人教版九年级英语 Unit13 单元语法小专题

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1 / 4 单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)

语法精讲

一、情态动词的用法复习

情态动词有can (could),may (might),must,have to,shall (should),will (would),dare

(dared),need,ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。

1. 情态动词的一般用法

(1)can,could

①表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去时;而be able to则有更多的时态。

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用can。

②表示请求和允许。

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。如:

—Could I come to see you tomorrow?我明天可以来看你吗?

—Yes,you can./No,I'm afraid not.是的,可以。/不,恐怕不行。

③表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

(2)may,might

①表示请求和允许。

might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。

用“May I…?”征询对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用“Can I…?”在口语中更常见。

②用于祈使句,表示祝愿。如:

May you succeed!愿你成功!

(3)must,have to

①表示必须、必要。

在回答由must引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn't(禁止,不准),而用needn't或don't have to(不必)。如:

—Must we hand in our exercise books today?我们今天必须交练习本吗?

—Yes,you must.(No,you don't have to/you needn't.)是的,你们必须今天交。(不,你们不一定要今天交。)

②must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时,而have to 有更多的时态形式。如:

I had to work when I was your age.我像你这么大时,就必须工作了。

(4)dare,need

①dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,其过去式为dared。如:

He daren't speak English before such a crowd,dare he?他不敢在人群前说英语,是吗?

②need 作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to,should代替。如:

—Need I finish the work today?我需要今天完成这个工作吗?

—Yes,you must./No,you needn't.是的,必须今天完成。/不,不一定要今天完成。

③dare和 need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常

2 / 4 接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。如:

He doesn't dare (to) answer.他不敢回答。

He needs to finish his homework today.他今天要完成家庭作业。

(5)shall,should

①shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening?今天晚上我们做什么?

②shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:

You shall fail if you don't work hard.如果你不努力就会失败。(警告)

(6)will,would

①表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。

Will/Would you pass me the ball,please?你能把那个球递给我吗?

②表示意志、愿望和决心。如:

I will never do that again.我再不会那样做了。

③would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去的习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:

During the vacation,he would visit me every other day.假期里,他每隔一天看我一次。

(7)should,ought to

①should,ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。如:

I should help her because she is in trouble.我应该帮她,因为她陷入麻烦了。

You ought to take care of the baby.你应该照顾这个宝宝。

②表示劝告、建议和命令时should,ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。如:

You should/ought to go to class right away.你应该马上去上课。

Should I open the window?我应该打开门吗?

2.情态动词表推测

(1)can表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。如:

Can this be true?这可能是真的吗?

This can't be done by him.这不可能是他做的。

How can this be true?这怎么可能是真的?

(2)may/might表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。如:

Your mother may/might not know the truth.你妈妈可能不知道真相。

(3)must表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)。如:

You're Tom's good friend,so you must know what he likes best.你是汤姆的好朋友,你一定知道他最喜欢什么。

(4)should,ought to (客观推测),must(主观推测)。如:

He must be home by now.他现在一定回家了。(断定他已到家)

He ought to/should be home by now.他现在应该到家了。(按理应当,不太肯定)

二、used to “闯三关”

1. 用法关

used to后接动词原形,表示过去经常性或持续性的动作或状态,意为“过去常常”。如:

I used to get up very early.我过去常常很早起床。

When I was young,it used to be very cold in winter.我小的时候,冬天经常很冷。

3 / 4 2. 句式关

其否定形式为“didn't use to do sth.”或“usedn't to do sth.”;一般疑问形式为“Used .to do

sth.?”或“Did .use to do sth.?”;附加疑问句式为“use(d)n't .”或“didn't .”。

3. 辨异关

be/get used to后面接名词或动词-ing形式时,表示“习惯于做某事”,其中to为介词;be used to后面接动词原形时,表示“被用来做某事”。其中to是不定式符号。如:

I'm used to walking to school now.我现在习惯步行去学校。

The computer is used to store information.这台电脑被用来储存信息。

语法精练

Ⅰ. 用can,may,must,need,have to的适当形式填空。

1. You ________ return the book to the library on time.

2. I ________ (not) find the way to the hospital.________ you show me the way?

3. —________ I finish the work right now?

—No,you ________ (not).You ________ do it later.

4. He said he ________ (not) come tonight.

5. Her mother was ill. She ________ stay at home and look after her.

6. It's time for class. You ________ stop playing football or you ________ be late for class.

7. The cloud is lifting,so it ________ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow.

8. The desk is not dirty. You ________ clean it.

9. —What is your mother going to do this Saturday?

—I'm not sure. She ________ go to see my grandmother.

10.If the traffic light is red,you ________ cross the road. It's dangerous.

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

11. We don't need ________ (work) today.

12. He doesn't dare ________ (break) his promise.

13. Some students are used to ________ (ask) their parents for help when they meet trouble.

14. There used ________ (be) a quiet village here.

15. I think you will be used to ________ (live) in the countryside.

16. All of us know that cotton can be used ________ (make) cloth.

17. You used ________ (go) to school by bike,didn't you?

Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空词数不限。