effectiveness theory 效益理论elasticity of demand 需求弹性electric actuator 电动执行机构electric conductance levelmeter 电导液位计electric drive control gear 电动传动控制设备electric hydraulic converter 电-液转换器electric pneumatic converter 电-气转换器electrohydraulic servo vale 电液伺服阀electromagnetic flow transducer 电磁流量传感器electronic batching scale 电子配料秤electronic belt conveyor scale 电子皮带秤electronic hopper scale 电子料斗秤elevation 仰角emergency stop 异常停止empirical distribution 经验分布endogenous variable 内生变量equilibrium growth 均衡增长equilibrium point 平衡点equivalence partitioning 等价类划分ergonomics 工效学error 误差error-correction parsing 纠错剖析estimate 估计量estimation theory 估计理论evaluation technique 评价技术event chain 事件链evolutionary system 进化系统exogenous variable 外生变量expected characteristics 希望特性external disturbance 外扰fact base 事实failure diagnosis 故障诊断fast mode 快变模态feasibility study 可行性研究feasible coordination 可行协调feasible region 可行域feature detection 特征检测feature extraction 特征抽取feedback compensation 反馈补偿feedforward path 前馈通路field bus 现场总线finite automaton 有限自动机FIP (factory information protocol) 工厂信息协议first order predicate logic 一阶谓词逻辑fixed sequence manipulator 固定顺序机械手fixed set point control 定值控制FMS (flexible manufacturing system) 柔性制造系统flow sensor/transducer 流量传感器flow transmitter 流量变送器fluctuation 涨落forced oscillation 强迫振荡formal language theory 形式语言理论formal neuron 形式神经元forward path 正向通路forward reasoning 正向推理fractal 分形体，分维体frequency converter 变频器frequency domain model reduction method 频域模型降阶法frequency response 频域响应full order observer 全阶观测器functional decomposition 功能分解FES (functional electrical stimulation) 功能电刺激functional simularity 功能相似fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑game tree 对策树gate valve 闸阀general equilibrium theory 一般均衡理论generalized least squares estimation 广义最小二乘估计generation function 生成函数geomagnetic torque 地磁力矩geometric similarity 几何相似gimbaled wheel 框架轮global asymptotic stability 全局渐进稳定性global optimum 全局最优globe valve 球形阀goal coordination method 目标协调法grammatical inference 文法推断graphic search 图搜索gravity gradient torque 重力梯度力矩group technology 成组技术guidance system 制导系统gyro drift rate 陀螺漂移率gyrostat 陀螺体Hall displacement transducer 霍尔式位移传感器hardware-in-the-loop simulation 半实物仿真harmonious deviation 和谐偏差harmonious strategy 和谐策略heuristic inference 启发式推理hidden oscillation 隐蔽振荡hierarchical chart 层次结构图hierarchical planning 递阶规划hierarchical control 递阶控制homeostasis 内稳态homomorphic model 同态系统horizontal decomposition 横向分解hormonal control 内分泌控制hydraulic step motor 液压步进马达hypercycle theory 超循环理论I controller 积分控制器identifiability 可辨识性IDSS (intelligent decision support system) 智能决策支持系统image recognition 图像识别impulse 冲量impulse function 冲击函数，脉冲函数inching 点动incompatibility principle 不相容原理incremental motion control 增量运动控制index of merit 品质因数inductive force transducer 电感式位移传感器inductive modeling method 归纳建模法industrial automation 工业自动化inertial attitude sensor 惯性姿态敏感器inertial coordinate system 惯性坐标系inertial wheel 惯性轮inference engine 推理机infinite dimensional system 无穷维系统information acquisition 信息采集infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析器inherent nonlinearity 固有非线性inherent regulation 固有调节initial deviation 初始偏差initiator 发起站injection attitude 入轨姿势input-output model 投入产出模型instability 不稳定性instruction level language 指令级语言integral of absolute value of error criterion 绝对误差积分准则integral of squared error criterion 平方误差积分准则integral performance criterion 积分性能准则integration instrument 积算仪器integrity 整体性intelligent terminal 智能终端interacted system 互联系统，关联系统interactive prediction approach 互联预估法，关联预估法interconnection 互联intermittent duty 断续工作制internal disturbance 内扰ISM (interpretive structure modeling) 解释结构建模法invariant embedding principle 不变嵌入原理inventory theory 库伦论inverse Nyquist diagram 逆奈奎斯特图inverter 逆变器investment decision 投资决策isomorphic model 同构模型iterative coordination 迭代协调jet propulsion 喷气推进job-lot control 分批控制joint 关节Kalman-Bucy filer 卡尔曼-布西滤波器knowledge accomodation 知识顺应knowledge acquisition 知识获取knowledge assimilation 知识同化KBMS (knowledge base management system) 知识库管理系统knowledge representation 知识表达ladder diagram 梯形图lag-lead compensation 滞后超前补偿Lagrange duality 拉格朗日对偶性Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换large scale system 大系统lateral inhibition network 侧抑制网络least cost input 最小成本投入least squares criterion 最小二乘准则level switch 物位开关libration damping 天平动阻尼limit cycle 极限环linearization technique 线性化方法linear motion electric drive 直线运动电气传动linear motion valve 直行程阀linear programming 线性规划LQR (linear quadratic regulator problem) 线性二次调节器问题load cell 称重传感器local asymptotic stability 局部渐近稳定性local optimum 局部最优log magnitude-phase diagram 对数幅相图long term memory 长期记忆lumped parameter model 集总参数模型Lyapunov theorem of asymptotic stability 李雅普诺夫渐近稳定性定理自动控制专业英语词汇（二）macro-economic system 宏观经济系统magnetic dumping 磁卸载magnetoelastic weighing cell 磁致弹性称重传感器magnitude-frequency characteristic 幅频特性magnitude margin 幅值裕度magnitude scale factor 幅值比例尺manipulator 机械手man-machine coordination 人机协调manual station 手动操作器MAP (manufacturing automation protocol) 制造自动化协议marginal effectiveness 边际效益Mason's gain formula 梅森增益公式master station 主站matching criterion 匹配准则maximum likelihood estimation 最大似然估计maximum overshoot 最大超调量maximum principle 极大值原理mean-square error criterion 均方误差准则mechanism model 机理模型meta-knowledge 元知识metallurgical automation 冶金自动化minimal realization 最小实现minimum phase system 最小相位系统minimum variance estimation 最小方差估计minor loop 副回路missile-target relative movement simulator 弹体-目标相对运动仿真器modal aggregation 模态集结modal transformation 模态变换MB (model base) 模型库model confidence 模型置信度model fidelity 模型逼真度model reference adaptive control system 模型参考适应控制系统model verification 模型验证modularization 模块化MEC (most economic control) 最经济控制motion space 可动空间MTBF (mean time between failures) 平均故障间隔时间MTTF (mean time to failures) 平均无故障时间multi-attributive utility function 多属性效用函数multicriteria 多重判据multilevel hierarchical structure 多级递阶结构multiloop control 多回路控制multi-objective decision 多目标决策multistate logic 多态逻辑multistratum hierarchical control 多段递阶控制multivariable control system 多变量控制系统myoelectric control 肌电控制Nash optimality 纳什最优性natural language generation 自然语言生成nearest-neighbor 最近邻necessity measure 必然性侧度negative feedback 负反馈neural assembly 神经集合neural network computer 神经网络计算机Nichols chart 尼科尔斯图noetic science 思维科学noncoherent system 非单调关联系统noncooperative game 非合作博弈nonequilibrium state 非平衡态nonlinear element 非线性环节nonmonotonic logic 非单调逻辑nonparametric training 非参数训练nonreversible electric drive 不可逆电气传动nonsingular perturbation 非奇异摄动non-stationary random process 非平稳随机过程nuclear radiation levelmeter 核辐射物位计nutation sensor 章动敏感器Nyquist stability criterion 奈奎斯特稳定判据objective function 目标函数observability index 可观测指数observable canonical form 可观测规范型on-line assistance 在线帮助on-off control 通断控制open loop pole 开环极点operational research model 运筹学模型optic fiber tachometer 光纤式转速表optimal trajectory 最优轨迹optimization technique 最优化技术orbital rendezvous 轨道交会orbit gyrocompass 轨道陀螺罗盘orbit perturbation 轨道摄动order parameter 序参数orientation control 定向控制originator 始发站oscillating period 振荡周期output prediction method 输出预估法oval wheel flowmeter 椭圆齿轮流量计overall design 总体设计overdamping 过阻尼overlapping decomposition 交叠分解Pade approximation 帕德近似Pareto optimality 帕雷托最优性passive attitude stabilization 被动姿态稳定path repeatability 路径可重复性pattern primitive 模式基元PR (pattern recognition) 模式识别P control 比例控制器peak time 峰值时间penalty function method 罚函数法perceptron 感知器periodic duty 周期工作制perturbation theory 摄动理论pessimistic value 悲观值phase locus 相轨迹phase trajectory 相轨迹phase lead 相位超前photoelectric tachometric transducer 光电式转速传感器phrase-structure grammar 短句结构文法physical symbol system 物理符号系统piezoelectric force transducer 压电式力传感器playback robot 示教再现式机器人PLC (programmable logic controller) 可编程序逻辑控制器plug braking 反接制动plug valve 旋塞阀pneumatic actuator 气动执行机构point-to-point control 点位控制polar robot 极坐标型机器人pole assignment 极点配置pole-zero cancellation 零极点相消polynomial input 多项式输入portfolio theory 投资搭配理论pose overshoot 位姿过调量position measuring instrument 位置测量仪posentiometric displacement transducer 电位器式位移传感器positive feedback 正反馈power system automation 电力系统自动化predicate logic 谓词逻辑pressure gauge with electric contact 电接点压力表pressure transmitter 压力变送器price coordination 价格协调primal coordination 主协调primary frequency zone 主频区PCA (principal component analysis) 主成分分析法principle of turnpike 大道原理priority 优先级process-oriented simulation 面向过程的仿真production budget 生产预算production rule 产生式规则profit forecast 利润预测PERT (program evaluation and review technique) 计划评审技术program set station 程序设定操作器proportional control 比例控制proportional plus derivative controller 比例微分控制器protocol engineering 协议工程prototype 原型pseudo random sequence 伪随机序列pseudo-rate-increment control 伪速率增量控制pulse duration 脉冲持续时间pulse frequency modulation control system 脉冲调频控制系统pulse width modulation control system 脉冲调宽控制系统PWM inverter 脉宽调制逆变器pushdown automaton 下推自动机QC (quality control) 质量管理quadratic performance index 二次型性能指标qualitative physical model 定性物理模型quantized noise 量化噪声quasilinear characteristics 准线性特性queuing theory 排队论radio frequency sensor 射频敏感器ramp function 斜坡函数random disturbance 随机扰动random process 随机过程rate integrating gyro 速率积分陀螺ratio station 比值操作器reachability 可达性reaction wheel control 反作用轮控制realizability 可实现性,能实现性real time telemetry 实时遥测receptive field 感受野rectangular robot 直角坐标型机器人rectifier 整流器recursive estimation 递推估计reduced order observer 降阶观测器redundant information 冗余信息reentry control 再入控制regenerative braking 回馈制动，再生制动regional planning model 区域规划模型regulating device 调节装载regulation 调节relational algebra 关系代数relay characteristic 继电器特性remote manipulator 遥控操作器remote regulating 遥调remote set point adjuster 远程设定点调整器rendezvous and docking 交会和对接reproducibility 再现性resistance thermometer sensor 热电阻resolution principle 归结原理resource allocation 资源分配response curve 响应曲线return difference matrix 回差矩阵return ratio matrix 回比矩阵reverberation 回响reversible electric drive 可逆电气传动revolute robot 关节型机器人revolution speed transducer 转速传感器rewriting rule 重写规则rigid spacecraft dynamics 刚性航天动力学risk decision 风险分析robotics 机器人学robot programming language 机器人编程语言robust control 鲁棒控制robustness 鲁棒性roll gap measuring instrument 辊缝测量仪root locus 根轨迹roots flowmeter 腰轮流量计rotameter 浮子流量计，转子流量计rotary eccentric plug valve 偏心旋转阀rotary motion valve 角行程阀rotating transformer 旋转变压器Routh approximation method 劳思近似判据routing problem 路径问题sampled-data control system 采样控制系统sampling control system 采样控制系统saturation characteristics 饱和特性scalar Lyapunov function 标量李雅普诺夫函数SCARA (selective compliance assembly robot arm) 平面关节型机器人scenario analysis method 情景分析法scene analysis 物景分析s-domain s域self-operated controller 自力式控制器self-organizing system 自组织系统self-reproducing system 自繁殖系统self-tuning control 自校正控制semantic network 语义网络semi-physical simulation 半实物仿真sensing element 敏感元件sensitivity analysis 灵敏度分析sensory control 感觉控制sequential decomposition 顺序分解sequential least squares estimation 序贯最小二乘估计servo control 伺服控制，随动控制servomotor 伺服马达settling time 过渡时间sextant 六分仪short term planning 短期计划short time horizon coordination 短时程协调signal detection and estimation 信号检测和估计signal reconstruction 信号重构similarity 相似性simulated interrupt 仿真中断simulation block diagram 仿真框图simulation experiment 仿真实验simulation velocity 仿真速度simulator 仿真器single axle table 单轴转台single degree of freedom gyro 单自由度陀螺single level process 单级过程single value nonlinearity 单值非线性singular attractor 奇异吸引子singular perturbation 奇异摄动sink 汇点slaved system 受役系统slower-than-real-time simulation 欠实时仿真slow subsystem 慢变子系统socio-cybernetics 社会控制论socioeconomic system 社会经济系统software psychology 软件心理学solar array pointing control 太阳帆板指向控制solenoid valve 电磁阀source 源点specific impulse 比冲speed control system 调速系统spin axis 自旋轴spinner 自旋体stability criterion 稳定性判据stability limit 稳定极限stabilization 镇定，稳定Stackelberg decision theory 施塔克尔贝格决策理论state equation model 状态方程模型state space description 状态空间描述static characteristics curve 静态特性曲线station accuracy 定点精度stationary random process 平稳随机过程statistical analysis 统计分析statistic pattern recognition 统计模式识别steady state deviation 稳态偏差steady state error coefficient 稳态误差系数step-by-step control 步进控制step function 阶跃函数stepwise refinement 逐步精化stochastic finite automaton 随机有限自动机strain gauge load cell 应变式称重传感器strategic function 策略函数strongly coupled system 强耦合系统subjective probability 主观频率suboptimality 次优性supervised training 监督学习supervisory computer control system 计算机监控系统sustained oscillation 自持振荡swirlmeter 旋进流量计switching point 切换点symbolic processing 符号处理synaptic plasticity 突触可塑性synergetics 协同学syntactic analysis 句法分析system assessment 系统评价systematology 系统学system homomorphism 系统同态system isomorphism 系统同构system engineering 系统工程tachometer 转速表target flow transmitter 靶式流量变送器task cycle 作业周期teaching programming 示教编程telemechanics 远动学。
