高考英语阅读理解D专练5篇

2023全国高考真题英语汇编阅读理解D篇一、阅读理解（2023·全国·统考高考真题）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A．The methods of estimation.B．The underlying logic of the effect.C．The causes of people’s errors.D．The design of Galton’s experiment.2．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimatesC．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent3．What did the follow-up study focus on?A．The size of the groups.B．The dominant members.C．The discussion process.D．The individual estimates.4．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A．Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Approving.（2023·全国·统考高考真题）As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildnessin urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.5．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?A．Pocket parks are now popular.B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities.C．Many cities are overpopulated.D．People enjoy living close to nature.6．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?A．To compare different types of park-goers.B．To explain why the park attracts tourists.C．To analyze the main features of the park.D．To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.7．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C．The same nature experience takes different forms.D．The nature language enhances work performance.8．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?A．Language study.B．Environmental conservation.C．Public education.D．Intercultural communication.（2023·北京·统考高考真题）What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence ofa living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.9．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful10．What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．Shocked.B．Protected.C．Attracted.D．Challenged.11．What can we learn from this passage?A．ALife holds the key to human future.B．ALife and AI share a common feature.C．AI mirrors the developments of ALife.D．AI speeds up the process of human evolution.12．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?B．Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?D．Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.13．How do Americans look at grizzlies?A．They cause mixed feelings in people.B．They should be kept in national parks.C．They are of high scientific value.D．They are a symbol of American culture.14．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?A．The European settlers’ behavior.B．The expansion of bears’ range.C．The protection by law since 1975.D．The support of Native Americans.15．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies?A．The opposition of conservation groups.B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.C．The voice of the biologists.D．The local farmers’ advocates.16．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.（2023·全国·统考高考真题）If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.17．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．How past events should be presented.B．What humanity is concerned about.C．Whether facts speak louder than words.D．Why written language is reliable.18．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A．His report was scientific.B．He represented the local people.C．He ruled over Botany Bay.D．His record was one-sided.19．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Problem.B．History.C．V oice.D．Society.20．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World B．A Short History of AustraliaC．A History of the World in 100 Objects D．How Art Works Tell Stories参考答案1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D【导语】本文是说明文。

2023新高考一卷英语阅读d篇As the countdown to the 2023 new college entrance examination (commonly known as Gaokao) begins, students across the country are bracing themselves for the challenges that lie ahead. One of the key components of the Gaokao English exam is the reading comprehension section, which tests students' ability to understand and analyze written texts. In this article, we will take a closer look at the D passage of the 2023 Gaokao English reading section.The D passage focuses on the topic of climate change and its impact on the environment. It consists of a narrative that presents facts, statistics, and real-life examples to raise awareness about the urgent need to address this global issue. The passage is divided into several sections, each highlighting different aspects of climate change.Section 1: IntroductionThe passage opens with an introduction to the topic of climate change, explaining its causes and consequences. It emphasizes the role of human activities, such as deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels, in contributing to the rise in global temperatures. This section aims to provide readers with a broad understanding of the issue before delving into further details.Section 2: Effects on EcosystemsThe second section explores the impact of climate change on ecosystems. It discusses how rising temperatures and changing weather patterns can lead to the loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and the extinction ofcertain species. Real-life examples, such as the bleaching of coral reefs and the decline of polar bear populations, are used to illustrate these effects.Section 3: Human ImpactIn this section, the passage highlights the ways in which climate change directly affects human populations. It discusses the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, and their devastating impact on communities around the world. The passage also addresses the issue of rising sea levels and the threat it poses to coastal cities and low-lying areas.Section 4: Mitigation and AdaptationThe fourth section focuses on possible solutions to mitigate and adapt to climate change. It introduces various measures that individuals, governments, and organizations can take to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainability. The passage emphasizes the importance of transitioning to renewable energy sources, implementing conservation practices, and adopting environmentally-friendly lifestyles.Section 5: ConclusionThe final section of the passage concludes by reiterating the urgency of addressing climate change. It stresses the need for collective action and global cooperation to combat this pressing issue. The passage encourages readers to take responsibility and make conscious choices that contribute to a more sustainable future.In conclusion, the D passage of the 2023 Gaokao English reading section provides students with an in-depth understanding of climate change and itsenvironmental repercussions. By exploring the causes, effects, and possible solutions to this global issue, the passage aims to raise awareness and inspire action among the younger generation. As students prepare for the upcoming Gaokao, it is crucial for them to study and comprehend passages like this one to develop their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.。

《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》专题05阅读理解D篇（新课标I卷）原卷版(专家评价+全文翻译+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式)目录一、原题呈现P2二、答案解析P3三、专家评价P3四、全文翻译P3五、词汇变式P4(一)考纲词汇词形转换P4(二)考纲词汇识词知意P4(三)高频短语积少成多P5(四)阅读理解单句填空变式P5(五)长难句分析P6六、三年真题P7(一)2023年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P7(二)2022年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P8(三)2021年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P9七、满分策略（阅读理解说明文）P10八、阅读理解变式P12 变式一：生物多样性研究、发现、进展6篇P12变式二：阅读理解D篇35题变式（科普研究建议类）6篇P20一原题呈现阅读理解D篇关键词: 说明文;人与社会;社会科学研究方法研究;生物多样性; 科学探究精神;科学素养In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observation s of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not w ell-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?A. They are becoming outdated.B. They are mostly in electronic form.C. They are limited in number.D. They are used for public exhibition.33. What does Daru’s study focus on?A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.C. Observational data.D. Mobile applications.34. What has led to the biases according to the study?A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C. Improper way of sampling.D. Unreliable data collection devices.35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?A. Review data from certain areas.B. Hire experts to check the records.C. Confirm the identity of the users.D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.二答案解析三专家评价考查关键能力，促进思维品质发展2024年高考英语全国卷继续加强内容和形式创新，优化试题设问角度和方式，增强试题的开放性和灵活性，引导学生进行独立思考和判断，培养逻辑思维能力、批判思维能力和创新思维能力。

2024届高考英语（新高考通用）压轴真题专项练习——阅读理解CD篇（观念、事理、现象类）命题预测强的时代感。

从近年全国卷和各地高考试卷中科普类阅读命题的统计来看，高考阅读理解科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、生词多、句式结构复杂体现。

命题尊重语篇的文体特征和行文特点，考查了考生理解说明文语篇的能力，以及灵活运用各种阅读策略提取、归纳所读信息的能力，尤其加大了对概括能力和推断能力等高阶思维能力的考查。

预测1、说明文基本规律及解题要领高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。

说明文一般采用如下四部分：首段：一般即是文章的主题段，开门见山点明新发明或研究对象。

背景: 交代问题的现状或研究的起因。

主干: 部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究对象、研究方法、研究理论或具体的实验、统计等过程。

结尾: 通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、预计的市场未来等与主题呼应。

二、说明文的解题技巧1. 运用语篇结构（text structure），了解文章大意科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。

弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。

观念事理现象类说明文阐述抽象事理、现象的成因、原理、本质、规律等内容。

结构上一般采用上述四个部分，说明手法上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、问题与比较法。

实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。

阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。

结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。

因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。

2. 定位标志词，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。

然后精读，找出那个标志词或者中心句。

浙江省2023年1月高考英语阅读理解D篇深度解读含译文According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed（安装）has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,”says Jordan Macknick, thehead of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project."They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy." InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to "low-impact'' solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. Oneof the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators（传粉昆虫）.Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.“These pollinator-friendly solar farms canhave a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape,”says Macknick.32. What do solar developers often ignore?A.The decline in the demand for solar energy.B.The negative impact of installing solar panels.C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms.D.The most recent advances in solar technology.33.What does InSPIRE aim to do?A.Improve the productivity of local farms.B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds.C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly.D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.34.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?A.To conserve pollinators.B.To restrict solar development.C.To diversify the economy.D.To ensure the supply of energy.35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Pollinators:To Leave or to StayB.Solar Energy: Hope for the FutureC.InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD.Solar Farms: A New Development本文主旨：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了过去十年中太阳能农场给土壤造成了破坏，最近几年通过将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成为传粉昆虫栖息地，从而改善了土壤质量，减少了碳排放，太阳能农场有了新的发展。

2020新高考1卷英语阅读d篇全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：2020年的高考英语试卷一直备受关注，其中的阅读理解部分更是考查了考生的阅读理解能力和语言运用能力。

本文将针对2020年新高考1卷英语阅读部分的D篇进行详细解读。

D篇的主题是关于一位名为卡门的女性的生活故事。

文章描述了卡门的童年成长经历，她在成长过程中面对的挑战和困难，并展现了她坚强的性格和乐观的态度。

文章通过卡门的故事告诉读者，即使面临困境，也要保持乐观积极的心态，努力克服困难，追求自己的梦想。

文章开头描述了卡门的家庭背景，她来自一个单亲家庭，母亲在她很小的时候就离开了家。

卡门的父亲是一名务农的农民，他尽力照顾卡门和她的妹妹，但生活并不容易。

尽管家境贫困，但卡门从小就展现出了坚强的意志和乐观的心态，她努力学习，希望通过自己的努力改变命运。

随着故事的发展，卡门在学校表现优秀，她努力学习，取得了优异的成绩。

但是在一次突如其来的车祸中，卡门的生活发生了巨大的变化，她失去了双腿。

这对于一个年轻的少女来说无疑是一次沉重的打击，但卡门并没有向命运低头，她用乐观的态度和坚强的意志克服了困难，重新振作起来，继续坚持学业。

文章最后描述了卡门的毕业典礼上的一幕，当她用轮椅上台领取毕业证书时，全场响起了热烈的掌声。

这一幕感动了所有人，卡门展现出的坚强和乐观的态度让人深受鼓舞。

她告诉所有人，不管遇到什么困难，只要坚持努力，就一定能战胜困难，追求自己的梦想。

D篇的故事内容感人至深，展现了卡门这个角色的坚强和乐观。

通过阅读这篇文章，我们深刻体会到，无论面对什么困难和挑战，只要拥有坚强的意志和乐观的态度，就一定能战胜困难，实现自己的梦想。

希望2020年的高考考生能从这篇文章中汲取力量，坚定信心，勇敢面对挑战，取得优异的成绩。

【这是一篇关于2020新高考1卷英语阅读d篇的文章，希望对考生有所帮助。

】第二篇示例：2020年是新高考改革实施的第三年，首次实施了全国统一的高考英语试卷。

《2024年1月浙江首考英语卷深度解析及变式训练》专题05 阅读理解D篇(解析+词汇+变式+技巧+模拟) 原卷版养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

关键词：说明文, 人与社会, 棉花糖测试, 心理测试, 信息轰炸, 抵御诱惑The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value —a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.32. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test?A. Take an examination alone.B. Show respect for the researchers.C. Share their treats with others.D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.33. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetitesB. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needsC. the rich food supply and our unchanged brainsD. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit34. What does the author suggest readers do?A. Absorb new information readily.B. Be selective information consumers.C. Use diverse information sources.D. Protect the information environment.35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Eat Less, Read MoreB. The Bitter Truth about Early HumansC. The Later, the BetterD. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups一、高频单词1. originally ad.2. psychologist n.3. nursery n.4. treat n.5. follow-up a.6. version n.7. tempt vt.8. tablet n.9. device n.10. delivery n.11. preschooler n.12. ancestor n.13. calorie-poor a.14. mechanism n. 15. reflect vt.16. reward n.17. reshape vt.18. dramatically ad.19. calorie n.20. mismatch n.21. species n.22. information-poor a.23. prize vt.24. connectivity n.25. ceaselessly ad.26. thoughtful a.27. consumption n.28. resist vt.29. mental a.30. effectively ad.31. delay vt.32. appetite n.33. shortage n. 34. absorb vt.35. readily ad.36. selective a.37. diverse a.38. bitter a.二、高频词块1. in the late 1960s2. sugary treat3. leave sb alone4. be involved in5. at the heart of6. in response to7. show respect for8. delay doing三、长难句翻译1. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value —a feeling of reward and satisfaction.我们被含糖食物所诱惑，因为我们的祖先生活在一个热量匮乏的世界里，我们的大脑对这些食物产生了反应机制，反映了它们的价值——一种奖励和满足感。

2020新高考英语一卷阅读理解d篇2020新高考英语一卷阅读理解d篇内容如下：阅读原文：1 The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.（main idea of para 1: positive effect of plants on us）2 The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.（main idea of para 2: actual composition of plants can be changed to perform unusual functions）3 One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)inexperiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.（main idea of para 3: plants are made to glow)4 in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.5 Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.发光的植物可以缩短距离，因此有助于节省能源。

高考英语复习阅读理解专练记叙文5篇Passage 1(2017课标全国Ⅱ,B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that;they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.1.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A.Paul Newman wanted it.B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent.C.He wasn’t famous enough.D.The director recommended someone else.2.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A.They were of the same age.B.They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They had similar characteristics.3.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Their belief.B.Their care for children.C.Their success.D.Their support for each other.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love of films.B.To remember a friend.C.To introduce a new movie.D.To share his acting experience.Passage 2(2017北京,A)It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris’s eyes rolled back,”Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,”says Taylor.Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’s heartbeat returned.“I know I was really lucky,”Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,”Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”1.What happened to Paris on a March day?A.She caught a bad cold.B.She had a sudden heart problem.C.She was knocked down by a ball.D.She shivered terribly during practice.2.Why does Paris say she was lucky?A.She made a worthy friend.B.She recovered from shock.C.She received immediate CPR.D.She came back on the softball team.3.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A.Enthusiastic and kind.B.Courageous and calm.C.Cooperative and generous.D.Ambitious and professional.Passage 3(2017天津,B)Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined”it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each other’s spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.1.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A.Her camera stopped working.B.A woman blocked her view.C.Someone asked her to leave.D.A friend approached from behind.2.According to the author, the woman was probably .A.enjoying herselfB.losing her patienceC.waiting for the sunsetD.thinking about her past3.In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A.The rich color of the landscape.B.The perfect positioning of the camera.C.The woman’s existence in the photo.D.The soft sunlight that summer day.4.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand .A.the need to be close to natureB.the importance of private spaceC.the joy of the vacation in ItalyD.the shared passion for beauty5.The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon .A.a particular life experienceB.the pleasure of travelingC.the art of photographyD.a lost friendshipPassage 4(2017课标全国Ⅰ,B)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a youngowl(猫头鹰)on the ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise thepresence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.1.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cure a young owl.3.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording.D.Its parents.4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.It’s unexpected.B.It’s beautiful.C.It’s humorous.D.It’s discouraging.Passage 5(2017课标全国Ⅲ,C)After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the park’s income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of animals.4.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.答案全解全析Passage 1[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。