伍尔夫叙事艺术的女性主义特征

伍尔夫小说的写作技巧伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf）是20世纪英国最伟大的小说家之一，她以自由流派小说的创新和独立思考，改变了传统小说的写作方式。

她的文学作品以独特的视角、流畅的语言和强烈的情感而闻名。

伍尔夫小说的写作技巧使她的作品深受读者喜爱。

本文将从伍尔夫的叙事风格、意识流和异形结构等方面探讨其小说的写作技巧。

一、叙事风格伍尔夫小说的叙事风格独特，她善于塑造复杂的人物形象，把他们的思想、情感和行为融合在一起。

她的叙事方式是非线性的，不按照时间顺序展开，而是通过回顾、幻想、内心独白等手法展示人物的思维脉络。

她深入描绘人物的内心世界，以表现情感、洞悉思想以及揭示人性的本质。

比如，在《达洛维夫人》中，通过主角克拉丽莎的回忆，展现了她曾经的爱情和现在的复杂矛盾心理。

在《暴风雨》中，通过多种叙述视角，展现了主角露西的成长和亲情、友情、爱情的复杂关系。

另外，伍尔夫的叙事风格还具有极强的联想性。

她随意跳跃，像思维一样非常流畅，将片段连接在一起，创造出意味深长的小说节奏。

这种风格充满了节奏感和情感张力，使读者更贴近人物的内心，更好地理解故事的情节。

二、意识流伍尔夫的小说中充满了对人物内心的探索和展示，这种内省的写作方式就是意识流。

伍尔夫小说的意识流有两个特点，一是通过人物的无意识思想和感受，展现了人物内心的真实世界；二是以无序和随机的方式表达人物思维的碎片化和混沌状态。

这种写作方式让人们更深刻地理解人物内在的世界和情感状态。

可以说，意识流是伍尔夫小说中最具有特色的写作方式。

意识流与她的非线性叙事风格相辅相成。

它可以在故事中交织出许多不同的思考和情感线索，为读者提供更加深入的人物洞察力。

此外，意识流的另一个作用，就是让伍尔夫的小说获得了强烈的现代感。

正因为如此，伍尔夫的作品一直被视为现代小说的典范之一。

三、异形结构伍尔夫小说的异形结构以其不同寻常和美丽的特点而著称。

她的小说不拘泥于传统写作通则，而是依据人物情感的变化和思想的交叉，创造出特殊的结构形式，使故事显得瑰丽而富有韵律感。

弗吉尼亚伍尔夫的马克思主义女性主义刘静【摘要】弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫是女性主义文学理论的开山鼻祖。

她的女性主义博大精深,丰富内涵远远超过了女性主义理论本身发生、发展所涵盖的范畴。

从马克思主义女性主义的角度出发,探索并揭示弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫理论与创作中的世界观和方法论,对系统地阐释、正确地理解和科学地评价伍尔夫的女性主义文学理论与创作具有十分重要的意义和价值。

%Virginia Woolf has been recognized as the founder of feminist literary theory.Her feminism,rich and profound,is far beyond the connotation and denotation of contemporary feminism.It is of great significance and value to study Woolf's feminism from the Marxist viewpoint in order to form a systematic interpretation,exact understanding and scientific evaluation of her theoretical assumption and writing practice.【期刊名称】《北华大学学报（社会科学版）》【年(卷),期】2012(013)005【总页数】5页(P74-78)【关键词】弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫;马克思主义;女性主义;女性主义文学理论【作者】刘静【作者单位】绥化学院外国语学院,绥化152061【正文语种】中文【中图分类】I074弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫作为现代主义的创始人、意识流小说的主要代表作家，在西方文学史中具有重要地位。

随着女性主义运动的发展，伍尔夫的女性主义者的身份开始得到越来越多人的认可。

大 众 文 艺125弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫作为女性主义的代表作家，凭借自身敏锐的性别意识，努力探索女性与文学创作之间的密切关系。

本文从女性主义角度出发，通过探索意识流小说《到灯塔去》的思想内容和审美旨趣，尝试理解作者的女性写作观。

一、男女二元对立模式的颠覆传统的文学作品总是建立在父权中心文化的大背景下，两性关系呈现二元对立等级模式，女性往往被排除在中心之外，是用以证明男性价值的“他者”。

《到灯塔去》以女性视角揭示了父权制社会男女二元等级对立的现状，并提出颠覆这一模式的可能途径。

1.二元等级对立现状的揭示小说中的拉姆齐夫妇代表了当时现实社会的两种生活原则，是男女二元等级对立模式的集中体现。

拉姆齐先生性格孤僻、讲求实际、待人严肃，其代表着文明、理性和逻辑的男性原则。

与之相反，拉姆齐太太则美丽贤惠、喜欢幻想、对人宽容，体现了理想、直觉和情感的女性原则。

拉姆齐先生希望在理性王国里寻求真理和秩序，在知识领域中德高望重的他想成为天才而不得，这种折磨导致了其精神上的以自我为中心，同时不断要求妻子的抚慰和崇拜，是典型的父权制家庭文化的化身。

而拉姆齐夫人扮演着男性社会为他制定的角色，他表面脆弱而内心坚强，是家庭里的贤妻良母、社交场合的优雅主妇。

拉姆齐夫人成为了波伏娃笔下的“第二性”，她的生存要在丈夫的庇护下展开，“他（丈夫）是价值的监护者、真理的创造者和夫妻伦理的维护者。

”在小说中，男性融入社会，居于文化中心，谈论学术、社会和政治；女性则剥夺了受教育的权力，留守家庭。

在对待事物的态度上男性注重实际，女性则注重情感，如小说开端拉姆齐夫妇对天气的争论：拉姆齐夫人安慰孩子，明天将是晴天，可以前往灯塔；他的丈夫则认为这是愚蠢女人无视事实的想法。

在思维模式上，男性逻辑严密和抽象，女性则直观零乱。

小说中拉姆齐夫人的常常思考生活琐事，且思路零乱，笔者认为这是性别的二元对立造成的社会对女性的偏见。

这种二元对立的模式夸大了两性之间的差异，从而使矛盾不可避免。

灯塔之光——弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的女性主义思想弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫以自己的人生经历和创作实践为出发点，凭借着一个女作家敏锐的性别意识，努力探索女性与文学创作的关系。

她对传统女性文化与文学的困境进行了反思，指出了女性文学与社会生活的密切联系。

伍尔夫积极评价女性文学的实践及理论，发掘女性文学的传统，并开拓了女性文学的主题和形式。

她批评传统婚恋模式，推崇姐妹情谊，创造性地提出“双性同体”是文学创作的最佳状态，也是消融男女差异的良好途径的基本观点，在文坛上引起了强烈的反响和长期热烈的讨论。

尤其是她在文学批评方面的超前意识，不仅对当时的女性文学创作有着积极的指导意义，而且也预示了女性主义文学批评的发展趋势。

本文试图通过梳理弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的论文、日记、书信、小说中体现出来的女性主义思想，对其女性主义文学批评观念进行较为全面的分析，并考察她对后来西方乃至世界范围内的女性主义文论的影响。

弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫作品中的女性主义探究本篇论文目录导航：【题目】弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫作品中的女性主义探究【绪论】伍尔夫创作中的女性主义思想研究绪论【第一章】弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫女性主义思想的形成【第二章】对女性与写作的的思考【第三章】对女性形象的书写【第四章】对两性关系的表达【结论/参考文献】伍尔夫女性观的发展性和超越性研究结论与参考文献摘要弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf）着名英国女作家、文学理论家、意识流文学代表人物，被誉为二十世纪女性主义的先驱。

伍尔夫立足于时代背景和现实生活，从女性写作传统、女性写作条件、女性形象、双性同体等方面阐述了女性与写作的关系。

她强调经济独立对女性写作的重要性；主张女性建立自己的写作传统；鼓励女性大胆地拿起笔进行创作，摆脱男性作家塑造的不实的女性形象；在承认两性差异的前提下提倡双性同体的创作模式。

本文试图梳理和分析伍尔夫的女性主义观念和理论，证明其思想在女性主义发展史中的发展性和超越性。

本文主要分为五个部分，第一部分为本文的绪论，主要介绍了对于弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫女性主义思想研究的意义，以及国内外的研究述评。

第二部分介绍了弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫女性主义思想的形成背景。

首先，从小特殊的家庭教育使伍尔夫具备了一定的文学功底，父权制和家长制的倾轧让女性主义思想在她体内生根发芽。

其次，布卢姆斯伯里集团对伍尔夫的影响也是不可忽视的，在这里她养成了最敏锐的审美观，产生了对道德教养的怀疑，培养了作家的社会使命。

再次，伍尔夫所在时代的女性解放运动为她的女性主义思想的形成提供了一定的生长土壤。

第三部分介绍了弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫对女性与写作的思考。

伍尔夫认识到父权文化对女性历史的遮蔽，于是致力于重新发现女性写作的传统，她采取实证的研究方法，关注女性的现实生活，描述女性作品的独特性，书写女性文学史，进而建立女性文化。

第四部分介绍了弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫对女性形象的书写。

从女性主义视角解读《达洛维夫人》中的女性形象伍尔夫常与“意识流小说家”、“女权主义者”等标签联系在一起，抛去这些不谈，伍尔夫是一位在写作上十分有天赋，在思想上十分独立的女性。

她的代表作《达洛维夫人》，受劳伦斯的影响，在写作手法上应用了大量的人物内心独白，通过人物内心世界的描写来展开小说情节。

与传统小说创作手法不同，伍尔夫的小说并不遵循时间或者空间上的叙述顺序，而是根据人物内心的思想意识延伸，顺着人物的思绪来描摹故事。

《达洛维夫人》以主人公克拉丽莎?达洛维的早晨开始，顺着达洛维夫人的思绪飘到了她的少女时期，时而又穿梭回现在，穿插的叙事随人物的意识而定。

缥缈不定的叙事把故事描画成了一幅幅生动的“绘画”，带有独特的韵味。

这种细腻的写作手法也是身为女性的伍尔夫所特有的。

除了像其他女性作家一样手法细腻之外，伍尔夫还关注到了战争对人们心灵的伤害，英国政治的危机等等。

从宏观叙事上来说，伍尔夫并不把视野局限在家庭琐事上，而是像男性一般关注时事和政治。

既有女性的细腻，也有男性的豪放，写作手法从侧面也体现出了伍尔夫追求两性和谐的女性主义思想。

一、伍尔夫的女性主义思想如伍尔夫的其他几部小说一样，《达洛维夫人》利用特殊的写作手法，加上属于女性作家的细腻观察，伍尔夫提倡并实践的宏观叙事，表现了主人公达洛维夫人矛盾的心理和复杂的情感，其间穿插了几位富有特色的女性人物，也反映了伍尔夫独特的女性主义思想――“双性同体”，男女既有差异，又有共性。

传统的女性主义，或者说女权主义，使男女两性处于一个“二元对立”的关系。

“伍尔夫是第一个提出‘双性同体’的女性主义者，她摒弃了生物学上的涵义而发挥了心理学上的寓意。

”（蔡岚岚，2008）伍尔夫虽然也抵制父权社会对女性的迫害，但是她并不认为两性之间一定要处于对立的位置上，而是你中有我，我中有你的和谐关系。

“揭示两性对立，不是伍尔夫的终极目标；追求两性和谐，才是作者的最终理想。

”（袁素华，2007）这种观点受到了当时很多女性主义者的质疑，但是这并没有影响伍尔夫的坚持，在她的作品中，一直隐晦地体现出这种想法。

伍尔夫作品的女性主义文论及女性主义作者：杨文文来源：《语文建设·下半月》2014年第11期摘要：伍尔夫的著作主要反映了女权主义思想和同性恋倾向，尤其是她的女性主义文论，对当时以及后世的影响非常大。

本文从伍尔夫的家庭、生活背景、幼年遭遇以及当时的男权统治情况着手，分析作者作品中女性主义文学理论的源起，并指出女性主义思想对后世女权主义起到的重要影响。

关键词：伍尔夫 ;女性主义 ;文论 ;影响引言伍尔夫是文学史上影响深远的作家之一，著有小说《到灯塔去》、《达洛维夫人》、《雅各的房间》等，不仅在本国具有极高的知名度，在国外也极有知名度。

伍尔夫曾多次参与妇女解放运动，因此也发表了诸多关于妇女问题的论著及小说。

本文从伍尔夫的成长背景入手，分析伍尔夫文学作品中的女性主义特点。

一、弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的家庭与成长环境（一）家庭伍尔夫于1882年出生在英国伦敦，父亲是维多利亚时期的一个著名文学评论家、传记家，母亲是一个相当优秀和具有个人魅力的女性。

由于父母亲的优秀以及家庭条件的优渥，伍尔夫幼年在家接受了良好的教育，这对她今后的文学创作奠定了坚实基础。

此外，她的姑妈卡罗琳·爱米丽亚终生未婚，一生写了很多宣传女权主义思想的著作，显然，这对伍尔夫后期的文学创作也带来了影响。

伍尔夫13岁时母亲朱莉亚去世，给年幼的伍尔夫带来沉重的打击，导致她第一次精神崩溃。

伍尔夫22岁时父亲又离世，父亲的去世导致伍尔夫第二次精神崩溃，难以面对父母相继离世，她试图跳窗自杀，但自杀未遂。

同年12月，伍尔夫开始在《卫报》上发表作品，后出版了第一批散文，她的文学之路，便就此开启了。

（二）生活的时代背景伍尔夫不仅是英国意识流小说的代表作家，同时也是一位杰出的文学理论家、随笔作家与批评家，并且是西方女性主义思潮与女权运动的一位先驱者。

伍尔夫之所以提倡女性主义，与她所生活的时代背景也有着密不可分的关系。

伍尔夫32岁时（19世纪末20世纪初）第一次世界大战拉开了序幕，新、旧殖民主义矛盾激化、各帝国主义经济发展不平衡的背景下，为争夺霸权和重新瓜分世界，帝国主义战争便爆发了。

弗吉尼亚.伍尔芙的女性主义思想浅析一、引言弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙是近现代文学史上一位伟大的文学家，不仅是意识流小说的开创者之一，更是一位重要的女性主义小说家。

作为20世纪女性主义的先驱，她的女性意识贯穿于几乎每一部主要作品之中。

美国的玛丽·伊格尔顿认为：“从很大程度上讲，女性主义批评很难超越伍尔夫，她的思想预示着女性主义批评的多元化。

无论从马克思主义的角度，从心理分析的角度，还是从后结构主义的角度进行的当代女性主义批评均以她的思想为出发点。

”[1]本文力图从其女性主义思想来源和女性主义思想的体现两个方面来分析弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙的女性主义思想。

二、女性主义思想来源首先，弗吉尼亚的父亲莱斯利·斯蒂芬是英国维多利亚时代一位著名的评论家、学者和传记家。

父亲的渊博知识对年幼的弗吉尼亚产生了一定的影响。

而弗吉尼亚也是自幼在父亲的书房里博览群书，为日后文学创作奠定了一定的基础。

同时，维多利亚时期父权制思想根深蒂固，重男轻女。

虽然弗吉尼亚天生聪慧，但父亲仍然只是将她的哥哥送到学校，而把她留在家中。

这种不公平的待遇使她产生了对父权社会的不满和怨恨。

其次，由于家庭背景的特殊性，幼年时期，弗吉尼亚和姐姐都曾遭受同母异父的哥哥乔治和杰瑞德的性侵犯。

关于这一点，伍尔芙在信函、日志和论文集中都有写到，她说：“一想起我的同母异父哥哥，我就羞耻得禁不住颤抖起来。

在我六岁的时候，他站在我身边，用手摸我的身体的下部。

”[2] 维多利亚时期的父权制社会中，男性占主导地位，他们是家庭的支柱，可以任意支配家里的一切，包括家中的女性。

这段经历对于伍尔芙来说是屈辱，在后来她的作品《存在的瞬间》中。

她痛苦地回忆道：“我觉得自己就像一条不幸的小鱼与一只巨大而骚动的鲨鱼关在同一个水槽里。

”这样的经历更加使她产生对父权社会的厌恶，并使她成年后无法接受任何男性的性爱。

而和姐姐凡妮莎这种亲密的关系使她感觉到舒适，激发了她同性恋的倾向。

BI YE LUN WEN（20_ _届）英语伍尔夫《一间自己的房间》的女性主义解读A Feminism Reading of Virgina Woof’s ARoom of One’s Own内容摘要弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫是20世纪文坛上的一名杰出的女作家，她被尊为意识流小说的鼻祖之一，与乔伊斯、福克纳等意识流小说大师齐名。

同时，她又被尊为西方当代女性主义的“母亲”，她认为女性应该在经济上和精神上独立，并拥有自己的生活空间和精神空间。

此外，还要勇于表达自我的真实想法。

她认为女性主义的最终目的是消解两性之间的对立，以达到两者的和谐状态。

因此，她在《一间自己的房间》中提出了“双性同体”理论。

本文试图从女性主义角度解读《一间自己的屋子》，分析伍尔夫的女性主义思想，以期更好的理解文学中的女性主义。

伍尔夫的女性主义思想在21世纪的今天仍有极强的思考意义。

关键字：弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫；独立；空间；双性同体；女性主义AbstractVirginia Woolf is an outstanding woman novelist in 20th century. She has been regarded as one of the representatives of the stream of consciousness, enjoying equal popularity with Joyce and Faulkner. Meanwhile, she is regarded as the mother of modern feminism in the west. She thinks that females should be financially and spiritually independent and have their own living space and spiritual space. In addition, women also need to express themselves bravely and sincerely. She considers the final goal of feminism is to dispel the opposition between males and females and to reach a harmonious state. Therefore, she proposes the theory of androgyny in A Room of One's Own. This thesis tries to discuss A Room of One's Own from the angle of feminism, and analyze Woolf's feminism so as to seek a broader understanding of feminism literature in general. Studying Woolf still has a profound meaning in 21st century.Key words:Virginia Woolf; independence; space; androgyny; feminismContentsAbstract (ii)1 Introduction (4)2 What’s feminism (5)2.1 The etymology of the term "feminism" (6)2.2 T he definition of the term “feminism” (6)2.3 Virginia's concepts of feminism (7)3 Virginia’s feminist idea in A Room of One’s Own (7)3.1 Economic independence (8)3.2 Having a room of one's own (10)3.2.1 Living space (10)3.2.2 Spiritual space (11)3.3 Establishing female's value (11)3.4 The pursuit of androgyny (11)4 Factors leading to Virginia’s feminist view (14)4.1 Her parents’s influence (14)4.2 The Bloomsbury Group’s influence (16)4.3 Sexual Assault by her brothers (17)4.4 The Industri al Revolution and the Women’s Right Movement (17)5 Conclusion (18)Bibliography (47)Acknowledgements (18)1 IntroductionVirginia Woolf (1882-1941), is a famous woman novelist in the 20th century and she is one of the important modernist novelists. Meanwhile, she is one of the representatives of the stream of consciousness, enjoying equal popularity with Joyce and Faulkner. What's more, she is regarded as the mother of modern feminism in the west.Literary criticism of Virginia Woolf has proliferated since the1980s. Some critics appraise her works and some appraise her person; some analyze her work’s consciousness, and some analyze her feminism; some study her works from ethics, some from aesthetics, some from homosexuality, some from psychology. She is not only a great writer, but also a "forerunner, indeed the 'mother' of the contemporary Anglo-American feminism” as Zhu Gang describes. (Z hu Gang 2006: 342) As for her feminism, some criticize her feminism as an extreme type for they think her represented idea of feminism—androgyny means she intends to replace male value with female value; some criticize her deviating the feminism for they think she couldn't bear her own female identity, so she had to give up to the patriarchal society and swamped in the mud of utopian thought of androgyny; while the others praise it highly for it is an advancement in the stage of feminism's development.Xu Wei analyzes Woolf's feminism, both as a theoretical analysis of gender inequality and oppression, and as a political movement. Her paper analyzes that Woolf how to analyze the question of "women writing" in the theory and how to practice it in her writing. Woolf is concerned with the nature of womanhood. The focus on women characters in Woolf's fiction is central to much early feminist criticism, as well as non- or anti-feminist criticism. To an extent, "anger" and "androgyny" are the two terms most central to feminist debates on Woolf. Their centrality serves to further increase the importance of A Room of One's Own as the key text of Woolf's feminism and feminism's Woolf, for it is here that "anger" and "androgyny" are most fully discussed. And A Room of One's Own is seen by many critics to subdue and repress women's anger in favor of a more serene gender—transcendent or androgynous creativity. (Xu Wei, 2004: 38-39) Wu Qinghong tries to analyze, to show and to criticize Virginia's feminism in the development of western feminism. And she indeed did it, comprehensively andintensively. Her main viewpoint is that Virginia Woolf is the most important representative person in the history of feminism's development. Woolf's analysis on feminism corrected the shortage of feminism in 1890s to 1990s, which emphasized the equality between men and women on law. What's more, her feminism inspired the new feminist in 1960s and 1970s to deconstruct male's political and cultural supremacy and establish female's visual angle, which predicted the development direction of post-feminism in 1990s. (Wu Qinghong, 2005: 5) Ma Tingting draws a conclusion that Woolf's feminism is not a panacea for all women, but an occidental one with intense tendency of racialism.(Ma Tingting, 2006: i-ii) Wu Haixia probes the unique feminist thoughts of Virginia Woolf, which she thinks are quite different from most of the other feminists. It is clearly that since the appearance of feminism, the oppositions between men and women have been highlighted, and feminism is related to the marginalization of all women, with their being relegated to a secondary position. Most feminists hold their views that the social culture is a patriarchal culture. Woolf realizes that women are confronted with inequalities and exclusion in the patriarchal society. Woolf witnesses the efforts and achievements the feminists have made to get equal rights and positions with men, whereas she airs her view that the final goal of feminism is to deconstruct the binary oppositions between the two sexes. She presents her famous theory of "androgyny" in A Room of One's Own. She argues that androgyny is the best state of mind for writing, in which a writer can make perfect artistic expression. (Wu Haixia, 2007: ii)Woolf criticizes the patriarchal society in her works, and prompts us to reexamine the history of human by a female angle to create a new civilization. Her ideology and perception opens and enlightens the idea of feminism in many aspects. This paper tries to analyze Woolf's concepts of feminism through the reading of A Room of One's Own, to get a further understanding on feminism, which can also help deepen Chinese female’s comprehension of feminism.2 What’s feminismAt the very beginning of this paper, a basic question needs to be answered. That is what feminism is? In the academic circles of Europe and America, "feminism" generally refers to any activities to strive for and tick up for the right of females. It has several hundred years' history and has complex contents. Therefore, it is difficultto define it.2.1 The etymology of the term "feminism"The term "feminism" is derived directly from the Latin word fēmina,which means woman. This term and its derivatives originated in France during the late 19th century. The first person who called herself feminist was a French suffragette activist, Hubertine Auclert(1848-1914).She first used this term in her periodical called La Citoyenne in 1880.(Cai Qing, 2005: 3) However, although this term was used in her periodicals, it was not popular among women advocates who were rather moderate. Instead of "feminist", these women called their organization "feminine". It was not until the beginning of the 20th century when "feminism" became accepted by most women suffragette activists.2.2 The definition of the term “feminism”In broad sense, feminism can be defined as social movement, which takes eliminating sex discrimination and ending the oppression on women as its political goals. It also includes the revolution in ideology and culture which emerged from the process for pursuing its political goals. In this sense, feminists represent those who devote themselves in this movement sincerely, and any males and females who take part in the revolution of ideology and culture. In its narrow sense, feminism refers to a kind of methodology that regards and analyses a question in a gender perspective.Feminism now stands for a movement or philosophy that questions the unequal balance of power between men and women. Feminists fight for equality between men and women. The term "feminism" has become the name for the women's movement, the quest for social changes aimed at improving the position of women. Feminism is defined both as "the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes " and " organize activity on behalf of women's rights and interests".（Merriam-Webster, 2003: 461) Hence, the term feminism is not only about the struggle for political rights. It is a system of ideas and a social movement, directed towards opposing men's privilege of position and women's subordination. This term contains redistribution of power and recognition of sex equality.2.3 Virginia's concepts of feminismVirginia Woolf is not only a female writer, but also a pioneer of feminism. Her essential contribution to feminism is her perseverance that social and economic elements are critical to shape women's creativity and perception. According to her idea, women play a historical role to join in the creation of human civilization, especially the arts. What she emphasizes is that females should face the reality and think things that related to them instead of thinking things that concerned men. Therefore, she puts forward the idea that females should set up a literature of their own. To deal with the anger that appears in the process of writing and derives from the inequality between men and women, she proposes a concept of androgyny. An androgynous mind is the best state of mind for doing literary creation. However, it causes a heated debate among later feminists. Although it is controversial, she creates a bright future for females.Virginia's view of feminism is embodied intensively in the idea of androgyny. Androgyny has more than one meaning. It may refer to the anatomical coexistence of two sorts of sex organs in the same body; or else to the allegory of a form of spiritual perfection. In other cases, it is related to the explicit coexistence of male and female qualities in the same entity. (Wu Haixia, 2007: 23-24) To put it simply, androgyny means full balance and command of an emotional range that includes male and female elements. She thinks the final goal for feminism is to eliminate the opposition between males and females. Virginia's feminism includes economic independence, spiritual independence. Her analysis on feminism corrected the shortage of feminism in 1890s to 1990s, which emphasized the equality between men and women on law. What's more, her view of feminism inspired the new feminist in 1960s and 1970s to deconstruct male's political and cultural supremacy and establish female's visual angle, predicting the orientation of post-feminism in 1990s.3 Virginia’s feminist idea in A Room of One’s OwnA Room of One's Own is Virginia's representative work of feminism. In October, 1928, Virginia Woolf was invited to give two academic speeches by Cambridge University. One was in the Art Society of Newnham, the other was in the Gordon women college. The lecture topic was Women and fiction. The next year, she published a brochure,which was written on the basis of these two lectures. Quickly, the booklet amazed the world with a single feat at that time. Up to now, it has become the most famous work and has most readers compared to her other works. It is universally acknowledged as a declaration of western feminism.The work---A Room of One's Own can be divided into six parts. The first part describes an experience in Oxbridge University fabricated by the author, which shows an unfair treatment that females received in a patriarchal society. The second part represents a phenomenon that the author found a large amount of books about women's problems written by men in the England museum. What’s worse, one professor claimed absolutely in his marvelous work that female's intelligence, physical power and morality are all lower than males. In the third part, the writer sketches a hypothetical "Judith" Shakespeare, sister of William, who is as brilliant and promising as he, but her talent is undoubtedly buried by the patriarchal society. Woolf traced back to the females' rough process for getting in the literature arena in the forth part. Aphra Behn (1640-1689), a playwright, novelist and poet of England, who is the first English female to became a professional writer in 17th century. Then women writers began to feel proud and elated. However, most English women writers had to use males' name as pen names to relieve their social pressure during the 19th century. In the fifth part, the author points out that it is necessary to strengthen females' awareness of knowing the difference between males and females. Only in this way, she thinks, females can realize the true value of themselves. In the last part, Virginia agrees with Samuel Taylor Coleridge's androgynous idea, believing that a writer's creative soul should have both masculinity and femininity. In other words, a person is a bisexuality instead of a unisexuality. A person is androgynous. When full balance and command of an emotional range that includes male and female elements reached, these men writers or women writers can create great works.3.1 Economic independenceFemales are facing an economic problem. As is known to all, economy is the basis of living. Women lose their economic source, when the patriarchal society excludes them from the public work, which causes them sink in a poor state. In reality, what females are engaged in are human beings' personal production and all kinds of necessary house works to maintain many families’ functions. When women are doingthese, they use up their physical power, energy, and even sacrifice their lives. However, these are all done in the area of family. Their yields often cannot leave any tangible fruits. For example, the cooked food will be eaten up, the washed clothes will be dirty after wearing again, and children who have been raised up will leave home to get in their own world. Don't these household labors have any value? Is there anybody who pays them salary? Therefore, these natural, non-commercial labors are excluded from the social labor by the patriarchal society, because they are only related with personal family members and they cannot create value directly. Since the unpaid labor take up most energy of females, they lose their subject position in the society and lose the source of finance. Therefore, if females want to get rid of the disadvantaged status imposed on them by history and reality, they should strive for the economic position. Just like what Woolf says in A Room of One's Own, women should have revenue of 500 pounds every year. She considers that the main reason why there are so less women writers is that our mother is too poor. For example, if Mary's mother " had gone into business; had become a manufacturer of artificial silk or a magnate on the Stock Exchange; if she had left two or three hundred thousand pounds to Fernham, we could have been sitting at our ease tonight and the subject of our talk might have been archaeology, botany anthropology, physics, the nature of the atom, mathematics, astronomy, relatively, geography. If only Mrs. Seton and her mother and her mother before her had learnt the great art of making money and had left their money, like their fathers and their grandfathers before them, to found fellowships and lectureships and prizes and scholarships appropriated to the use of their own sex, we might...have looked forward without undue confidence to a pleasant and honorable lifetime spent in the shelter of one of the liberally endowed professions. We might have been exploring or writing; mooning about the venerable places of the earth; sitting contemplative on the steps of the Parthenon, or going at ten to an office and coming home comfortably at half-past four to write a little poetry." (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 576) They haven't learned how to make money, how to manage their own property. For thousands of years, women are handling house works and rearing children, while men are doing business for making money. While princes and aristocrats use their properties to build many schools and libraries, women are rejected out of the colleges; they are restricted in a small circle of family. They have no rights to receive education. As a result of being deprived of enjoying rights of owning their ownproperty, females' desires for making money are constrained. The thousands of years' influence of patriarchal society places women in a penniless position.Women began to walk out of the household in 20th century. Thus, many women writers sprung up. We can see that for the latest hundred years, the appearance of many women writers are concerned with the rights women have achieved, especially the acquirement of economic right, which plays an important and positive role in art creating. Woolf herself also admitted that she and her sister obtained all their father's books after their father's death, so she could start her writing career. In A Room of One's Own, the narrator also repeatedly says that but for her aunt's 500 pounds' heritage, it might have been hard for her to break away most women's fate---working hard in the household or going out for earning money to keep the pot boiling. All in all, females should be independent in the economy.3.2 Having a room of one's ownVirginia said that “a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction." (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 555) It has been discussed that females should be financially independent. Now, it turns to a room of one's own. Having a room of one's own not only indicates that females should have their basic living space, but also means that females should have a comparatively free spiritual space.3.2.1 Living spaceIn the past, women were restrained in a small room, being busy at doing trivial house works all day. It was not uncommon that their works would be suspended. What's worse, they had to hide their works quietly to avoid being scoffed. Jane Austen is a good example in A Room of One's Own." For she had no separate study to repair to, and most of the work must have been done in the general sitting-room, subjecting to all kinds of casual interruptions. She was careful that her occupation should not be suspected by servants or any persons beyond her own family. Jane Austen hid her manuscripts or covered them with a piece of blotting-paper." (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 604) Therefore, having a living space for one's own plays an essential role in females' creation.3.2.2 Spiritual spaceMany women writers were born in rich families. They had money and their own living spaces. However, they depended on their parents so much that they didn't go out for traveling to broaden their eyes. They did what their fathers asked and even married to who their fathers picked for them. When they were children, they were subjected to their fathers; when they were married, they were obedient to their husbands; when they were old, they complied with their sons. It is just like the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues as specified in the ancient Chinese feudal ethical code. Women never had their own minds and their own spiritual space, they were not spiritually independent. Woolf pays more attention to the influences of patriarchal society on women's writing.3.3 Establishing female's valueWoolf finds that women's writing hasn't had their own tradition. Therefore, she proposes that females should set up their own value. To create females' literature or other careers, they have to take two times adventures. First of all, killing the "angel in the house", to be ourselves. Here, the "angel in the house" represents the stipulations that imposed on women by social norms and ideology of traditional culture. It also refers to females' conscious compliance to this oppression. They even turned patriarchal oppression and forbidden into their self requests and self-conscious actions. Facing this, Woolf realizes that the only way is to kill it, otherwise "she will kill me, she will dig out my heart of writing". The second adventure is to express truly the physical experience of ourselves. Women's requests suffered an extreme suppression and twist in the patriarchal society. According to Woolf, the consciousness that how a man will look at a woman who expresses her own real lust disturbs a female writer's imagination and damages her creativity. Therefore, expressing one's own real idea becomes an important means to remove the patriarchal ruling.3.4 The pursuit of androgynyAndrogyny is Woolf's social and literary ideal, but its premise is getting rid of the two sexes inequality and opposition, and the discrimination on females. Many feministsare unwilling to accept this viewpoint. For example, Elaine Showalter points out that "Woolf's androgyny is a female writer's reaction to her crag-fast condition". (Zhugang, 2006: 355) It is a utopia imagination of an ideal artist. Although it is quite controversial, it is a revolt to the creative standpoint of literature which regards male value as the unique standard. It is an initial deconstruction to the binary opposition of sex. It has a great influence on the generation of subsequent feminism theory and its criticism.Androgynous mind is central to Woolf's feminism. She defines it as "a mind that is reason; that transmits emotion without impediment; that is ceaselessly creative; incandescent; undivided. In fact one goes back to Shakespeare's mind as the type of the androgynous, the man-womanly mind." (Huangzhong, 2005: 23-24) Simply speaking, androgyny means full balance and command of an emotion range that includes male and female elements. She thinks that an androgynous mind is the best state of mind for doing literary creation.Woolf proposes at the beginning that "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction." (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 555) However, she also points out that the economic problem is not the only element that impacts women's writing. A placid and healthy state of mind is also necessary. The narrator takes Lady Winchester as an example in the 4th chapter of A Room of One's Own. She was noble both by birth and by marriage; she was childless; she wrote poetry. Her mind was disturbed by alien emotions like fear and hatred, so her poems showed traces of that disturbance:How we are fallen! fallen by mistaken rules,And Education's more than Nature's fools;Debarred from all improvements of the mind,And to be dull, expected and designed;And if someone would soar above the rest,With warmer fancy, and ambition pressed,So strong the opposing faction still appears,The hopes to thrive can ne'er outweigh the fears.Yet it is clear that could she have freed her mind from hate and fear and not heaped it with bitterness and resentment, she could create pure poetry as follows:Nor will in fading skills compose,Faintly the inimitable rose. (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 599-600)Charlotte Brontěmay be another example. As we all know, she is an brilliant English novelist. However, Woolf finds that there is a certain shrillness arising out of her works. Although Woolf thinks that she is more genius than Jane Austen, her anger makes her books "deformed and twisted" (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 606). There is no doubt that a woman writer would become angry in a man-dominated society. She expresses her dissatisfaction in her famous work---Jane Eyre: “Women are supposed to be very calm generously: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties and a field for their efforts as much as their brothers do; they suffer from too rigid a restraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer..." (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 606) As a consequence," She will write in a rage where she should write calmly. She will write foolishly where she should write wisely. She will write of herself where she should write of her characters. She is at war with her lot. How could she help but die young, cramped and thwarted?" (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 606)On the other hand, Jane Austen had been constantly disturbed when writing Pride and Prejudice. Therefore, Woolf thinks that the environment should have influenced her and she would write a better one if there were no disturbances. To Woolf's surprise, when she "read a page or two to see, but I could not find any signs that her circumstances had harmed her work in the slightest." (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 605) She thinks that because Austen wrote "without hate, without bitterness, without fear, without protest, without preaching. That was how Shakespeare wrote." And "when people compare Shakespeare and Jane Austen, they may mean that the minds of both had consumed all impediments; and for that reason we do not know Jane Austen and we do not know Shakespeare, and for that reason Jane Austen pervades every word that she wrote, and so does Shakespeare. (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 605)What is the difference between these two groups of examples? We can see that in the last chapter of this essay. The narrator gets the inspiration when she sees a very ordinary sight out of the window: a girl and a young man are coming down the street, meeting at the corner and getting into a cab. Then she sketches a plan of the soul so that "in each of us two powers preside, one male, one female; and in the man's brain the man predominates over the woman, and in the woman's brain the woman predominates over the man. The normal and comfortable state of being is that when the two live in harmony together, spiritually co-operating. If one is a man,still the woman part of his brain must have effect; and a woman also must have intercourse with the man in her. (Virginia Woolf, 2005: 623-624) She thinks that perhaps what Coleridge meant when he said that a great mind is androgynous.4 Factors leading to Virgini a’s feminist viewVirginia Woolf is a productive writer and a great feminist, but first of all she is a social being, so her ideas can not be separated from the factors leading to her feminist view. As a result, it is far from enough to know about her and her work only by knowing her talents and achievements. Her parents and the Bloomsbury Group are of great influence on her writing and her feminist ideas. Besides, there are sexual assault by her brothers, the Industrial Revolution and the Women’s Right Movemen t.4.1 H er parents’ influenceVirginia Woolf was born in a literary family. Her father was the distinguished Victorian author, critic and Alpinist, Sir Leslie Stephen (1832-1904), editor of the Cornhill Magazine (1871-82), of the Dictionary of National Biography (1882-90) and of the Alpine Journal (1868-72), who counted Thomas Hardy, Henry James and George Meredith among his friends (Jane Goldman, 2008: 3). Her mother was Julia Prinsep Stephen (1846-95), who was born Julia Prinsep Jackson, in India, the daughter of John and Maria Jackson. Her maternal grandmother, and Woolf’s great-grandmother and namesake, was Adelin (1793-1845), daughter of Antoine Chevalier de L’Etang and Thérèse Blin Grincourt,who married James Pattle (1775-1845) of the Bengal Civil Service (Jane Goldman, 2008: 4). There is no denying that her parents exerted great influence on her thinking. She was born in a large and well-to-do family, with learned father and mother, intelligence and wide social connection.Her father, Leslie Stephen, a widower, had married Julia Jackson in 1878. Between them they already had four children; after they got married, they had another four children: Vanessa, Thoby, Virginia and Adrian. This family was a typical patriarchal family of Victorian time. In the family, the patriarchs were in charge of everything, owing unassailable powers, capable of enforcing everything upon women. There is evidence in the article of Virginia Woolf and Leslie Stephen: History and。

对弗吉尼亚伍尔夫到灯塔去的女性主义阐释在英国现代派文学中，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫是一位备受赞誉的女性作家。

她的作品以其独特而前卫的风格而闻名，常常探讨女性主义的议题。

其中，她的小说《到灯塔去》（To the Lighthouse）是一部为女性主义正名的代表之作。

这部小说在伍尔夫的创作生涯中占有重要地位。

伍尔夫以流动的意识流和内心独白的形式展现了多位女性角色的思想与情感。

这些角色虽然生活在二十世纪初的英格兰，受制于男权社会的束缚，但她们却以自己独特的方式对抗着这种压迫。

小说中的女性角色包括女主人公梅格和她的妈妈玛莉安。

梅格是一个渴望自由和独立的女性，她厌倦了以往男性主导的社会观念，并试图通过艺术来表达自己。

然而，她的丈夫拉姆齐却对她的抱负不屑一顾，认为女性只应该履行传统的家庭角色。

而玛莉安则成为了一位家庭主妇，但她渴望摆脱束缚，追求自己的梦想。

伍尔夫以鲜明的笔触描绘了这两位女性角色，展现了她们对社会角色的质疑和反叛，同时又展现了她们内心深处的渴望和情感。

她们通过观察世界和自我思考，寻找内在的力量，以在男权社会中找到自己的肯定。

在小说中，伍尔夫通过描写梅格的艺术创作过程和她对灯塔的执着追求，暗示了女性的创造力和自我实现的重要性。

灯塔成为了梅格内心的象征，代表着她对自由和精神归属的追求。

在她眼中，灯塔是一个女性力量的化身，象征着女性超越性别束缚的可能性。

伍尔夫通过叙述灯塔之行和女性的内心独白，以女性主义的视角阐释了女性自我意识的觉醒和社会地位的改变。

她认为，女性在自己的内心世界中拥有无尽的可能性，并应该为自己寻找真正的声音和自我认同。

正如伍尔夫的小说所展示的那样，女性主义并不意味着女性要与男性对抗或夺取优势地位，而是要为女性争取平等的权利和机会。

女性主义的目标是解放女性，使她们能够在社会的各个领域中实现自己的潜力。

伍尔夫的小说《到灯塔去》是一部富有女性主义色彩的作品，通过女性角色的描写和情感的抒发，探讨了女性在男权社会中的地位和自我认同的问题。

开封文化艺术职业学院学报Journal of Kaifeng Vocational College of Culture & Art 2020年12月20日Dec.20 2020第40卷 第12期Vo1.40 No.12doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-7853.2020.12.019伍尔夫《到灯塔去》中的女性主义叙事学解读唐 汶（陇东学院，甘肃 庆阳 745000）摘 要：作为女性主义代表作家之一，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在其意识流小说《到灯塔去》中体现出她的女性主义思想。

从女性主义叙事学的角度，以作品中“消抹”的作者型声音的内涵分析为突破口，研究伍尔夫如何使用特殊的叙事技巧构建自己的女性叙事权威，可为以后的女性主义叙事学研究提供一定的研究启示。

关键词：弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫；《到灯塔去》；叙事；女性视角中图分类号：I561 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2096-7853（2020）12-0044-02弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫是英国著名小说家、女性主义文学批评家，也是现代主义先锋小说家。

虽然她认为现代主义小说应该让女性“书写女性”，但在当时的时代背景下，女性主义作家很难得到评论家和观众的一致认可。

在主流男性叙事权威的压迫下，伍尔夫以自己独特的叙事风格成为获得主流评论界认可的女性作家。

随着现代文学的发展，经典叙事学过度重视形式主义规则的缺陷慢慢显露出来，而女性主义的发展也出现感性有余理性不足的特点，作为经典叙事学和女性主义结合的产物——女性主义叙事学应运而生。

女性主义叙事学家重点研究叙事形式中所富含的性别意义，探讨性别与意义的联系，强调叙事文本产生的社会历史环境；引用创新的研究方法，重新划分叙事声音种类，探讨女性社会声音得以产生的经济、社会和文学条件，以及作者和读者所处的时代、阶级、性取向、种族的联系，以经典叙事学为基础，将研究重点转移到文本、作者和读者与所处社会环境的关联上［1］52。

伍尔夫笔下的生态女性主义特点作者：廖雨容新芳来源：《青年文学家》2018年第30期摘要：弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫作为一名非自觉的生态女性主义者，其作品《达洛卫夫人》体现了超前的生态女性主义特点。

本文试图从生态女性主义视角来解读父权文化下女性与男性、女性与自然的关系以此来打破并重构二元对立的局面，摆脱女性和自然的边缘地位。

关键词：生态女性主义；女性、男性与自然；二元对立；重构作者简介：廖雨，上海海事大学外国语学院英美文学硕士在读；容新芳，上海海事大学外国语学院教授。

[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139（2018）-30--02《达洛卫夫人》虽然在战后的1925年出版，但是整部小说都笼罩在战争的阴影下。

伍尔夫并没有大规模地表现战争场面，但读者仍然可以从战后人们的日常生活嗅出子弹的硝烟味。

为此，她于1922年10月的日记中写道：“《达洛威夫人》已经构思成了一本书，在这本书里我要进行精神异常和自杀的研究，并同时通过健康者和精神病患者的眼睛来看待这一世界——类似这样的内容。

”[1]伍尔夫凭借敏锐的意识深刻揭露了父权中心主义与人类中心主义下女性与自然的生存境况，为推翻這一二元对立的建构奔走疾呼。

生态女性主义者认为女性与自然有着非常深刻的内在联系，并巧妙地将男女平等问题和保护生态问题结合在一起，从而改善人与自然、男性与女性的关系。

她们认为自然与女性互为隐喻，自然在男性欲求不满的征服欲下的挣扎与女性在男权社会的斗争遥相呼应，为此，女性主义者呼吁要推翻这一二元对立的体系，建立一个男女平等，人与自然和谐相处的多元价值体系。

[2]一、父权文化下不平等的男与女伍尔夫一直认为是维多利亚时代男性的征服欲望导致战争频发，这与生态女性主义者的观点颇为相似。

生态女生主义者认为女性更接近自然，而正是由于父权中心主义和人类中心主义，“女性和自然被纳入‘统治的框架’被物化、被客体化，成为男性中心主义的‘他者’。

马克思主义视角下的伍尔夫的女性解放观从弗吉尼亚?伍尔夫全部作品和论述的中心来看，她首先是一个现代主义作家。

作为现代主义的发言人，伍尔夫充分地展现了她的时代精神、宏观视域和辨证思想。

伍尔夫的现代主义与她的女性主义密不可分，女性精神、女性情感的表达正是现代主义对精神真实的追求必不可少的组成部分，没有现代的女性，即没有真正意义上的现代主义。

虽然无论如何不承认自己是一个女性主义者，伍尔夫还是被冠以女性主义者的标签。

伍尔夫对男女不平等地位的论述、对女性经济独立的呼号，以及关于男女解放、双性同体的观点等等核心理论无不充满鲜明的女性主义基调。

但是，作为女性主义者的伍尔夫，又有着与其他女性主义者截然不同的特征：首先，她不属于任何一个理论流派，伍尔夫的女性主义并不是一个独立的理论体系，而是属于她的现代主义思想的一个组成部分，体现着她对传统的不满、反叛和对未来理想的求索，将之归于任何的女性主义派别都有失公允。

其次，伍尔夫的女性主义内涵构成异常丰厚，后世的女性主义者都能在她这里找到理论源泉；再次，伍尔夫的女性主义符合历史唯物主义与辨证唯物主义原理，是有着永恒的生命力的世界观和方法论，对其进行深入的思考和挖掘，对于人类思索自身处境、建设和谐的两性关系以及当代女性主义、男性主义进一步发展具有重要意义。

一女性解放的前提――经济独立在《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》中，恩格斯论述了女性第二性地位产生的根源。

在原始社会群居和杂交的时代，生产资料公有，委托妇女照料家务，和男性获得食物一样，是一种公共的，为社会所必需的劳动，而繁衍后代和采集食物显然比狩猎要重要和稳定得多，人类的童年以母系氏族社会开始成为一种必然。

随着生产资料的丰富并转入家庭所有，私有制和一夫一妻制出现，家务劳动失去了公共性质，成为一种私人劳动，女性被排斥在社会生产之外，……母系氏族社会土崩瓦解，这是“女性的具有世界历史意义的失败”。

女性从此由主宰变成了奴仆，成为可有可无的附属品，女性的社会地位因此大幅度地降低，在历史舞台上从幕前转入到了幕后。