下载文档原格式
自考“英语（二）”串讲资料语法主要考哪些项目？英语（二）最常考的语法项目包括：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一致、强调句、基本句型。
* 最常考的时态：现在完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般现在时和将来完成时。
* 最常考的非谓语动词：独立结构、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。
* 最常考的虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。
* 最常考的定语从句：where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + which引导的定语从句。
* 名词性从句：what，whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句。
* 状语从句：now that，in that，in case，as，while 引导的状语从句。
哪些词最有可能考单词拼写？严格来说，只要是考纲中包括的词都有可能出现在单词拼写大题中，但是从历年考题可以看出，某些词的命中率要高于其它词，有些词甚至反复考过，这说明考生在背单词的时候还是可以在全面覆盖的基础之上突出重点、提高效率的。
在这里我们不可能一一罗列重要的词汇，下面是我总结的英语（二）常考单词的特点：* 绝大部分是长度在5-8个字母之间的中等难度的词，如：victim，gesture 等；* 拼写和读音不完全对称的词，如：dumb，subtle等。
* 个别非常简单、但课文中不是很常见的名词，如：tube.* 从词性上来看，最常考的依次是名词、形容词、动词、和副词。
在复习这些单词时，一定要以考试大纲为准，而不能只背教材后面的生词表。
一方面，教材后面的生词表中包含了不少超刚词，完全不会考到；另一方面，对英语（二）来说，从下册教材生词表中出的单词只占三分之一，不可能涵盖所有要考的内容。
同样在复习时一定要讲究准确性，确保背一个记准一个，而不能只是记个大概，最后写出来每个都差不多但每个都有错。
复习建议针对上述预测，我们如何制定冲刺阶段的复习计划呢？下面是我推荐的三步复习法。
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（6）Unit 6 The Value of Money(金钱的价值)一提到“金钱”，我的脑海中马上会浮现出很多有关金钱的英语谚语，如：Money is not everying, but without money, everying is nothing.钱不是万能的，但是没有钱是万万不能的。
Money makes the mare to go.有钱能使鬼推磨诸如此类的等等，可见金钱对于人们的重要，该如何花钱才最明智呢？Text A Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely(教给孩子如何明智地使用零花钱)短文共6个段落，领读课文和单词！一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习1.allocate: v分配；名词：allocation如：I can never think quickly to allocate my time properly.2. formation: n 组成，形成；动词：form；若当做名词是形式的意思。
如：1). This article has analyzed the formation of crime psychology theoretically.2).Children should form good habits from the very beginning.3.opt: v选择，名词：option如：1).Opt for a walk in an air - conditioned mall on hot, humid days2).You will have to pay them; you have no option.4.constraint: n 限制，限定；动词constrain如：The boy felt constraint in her presence.5.budget: n预算；v谨慎花钱；如：It is essential to balance one's budget.6.indulge: v沉迷于...overindulge: v 过多地享用；形容词：indulgent；放纵的，纵容的；名词：indulgence如：1). He had been a strict father but was indulgent to his grandchildren.2). I never indulge children with plenty of pocket money.7.short-sighted: adj 目光短浅的，近视的；far-sighted有远见的，慎重的，远视的如：1).Only a short - sighted man will lose sight of the importance of education.2). the most far-sighted of politicians (最有远见的政治家)8.mentality:n心态，心理；同根词mental: adj精神的如： He has many years' experience of the criminal mentality.（他研究犯罪心理有多年经验）9.rationing:n定量配给；ration v限量供应如：1). We have to ration the water.2).Food rationing was abolished in that country long ago.10.unnecessarily: adv没有必要地；同根词：necessary:adj; unnecessary: adj;如：1). It’s very foolish of the commander to expose his men to unnecessary risks.2). It is necessary for us to drink enough water every day.11.differentiate: v区分（相当于distinguish）,同根词：different: adj; difference: n如：1). It’s improper to differentiate between pupils according to their family background.2).Children do not know by instinct the difference between right and wrong.12.resist: v抵挡，名词：resistance，一起学习 temptation: n 诱惑如：1). We anticipate that we will meet a certain amount of resistance to our plan.2). Most girls can’t resist the temptation of chocolates.二．课文重点短语，句子分析、讲解：1. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis.译文：父母以不同的方式给孩子零花钱。
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（6）Unit 6 The Value of Money(金钱的价值)一提到“金钱”，我的脑海中马上会浮现出很多有关金钱的英语谚语，如：Money is not everying, but without money, everying is nothing.钱不是万能的，但是没有钱是万万不能的。
Money makes the mare to go.有钱能使鬼推磨诸如此类的等等，可见金钱对于人们的重要，该如何花钱才最明智呢？Text A Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely(教给孩子如何明智地使用零花钱)短文共6个段落，领读课文和单词！一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习1.allocate: v分配；名词：allocation如：I can never think quickly to allocate my time properly.2. formation: n 组成，形成；动词：form；若当做名词是形式的意思。
如：1). This article has analyzed the formation of crime psychology theoretically.2).Children should form good habits from the very beginning.3.opt: v选择，名词：option如：1).Opt for a walk in an air - conditioned mall on hot, humid days2).You will have to pay them; you have no option.4.constraint: n 限制，限定；动词constrain如：The boy felt constraint in her presence.5.budget: n预算；v谨慎花钱；如：It is essential to balance one's budget.6.indulge: v沉迷于...overindulge: v 过多地享用；形容词：indulgent；放纵的，纵容的；名词：indulgence如：1). He had been a strict father but was indulgent to his grandchildren.2). I never indulge children with plenty of pocket money.7.short-sighted: adj 目光短浅的，近视的；far-sighted有远见的，慎重的，远视的如：1).Only a short - sighted man will lose sight of the importance of education.2). the most far-sighted of politicians (最有远见的政治家)8.mentality:n心态，心理；同根词mental: adj精神的如： He has many years' experience of the criminal mentality.（他研究犯罪心理有多年经验）9.rationing:n定量配给；ration v限量供应如：1). We have to ration the water.2).Food rationing was abolished in that country long ago.10.unnecessarily: adv没有必要地；同根词：necessary:adj; unnecessary: adj;如：1). It’s very foolish of the commander to expose his men to unnecessary risks.2). It is necessary for us to drink enough water every day.11.differentiate: v区分（相当于distinguish）,同根词：different: adj; difference: n如：1). It’s improper to differentiate between pupils according to their family background.2).Children do not know by instinct the difference between right and wrong.12.resist: v抵挡，名词：resistance，一起学习 temptation: n 诱惑如：1). We anticipate that we will meet a certain amount of resistance to our plan.2). Most girls can’t resist the temptation of chocolates.二．课文重点短语，句子分析、讲解：1. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis.译文：父母以不同的方式给孩子零花钱。
英语（二）讲义【00015】【内部资料】课程介绍一、课程性质英语（二）是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）本科阶段的公共基础课。
目录第一部分语法知识 (4)第一单元名词形容词副词介词 (4)第一章名词 (4)第二章形容词 (5)第三章副词 (8)第四章介词 (10)第二单元谓语动词 (11)第一章系动词 (12)第二章情态动词 (12)第三章时态 (13)第四章英语语态 (16)第三单元非谓语动词 (17)第一章动词不定式 (18)第二章分词 (19)第四单元从句 (21)第一章名词性从句 (21)第二章形容词从句（定语从句） (21)第三章副词从句（状语从句） (21)第五单元并列结构 (22)第二部分应对技巧 (24)第一章阅读判断 (24)第二章阅读选择 (28)第三章概括段落大意和补全句子 (33)第四章填句补文 (36)第五章填词补文 (38)第六章完形补文 (40)第七章短文写作 (41)第一部分语法知识第一单元名词形容词副词介词第一章名词一、概念名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：person，phone，China，time二、用法1.名词作主语和宾语。
●Knowledge is power.（知识就是力量。
）●I love English.（我喜欢英语。
)2.名词可以作定语修饰名词①作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等②被修饰的名词变复数时，一般情况下，作定语用的名词不需要变为复数形式。
●a diamond ring(一枚钻戒)●orange juice(橙汁)●English lessons(英语课)3.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词出现时，要么是复数名词，要么前面加限定词，如冠词（a、an或the），不可数名词永远是单数形式。
●He has a girlfriend.（他有一个女朋友。
）●He has two girlfriends.（他有两个女朋友。
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（10）Unit 10 Ode to Public Transport(公共交通的颂歌)一谈到“公共交通”你会想到什么？是的，环保，低碳。
现在有一句流行语：“今天你低碳了吗？”.选用公共交通有几个众所周知的优点：1.省钱；2.环保；3.减少对能源的依赖；4.方便，快捷Text A The Importance of Public Transportation (公共交通的重要性) 短文共12个段落，领读课文和单词！一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习1.proclaim: v宣布，宣告，表明如： She did not proclaim her intention.2.necessity: n必需品，必要性； necessary: adj必要的；反义词：unnecessary: adj如：1).Food is necessary to maintain life.2). You must understand the necessity of education.3.arrangement: n安排； arrange: v如：1). They had an arrangement that the children would spend two weeks with each parent.2). Would it be possible to arrange a meeting for Wednesday morning?4.expense: n费用；expensive: adj 昂贵的如：The rent on his apartment was his biggest monthly expense.5.annually: adv一年一次地； annual: adj如：1). It's an annual report.2). The exhibition is held annually.6.household: n一家人，家庭；adj 家喻户晓的；householder: 户主，家长如：1).She became a household name in the 1960s.2).I grew up as part of a large household.mute: n上下班路程，v 通勤；同根词：commuter: n如：1). Mike commutes to London every day.2). The number of commuters to London has dropped by 100,000.3). The average Los Angeles commute is over 60 miles a day.8.switch: v/n改变，开关如：1).Where is the light switch?2). She switched her attention to films two years ago.9.transport: n运输工具；v运输，运送；transportation: n 交通运输系统如：1). Transport has always been the key to developing trade.2). public transportation （公共交通）10.carbon: n碳；low-carbon life低碳生活；carbon dioxide二氧化碳；carbon monoxide一氧化碳11.majority: n大多数；如：The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.12.wean: v逐渐戒除恶习如:It can be extremely difficult to wean children off junk food.13.dependence: n依靠，依赖；dependent: adj依靠的；depend:v 依靠，依赖（单词的字根）；independence: n 独立； independent: adj独立的如：1). The music festival is heavily dependent on sponsorship for its success.2).All living things depend on the sun for their growth.3). The country got its independence ten years ago.14.approximately: adv大约; approximate: v 接近于；adj 大概的如：1). His description of what happened approximated to the truth。
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（9）Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges(面对生活动的挑战) 每个人都会在人生的各个不同的时候面对不同的问题和挑战，能够从容应对的，就会成为智者，强者；若被困难打败的，就一定是弱者！Text A 300 Hurdles(300米跨栏)短文共10个段落，领读课文和单词！一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习1.hurdle: n跨栏，障碍如：The weather will be the biggest hurdle so I have to be ready.2.negative: adj负面的；negation: n 对立面，否定；反义词：positive: adj短语：have the positive/negative attitude to life (对生活有积极的/消极的态度)如：1). I hope the divorce won’t have a negative effect on the children.2). You have every reason to be positive about the future.3.despair: v失去希望；n 绝望; despairing: adj绝望的如：1). I despair of him: he can’t keep a job for more than six months.2). She flashed him a despairing glance.4.individual：adj个人的；n个人；individually: adv各别地。
如：1). The mayor has been meeting with city council members individually.2). The purpose of the law is to protect the right of the individual.5.spot: n地点，场所； v发现如：1).This looks like a nice spot for a picnic.2). He failed to spot the mistake in the papers, so he failed again.6.symbolize: v象征； symbol: n如：1). For many people cars usually symbolize personal freedom.2). The lion is the symbol of courage.7.incredibly: adv极其地；incredible: adj难以置信的，惊人的；同根词还有：credible: adj 可靠的，可信的；credibility: n 可靠性如：1). There are a lot of other great things to do in this incredible city.2). I find these chairs incredibly uncomfortable.8.tough: adj艰难的，棘手的； tougher:比较级如：1). The competition is a lot tougher than what it was even a few years back.2).. It was a tough decision to make.3). The meat was tough (咬不动的)and flavorless.4). He has a tough （坚韧的）character.9.arise: v(arose, arisen)产生，出现；形似单词：rise(rose, risen): v上升，上涨，起来如：1). Accidents often arise from carelessness.2). He watched the smoke rise from his cigarette.10.lost: adj 不知所措的；迷路的；如：1).I took a wrong turn and we got lost in the mountains.2).I feel lost and lonely in a strange town alone.11.leap: v跳跃如：Look before you leap. (三思而后行)同义词辨析：jump, leapjump 是个通用词，不管是从高处跳到低处，或从一点跳到另一点，都可使用意思是：“跳”，“跃”。
00015英语二课文精讲讲义(Unit2)Unit 2 Mistakes to success(通向成功时犯的错误)我更喜欢：Failure is the mother of success. (失败乃成功之母)No one is perfect. (人无完人)Persistence is the key to success. (持之以恒是成功的关键)God rewards those who work hard. (天道酬勤)本单元的A，B两篇都是记叙文，说明了Mistakes to success。
Text A: Spilt Milk (被打翻的牛奶)共8个自然段，领读课文和单词。
一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习1.respond: v 反应，响应，同根词：response: n固定表达：respond to sth; make a response to sth.如：1). His comments sparked (激起，引起) an angry response from dissatisfied customers.2). They make a quick response to my inquiry(询问).3). You should deliberate over the question before you respond to it.回答问题之前你应该慎重考虑。
2.interview: n/v 采访，面试；同根词：interviewer: 面试者；会见者；采访者; interviewee:被接见者；被访问者.由此拓展：词缀er, ee分别表示的动作的主动与被动的关系，常见的成对的名词还有：employer(雇主), employee(雇员); examiner (考官), examinee (考生); trainer(教练), trainee (受训的人)3.occur: v 发生，同义词：happen, 注意：它们没有被动语态！过去式和过去分词：occurred. 同根词：occurrence: n如：1). If any of these symptoms occurs while you are taking the medicine, you should go to the hospital.2). The occurrence of storms delayed our trip.4.remove: v 移开，拿走，同义词：take away, 名词：removal5.grip: n/v 紧握，紧抓如：1). Keep a tight grip on the rope.2). She gripped the rope.6.veritable: adj 名符其实的，十足的如：1）It is a veritable heaven on earth.2）It was a veritable feast.7.yell: v叫喊，叫喊着说 n.叫喊，大声叫；（拉拉队员的）呼喊声Yell out: 喊出；yell at sb: 对某人喊叫如：1). Are you coming or not?' they yelled out after him.2). How can you yell at an old man like that?8.mess: n 肮脏，杂乱如：The room was in a mess .9.rarely: adv （= seldom）很少，不常，同根词：rare: adj如：1). The museum is full of rare and precious treasures.2). She is rarely seen in public nowadays.10.eventually: adv（= finally, at last）最终，终于eventually和finally在具体运用时有些区别：表示某事几经延迟或波折后最终发生，可以用eventually。
00015英语二（自考）00015英语二重点语法（结合考题讲解）综合英语（二）常考的语法为：名词单数变复数，定语从句，虚拟语气，反意疑问句，非谓语动词，时态，名词性从句，形容词副词的比较级，主谓一致，倒装等等。
下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细的有重点的讲解。
名词1. 大多数集体名词可作单数，也可作复数，如：army ，audience ，class ，committee ，crew ( 全体船员，乘务员) ，crowd ，faculty ，family ，government ，group ，orchestra ，team ，union 等。
强调整体时谓语动词用单数，强调个体时谓语动词用复数。
如：The government is paying close attention to economic development.The government are having a heated discussion on this matter.2.有些名词形式为复数，却用作单数，如:electronics( 电子学) ，mathematics( 数学) ，optics( 光学) ，politics ，statistics( 统计学), economics （经济学）, physics 等。
例如:Linguistics is a difficult subject to study.3. 名词作定语时，除了man和woman要和中心词一起变成复数之外，其它修饰词不能变成复数。
例如a woman teacher ---- two women teachersa man doctor ---- two men doctorsa girl student ---- five girl studentsa boy student ----six boy students4. 复合名词的复数只把其中所包含的主体名词变成复数。
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（Unit4）Unit 4 The Joy of Work (工作的快乐)Text A Work is Blessing(工作是福)共7个自然段，领读课文和单词。
一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习1.blessing: n好事；动词：bless: v 祝福，保佑如：1). The rain will be a blessing for the farmers.2). May God bless you with a long life!plain: v 抱怨，埋怨；名词：complaint如：1). I’m going to complain to the manager about this.2). The most common complaint is about poor service.mitted: adj 尽心尽力的，坚定的；动词：commit犯罪，做错事；承诺，使…承担义务如：1). I have never committed any crime.2). I would like to commit myself to teaching all my life.3). She is a committed policewoman.4.remind: v提醒; reminder: n 提醒物如：Will you please remind me of his name?5.victim: n 受害者，牺牲品如：He said the female victim was his girlfriend。
6.terrorism: n 恐怖主义；terrorist: 恐怖分子7.depression: n 萧条，不景气，萎靡不振，沮丧。
如：1). She suffered from severe depression after losing her job.2). He never forgot the hardships he witnessed during the Great Depression （经济大萧条时期）of the 1930s.8.illegal: adj不合法的，反义词：legal合法的；legalize: v 使。
合法化如：1). It is illegal to buy cigarettes in Britain if you are under 16.2). What I did was perfectly legal.3). Divorce was legalized in 1981。
9.dealer: n 毒贩子；deal:n 买卖；dealership: n 代理权，经销权如：1). The campaign to drive the drug dealers away will continue.2). a car dealership （汽车特许经销商）10.contribute: v 增进，贡献；contribution: n如：1). Your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.2). He was awarded a prize for his contribution to world peace.11.quit: v 放弃，同义词：give up, stop,如：1). If I don't get a pay rise I'll quit.2). He was trying to quit smoking at the time.二．课文重点短语，句子分析、讲解：（按照自然段）1. I grew up in Lakeland, Louisiana, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents’ subsistence farm. We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, chickens and had a large garden, but it didn’t bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning, and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.译文：我在路易斯安那州的莱克兰长大，是家里12个孩子之一。
我们所有人都依赖父母勉强维持生活的农场过活。
我们种棉花、甘蔗、玉米，养猪、养鸡，还有一个大花园，但农场没办法让我们有多少收入，所以我在12 岁时在马路前面不远的一个奶牛场里找了一份兼职工作——帮忙挤牛奶。
我们要在早晨5 点钟为65 头奶牛挤奶，下午2 点钟还要挤一次，一周七天不休息。
语言点：dairy是奶制品的意思，要区别于：diary:日记；a part time job兼职工作；而full timejob则是全职工作；固定搭配： live on：依靠。
而生活； bring in much cash：赚取足够多的钱。
2. In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, "You know, boy, to work is a blessing." I looked at those two men who’d worked harder than I've ever had –my father eking out a living on that farm, and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression.译文：在一个周六的黎明之前，我记得我在厨房里跟父亲和爷爷抱怨自己一大早还要去给那些奶牛挤奶，父亲说：“儿子，你要知道，能工作是种福气啊。
”我看着这两个男人，知道他们比我有生以来工作得要更努力——父亲靠那个农场为全家糊口，而爷爷在大萧条期间既开农场又当木匠。
语言点：daylight天亮固定搭配：1).remember doing: 记得做过某事；如： I remember bringing my notebook. (but it isn’t in my bag)2).complain to sb about sth: 对某人抱怨某事；如： He always complains to us about his too much work.3).have to do sth: 不得不；4). eke out a living on sth:依靠。
而勉强度日；3. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in. Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland, Louisiana. My father told me :"If I’d picked something to study that I liked doing, I’d always look forward to my work." But he also added, “Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all."译文：我有种感觉——别人跟我说了一些确实重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解。
对路易斯安那莱克兰的孩子来说，上大学是种珍贵的待遇。
父亲跟我说：“如果我学了自己喜欢从事的内容，我便会一直期待找到适合自己的工作。
”但他补充道：“就算从事了自己不喜欢的工作，那也比什么工作都没有要好。
”语言点: took花费；固定搭配：1).sank in（原型：sink in）被完全理解；如： It took a moment for the joke to sink in before he laughed at it. (他过一会儿才懂得那个笑话的意思,于是大笑起来.)2).look forward to sth/doing sth: 期盼，盼望；如：We are looking forward to your e-mail.He is looking forward to getting his father’s money.3).not...at all:一点也不；根本就不4. I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC（Reserve Officers’ Training Corps, ROTC）program to help pay for college. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days. In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with her baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they weren’t using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant she’d earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. And a s bad as that woman’s job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. It reminded me of my father’s words: to work is a blessing.译文：我当时想做一名农夫，但为了减少学费负担，我参加了预备军官训练项目，随后的“义务”从军便成为了我的生活方式——我在部队一共待了 37 年三个月零三天。
