雅思写作地图题深度解析(上)

雅思写作地图题深度解析（上）?朗阁海外考试研究中心??姜芮?在雅思小作文中，流程图和地图题无疑对于广大考生来说都有不小的威胁，很多考生在遇到此类型的题目时，会变得手足无措，不知道应该从何写起。

许多考生抱着侥幸的心里，往往不重视此类小众题目的备考，结果作文分数受到了很大的影响。

在本系列文章中，朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家将着重对雅思写作地图题做一个深度解析。

?我们用两个经典的地图题真题为例，在近两年出现的数次地图题中，多数都是属于这类“三格地图”。

?WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.??The diagram below shows the development of the village of Kelsby between 1780 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.?在审题过程中我们需要特别注意以下几点：1.?时态：关注时态是小作文能否取得高分的关键，同样对于地图题，我们也应该很好地注意时态，本文的时间是明确的，都是过去的时间，因此全文应当使用一般过去时。

2.?顺序：该图属于动态的地图题，这种类型的地图题一律按照时间顺序来写。

在这道题中，也就是按照图的顺序依次来写，不要把元素拆开。

如果是静态的地图题（即不涉及时间变化的题型），则按照空间顺序来写。

在描述单幅地图时，我们可以采取上北下南的顺序描述，或者从左到右的顺序也可以，但值得注意的是，如果地图上有明显的方向标示，那就要根据这个标示来描述。

?下面我们一起来分析文章的写作。

第一段：Introduction引言段就是把题目进行改写。

深⼊剖析雅思⼩作⽂之地理变迁题⾼分范⽂雅思⼩作⽂主要包括选址类与地理变迁类两⼤类型，考⽣要做好充⾜的准备⼯作才⾏。

下⾯，让我们⼀起来深⼊剖析雅思⼩作⽂之地理变迁题⾼分范⽂，看看范⽂是如何写作的，我们⼜会从范⽂中学到什么呢?今天给⼤家带来的雅思作⽂题⽬来⾃剑桥雅思官⽅指南中Test 7 Task 1的作⽂，原题⽬是The map below shows the village of Stokeford in 1930 and in 2010.从题⽬可知，该题为地图题，主要有两张地图组成，属于地理变迁类。

题⽬描述的是Stokeford村庄在1930年和2010年的发展变化。

地理变迁题的写作，考⽣要根据时间以及空间顺序来写，⼩作⽂的写作还要格外注意时态与语态。

从图中得知，没有变化的是横跨河流的桥梁以及邮局的位置，⽽有所变化的是商店，农场没有了;新增⼏条⽀路以及很多住宅;花园被改建成了养⽼院;学校的规模也扩⼤了。

因此，从变化中，我们在写主体段的时候可以分别描述这个村庄在1930年和2010年的发展变化较好写⼀些。

下⾯，我们来具体看看每个段落的详细内容以及进⾏分析。

第⼀段描写的是第⼀张地图的内容：先整体描述在1930年，River Stoke贯穿了Stokeford村庄的东北⾓到西南⾓，地图上显⽰有⼀座桥，连接河流两岸地区。

In 1930, the River Stoke crossed through the Stokeford from northeast corner to southwest corner and a bridge in the top was over this river for providing the path for the road in this map.下⾯，具体描述建筑以及设施：1) 很显然，河流两岸没有任何建筑：It is obvious that there is nothing in the west side of the river.It is obvious that 显然…2) 在河流东岸，⼩学正好在地图中⼼位置，旁边是⼀个农场：Moving to the eastside of the River Stoke, the primary school was right in the center of the maps well as next to the farmland.3) ⼩学的南边是花园，包括⼀个⼤房⼦：To the south side of the primary school was the gardens with a large house.4) 此外，沿着主⼲西边，从北到南，有⼀些建筑，⽐如商店，邮局和农场：Besides, along the road from north to south, several buildings, shops, post office and farmland were located in the west side of it.第⼆段主要描述的是第⼆幅图的内容，即70年后该村庄的发展变化。

剑桥雅思写作13test1真题解析及范文剑桥雅思写作13test1task1真题解析【题目+解题思路+范文】题目：TASK 1You should spend abo20 minutes on this task.The two maps below show road access to a city hospital in 2022 and in 2022.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.解题思路：1. 图表类型：地图题2. 主体段时态：一般过去时3. 题目要求：两幅地图分别展示了2022年和2022年去城市医院的通行道路。

选择一些主要的特点来描述并作出一些相关的比照。

4. 描述重点：1)2022年地图中的city hospital的东南风是staff and public car park，而在2022年这个地方变为了staff car park。

2)2022年Hospital Rd 两边的六个bus stops 没有了，在道路西边建造了较大的bus station，并有道路通往北边和南边两个环岛，分别与围绕医院的ring road 和city road相连。

范文：SAMPLE ANSWERThis is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 5.5 score. Here is the e某aminer’s comment:The candidate has identified all the key features (hospital, ringroad, new public car park, staff car park and bus station in 2022) but the descriptions are not always accurate e.g. [two features that still remained. This two features are City Hospital and staff carpark] whereas the staff car park was formerly a car park for both staff and public, while the mention of the bus station is not developed. Organisation is clear, however, with some good use of cohesive devices [According to | Apart from | The further additional features], although there is an error in the use of reference pronouns [This/These two features]. The range of vocabulary is sufficient for the task [two different years | features | remained | additional], though [features] is over-used. A spelling error is noted in the second line [sourrounded] but this does not cause any difficulty for the reader; similarly, the use of [around-turn] can be easily understood as ‘roundabout’. There is a mi某 of simple and comple某 sentences, mainly used accurately.Two maps illustrate, the way to get to a city hospital of two different years (2022 and 2022).According to both maps, the main features which is city hospital is sourrounded by Ring Road. In these two maps, there have been two features that still remained. This two features are City Hospital and staff car park. Apart from these two features there are some features that shows on 2022 map but haven’t shown on 2022 map. The additional features that appear on the map of 2022 are public car parte which located on the east-side of the city hospital. The further additional features are two around-turn on the hospital Rd. which can lead to the bus station.Overall, there are two major features that never change on both 2022 and 2022 map. These features are city hospital and staff carpark. However, there are some additional features that appear on the map of 2022 but not on 2022. These features are public car park, bus station and two around-turns.剑桥雅思写作13test1task2真题解析【题目+解题思路+范文】题目：TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious social problems, as well as practical problems. To what e某tent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant e某amples from your own knowledge or e某perience.Write at least 250 words.解题思路：1. 话题和题型分类社会文化类单边讨论题型2. 题目分析居住在一个你不得不说外语的国家可能会导致严重的社交问题以及实际问题。

雅思写作地图题学生习作分析地图题是雅思写作小作文部分烤鸭最不愿意碰上的一种提醒，很多人往往练动笔的思路都没有，不知道该从何入手，并且写完一部分内容不知道如何继续下一部分，该描述图中哪些有效信息。

下面是小编为您收集整理的雅思写作地图题学生习作分析，供大家参考!雅思写作地图题学生习作分析首先听题：Below is a map of the city of Brandfield. City planners have decided to build a new shopping mall for the area, and two sites, S1 and S2 have been proposed. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.第一个学生的写作：A golf course and park is located in the west of this city, with a river to the south, crossing Branfield from the south-western corner to the north. To the east of the golf course and park is a railway, linking he north-western corner and the south-eastern corner of this city. Situated in the north of Brandfield, a housing estate covers an area between the river and the railway. There is a city center in the middle of this city,located to the south of the railway and divided by the river.It is noticeable that a road is sited between the golf course and park in the west and the city center in the middle,and it goes across the south-eastern corner of the housing estate,connecting the north-eastern corner of this city to the south of the city center and to the south of this city. S1 is located to the north of the city center and the railway, between the road and the river.这个学生的作文主要问题是她上来不断地描述，而忘记了这个图的首要事情是描述S1 和S2. 这个学生的问题体现了中文和英文的思维差异。

雅思小作文地图题及词汇讲解The map depicting the development of the village clearly illustrates the progress of this area。

It is divided into four main sectors with two main roads intersecting。

as well as one XXX roads.Part 1: TimeBoth flow charts and map XXX charts。

the n of the process is often expressed。

while in map ns。

time is used to show geographical changes。

Accurate time guidance not only increases the natural and coherent nature of the article。

but also reflects the n of the writing.Common time ns:In a few hoursDuring the d of。

After 10 daysFrom。

to。

XXX。

Over the。

year d5 years beforeOver the XXX。

yearsXXX sentence: The process lasts for up to 7 days and the products are finally distributed to customers.A decade earlier。

from that moment on。

after a while。

since。

since then。

finally.Part 2: SpaceSpatial n is more common in map ns。

一个地图题的开头：The map about the development of the village sufficiently illustrates the way of progress of this area. In this map, we can find four main sectors and two main roads intersected with one railway and one motor way. It seems t he overall development of this village has strong connection with the construction of roads.雅思小作文地图题词汇Part 1：表时间流程图和地图题中都可能涉及时间表达。

流程题中，使用较多的是过程时长的表述，而地图题的时间使用则体现为地理变迁的时间变化。

一般在方位选址图题中较少出现。

确切的时间指引，既增加文章的自然和连贯度，也能体现行文的精确性。

常见表示时间的词：in few hours几小时during the period of …在…期间after 10 days 10天后from…to从…到…between …and在…之间over the…year period在一个…年期间5 years before 5年前a decade earlier几十年前from that moment on从那时起after a while一会since自从since then自从finally最后over the subsequent …years近连续几年例句：The process lasts for up to 7 day s and the products are finally distributedto customers.Part 2：表空间空间表达地图题出现概率较高，但流程图也偶尔出现。

在2013年度的48场考试中，非数据型图表在写作task1中密集的出现。

地图题全年出现5次，流程图全年出现3次，共考过8次，高于年平均6次的历史水平。

我们不难发现，非数据类图型在考试时间的分布上比较分散的特点。

由于对非数据类图型不准确的认识，很多学生会选择在报考的时候连报两场雅思考试来避开非数据型图表，甚至是在考场上碰见地图题或流程图直接放弃写作，放弃这场考试的现象。

这样一些现象的产生又进一步加剧了不了解地图题和流程图的考生的恐惧感。

在这里，360教育集团金牌留学顾问老师希望通过对非数据图表中的地图题的讲解来消除考生对非数据图表作文的恐惧，打破碰到地图题得分不超过5分的魔咒。

一、认识地图题分析近几年IELTS Writing出现过的地图题，我们可以把地图题分为两大类：一类，静态选址题；一类，动态变迁题。

静态选址题，这种题型要求考生对建筑物不同地址的利弊进行比较，多数静态选址题是在两个地址之间的比较，多于两个地址之间的比较会出现的较少。

例 1：剑桥5的Test 3动态变迁题，这类题型要求考生对某个地理区域在不同历史年代里的情况进行比较。

例 2：二、静态选址题的解题技巧1.时态解决小作文，我们首要的一个步骤就是明确全文要用的时态。

一般而言，静态选址类的题目当中如果没有明确表示过去时间点的标识词，使用一般现在时或是用would/could/might等表示假设的虚拟语气形式。

2.主体段建议各位考生按照不同的地址来划分主体段，需要比较几处地址就分成几个主体段，然后具体去写每个地址的利与弊。

3.开头和结尾静态选址的开头和数据类图型一样改写题目就可以，结尾只需要说明不同地址各自都有优缺点，可以不去选择一个较好的地址。

4.重点词汇和句型在地图题当中，考生必须熟练掌握词汇和句型：(1)方位词东east 东北 north-east西west 东南 south-east北north 西北 north-west南south 西南 north-west(2)坐落/位于A is located…A is situated…A lies …(3)介词的使用A在B内的东部A is located in the east side of B(4)A在距离B东部...的公里A is located … kilometers to the east of B(5)A在B的东部角落A is located at the east corner of B(6)A在B的东部边缘A is located on the east edge of B(7)紧邻/对面/朝向A is next to/is close to/is adjacent to/A is in the proximity toB A is opposite BA faces east/A faces towards the east(8)沿着河流/道路along with river/roadalongside the river/road(9)道路通向/河流流向The road/river runs from…to…5.例文讲解(例1，C5-3)通过基础词汇和句型的讲解，我们以地址s1为例，描述出s1的准确位置，同时客观分析s1作为建立超市地址的优缺点。

IELTS图表作文讲解：地图、流程图学生面授老师时间本次课时IELTS写作第三课时教学思路1. 作文简介、写作技巧2. 实例讲解3. 分析总结4. 课后作业教学目标1. 地图、流程图理论分析分析2. 掌握两类图表作文的基本特征和写作方法3. 学习写作思路讲解重点地图、流程图写作方法范文学习常用句式总结备考资料剑桥基础资料教学详细内容：一、分析雅思图表作文—地图、流程图理论1. 地图题特点地图题分两种，一种为地理变迁题，一种为选址题。

地理变迁题描述的是一个地方（多为一个城镇）在一段时间的发展变化。

时态：图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。

如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。

如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化，可用现完成时。

细节变化：地图每个细节变化都要提到，不要忽视一个细节语态：地图题用被动语态2．流程图（flow chart）特点其一，流程图的题目基本不会重复，因此复习已经考过的题目不会太大效果，第二，流程图的词汇随着图表的对象而变化，很少出现重复的词汇。

流程图考察的次数不多，每年大概3-5次，集中出现在年初和年末的三个月。

一般来说，流程图和普通图表的区别主要在于：流程图基本上不会出现数据，文字信息占主要地位流程图以描述为主，比较的机会比图表题少流程图中出现的信息都需要描述，而普通图表则不需要描述每一个数据流程图的时态比较单一，主要是用一般现在时流程图的分段比较灵活，只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显，就可以另起一段3. 流程图备考注意事项：1）注意掌握段落连接或者不同阶段之间的说法（sequence expression）表示首阶段的一些说法a)The process starts fromb)At the first/initial stage,c)At the beginning of the cycle,d)During the initial phase,e)The beginning of the whole cycle is marked byf)(名词 or 动名词)is the first step in (+ 名词 or 动名词)表示次段的一些说法：a)The second stage isb)The next step in the process is表示最后阶段的一些说法a)(名词 or 动名词) is the last step in the procedure.b)The final phase of the procedure is aboutc)In the final phase,d)Entering the final phase,e)(名词 or 动名词) is the final stage.2）要注意各个阶段的比较，充实文章内容，避免平铺直叙3）注意流程图的读图顺序：找出流程图的始末点，并划分中间的步骤或阶段；掌握表示“顺序”的连接词(Sequencing Words)，用来说明过程的各个步骤和先后顺序。

一个地图题的开头：The map about the development of the village sufficiently illustrates the way ofprogress of this area. In this map, we can find four main sectors and two mainroads intersected with one railway and one motor way. It seems the overalldevelopment of this village has strong connection with the construction of roads.雅思小作文地图题词汇Part 1：表时间流程图和地图题中都可能涉及时间表达。

流程题中，使用较多的是过程时长的表述，而地图题的时间使用则体现为地理变迁的时间变化。

一般在方位选址图题中较少出现。

确切的时间指引，既增加文章的自然和连贯度，也能体现行文的精确性。

常见表示时间的词：in few hours几小时a decade earlier几十年前from that moment on从那时起在…期间during the period of …after a while一会after 10 days 10天后since自从…到…从from…tosince then自从…between …and 在之间finally年期间最后在一个over the…year period…5 years before 5年前近连续几年subsequent …yearsover thes and the products are finally distributed to 例句：The process lasts for up to 7 day customers. Part 2：表空间空间表达地图题出现概率较高，但流程图也偶尔出现。

雅思小作文地图题
地图题是雅思小作文中的一部分。

这种类型的题目要求考生在限定的时间内观察一张地图，并从中提取出有用的信息，然后通过文字和图表的方式进行呈现。

下面是一个关于地图题的范例：
范例：
以下是一幅地图，表示英国一座海滨城市的中心区域。

请描述图中所示的最大距离(长度为4英里)内拥有商店、电影院、公园等公共场所的分布情况。

请用英文说明。

解答：
本题需要我们分析英国海滨城市中心区域的特点。

从地图上可以看出，商店主要分布在市中心和东南部。

电影院则在市中心和西部。

公园分布在市中心、中北部和西部。

此外，该区域还有许多餐馆和咖啡馆，主要分布在市中心以及东、西南部。

根据这些信息，我们可以用表格或饼图的方式展示不同场所在该区域内的分布情况。

例如：
表格：
通过这种方式，我们可以清晰地展示不同场所的分布情况，从而回答题目的要求。

一个地图题的开头： The map about the development of the village sufficiently illustrates the way of progress of this area. In this map, we can find four main sectors and two main roads intersected with one railway and one motor way. It seemsthe overall development of this village has strong connection with the construction of roads.雅思小作文地图题词汇Part 1 ：表时间流程图和地图题中都可能涉及时间表达。

流程题中， 使用较多的是过程时长的表述，而地图题的时间使用则体现为地理变迁的时间变化。

一般在方位选址图题中较少出现。

确切的时间指引，既增加文章的自然和连贯度，也能体现行文的精确性。

常见表示时间的词： in few hours几小时a decade earlier几十年前during the period offrom that moment on从那时起在⋯ 期间after 10 days 10 天后after a while一会from ⋯ to 从⋯ 到⋯ since 自从between ⋯ and 在⋯ 之间s ince then自从over the⋯ year period 在一个 ⋯ 年期间f inally 最后5 years before 5 年前over the subsequent⋯ yea 近rs 连续几年例句： The process lasts for up to 7 days and the products are finally distributedto customers.Part 2 ：表空间空间表达地图题出现概率较高，但流程图也偶尔出现。

雅思写作之变迁地图题解析一、题型概念雅思作文变迁地图题是一种常考的题型，主要考察考生对地图的解读和描述能力。

在考试中，通常会给出一张或多张地图，要求考生根据地图描述某个地区或建筑物的过去和现在的变化。

二、答题注意5方面1.仔细阅读地图并理解其含义。

地图上的符号、标记和颜色等都需要认真观察，以确定地图所表示的内容。

2.注意地图的比例尺和方向。

比例尺可以帮助考生确定地图上的距离和大小，而方向则是描述地图变化所必需的。

3.描述地图变化时，需要按照时间顺序或空间顺序进行。

可以先描述过去的情况，再描述现在的变化，或者按照从整体到局部的顺序进行描述。

4.在描述变化时，需要注意使用适当的词汇和语法。

可以使用一些表示时间变化的词汇，如“过去”、“现在”、“曾经”、“现在已经”等，以及表示位置关系的词汇，如“旁边”、“对面”、“附近”等。

5.最后，需要认真检查自己的作文，确保描述准确、语言通顺、逻辑清晰。

三、简单的示例1The map shows the changes that have occurred in a small town over the past ten years. In the past, the town consisted of a small number of buildings, mainly houses and shops. The road network was limited, with only a few main streets connecting the different areas of the town.Nowadays, the town has expanded significantly. New buildings have been constructed, including a school, a hospital and a shopping centre. The road network has also been expanded, with new streets and roads connecting the different parts of the town. In addition, a park has been built in the centre of the town, providing a green space for residents to relax and enjoy.Overall, the map demonstrates the significant changes that have occurred in the town over the past ten years. The expansion of the town and the improvement of the road network have made it easier for residents to get around, while the addition of new facilities such as a school and a hospital has improved the quality of life in the town.2。

【9分作文盛宴】考官华丽雅思小作文详解6：地图题Simon是英国曼彻斯特的前雅思考官，由于创办雅思考试学习网站而在全世界的考生中越来越有名气。

其网站上提供大量关于复习雅思的技巧以及颠覆性的建议，甚至还有不少Simon本人亲笔写的满分作文。

这些满分作文由于出自英国考官之手，非常地道，言简意赅，和中国考生惯用的千篇一律的模板作文相比，着实让人眼前一亮。

点课台的Phoebe老师深感有义务要让孩子们接触到真正可以提分的好作文，所以以后会频繁地帮大家整理并总结这些满分作文的精华，相信大家都可以扔掉模板，写出高分作文!今天要分析的题目是地图——Maps。

有的学生说，地图题型相对不常见，所以备考可以忽略。

针对这种想法，Simon是这样说的：While it’s true that graphs andcharts are the most common types of question, I think it would be very unwise not to prepare for diagrams and maps too. What happens if you get one of these questions in your test and you haven’t prepared for it?虽然不常见，但是如果平时不做任何准备，万一考到后果不堪设想。

其实地图题并没有大家想象地那么难，只要花时间仔细研究一下Simon的范文，大家都能写出一篇好作文。

请看今天的题目，就是下面这个地图：写作文之前，要先Plan your structure，Simon建议地图题依然沿用4段式：1. Introduction: what does the chart show?2. Overview / summary: what are the most noticeable features?3. Specific details: try to write 2 paragraphs.接下来说地图题最难的地方——如何准确读出图中所给信息，我们就先来分析一下，从这个地图上我们可写的信息有哪些，首先地图上为数不多的单词或数字不可遗漏，上方那句是说这张图展现了一个叫做Chorleywood的村庄在1868年到1994年之间的发展情况。