专业英语复习要点——土木工程专业英语-PPT文档

1.荷载短期荷载short-time load 临界荷载critical load 持续荷载sustained loads恒载dead load 活载live load 峰值荷载peak load 冲击荷载impact load 2.专业名词力矩面等横截面cross section 隔离体 a free body 轴力axial forces 带肩梁ledger beam正应力the normal stress 剪应力the shear stress 固定铰支座 a pin support 可动铰支座 a roller support 平面内弯矩in-plane bending 平面外弯矩out-of-plane bending简支梁a simple beam 悬臂梁 a cantilever beam 分布力distributed load 均布力uniformly distributed load 静定结构statically determinate structure 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 角焊缝fillet weld 对接焊缝groove weld外缘outer edges 中性轴the neutral axis 形心矩centroidal distance沙石混凝土sand-and-stone concrete 预应力混凝土pre stressed concrete复合应力combined stress 极限应变limiting tensile strain 平均正应力mean normal stress名义抗剪强度nominal shear strength 惯性力inertia force 地震作用seismic action广义位移generalized displacement 扭矩torsion 预加应力pre stress托梁corbel3.材料平面顶deck 屋面防水层water proof roofing 金属箔层压板foil-laminated钢筋steel 涂料paint 木条板lath 灰泥plaster 楔子wedge基础footing 横向钢筋transverse reinforcement 纵筋longitudinal reinforcement 弯起纵筋bent-up longitudinal steel 单向板one-way slabs 腹筋the web steel 楼梯踏步stair tread 顶棚抹灰plastered ceilings 承重墙bearing wall第 1 页/共 4 页轻质幕墙light weight curtain walls 桁架truss 构件member 谷仓grain elevator桥墩bridge pier 大型结构heavy structure 梯井stair shaft高层写字楼high-rise office 预埋构件metal insert 作业平台work plat form企口木板tongue-and-groove plank 施工架constructed yoke 走道脚手架 a walkway scaffold铅垂线the plumb line 喷雾器fog sprays 型钢structural steel 剪力墙shear wall平板flat slab 合成薄板synthetic film 防护墙板endosing wall panels人字起重机derrick crane 卫生间设施bathroom groups 服务竖井the service shaft隔气层vapor barriers 隔热层insulation 结露点dew point 空心板hollow plank竖向剪力墙shear-resistant vertical wall 预制构件pre cast member 隔板wall panel4.其他1应力等值线 a stress contour 数值分析numerical analysis 悬索基础cable structures实验研究experimental investigation 超静定次数degree of statical indeterminaly叠加法method of superposition 基本结构released structure高跨比span-depth ratio弯矩图bending moment diagram 附着deposit 弹性模量modulus of elasticity水化hydrate 硬化harden 变量variables 环境相对湿度ambient relative humidity蒸发evaporate 定向立方体单元oriented elementary cube初步结论tentative conclusion斜向拉力diagonal tension 微分长度单元 a differential length 应力迹线stress trajectory骨料咬合作用aggregate interlock 销栓作用dowel action 延性ductility扭转力偶twisting couple 力臂lever arm 分数fraction 取代in lieu of地震高发区zones of high earthquake probability 平立面in plan elevation平动translation 转动rotation 凹部depressions 凸起projection 凸口recess 在现场on the site 误差error 通用规范applicable codes滑模施工slip form operations 养护care 锚固be anchored in 挠度deflection5.其他2侧向支持sway bracing 先张法pre tensioning technique 后张法post tensioning technique安全系数safety factor 安全储备margin of safety 附属cust-in fittings防火等级fire ratings 不匀称沉降differential settlement 深基础deep foundation扩展式基础spread foundation 符合基础combined footings 条形基础strap footings垂直于at right angles to 类似于analogous to 单位力法unit-load method大小相等方向相反be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction静力平衡方程equations of static equilibrium 与……有关pertain to求合力from a summation of force 一组联立方程 a set of simultaneous equations协调方程equations of compatibility 经验方程empirical equation大一个数量级an order of magnitude longer 第二面积积分the second moment-area thorea·b dot product a*b cross product 位移互等定理reciprocal displacement theorem第 3 页/共 4 页液压控制系统hydraulic master control system 功的互等定理…………work ……与……成正比in direct proportion to 与……一致be geared to。

承重骨架 load carrying frame结构工程 structural engineering钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete稳定性 stability岩土工程 geotechnical engineering楼板、平板 slab结构性能 structural behavior测量 Survey均匀沉降 uniform settlement浇筑 pour测量是指为收集数据，以便在水平面内画出地球表面点的相应位置图的一种技术Surveying is defined an art of collecting data for mapping the relative positions of points on the surface of earth in a horizontal plane.摩天大厦的存在归功于19世纪的两大发明：钢结构和载人电梯The skyscraper owes it is existence to two developments of the 19th century:steel skeleton construction and the passenger elevator.一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对现场进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水、下水道和电力线When a project begins,the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement water,sewer,and power lines.1.excavate 开挖2.Structural engineering 结构工程3. water and sewage systems 给排水工程4. settlement 沉降5. heating and cooling systems 供暖、制冷系统6. cantilever beam 悬臂梁7. balustrade 栏杆8. decoration 装饰9. span 跨度10. pour 浇筑11. blank wall 围墙、挡墙12. budget 预算13. plan 计划、方案、规划14. partition 隔墙15. lintel 过梁16. skin 外墙17. allocate 分配18. bearing wall 承重墙19. superstructure 上部结构20. substructure 下部结构21.mechanical and electrical systems 机电系统22. slab-column system 板柱系统23. time-dependent 截止日期24. outline 外观25. Parlance 术语26. Depth 进深27. reservoir 水库28. high-rise building 高层建筑29. tube in tube 筒中筒30. spillway 泄洪道31. water-to-cement ratio 水灰比32. asphalt 沥青33. predominate 主导34. hydroelectric 水电35 . tension 应力36 . compression 压缩37. simply supported beam 简单支撑梁38. elevator 电梯39. reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土40. truss 桁架41. rigid frames 刚性框架42. maintenance 养护43. Arch bridge 拱桥44. bridge piers 桥墩45. abutment 桥台46. auxiliary 附加的47. embankment 坝48 . permeability 渗透性49. arch dam 拱坝50. shaft 轴1. 工程管理 Engineering management2. 动力厂(发电厂) power plant；power station3. 连续梁 continuous beam4. 力 force5. 混凝土 concrete6. 公路工程 highway engineering7. 支配的，统治的，占优势 dominant8. 说法，术语 parlance9. 隐蔽处，躲避处，避难所 shelter10. 抗剪强度 shearing strength11. 建筑物 building12. 建筑学 architecture13. 建筑的组成 components of a building14. 承重框架load-carrying frame/ load-bearing frame15. 直升电梯 elevator/lift16. 砖石、砌体masonry17. 桁架truss18. 粉土silt19. 不均匀沉降uneven settlement20. 均匀沉降 uniform settlement21.基础 foundation22.过梁柱 post and lintel/ post and beam23. 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete24. 荷载 load25. 剪力墙 shear wall26. 筒中筒tube in tube27. 刚梁桥rigid beam bridge28. 悬索桥suspension bridges29. 公路工程highway engineering30. 土石坝earth and rockfill dam31.混凝土坝concrete dam32.堤坝embankment1.Civil engineering, the oldest of engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage system to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。

土木工程专业英语词汇短语总结培训课件Lesson 1 Introduction to Mechanics of Materials 材料力学mechanics of materials 材料强度 strength of materials 轴向受力杆件 a_ially-loaded bars 应变 strain 应力 stress 变形 deformation 临界荷载 critical load 拉压剪 tension compression shear 等直杆件prismatic bar 轴力 a_ial force 隔离体 free body 拉力 tensile force 截面cross section 形心centroid 无量仑冈的量nondimensional quantity 可变形的 deformable 装配，集合 assembly 推论 derivation 方程equation 性能property 棱柱的prismatic 液体静力学的hydrostatic 集度，强度 intensity 合力 resultant 静力学 statics 伸长，延长 elongation 静力学平衡方程 equation of static equilibrium Lesson 2 Types of Beams and Stress Resultants in 竖向vertical direction Beams 跨度，区间span 横截的transverse 应力分布distribution of stresses 对称 symmetry 弯矩 bending moment 弯曲bending 静定statically determinate 不对称的unsymmetrical/asymmetrical 水平约束 horizontal restraint 销轴 pin Lesson 3 Principal Stresses in Beams 滚轴 roller 法向应力 normal stress 移动 translate 剪应力 shear stress 水平地 horizontally 横截面 cross section 支撑，支持 sustain 中性轴 neutral a_is 嵌住的built-in 主应力 principal stress 悬臂梁 cantilever 弯矩 M 和剪力V bending moment and shear 悬臂 overhang force均匀的，一致的 uniformly 主压应力 compressive principal stress力偶 couple 主拉应力 tensile principal stress 约束 restraint 正交曲线 orthogonal curves 柔性的 fle_ible 应力迹线 stress trajectory 法向的，正态 normal 应力等值线 stress contour 图像 diagram 局部效应 localized effects 对称车由 a_is of symmetry 应力集中 stress concentration 简支梁 simply supported beam(simple beam) 大小，数量 magnitude 集中力 concentrated force 矩形的 rectangular 分布力distributed load 相交intersect 均布荷载 uniformly distributed load 腹板 ethod for Calculating 滑模（施工）slipform 升板法 Lift-Slab Method Displacements凸出物，凸部 projection 施工方法 method of construction 单位荷载法：unit-load method 凹部 depression 连续地 in succession 简单桁架 simple trusses 挤压成型 e_trusion 底层的，下垫的 underlying 静定/静不定结构 statically 企口，沟，槽 groove 箱型出口 bo_-out determinate/indeterminate structure 厚板plank 液压千斤顶hydraulic jack 虚荷载 dummy/fictitious load 弯，起拱 camber 锚杆anchor 移动 translation 膨胀 sodel codes proposed for general 通用规范 Representative values of minimum live loads 最小活荷载代表值 Uniformly distributed loadsUniform load 均布荷载 Concentrated loads 集中荷载 Ft square 平方英尺 Uniform and concentrated loads 均布及集中荷载 Impact loading 冲撞 Live load 活荷载 Fully loaded 满载 Reduction 折减Dead load 恒荷载 Member 构件 Column loads 柱荷载 Dead agnitude of loads 荷载大小Desired fire ratings 防火等级Continuous over several spans 多跨连续 Magnitude of loadsDeflection limitations 挠度限制 Insulation 保温 Holloembers and Assemblies Double tees 双T 型板Concrete topping 校面层Precast joists 隔栅支承 Floor and roof units of reinforced 钢筋给楼板楼面 Prestressed concrete 预应力给 Quality control 质量控制Prestressed-concrete floor and roof 预应力徒楼板、楼面 Precast beams 预制梁Leger beams 带肩梁Precast columns 预制柱Single-story 单层Multi-story 多层Corbels 牛腿Intermediate beams 中间连续梁Lesson 21 Stratum Pile Caisson Strap Column Capital Perimeter Differential settlement 不均匀沉降 Bearing pressure 支承压力 Allo n.桩 n.沉箱 n.条、带 n. 柱（interior column 内柱； e_terior column 夕卜柱）n.柱顶、柱头n.周围、圆周Concentrically Eccentrically Compacted Settle ad.同心的、同轴的 ad.偏心的 ad .密实的、 n.沉降Total settlement 总沉降地基承载力夯实的 Beam-and-girder floor 肋形楼盖 Coarse-grained soils 粗颗粒土（砂土）Clay soils 粘土Selection of section 截面选择规范specification Compressible soils 压缩性土 (section modulus 截面模量；标准 criteria at foundation 板式基础、满堂基础 Brittle fracture脆断塑性分析 plastic analysis Raft foundation 浮筏基础 Lesson 23 弯矩重分布 moment redistribution Lesson 22 steps in structure design process 干扰，效应disturbance 临界设计弯矩cristical design moment Esthetics n.美学定位orientation 等截面横梁rafer of constant section Dominate vt.高耸、于之上仓库 plification n.增大、放大不规则的，不平的 uneven 叠加，重合 superposition Aerodynamic a. 空气动力学的跨度，排架间距 bay 安全储备 margin of safety Response n. 反应、响应定性的 quantitative 破坏形式 failure mode Phase n.方面、相位校正 adjustment 结构性能 structural behavior Revise vt.校正、修正恒载 dead load 塑性抗弯强度 plastic bending strength Secondary a.补充的活荷载 live load 非弹性失稳 inelastic instability Inelastic a. 地震效应 seismic disturbance 在穹曲平面内 in the plane of bending Functional requirements 功育昌要求吊车运动 crane movement 在穹曲平面外 out of the plane of bending Structure and loading 结构与荷载多层建筑 multi-story building 横向扭转屈曲 lateral-torsional buckling Cost of the structure 造价最大正力矩 ma_imum positive moment 局部压屈 local buckling Loading conditions 荷载条件第 26 课：侧移 sidesinary design 初步设计刚架 rigid frame lesson 27Alloember 框架frames 钢材性能properties of steel 规范specifications 容许应力stress design 塑性理论plastic design concepts 受拉构件 tension member 平板组合梁 plate girders 受压构件 compression members 扭转效应 effect of torsion 侧向屈曲 lateral buckling 失稳instability 残余应力residual stress 安全系数factor of safety Lesson 28 high-rise buildings 高层建筑 scarcity 不足 evolves out of 来自于 interpretation 理解解释 bulky 庞大的isolated孤立的 integral part 整体的、不可分割的部分 multilevel 多层次的 versus 对与比较 inhabitant 居住者 ecological 生态学的urbanization 城市化 migrate 迁移 density 密度 light 相互制约的有机体interaction 交互作用skyscraper 摩天大楼economically feasible 经济合理的 zoning regulations 分区规划条例 of utmost importance 极度重要 visualize 设想 dead-end 死胡同 lobby前厅走廊；游说 plazas 广场 support facilities 配套设施 utilities 公共事业 seatic programming 系统的规划 urban conte_t = urban environment metropolitan area 大都市 dehumanizing 不符合人类天性的 put aside 束之高阁 take initiative to do sth. 更主动地去做某事 Lesson 29 Sail Shell Lesson 30 Cable Structure 帆形薄壳 sail shell 非对称荷载asymmetrical load 轻质结构light-atic membrane 缆索结构cable skeleton 壳体结构 shell structure doubleheaded vectors cylindrical shell longitudinal bending moment 悬索结构 cable structure 悬链线catenary 抛物线 parabola 共面 coplanar 空间系统 spatial system 三维曲线 three-dimensional curve 互反曲面 anticlastic surface 同向曲面 synclastic surface 母线 generatri_ 桥塔 pylon 等距 in equal step geodesic-shell structure。