视译练习120200115

（2）too 和too much 基本语义是一样的， 但是在此结构里后者语气强于前者， 所 以译文里应该体现出这种差异。 （3）最后一句的翻译更符合语境需要， 原文寓意表达得更清楚。
第7单元 程度句视译 （例段）
2. The advances in software are very important—the way that we do this redundancy to make these systems incredibly high quality; the way that we can take, even when the connections aren’t happening, to find new ways to make those connections, so we get extreme reliability; and then finally the end devices themselves, the portable computers you take everywhere.
systems incredibly high quality; the way that we can
量水准；
也指在链接无效时，
take, even when the connections aren’t happening, 为找到获得链接的新方法而采取的方法，
to find new ways to make those connections,
第7单元 程度句视译 （例段）
〈译评〉（1）这是一段专业性较强的文字，原文 听者应该具备专业背景知识；译文听者 也是如此，所以译文也应该具有较地道 的专业内涵。
（2）Extreme reliability 在此是一个商 业意味浓厚的词汇，视译译文更清楚地 阐明了当事方的商业关系，译文恰到好 处。

视译： 人们常说， 亚裔美国人是“模范少数民族”， 父母每天工作18小时， 在家庭经营的杂货店辛劳。 子女也以同样惊人的坚韧精神， 在学校里刻苦学习。
4
视译单位之间的连接
At a glance, the evidence seems clear: while the first Asians to come to America lived poorly as farmers, miners and railway workers, we now enjoy one of the highest average incomes in the country.
视译：
粗略一看， 成功的证据十分清楚： 第一批亚洲人来到美国， 他们生活贫困， 当农民、当矿工、当铁路工人， 而我们现在却是美国平均收入最高的群体之一。
6
视译单位之间的连接Байду номын сангаас
Here at Harvard, 18% of the class of 1996 are Asian Americans, compared to 3% of the total US population. By focusing on the “positive stereotype”, however, one neglects the other side of our lives.
视译：
我们尤其感到难受的是
一种特有的认同危机。
于是我们开始质疑，
质疑我们父辈归顺的生活方式，
质疑我们埋头读书的态度，
质疑我们狭隘的目标，
质疑我们以前对成功的理解。
14
视译：
对于我们中许多人来说， 也就是对第二代移民来说， 总有不舒服的感觉， 这就是作为亚裔美国人的感觉。

汉英视译—句子视译练习1.我们支持学生们成立自己的学习小组。

2.我们非常欢迎你们参加我们的讨论。

3.奥巴马率领美国代表团出席了在墨西哥举行的G20峰会。

4.法国投票支持了安理会反对恐怖主义的所有决议。

5.中国支持俄罗斯加入世贸组织。

6.请大家和我们一起庆祝这个伟大的时刻。

7.你这个建议对我们实施科教兴国战略非常有帮助。

8.总统批准增加拨款500万美元，解决沙漠部队饮水问题。

9.我们希望两国之间进一步加强合作，增加交流。

10.他一向很支持我们的工作。

11.安理会第126次会议通过决议，对该国实施制裁。

12.1978年12月，中国共产党第十一届三中全会作出了实行改革开放的战略决策。

13.发展中国家，最不发达国家和小岛屿国家的经济过去十年遇到许多困难。

14.我们救灾工作的效率还可以更好一些。

15.我们要求增加纺织品配额20%，我们很高兴双方已经达成一致。

现在我们接下去讨论钢铁产品出口问题。

16.学校决定精简机构，减少系科。

17.这些国家必须先建立法制，经济才能走上可持续发展的道路。

18.中国的国有企业，东西出口到别的国家，经常受到反倾销的指控。

19.中国经济已经高速增长了近30年，今后的30年是否依然可以保持较高的增长速度？20.二十世纪以来，科技革命迅猛发展，人类取得了一系列辉煌的科学技术成果。

21.世界各国环境部长将于7月1日在温哥华举行会议，重点讨论全球气候变暖的问题。

22.发达国家对气候变暖负有历史责任，需要在温室气体减排行动中做出表率。

23.根据我市经济快速发展的需要，我们将在西郊建立一个经济开发区。

24.友好国家，石油保证供应，敌对国家，石油禁运，一般国家，石油限量供应。

25.推进人力资源能力建设，要提高国民健康水平。

26.有市场、有效益的速度，才是真正的发展，才是硬道理。

27.陕西，人人都是投资环境，处处都是投资环境。

28.在旧金山，城市规划就是最大的政治。

29.人必须因材施教，适才适所，这很重要。

第3单元 数词句视译

的局面；（4）进行英汉数词多类双向视译训练。其目的 是通过这种训练增强学生的瞬间转换能力。因为，在把一 种语言翻译成另一种语言时（当然包含数词），如英译汉 或汉译英，随时可能需要进行反向翻译。在各种谈判翻译 场合，这种瞬间需要转换翻译方向的现象尤为常见。
第3单元 数词句视译（要点梳理）
第3单元 数词句视译（例篇）



Generally speaking, larger countries have a larger population. For instance, Malta has an area of 316 sq kilometers and a population of 366,000; Holland, an area of 41,160 sq kilometers and a population of 14,275,000; and France, an area of 551,208 sq kilometers and a population of 53,963,000. However, it is not always so owing to historical, geographical and economic reasons. As we know, China, the United States, and Canada roughly have the same area (respectively 9,600,000; 9,363,123, and 9,922,330 sq kilometers). But their populations vary a great deal with China 1.3 billion, the United States 229,805,000 and Canada 24,098,000. Another illustrating example is the former Soviet Union with an area of 22,402,200 sq kilometers and a population of only 268,800,000, and India with an area of only 2,974,700 sq kilometers but a population as large as 700,000,000.

英汉视译知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新大连外国语大学第一章测试1.常见的口译形式有（）。

参考答案:联络口译;交替传译;视译;同声传译2.视译通常应用于（）场合中。

（）参考答案:旅游参观;商务谈判;研讨会;法庭口译3.视译中，译员的精力主要分配在（）几个方面。

参考答案:阅读;译语产出;短时记忆;协调4.视译的标准可以归纳为（）。

参考答案:易懂;简洁;准确;流畅5.要做好视译，译员需要具备的一些基本素质有（）。

参考答案:出众的记忆力;广博的知识面;扎实的双语功底;敏捷的思维能力第二章测试1.（）是视译的第一步，也是视译中理解的基础。

参考答案:阅读2.（）指的是在写出译文的同时对不认识或不肯定的单词或汉字进行注音。

参考答案:注音标识3.视译中的微观阅读是对篇章内部各单位如词语、短语、句子、段落的消化理解，是对作者写作意图语交际目的的深入认识。

( )参考答案:对4.视译中，快速阅读的主要方法有：通过略读迅速获取核心信息；通过寻读获取文章细节；以及通过细读寻找特定信息和词语。

（）参考答案:错5.中心概念标识是指在碰到长句和复杂的句子时，使用合适的符号将句子的主谓宾等主要成分标识出来，以方便译文的组织。

（）参考答案:错第三章测试1.在视译过程中，以_________为单位进行断句，无法有效实现顺译。

（）参考答案:单词;意群;整句2.类意群应具备的特征包括__________。

（）参考答案:相对独立的意义概念;能够通过连接于灵活地与前后的视译单位结合独立完整的句子;在一目可及的范围之内3.以下关于类意群特征的说明，哪些是正确的？（）参考答案:能“较灵活地与前后的视译单位结合”，给增译留出了充分的余地。

;“在一目可及的范围之内”，译员能够迅速地调整语序，译文不会支离破碎。

;具有“相对独立的意义概念”可以从大处保持原文语序，给断句提供极大的方便。

4.避免类意群切分不当的策略包括__________。

（）参考答案:调整视阅范围;合理切分意群;丰富知识储备;提升阅读速度5.实现类意群衔接的具体策略包括__________。

Translation & Interpretation Exercises
Sophia
Cultural Differences in Body Language:

Major cultural differences occur in eye contact, body motions, touch and perception of time and space. //For instance, Chinese, Indonesians, and rural Mexicans lower their eyes as a sign of defense. // To them direct eye contact shows interest.// There are also differences in use of eye contact in the subcultures of the United States.//For example, blacks use more continuous eye contact than whites when they are speaking but less when they are listening.

1).The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 2). It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. 3). This is a false choice. 4). Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 5). Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake-a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.

时代变迁（口译练习材料）1.1.I have certainly seen lots of changes in my lifetime! I look around my home and see 'mod cons' that I could never have dreamed of fifty or sixty years ago. I spent the early part of childhood in a cottage without running water or electricity and yet these days, I feel paralyzed if there is a power cut for even just an hour or two! So, I have changed too. Things that I couldn't even imagine in the past now seem quite normal.2. Businessmen can travel from London to New York in three hours and lots of people exceed the seventy-mile-per-hour speed limit on motorways. A person of 75 is not old these days. A serious illness does not mean certain death because there have been so many advances in medical science. We no longer need to be afraid of contracting （becoming infected）diseases like polio or smallpox.I can speak to my son in Australia from my own sitting room here in Manchester, watch athletes running a race on the other side of the world without moving from my own home and I can even do my shopping while I sit here in an armchair. I never need to worry about food going bad in the warm weather and, at the flick of a switch, I can have a hot meal in a couple of minutes. So, it seems, the quality of life has greatly improved since my own childhood.3. I'm not convinced, however, that people are happier today than they were 50 years ago. We are certainly materially better off than we were but most people still seem to be weighed down by problems. My daughter and her family are a good illustration. They have a spacious, comfortable home with every labour-saving device you can think of. There's a washing machine, a clothes dryer, a food processor, a vacuum cleaner and all sorts of other household items which are designed to save time but it seems to me that my daughter and her husband just spend all that'saved' time working! They never relax and are always complaining of being tired and 'stressed'. 4. Children these days have all sorts of 'educational toys' and yet they seem unable to amuse themselves. My daughter tries to limit the time her children spend watching television but when they aren't watching TV, they are miserable. They play with new toys for a day or two and then discard them once the novelty has worn off. When we were children, we had almost nothing but we were so inventive. We had all sorts of fun and games in the nearby woods. But, of course, children can't play safely outdoors any longer. There is so much crime and parents are afraid to let their children go out alone in case they are molested, kidnapped, raped or even murdered. These crimes may not be directly related to modern inventions but there must be some connection.5. The increased number of burglaries is definitely a result of the fact that we now have many more possessions for people to steal. When I was a child, we could leave our house unlocked when we went out. There was nothing that would be of any use to anyone! But even though I now live alone, I have all sorts possessions that are attractive to burglars - my radio, the TV, a video, a micro-wave cooker and so on. I don't keep cash at home though. These days there is no need for cash, is there? I just use cheques and credit cards. That's another major change, I suppose.6. There are all sorts of new inventions and I'm surprised how easily an old lady like me adjusts. I always thought I'd never be able to use a telephone but now I couldn't live without one. My daughter often suggests that I should have a computer. I can't imagine that, yet one never knows! I used to think 'that you can't teach an old dog new tricks' but I have to admit I have learned lots of new 'tricks' in my old age. It's essential to move with times I suppose. I do feel sense of nostalgia about the past yet I rather enjoy the convenience of Britain in the 1990's!生活的变化我一生中当然看到了生活中的很多变化。

一、Sight-S-0011.In a few minutes the Secretary of State will give us a report on the latest developments in theMiddle East and his efforts for an international peace conference.2.We expect the recent initiative will have a positive impact on the world economy, particularlythe economies of the developing countries and least developed countries.3.The faculty assembly supports a gradual reduction of the administration costs of the school.4.On behalf of my delegation, I would like to congratulate you on your election to thepresidency of the conference.5.Our success is an excellent example of the effective cooperation carried out among differentdepartments.6.I hope this incident will not pose any obstacle to their membership in the organization.7.They reaffirmed their countries commitment to the conclusion as soon as possible of aninternational treaty to achieve a comprehensive ban on nuclear test explosions.8.They agreed that nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula would represent a grave threat toregional and international security, and decided that their countries would consult with each other on ways to eliminate this danger.9.In addition, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus will receive compensation for the value of theHEU in warheads transferred to Russia.10.We urgently request that the search for solutions to the economic crisis of the third world ingeneral, and of Africa in particular, should mobilize all the intellectual and moral resources required and take into account all aspects of the problem, without forgetting or overlooking the social aspects, for its people, more than sates, that must remain the major beneficiaries of the remedial measures to be advocated.以上10个句子皆属于词性转换的例子，都是把英文的动意转化为中文的动词。

视译练习（Sight Translation）Unit OneTask 1你在英语学习上投入很多，也有很好的自制力。

你上课认真听讲，按时完成作业。

可你是否感到你的英语还是不尽人意？甚至有时候感到沮丧，想要放弃？尝试一下张强的学习方法吧，它也许会使你的英语学习大有收获。

不像一些只花时间背单词的学习者，张抓住一切机会练习英语,了解英语文化。

他参加课堂活动，他去校园里的英语角与人用英语交流，他还喜欢看英语影片。

相信我吧，这方法值得一试。

You don’t lack commitment and discipline in English learning. You listen to the teacher carefully in class and hand in your assignments on time. Do you feel your English is still far from what you expect? Do you feel frustrated, even feel like giving up sometimes? Try the learning method of Zhang Qiang. You might reap the benefits of it. Unlike other English learners, spending almost all their time memorizing vocabulary, Zhang gets access to every opportunity to practice his English and gain insights into the English culture. He actively participates in class activities, he communicates with others at English corners, and he likes English movies very much. Trust me, his positive method is well worth trying!Task 2学生社团是大学新生沟通中学生活与大学生活的桥梁。

视译练习31.词汇与表达Asian American 亚裔美国人Family grocery 家庭经营的杂货店Legacy 遗产Endemic 某地（或某些人中）流行的Identity crisis 认同危机Accommodationist 倾向白人思想观点的2.语段视译It is often said that Asian Americans are a “model minority”, with parents who work 18 hours a day in the family grocery and childrenwho work with equal amazing perseverance in the classroom. At a glance, the evidence seems clear: while the first Asians to come to America lived poorly as farmers, miners and railway workers, we now enjoy one of the highest average incomes in the country. Here at Harvard, 18% of the class of 1996 are Asian Americans, compared to 3% of the total US population. By focusing on the “positive stereotype”, however, one neglects the other side of our lives. For many of us——the second generation ——there is something uncomfortable about being Asian in America. Although many of us appreciate the great sacrifices our parents have made, their economic success somehow represents for us an unsatisfying legacy. We suffer in particular from an endemic identity crisis. We have begun to question the accommodationist ways of our forebears, our quietly studious manner, our narrow priorities, and our previous notions of success.美国亚裔人经常被称为“模范少数民族”。

Passage 1（视译）美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。

//在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主旋律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。

//美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。

中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐。

//现在，中美联系比以往更加紧密，中国人学英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，《泰坦尼克》驶进中国，《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。

//Passage 2我们社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展，要求我们改革和完善社会福利保障体制，从而对社会服务提出了更高的要求。

//随着政府职能的转变，原来由政府包揽的许多社会服务工作，有相当一部分将逐步转移到社会团体和民间组织。

//一方面，政府的宏观管理责任将会变得更加重大。

另一方面，社会团体和民间组织有必要参与更多的社区服务工作。

//这样就提出一个课题：政府和社会团体如何密切合作，如何分工协作，更好地推进社区服务事业。

//Passage 3香港中文大学，简称“中大”，成立于1963 年。

中大是一所研究型综合大学，以“结合传统与现代，融汇中国与西方”为创校使命。

//40 多年来，中大一直致力于弘扬中华传统文化，坚持双语教育，并推行独特的书院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。

中大校园占地134 公顷，是世界上最美丽的校园之一。

//中大的师生来自世界各地。

有教职员工5200 多人、近万名本科生、约2000 多名研究生，其中约2500 多人来自45 个不同的国家和地区。

//中大实行灵活的学分制，不仅有助于培养有专有博的人才，而且还赋予学生更大的学习自主权。

中大的多元教育有助于充分发挥每一个学生的潜能。

//Passage 4改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。

视译练习有以下三种不同方式：1）学员手持讲稿，边默读边连贯地大声说出译文，做到看到哪儿说到哪儿，中间不得有过多的犹豫和停顿。

2）合作者和学员各执一份讲稿，前者朗读文稿，后者根据前者的朗读速度和节奏，对照着文稿轻声译出讲话人已说出的内容。

3）待上述练习做得比较熟练后，合作者在朗读过程中故意偏离讲稿适度临场发挥，为学员的听辨和阅读过程设置障碍，学员则随机应变悉数译出。

在视译练习的起始阶段，学员应先认真阅读讲稿，待扫清了理解和语言障碍后再进行看稿口译。

经过一段时间的适应后，学员应逐渐压缩译前准备的时间，最终做到拿起讲稿便能口译。

做视译练习时学员的声音不能盖过合作者的声音，否则便听不清源语讲话，无法跟上讲话人的节奏。

与影子练习和倒数练习不同的是：视译练习不仅是一种有效的同传训练手段，也是一种真实的口译工作方式，因为“在我国各地举行的国际会议上，90%左右的发言者都有发言稿，至少也有发言提纲。

”尽管视译练习是一种真实的口译形式，但它与同声传译仍有诸多不同。

1）同声传译要求译员在同传箱里戴着耳机接听会议发言，并通过话筒将口译文同步传达给听众；而学员在做视译练习时由于设备条件的限制往往无法这样做。

2）视译训练通过文字和图像刺激使译员获得源语信息，同声传译则通过语音刺激使译员辨识和理解源语讲话的意义和情感，因此视译训练从工作方式上看仍有别于同声传译。

3）听、看、译同时进行的视译练习，迎合了中国人学外语时先将声音符号转换成文字后再领悟其意义的习惯；同时由于文字和图像对人脑刺激后产生的激荡和停留期要比语音刺激长，所以做视译练习时译员易受源语文稿的词序和句子结构的干扰，难于迅速脱离源语词语外壳的束缚，进行法国释意学派所倡导的“解释性翻译”。

尽管如此，视译练习与同声传译仍有许多相似之处：1）视译要求译语产出与源语发布同步进行，因此译员在听完一段讲话后，无法按目的语表达习惯对源语词序先作出较大调整，然后再给出译文，他只能按源语讲话的句子顺序将先听到的和看到的先译；此外由于时间的限制，译员也无法对刚刚发布的译语进行过多的修正和补充，他必须尽量让译语的产出一次成型。

Practice
• Subways are underground systems of high speed trains, which are mostly found in large cities such as New York, London, Paris, Beijing, Sydney, and Tokyo. Subway trains move more quickly and efficiently than buses; they will deliver you to within walking distance ① of almost any place in the city. They are inexpensive and help solve city traffic problems. The one drawback ② of subway trains is that they are often crowded and noisy. Taxis are more expensive than subways, but they will deliver you to the exact location you want in the shortest time possible. Taxis are convenient if you are in a hurry or if you are taking along a number of suitcases or packages. And as an added attraction ③, many cab drivers will tell you their adventures as taxi drivers or even the details of their lifes. However, taxis are rather hard to find during rush hours.

Practice

从历史悠久的北京和建筑精美的故宫这些 缩影中，人们就能够生动地感受到中华文 明源远流长、博大精深的深厚底蕴，感受 到中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进的壮阔历 程。
Practice

Obama speech at Fudan University 2009 Video watching Sight translation
Practice
中国是一个有着五千多年悠久历史的文明 古国。长期以来，中国人民以自己的勤劳 智慧创造了灿烂的中华文明，为人类文明 进步作出了重大贡献。 北京就是一座有3000多年悠久历史的文明 古城，800多年前北京开始建都。离今晚 会场人民大会堂不远的地方，就是举世闻 名的故宫。故宫始建于600年前，是世界 上现存最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。
Simultaneous Interpreting
Sight Translation
Sight Translation

What is sight translation?
--- An oral translation of a written text.
How to ?

Excellent Reading comprehension is an important skill an interpreter must possess.
Include…

In order to accurately render sight translation, an interpreter must also possess the ability to:
Scan a document rapidly for content and style Analyze units of meaning which form each sentence Anticipate syntactic rearrangement necessary in the Target Language Render sight translation in Target Language while reading ahead and preparing to render next units of meaning Render sight translation with accuracy and fidelity to the text Employ effective speech skills, meaning the individual uses clear diction, appropriate pauses and intensity, delivers the message with fluidity, and in a well modulated voice

4 托尼大学毕业后决定自己开业。一开始许多家银行都拒绝了他的贷款要求。 但他毫不泄气，继续一个个拜访银行家寻求帮助。有一位银行家被他的决心 和乐观精神所打动，最后答应贷款给他。如今他成了一位富商。在谈到所取 得的令人惊奇的成就时，托尼强调了创造机遇而不是等待机遇的重要性。
After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business. At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan. But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help. Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money. Now he has become a wealthy businessman. Talkinnt, Tony puts great emphasis on the importance of creating, rather than waiting for opportunities.
3. 很难想象我们的先辈们没有现代技术带来的这麽多方便那日子是怎麽过的。 那个时候只有一小部分人享受一些舒适条件。大部分人连饭都吃不饱，更不 要说接受教育的特权了。然而，许多人责怪现代技术，说它带来了很多问题。 他们想减慢进步的速度。但是谁也不能阻止时代的前进。我们能做的是就技 术向哪个方向发展做出明智的决定。

视译练习单句视译1.I come to China// at an important time.我到中国来访问，正逢一个重要的时刻。

2.They built the bridge//in two months.他们建这座桥，只花了两个月。

3.Several more fundamental proposals are advanced// for consideration by theGeneral Assembly/ /for possible action in the longer term.一些基本的建议也提出来了，供大会审议，以便采取更长期的行动。

4.Twentieth century history shows// the impressive adaptive capacity ofinternational relations// based on multinational principles and norms.二十世纪的历史表明，国际关系具有惊人的调整适应能力，而这种关系的基础是多边原则与准则。

5.The United Nations must further strengthen its capacity// for launching coherentand coordinated humanitarian actions,// under the guiding principles of humanity, neutrality and impartiality.联合国必须进一步加强起能力，发起一致而又协调的人道主义的行动。

这一切的知道原则是人道、中立、公正。

（比较：联合国必须进一步加强按照人道、中立、公正的知道原则开展一致而又协调的人道主义行动的能力。

）6.All of this reflects the desire by many governments to have a range ofopportunities for pushing forward with liberalization, rather than relying solely on global multilateralism.这些情况反映出许多政府希望利用一系列机会推动自由化过程，而不是单纯依赖全球多边主义的方法。

male students score higher on 男生成绩较高的测试有 tests that measure mathematical 数学推理 reasoning mechanical ablity 机械技术 and problem solving skills. 和解决问题的技巧
视译语序
终将有一天
全世界人民
will live a happy life
Under the sun of socialism
会过上幸福的生活
沐浴着社会主义的阳光
视译语序
•
On the average, male students score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem solving skills.
On the average male students score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning mechanical ability and problem solving skills.
• • • • •
视译语序
原文语序 On the average 总的来说 视译语序
•
Eugene Rostow was director of the US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency until January 1983 when he was fired after repeated clashes with the White House over the conduct of strategic weapons talks with the Soviets in Geneva.