自考汉语言本科：00015英语二讲义Unit 8 The Great Minds0802

Unit 8 The Great MindsThe Great Minds名人名言部分补充make A of BA famous quoteA pessimist makes difficulties of his opportunities; an optimist makes opportunities of his difficulties. ----Harry S. Truman悲观者让机会沦为困难；乐观者把困难铸成机会。

----杜鲁门make A of Bmake a success of one's careermake a musician of the little boyThe father exposed his son to music when he was still a little child becaused he wanted to make a musician of him.expose sb. / oneself to sth.Don't expose yourself to the strong sunlight, or you will get sunburnt.联想：sunburnt / suntannedgain exposure to sth.make a footballer of Tommake a mess of the accountI. New words and expressionsNew words1. wrap v. 用…缠绕（或围紧）2. scenario n. 设想；方案；预测3. explanation n. 解释；说明explainexplanatory4. uneventful adj. 平淡无奇的；平凡的；缺乏刺激的5. pregnancy n. 怀孕；妊娠；孕期6. imperfect adj. 有缺陷的；不完全的；不完美的perfectperfection联想：impossible, impolite, imbalanced, immobile, immature （注意：unbiased, unmoving）7. abnormal adj. 不正常的；反常的；变态的；畸形的normal联想：typical-atypicalsymmetry-asymmetrysymmetrical-asymmetrical8. massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的9. disability n.（某种）缺陷，障碍ableabilityunable10. limbless adj. 无四肢的11. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞（用法参考Unit 5, Text A）inspiration （形近词参考Unit 4，Text A）inspiring12. adapt v. 适应（新情况）adapt oneself to sth.13. accomplish v. 完成14. limb n. 肢；臂；腿15. campaign 运动（为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动）16. fulfill v. 实现；履行fulfill one's dream / word / requirementfulfilling使人满足的，令人愉快的fulfillment 履行；满足；成就17. motivational adj. 鼓舞的18. circumstance n. 命运；客观环境19. wholeheartedly adv. 全心全意地20. effective adj. 产生预期结果的；有效的比较：efficientineffective, inefficient21. altitude n. 海拔；海拔高度altitude sickness区分：attitude22. engagement n. 约定；约会；预约23. congregation n. （教堂的）会众24. audience n. 观众；听众25. vision n. 想象力；眼力；远见卓识26. outreach n. 外展服务27. perspective n. 态度；观点；思考方法28. cease v. （使）停止，终止，结束29. obstacle n. 障碍；阻碍；绊脚石30. illustrate v. （用示例、图画等）说明，解释31. profound adj. 巨大的；深切的；深远的32. persistence n. 坚持；锲而不舍persist (in)persistent33. paralyze v. 使瘫痪；使麻痹34. oftentimes adv. 常常35. trick n. 戏法；把戏tricky36. blend n. （不同事物的）和谐结合，融合37. perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神（偶见perseverence，但很少使用）persevereperseverant （偶见perseverent，但很少使用）38. define v. 阐明；明确；界定definitiondefinite 明确的，确定的39. incredible adj. 不能相信的；难以置信的unbelievable40. captivate v. 迷住；使着迷Phrases and Expressions1. a walk of life行业；职业；地位；阶层line of work2. major in主修3. stress the importance of 强调…的重要性4. at one's disposal 任某人处理；供某人任意使用5. poke fun at 拿…开心；奚落；嘲笑6. show off 炫耀；卖弄II. Text LearningLife Without Limits① Imagine being born without arms. No arms to wrap around someone, no hands to experience touch, or to hold another hand with. Or what about being born without legs? Having no ability to dance, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those scenarios（设想） together: no arms and no legs. What would you do? How would that effect your everyday life?② Born in 1982 in Melbourne, Australia, without any medical explanation or warning, Nicholas Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. (1)Having had an uneventful pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they saw their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would consider imperfect andabnormal. How would their son live a normal happy life? What could he ever do or become when living with what the world would see as such a massive disability（严重残疾）? (2)Little did they or anyone know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be someone who would inspire and motivate people from all walks of life, touching lives all over the world.本部分重点及难点：1. Having had an uneventful（平凡的）pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they saw their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would consider imperfect and abnormal.(1) 悬垂分词。

自考汉语言本科：00015英语二...II. Text LearningThe Language of Confidence1 The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us agreat degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to usethe language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve ourquality of life.2 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconsciousmind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the differencebetween what really happens and what you imagine. (1)It is eager to please andwilling to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do thisknowingly or not is entirely up to you."Try"3 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says,"I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be putting their wholeheart into it, and may not even do it at all. (2)How often do you use the wordtry when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to bemore confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?4 Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourselfin two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to …" and notice how you feel.Next say, "I will do …" and see how you feel.5 (3)The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It givesyou a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to thepeople around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not.Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.（承上句）本部分重点及难点：显示重难点解析1. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commandsthat you give it- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。

2013年自考“英语（二）”备考资料（新版教材unit 8）Unit 8 T he G r eat Mi n dsT he G r eat Mi nds名人名言部分补充m ak e A of BA f am ous quoteA pes s im is t m ak es diff ic ulties of h is opp or t unit ies; an o ptim is t m ak es oppor t un iti es of his d i ff ic ulties. ----H ar r y S. T r um an悲观者让机会沦为困难；乐观者把困难铸成机会。

----杜鲁门m ak e A of Bm ak e a s uc c es s of one's c ar eerm ak e a m us ic ian of th e l ittl e b o yT he f ather ex pos ed hi s s on to m us ic wh en he was s t il l a lit tle c h ildbec aus ed he want ed t o m ak e a m us ic ian of him.ex pos e s b. / on es elf t o s th.Don't ex p os e your s e lf to th e s tr ong s unl ig h t, or yo u wil l g et s u nb ur nt.联想：s un bur nt / s unt anne dgai n ex pos ur e to s t h.m ak e a f ootball er of T omm ak e a m es s of the a c c ountI. Ne w w or ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. wr ap v. 用…缠绕（或围紧）2. s c enar i o n. 设想；方案；预测3. ex p lan ati on n. 解释；说明ex pl ainex pl anat or y4. un ev entf ul adj. 平淡无奇的；平凡的；缺乏刺激的5. pr eg na nc y n. 怀孕；妊娠；孕期6. im per f ec t adj. 有缺陷的；不完全的；不完美的per f ec tper f ec tion联想：im pos s ible, i m polite, im bala nc ed,im m obile, im m atur e （注意：unb ias ed, unm ovi ng）7. ab nor m al adj. 不正常的；反常的；变态的；畸形的nor m al联想：t yp ic a l-at ypic als ym m etr y-as ym m etrys ym m etr ic al-as ym m etr ic al8. m as s ive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的9. d is abi li t y n.（某种）缺陷，障碍ab leab il it yuna bl e10. lim bles s adj. 无四肢的11. ins pir e v.激励；鼓舞（用法参考Uni t 5, T ex t A）ins p ir at ion （形近词参考U nit 4，T ex t A）ins p ir in g12. a dap t v. 适应（新情况）ada pt o nes e lf to s th.13. ac c om plis h v. 完成14. lim b n. 肢；臂；腿15. c am paign运动（为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动）16. f ulf il l v. 实现；履行f ulf ill one's dr e am / wor d / r e qu ir em entf ulf ill ing使人满足的，令人愉快的f ulf illm ent 履行；满足；成就17. m otiva tio na l a dj. 鼓舞的18. c ir c um s tanc e n. 命运；客观环境19. whol ehe ar ted l y a dv. 全心全意地20. ef f ec tive adj. 产生预期结果的；有效的比较：ef f ic ientin ef f ec tive, i nef f ic ient21. a lt i tud e n.海拔；海拔高度alt itu de s ic k nes s区分：att itud e22. e nga gem ent n. 约定；约会；预约23. c on gr eg ati on n. （教堂的）会众24. a ud ienc e n. 观众；听众25. vis i on n. 想象力；眼力；远见卓识26. o utr eac h n. 外展服务27. p er s pec ti ve n. 态度；观点；思考方法28. c eas e v.（使）停止，终止，结束29. o bs tac le n. 障碍；阻碍；绊脚石30. il lus tr ate v. （用示例、图画等）说明，解释31. pr of ou nd adj. 巨大的；深切的；深远的32. p er s is tenc e n. 坚持；锲而不舍per s is t (i n)per s is te nt33. p ar al yze v. 使瘫痪；使麻痹34. of ten tim es adv. 常常35. tr ic k n. 戏法；把戏tr ic k y36. b le nd n. （不同事物的）和谐结合，融合37. p er s ev er anc e n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神（偶见pe r s e ver enc e，但很少使用）per s ev er eper s ev er ant（偶见per s ever ent，但很少使用）38. d ef ine v. 阐明；明确；界定def in iti ondef in ite 明确的，确定的39. inc r ed ibl e a dj. 不能相信的；难以置信的unb el ie vab le40. c ap ti vat e v. 迷住；使着迷Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. a w alk of lif e 行业；职业；地位；阶层li ne of wor k2. m aj or in 主修3. s tr es s the im por tanc e of强调…的重要性4. at one's d is pos a l 任某人处理；供某人任意使用5. pok e f un at 拿…开心；奚落；嘲笑6. s ho w of f炫耀；卖弄II. T ex t Lear n ingLif e W ithout Lim its① Im agine b ei ng bor n w ith out ar m s. N o ar m s to wr a p ar o und s o m eone, no h ands t o ex per ien c e touc h, or to hol d a noth er ha nd with. O r what abou t be in g bor n wi th out legs? Ha vin g n o a bil it y to da nc e, wa lk, r un, or eve n s tan d o n t wo f eet. N o w pu t bo th of th os e s c e nar i os（设想）toget her: n o ar m s and no le gs. W hat wou l d yo u d o? H o w wou ld thatef f ec t your ev er yd a y l if e?② Bor n i n 1982 in Me lbo ur ne, Aus tr a li a, wi thout an y m edic alex pla nat ion or war n in g, N ic h ol as Vuj ic ic c am e into the wor l d wi t hneit her ar m s nor legs. (1)H av in g ha d a n u n eve ntf ul pr egn anc y a nd n o f am il y h is tor y to ex p e c t this c on dit ion, im agin e th e s hoc k his pa r entsf elt whe n th e y s a w th eir f ir s t bor n, br and n e w ba b y bo y, onl y t o f ind he was what the wor l d woul d c ons i der im per f ec t and abn or m al. Ho w w ou ld their s o n l i ve a nor m al ha pp y l if e? W hat c ould he ev er do or bec om e when li v ing w ith wh at the wor ld wou ld s e e as s uc h a m as s ive di s abil it y （严重残疾）? (2)Lit tle did the y or an yo ne k no w t hat t his b eau tif u llim bles s bab y woul d one da y be s om eone who woul d i ns pir e an dm otivate p eo ple f r om all wa lk s of lif e, touc hin g l iv es al l o v er the wor ld.本部分重点及难点：1. H a vi ng had an une ven tf ul（平凡的）pr eg nanc y an d no f am il y h is tor y to ex pec t this c o ndi ti on, im agine t he s hoc k his p ar ents f elt w he n the ys aw the ir f ir s t bor n, b r and n e w b ab y b o y, o nl y to f in d h e was wh at th e wor ld w ou ld c o ns ider im per f ec t and abnor m al.(1)悬垂分词。

《英语二》（课程代码：00015）课程考试大纲目录I 课程性质与设置目的II课程内容与考核目标第一章TWO WORDS TO AVOID, TWO TO REMEMBER第二章THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF第三章WALLS AND BARRIERS第四章THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART I【第五章THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART II第六章DULL WORK第七章BEAUTY第八章APPETITE第九章A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS第十章STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY第十一章ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVION 第十二章GRANT AND LEE：A STUDY IN CONTRASTS第十三章EUPHEMISM第十四章THAT ASTOUNDING CREATOR--NATURE第十五章TEACHING AS MOUNTAINEERINGIII 有关说明与实施要求附录题型举例（I 课程性质与设置目的本课程是高等教育自学考试英语教育（独立本科段）考试计划中的核心课程之一。

设置本课程的目的可以归纳为如下几方面：1．引导学生注意吸收语言材料、扩大文化知识，特别是有关英美的文化知识。

2．通过对文章的思想内容、篇章结构、语言技巧的分析，提高学生对文章的理解、分析及评述的能力。

3．~4．继续打好语言基本功，培养熟练技巧，努力发展学生综合应用英语的能力。

4．本课程重点章节为第2章，第3章，第4章，第5章，第6章，第7章，第8章，第9章，第11章，第12章，第13章，次重点为第10章，第15章，一般章节第1章，第14章。

II 课程内容与考核目标（考核知识、考核要求）第一章TWO WORDS TO AVOID, TWO TO REMEMBER；一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.the background of the story;2.the background of the author;/doc/8515346207.html,anization and development of the text (narrative);4.detailed study of the text;5.Description in Narration二．课程内容：TWO WORDS TO AVOID, TWO TO REMEMBER ;三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of this unit;2. Organization and development of the text (narrative);3. Description in Narration四．考核要求识记： Words and phrases of this unit1. the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person: the quick and spontaneous understanding that makes you a changed person2. fallen through: failed%3. checkered tablecloth: tablecloth marked by light and dark patches4. chewing the bitter cud of hindsight: thinking repeatedly about the painful realization of what had happened5. he still carried a full case load: he still carried a briefcase fully loaded with documents6. They are not identified, of course: Their names are not given7. we might begin to get somewhere: succeed8. There's a perverse streak in all of us: obstinately unreasonable quality9. I shook my head ruefully: regretfully10. substitute a phrase that supplies lift instead of creating drag: use a phrase that provides a feeling of encouragement instead of causing nuisance—11. with an audible click: clearly/without any doubt12. I spotted a cruising cab and ran toward it: taxi moving leisurely about, looking for passengers13. Then I wait for that almost perceptible mental click: the clear signal suggested by the Old man that can almost be felt in the mind领会：1. The Organization and development of the text (narrative);2. Description in Narration简单应用:Sentence structure and rewriting>综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第二章THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1. Some allusions and historical events mentioned in the text(some see notesto the text)—Punic Wars and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Hamlet, Faustian encounters, Jean Kerr, etc.》2. Organization and development of the text;3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal; (the use of formal style, formal wordsand phrases exaggeration to convey a gay and delightful tone);5. Level of Usage二．课程内容：THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2. Organization and development of the text;{3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal四．考核要求识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. exhorted: urged strongly2. the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother: found time for3. a habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours: men of importance like Dr. Johnson waiting4. That.…attests to the fact that: proves(5. one of the great Roman generals was dubbed "Cunctator": named humorously6. for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break: until an effective defense deserving a celebration with champagne was ensured7. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict to Pharaoh: claimed that he had a speech defect, and that he had reasons for8. at an ungodly 6:30 .: unreasonable9. to file for an extension of the income tax deadline: apply officiallythe apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver: warning, suggests unavoidable destructionpostpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop: as if they will see devilsfor all the trouble procrastination may incur: in spite of~art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military, diplomacy and the law: found almost only in the field of ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in hand: go over in mind repeatedly and slowly, he had no nattering Telex to order machine guns and fresh troops: fortunately, noisythere is no will, there is a way: there is no will to delay, thereis a way todo so.the higher echelons of business: in the case of higher levels data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction: encourages, doing nothingpoint is will taken: accepted, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymaker in blanks of legalism, compromise and reappraisal: Excessive silly rules, which developed very quickly as a result of the expanding administrative structure and the greater complexityof society, were made to restrict policymakers, who have to be engaged in endless paperwork, mediation and reconsideration^languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off: filledare all sorts of rationalizations: reasonskind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial: way outside one's conscious awarenessis something of a truism: an undoubted truththat matter: as further concerns the thing mentioned…is the creation of an entree: a small carefully prepared meat dishdesign can mellow and marinate: ripen and matureLord Chesterfield: with all due respect to|领会：1. Some allusions and historical events mentioned in thetext(some see notesto the text)—Punic Wars and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Hamlet, Faustian encounters, Jean Kerr, etc.2. Organization and development of the text;3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal; (the use of formal style, formal wordsand phrases exaggeration to convey a gay and delightful tone);简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading}综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第三章WALLS AND BARRIERS一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The Chief Personalities of Man2.…3.Einstein’s Chief Personalities: Modesty, Simplicity, etc.4.Description Developed by Examples二．课程内容：WALLS AND BARRIERS三．考核知识点：1. Inductive analysis to help make his proposition logically sound.2. Comparison and contrasts3. Changes that have occurred in people’s notion of money, in the function ofthe bank, and accordingly, in its architectural features —change in the form or design of architecture is the result of a change in people’s attitude.4. Organization and development of the text:《& 2: beginning with quoting his fatherPara 3 & 4: a view of money in the past and now, architectural designs of banksPara 4: function of bankPara 6: classical and new criticism of architecturePara 7 & 9: attitude toward possible hositility from without in primitive and modern worldPara 8 &10: attitude toward privacy四．考核要求识记：/Words and phrases of this unit1. to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving: discouraging2. a tangible commodity: material3. that could be hefted: lifted for making out the weight4. to attract the custom of a sensible man: business patronage5. If a building's design made it appear impregnable: firm enough6. the institution was necessarily sound: in good condition7. the meaning of the heavy wall…dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory: was based on , on}8. the most valuable elements are dash and a creative flairfor the invention of large numbers: vigor and a creative ability9. the door to the vault, far from being secluded and guarded, is set out: not at allolder bank asserted its invulnerability: showed forcefully its freedom from harmis hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion begins: expression of human attitudesare not simply walls but physical symbols of the barriers in men's minds: fears could feel themselves to be in a delimited space: space with fixed limitsundeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls: made impossible fear of dissolution being the ultimate fear: death/has become questionable: not certainwere dirty, prying, vile, and dangerous: nosy, evilrooms faced not out, but in, toward a patio: inner roofless yardin the intimate activities of a personal as against a public life: rather than rich intricacies of the decorative arts of the period: complex details 21….are as illustrative of this attitude as the walls themselves: illustrate as muchthe conventions of law and social practice: agreementsthe same goes for our homes: is true formay accomplish this function: perform well、who still have qualms about eating…under conditions of high visibility:unpleasant feelingsthat will at least give them a sense of adequate screening:privacy due to separationtoilette taboo being still unbroken: forbidden practicerepeat, it is our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine: In a word, it is our attitudes toward "open plan" and the unobstructed view are consistent with his faith in the eventual solution of all problems: view free from obstruction squarely express 领会：1. Comparison and contrasts2. Changes that have occurred in people’s notion of money, in the function ofthe bank, and accordingly, in its architectural features —change in the form or design of architecture is the result of a change in people’s attitude.:3. Organization and development of the text.简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第四章THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART I~一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1. General introduction of the story — about how justice is administered bya semi-barbaric king.2. Writing skills and style of the text;3. Literary genre: the short story二．课程内容：THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART I三．考核知识点：1.（2.Words and phrases of this unit;3.The organization of the text3. Writing skills and style of the text;4. Literary genre: the short story四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant Latin neighbors: civilized2. whose ideas were still large, florid, and untrammeled, as became the half of him which was barbaric: sweeping, wild, and unrestrained, and so（3. He was a man of exuberant fancy: wild and excessive4. he turned his varied fancies into facts: fancies of different kinds5. He was greatly given to self-communing: in the habit of discussing matters with himself6. his nature was bland and genial: gentle and cheerful7. some of his orbs got out of their orbits: subjects did something wrong8. to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places: to execute justice9. his barbarism had become semified: reduced to half of what it used to beminds of his subjects were refined and cultured: improved and cultivated\the exuberant and barbaric fancy asserted itself: showed itspowervast amphitheater…was an agent of poetic justice: perfectowed more allegiance to no tradition than pleased his fancy: stuck to no tradition except that whichfiercest and most cruel that could be procured: obtained with effortiron bells were clanged: sadslowly their homeward way: moved over a distance17….should have merited so dire a fate: dese rved so terrible most suitable to his years and station: social rank"interfere with his great scheme of: to stop20. retribution and reward:, deserved punishmentmaidens blowing joyous airs: tuneswedding was promptly and cheerily solemnized: performed in a manner of formal religious ceremonyinnocent man, preceded by children: headedflowers on his path, led his bride to his home: scatteringdecisions …were positively determinate: clearwitness a hilarious wedding: wedding causing wild laughter )element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained: and this interest could not have been attained in other waysthinking part of the community: those who did not follow the practice blindly in领会：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2.The organization of the text3. Writing skills and style of the text;4. Literary genre: the short story简单应用:）1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第五章THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART II一．学习目的与要求[To grasp:1.Brief review of the background — Part I in Unit four, the semi-barbaric kingand his way of administering justice.2.Structure of the text3.Psychological description of the princess;4.How does the author create the intensity of situation5.The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.6.Literary genre: the short story二．课程内容：THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART II)三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2. Structure of the text3. Psychological description of the princess;4. How does the author create the intensity of situation5. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.6. Literary genre: the short story四．考核要求：{识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. fervent and imperious as his own: strong and arrogant2. royal maiden was well satisfied with her lover: princess3. ardor that had enough of barbarism in it: eagerness4. waver in regard to his duty in the premises: falter to execute his power in his own territory5. deed with which the accused was charged had been done: romantic affair6. take an aesthetic pleasure in watching the course of events: enjoy watching with excitement7. admittance: right of entrance（8. hum of admiration and anxiety: noise9. Possessed of more power: With10. possessed herself of the secret of the doors: managed to getdamsels of the court: unmarried young women of noble birth12. aspiring to one so far above him: desiring earnestly13. those whose souls are one: who understand each other very well14. lead us through devious mazes of passion: helps us get rid of the control of the confusing feelings and emotions of various kindssoul was at a white heat beneath the combined fires of despair and jealousy: she suffered badly from the torture of despair and jealousy（often had she started in wild horror: been startledthe blessed regions: holy18. futurity: future timedecision had been indicated in an instant: made clear20. anguished deliberation: agonizing self-debating21. presume to set myself up as the one person able to answer it: suppose to regardmyself领会：1. Description of the princess, daughter of the semi-barbaric king;【2. Her love with enough of barbarism for the young courtier of that fineness of blood and lowness of station3. Her combined fires of despair and jealousy;4. Her decision;5. Structure of the text6. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.7. Literary genre: the short story简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting]2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第六章DULL WORK一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.?2.The organization of the text2. Classical Thetoric二．课程内容：DULL WORK三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2.The organization of the text;3. Classical Thetoric四．考核要求：@识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. assumption that: belief2. eventful lives: lives full of important events3. The opposite is nearer the truth: The fact that people who achieve much are often content with the routine uneventful lives they live4. an unalterable routine: a dull and regular5. transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences: be inspired by seemingly unimportant sudden ideas for the success in great achievements6. what he can do with physiological pressures and hunger: his capacity to suffer illness and hunger7. vexation: discomfort、8. seminal: highly original and influencing the development of future events9. equidistant from：equally distant10. insights: understandings11. inordinate humanness shows itself in the ability to make the trivial and common reach an enormous way: excessive human feature is embodied12. exhausts rather than stimulates: exhausts rather than stimulates creative power 领会：1.The organization of the text2.Classical Thetoric、简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第七章BEAUTY!一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.Definition二．课程内容：BEAUTY三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of this unit;2. The organization of the text;（3. Definition四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. what we have to call--lamely, enviously--whole persons: helplessly2. it was quite paradoxical: seemingly self-contradictory: charming4. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly: teaching5. we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty: careful about the different aspects of overall excellence-6. We …split of--with the greatest facility--the "inside" fromthe "outside": very easily7. the central place of beauty in classical ideas of human excellence: ancient Greek and Roman8. Christianity set beauty adrift: out of control9. an alienated, arbitrary, …enchantment:, strange and capricious10. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally: questionable in value11. Catholic countries…still retain some vestiges: tracesthe pagan admiration for beauty:, ancient Greek and Roman the detriment of the notion of beauty: which is harmful to#领会：1. The organization of the text;2. Definition简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第八章APPETITE一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.Sentence complexity and rhetorical effect3.Allusion: Oscar Wilde, Irish-born writer. Renowned as a wit in London literarycircles, he achieved recognition with The Picture of Dorian Gray(1891), a novel.He also wrote plays of lively dialogue, such as The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), and poetry, including The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898).4.。

大学英语自学考试教程下册0015自考英语二课后习题答案 unit1Unit 1(英语二)Text AExercises for the TextI.1.d 2.c 3.c 4.a 5.dII.1.alternative 2.fundamental 3.accompany4.implement5.preccedent6.attain7.objectives 8.vary 9.multiple10.isolateIII.1.c 2.d 3.i 4.j 5.g 6.e 7.h 8.a 9.f 10.bIV.our ; helped ; form ; front; to; passed; it; same;V.1.Decision makers should be able to make the best guess at the future.2.Some people think that everything managers do involves decision making.(or Some people think that everything managers do has something to do with decision making.)3.If there are no correct alternatives ,there are no correct decisions to be made.4.Since different people have different ideas about the same problem ,so the approaches to it vary from person to person.5.Decision makers usually hold the key to the business development of the company.Vocabulary ExercisesI.1.a.be organized anizational anization2.a.simple b.simplified c.simply d.simplification3.a.profit b.profitable c.profitability4.a.intention b.intended c.unintendedII.1.preccdent2.skilled3.achievement4.implement5.optimal6.goal7.accomplish 8.accompanies 9.tendency10.ongoingIII.1.His friend accompanied him to a concert.2.He has argued her out of her decision.3.he owed his success in part to luck.4.According to his suggestion ,the formalities have been much simplified.5.The broadcasting station predicts that it will turn cold tomorrow.6.Motion is defined as a change in position or place.Text BExercises for the TextI.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.TII.1.preparation; confidence2.idea3.unattractive indifference4.hardworking; personality; interest5.speechless6.holidays; pay7.clean; neat; conservative8.the floor beside your chair9.politely; naturally10."I beg your pardon?" or "Could you please repeat it?" etc. Vocabulary ExercisesI.1.at a disadvantage2.conservative3.indifference4.make sure5.vague6.clutched7.turned down 8.to your advantage 9.neat10.prospects 11.take the trouble to 12.place Grammar ExercisesI.1.连词；让步状语从句。

Unit 8 The Great MindsThe Great Minds名人名言部分补充make A of BA famous quoteA pessimist makes difficulties of his opportunities; an optimist makes opportunitiesof his difficulties. ----Harry S. Truma n悲观者让机会沦为困难；乐观者把困难铸成机会。

----杜鲁门make A of Bmake a success of on e's careermake a musician of the little boywan ted The father exposed his son to music when he was still a little child becaused he to make amusicia n of him.expose sb. / on eself to sth.Don't expose yourself to the stro ng sun light, or you will get sun bur nt.联想：sunburnt / suntannedgain exposure to sth.make a footballer of Tommake a mess of the accou ntI. New words and expressionsNew words1. wrap v. 用…缠绕（或围紧）2. seen ario n. 设想；方案；预测3. explanation n.解释；说明explai nexpla natory4. un eve ntful adj. 平淡无奇的；平凡的；缺乏刺激的5. preg nancy n. 怀孕；妊娠；孕期6. imperfect adj.有缺陷的；不完全的；不完美的perfectperfecti on联想：impossible, impolite, imbalaneed, immobile, immature (注意：unbiased,unmoving )7. abn ormal adj.不正常的；反常的；变态的；畸形的n ormal联想：typical-atypicalsymmetry-asymmetrysymmetrical-asymmetrical8. massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的9. disability n.（某种）缺陷，障碍ableabilityun able10. limbless adj.无四肢的11. i nspire v.激励；鼓舞（用法参考Un it 5, Text A ）in spiratio n （形近词参考Un it 4 ，Text A）in spiri ng12. adapt v.适应（新情况）adapt on eself to sth.13. accomplish v.完成14. limb n. 肢；臂；腿15. campaig n 运动（为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动）16. fulfill v.实现；履行fulfill on e's dream / word / requireme ntfulfilli ng 使人满足的，令人愉快的fulfillme nt 履行；满足；成就17. motivatio nal adj. 鼓舞的18. circumsta nee n. 命运；客观环境19. wholeheartedly adv. 全心全意地20. effective adj. 产生预期结果的；有效的比较：efficie ntin effective, in efficie nt21. altitude n.海拔；海拔高度altitude sick ness区分：attitude22. en gageme nt n. 约定；约会；预约23. con gregati onn. （教堂的）会众24. audie nee n. 观众；听众25. visio n n. 想象力；眼力；远见卓识26. outreach n. 外展服务27. perspective n. 态度；观点；思考方法28. cease v. （使）停止，终止，结束29. obstacle n. 障碍；阻碍；绊脚石30. illustrate v. （用示例、图画等）说明，解释31. profou nd adj. 巨大的；深切的；深远的32. persiste nee n.坚持；锲而不舍persist （i n）persiste nt33. paralyze v. 使瘫痪；使麻痹34. often times adv. 常常35. trick n.戏法；把戏tricky36. ble nd n. （不同事物的）和谐结合，融合37. persevera nee n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神（偶见persevere neeperseverepersevera nt （偶见persevere nt ，但很少使用）38. defi ne v.阐明；明确；界定defi niti ondefi nite 明确的，确定的39. i ncredible adj.不能相信的；难以置信的un believable40. captivate v. 迷住；使着迷Phrases and Expressi ons1. a walk of life 行业；职业；地位；阶层line of work2. major in 主修3. stress the importa nee of 强调…的重要性，但很少使用）4. at o ne's disposal 任某人处理；供某人任意使用5. poke fun at 拿…开心；奚落；嘲笑6. show off 炫耀；卖弄II. Text LearningLife Without Limits①Imagi ne being born without arms. Noarms to wrap arou nd some one, no hands to experie nee touch, or to hold ano ther hand with. Or what about being born without legs? Having noability to danee, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those seenarios（设想）t ogether: no arms and no legs. What would you do? How would that effect youreveryday life?②Born in 1982 in Melbourne, Australia, without any medical explanation or warning,Nicholas Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. （1）Havi ng had an uneventful pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition , imagine the shockhis pare nts felt whe n they saw their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would con sider imperfect and abno rmal. How would their son live a normal happy life? What could he ever do or become when living with what the world would see as such a massive disability （严重残疾）？（2）Little did they or anyone know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be some one who would in spire and motivate people from all walks of life buchi ng lives all over the world.本部分重点及难点：1. Having had an un eve ntful （平凡的）preg nancy and no family history to expect thiscon diti on, imagi ne the shock his pare nts felt whe n they saw their first born, bra nd new baby boy, only tofind he was what the world would consider imperfect and abnormal.（1）悬垂分词。

自考英语（二）教材课后练习答案课程代码00015Unit 1 The power of languageText AChecking your comprehension1-5 BADACBuilding your vocabularySection A 1-6 consistent statement reflect invalid considerablycomparisonSection B 1-6 credible identify assumption represents evaluatedappropriateSection C 1-6 to forth into on with toBridging the gap1-10 defines action tears good express powerful internally shapes responds to personalTranslationSection A 1. take interests of different social groups into account2. Compare the recent work with the previous one3. was not consistent with his statement to the police4. was not relevant to the affair /matter that was being dealt with5. Please inform us of any change in your caseSection B成为一名灵活的读者，你需要知道怎样选择和使用阅读方式，来与你的阅读目的相一致。

懂得何时以及怎样选用不同的阅读方式会使你成为一个灵活的读者。

当读者的目的是需要很高的阅读理解能力来读懂难度很高的阅读材料时，精读是一名灵活的读者使用的阅读方法。

Unit 8The Great MindText APre-reading Questions1.Can you imagine a life without limbs?2.Who will flash into your mind when it comes to disabled heroes? What qualities appeal to you most?Life Without LimitsImagine being born without arms. No arms to wrap around someone, no hands to experience touch, or to hold another hand with. Or what about being born without legs? Having no ability to dance, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those scenarios together: no arms and no legs. What would you do? How would that affect your everyday life?Born in 1982 in Melbourne, Australia, without any medical explanation or warning, Nicholas Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. Having had an uneventful pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they say their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would consider imperfect and abnormal. How would their son live a normal, happy life? What could he ever do or become when living with what the world would see as such a massive disability? Little did they know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be someone who would inspire and motivate people from all walks of life,touching lives all over the world.As Nick grew up, he learned to deal with his disability and started to be able to do more and more things on his own. He adapted to heis situation and found ways to accomplish tasks that most people could only do by using their limbs, such as cleaning teeth, brushing hair, typing on a computer, swimming ,plying sports, and much more. As time went by, Nick began to embrace his situation and achieve greater things. In grade seven Nick was elected captain of his school and worked with the student council on various fund-raising events for local charities and disability campaigns.After school Nick went on with further study and obtained a double bachelor degree majoring in accounting and financial planning. By the age of 19, Nick had started to fulfill his dream of encouraging others by sharing his story through motivational speaking. He found the purpose of his existence, and also the purpose in his circumstance. Nick wholeheartedly believes that there is a purpose in each of the struggles we encounter in our live and that our attitude towards those struggles can be the single most effective factor in overcoming them.Now at 27 years old, this limbless young man has accomplished more than most people even twice his age. Nick recently made the massive move from Brisbane, Australia to California, USA, where he is the president of an international non- profit organization, and also has his own motivational speaking company, Attitude Is Altitude. Since his first motivational speaking engagement back when he was 19, Nick hastraveled around the world, sharing his story with millions of people, speaking to a range of different groups such as students, teachers, youth, business men and women, entrepreneurs, and church congregations of all sizes. People ask Nick, “How can you smile?” Then they realize there`s got to be something more to life than meets the eye if a guy without arms ans legs is living a fuller life.Nick shares with his audiences the importance of vision and dreaming big. Using his own experiences in worldwide outreach as examples, he challenges others to examine their perspective and look beyond their circumstances. He shares his vies of ceasing to see obstacles as problems, and instead begin to see them as opportunities to grow and reach out to others. He stresses the importance of how attitude can be the most powerful tool we have at our disposal and illustrates how the choices we make can have a profound effect on our lives and the lives of those around us. Nick shows through his own life that the major keys to fulfilling our biggest dreams are persistence and choosing to embrace failure as a learning experience, rather than allowing the guilt and fear of failure to paralyze us.How does Nick Vujicic feel about his disability now? He accepts it, embraces it and oftentimes pokes fun at his own circumstance as he shows off his many tricks. He meets challenges with his special blend of humor, perseverance and faith, always encouraging those around him to examine their perspective as they develop and define their vision. Using those new definition he challenges each person he meets to makechanges in their lives so that they can begin the path to fulfilling their biggest dreams. Through his amazing ability to connect with people from all walks of life and his incredible sense of humor he captivates children, teens and adults alike. Nick is a true inspirational and motivational speaker.Text BPre-reading Questions1.What factors do you think contribute to success?2.Can you figure out what reasons account for Steve Jobs` success?An Unwanted Baby, Steve JobsSteve Jobs is a man who has great courage and dares to take risks. He may not be perfect but he pulled together the most fantastic act by overcoming Microsoft, the movie industry and the music business. Jobs followed his dream and led a revolution in the computing world.Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. His biological mother was an unwed graduate student named Joanne Simpson and decided to put him up for adoption. Joanne had a college education, and she insisted that the future parents of her boy be just as well educated. Unfortunately, the candidates, Paul and Clara Jobs, did not meet her expectations: Clara didn`t graduate from college and Paul only attended high school. When she found out that both his future parents had never graduated from college, she refused to sign the adoption papers. She only relented a few months later and agreed to have baby adopted by them, under the firm condition that they would send him to college.Steve Jobs went to college but decided to drop out because it was too expensive. Recalling his time there he said, “I didn`t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends` rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5 cents deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7miles acrosstown ever Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.”At 20, Steve Jobs and a friend (Steve Wozniak) started a company in a garage on April 1, 1976. Later that year, they debuted the Apple I and a local store offered to buy 50 machines. To finance the production, they had to sell their most expensive possessions. Jobs sold his Volkswagen van while Wozniak sold his Hewlett-Packard scientific calculator. Steve Jobs named their company Apple, in memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard worker in Oregon.By 1982, however, his company sales sagged in the face of competition from IBM`s new PC. Not wanting to dwell on successive failures, they worked on a new machine called the Macintosh. By 1986, the Mac, which Steve Jobs promised to be “insanely great,” was a huge success. After 10 years, starting from 2 kids working in a garage, Apple computer had grown into a $2 billion dollar company with over 4000 employees.At 30, Steve Jobs , however, was fired from the company he cofounded with Steve Wozniak. He left the company after losing a bitter battle over control with Apple`s CEO John Sculley, whom Jobs had recruited from Pepsi Cola. When Steve Jobs heard of the message he said, “You`ve probably had somebody punch you in the stomach and it knocks the wind out of you and you cannot breathe. The harder you try to breathe, the more you cannot breathe. And you know that the only thing you can do is just relax so you can start breathing again.”Steve Jobs sold over $20 million of his Apple stock, spent days bicycling along the beach, feeling sad and lost, toured Paris, and journeyed on to Italy. Recalling this publicly heartbreaking episode, Jobs said, “I didn`t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.”During the next five years he started two companies -- NeXT and Pixar. NeXT didn`t do as well as Jobs had dreamed for, but Pixar was a success story. Jobs became an instant billionaire. Meanwhile, his old company Apple was under immense pressure from its rival Microsoft and in 1996 posted billions of dollars in losses.In December 1996, Steve Jobs convinced Apple to buy NeXT and make its software the foundation of the next-generation Mac OS. The technology he developed at NeXT became the catalyst of Apple`s comeback. Initially appointed as Apple`s adviser. Steve Jobs was named Apple`s interim CEO in 1997.He had made Apple healthy again and returned it to a place where it was contributing new and innovative technologies to the computer world. Under his leadership, Apple returned to profitability and introduced innovations.。

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00015英语二重点语法 (结合考题讲解）综合英语（二）常考的语法为：名词单数变复数，定语从句,虚拟语气,反意疑问句，非谓语动词，时态,名词性从句，形容词副词的比较级，主谓一致，倒装等等。

下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细的有重点的讲解。

名词1. 大多数集体名词可作单数，也可作复数，如： army ， audience ，class ， committee , crew （全体船员，乘务员 ) ， crowd ，faculty ， family , government ， group ， orchestra ， team ，union 等。

强调整体时谓语动词用单数，强调个体时谓语动词用复数。

如: The government is paying close attention to economicdevelopment.The government are having a heated discussion on this matter。

2.有些名词形式为复数,却用作单数，如：electronics( 电子学 ) ，mathematics（数学 ) , optics（光学）， politics ，statistics( 统计学）， economics （经济学）， physics 等。

例如 :Linguistics is a difficult subject to study.3。