制造计划与控制CH_7
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:270.39 KB
- 文档页数:29
制造工作计划一、目标和目的。
我们的目标是制造高质量的产品,提高生产效率,降低成本,以满足客户需求。
本工作计划的目的是确保所有制造工作按照计划进行,保证产品质量和交货时间。
二、工作范围。
1. 制定生产计划,根据客户订单和市场需求,制定每月的生产计划,确定生产数量和交货时间。
2. 资源准备,确保生产所需的原材料、设备和人力资源充足,以保证生产计划的顺利执行。
3. 生产过程管理,监督生产过程,确保生产按照标准操作程序进行,质量符合标准。
4. 故障处理,及时处理生产设备故障,以确保生产不受影响。
5. 成本控制,监控生产成本,寻求降低成本的途径,提高生产效率。
三、时间安排。
1. 每周一,制定下周生产计划。
2. 每日早上,检查生产设备运行情况。
3. 每月底,对上月生产情况进行总结和分析。
四、责任人。
1. 生产计划制定,生产计划部门负责人。
2. 资源准备,采购部门负责人。
3. 生产过程管理,生产部门主管。
4. 故障处理,设备维修部门负责人。
5. 成本控制,财务部门负责人。
五、风险控制。
1. 原材料供应不足,与供应商建立稳定的合作关系,提前做好原材料的储备。
2. 设备故障,定期对设备进行维护保养,及时处理设备故障,减少生产中断时间。
3. 人力不足,合理安排人员轮班,确保生产线的持续运转。
六、预算。
根据生产计划和成本控制情况,制定年度生产预算,确保生产成本在可控范围内。
七、总结。
本工作计划旨在提高生产效率,确保产品质量,降低生产成本,达到客户满意度。
通过团队合作和有效管理,我们相信可以顺利实现这些目标。
制造工作计划
1. 目标,提高生产效率,优化制造流程,确保产品质量。
2. 时间安排:
每周一至周五,8:00am-5:00pm,全天工作。
每周六,8:00am-12:00pm,进行设备维护和清洁。
3. 任务分配:
生产经理负责制定生产计划和监督生产进度。
设备维护人员负责设备的维护和保养工作。
生产员工负责具体的生产操作和质量检查。
4. 工作内容:
生产经理负责制定每日生产计划,并监督生产进度,确保按
时完成生产任务。
设备维护人员负责定期对生产设备进行维护和保养,确保设备正常运行。
生产员工负责按照生产计划进行生产操作,保证产品质量和生产效率。
5. 资源准备:
确保生产设备正常运行,及时采购所需的原材料。
提供员工所需的培训和技能提升机会,以提高生产效率和产品质量。
6. 风险控制:
定期进行安全检查,确保生产环境安全。
对原材料和成品进行质量检测,确保产品符合标准。
7. 监督与评估:
每月进行生产效率和产品质量的评估,及时调整生产计划和流程。
定期与员工进行沟通和反馈,了解他们的工作情况和需求。
8. 结束时间,定期评估并调整工作计划,以适应市场需求和公司发展。
生产运作管理课后计算机题及实践题(部分)答案一、计算题 第四章计算题1、一个制造厂计划在某车间旁增加一侧房,建一条新的生产线,……。
解:A 方案的月运输量是:(15+15)×2000+(15+10)×2000+(30+10)×3000+(15+10)×1000+(20+35)×3000 =420000(m ).B 方案的月运输量是:(25+35)×2000+(25+10)×2000+(10+10)×3000+(15+10)×1000+(10+25)×3000 =380000(m ).故B 方案的月运输量最小。
2、根据如下图所示的作业活动图,将9个部门安排在一个3×3的区域内……。
解:(1)列出关系密切程度分类表(只考虑A 好X)(2)据上表编制A 主关系簇和X 关系簇,如下图:(3)安置所以部门如右图:X 关系簇3、答案: 节拍为0.167分/件,31.86个工作日4、答案 :(2)节拍为0.25分/件,(3)最小工作地数为5 (4)重新组合的工作地为:(A,B),(C,D,E),(F,G),(H,I),(J),(K,L),效率为83.3%5、答案 :为A 第五章计算题:1、一个工作人员欲制定一个金属切削作业的时间定额…… 解:正常时间为:10.4×125%=13(分)标准时间为:13×(1+16%)=15.08(分) 2、观测一项作业,共60次…… 解:(1)观测到的时间:1.2分钟 (2)正常时间:1.2×95%=1.14分钟(3)标准时间:1.2×95%×(1+10%)=1.27分钟 3、答案:377分钟。
4、答案:5.85分钟。
5、一新达成的工会合同允许……解:正常工作时间:1461+=6.35460⨯⨯()(分) 标准作业时间:24+106.351+=7.2240+14()(分) 6、答案:57次观察。
制造工作计划
《制造工作计划》
制造工作计划是指在制造过程中确定生产目标、生产计划、生产任务等内容的计划。
制造工作计划是企业生产经营的重要组成部分,通过制造工作计划的编制和实施,可以合理安排生产活动,最大限度地提高生产效率,降低生产成本,提高产品质量,从而增加企业经济效益。
制造工作计划的编制需要综合考虑许多因素,首先要根据市场需求以及企业自身的生产能力确定生产目标和生产计划,在这个基础上进行生产任务的分解和安排。
同时,还要考虑原材料的供应周期、工艺流程、设备利用率、人力资源等方面的因素,确保生产计划的顺利实施。
在制造工作计划的实施过程中,需要密切关注生产过程的各项指标,并根据实际情况及时调整和优化生产计划,确保生产活动的顺利进行。
同时,还要加强对生产过程中各种风险的管理和控制,确保生产过程的安全可靠。
制造工作计划对于企业的发展具有重要意义,通过科学合理的制造工作计划,可以提高企业的生产效率、降低生产成本,从而提升企业的市场竞争力。
因此,企业需要重视制造工作计划的编制和实施,不断完善和优化制造工作计划,以适应市场的竞争和需求,实现企业的可持续发展。
制造工作计划一、目标。
制定并执行一个有效的制造工作计划,以确保生产过程的高效性和质量。
二、任务。
1. 分析生产需求和资源。
调查市场需求,确定产品生产数量和时间表。
评估现有资源,包括设备、人力和原材料。
2. 设定生产计划。
制定生产时间表和生产流程。
分配生产任务和责任。
3. 确保生产设备和工具的正常运行。
定期检查设备,确保其正常运行。
维护设备,修理和更换损坏的部件。
4. 管理生产过程。
监督生产进度,及时调整生产计划。
解决生产过程中出现的问题和障碍。
5. 控制生产质量。
设立质量标准,确保产品符合要求。
进行质量检查,及时发现和解决质量问题。
6. 提高生产效率。
优化生产流程,减少浪费。
培训员工,提高生产技能和效率。
三、时间安排。
每月初制定当月生产计划。
每周对生产进度和质量进行检查。
每季度评估生产效率和质量,调整工作计划。
四、预算。
确保生产计划符合预算要求。
控制成本,提高资源利用效率。
五、风险管理。
分析可能的风险和问题,制定相应的解决方案。
预防和应对可能影响生产的风险。
六、执行。
分配任务和责任,确保工作计划的执行。
监督和指导员工,确保生产过程的顺利进行。
七、评估。
定期评估生产效率和质量,总结经验教训。
不断优化工作计划,提高生产效率和质量。
八、沟通。
与相关部门和人员保持良好的沟通,协调生产过程中的各项工作。
以上为制造工作计划,希望能够顺利执行并达到预期目标。
生产运作管理课后计算机题及实践题(部分)答案一、计算题 第四章计算题1、一个制造厂计划在某车间旁增加一侧房,建一条新的生产线,……。
解:A 方案的月运输量是:(15+15)×2000+(15+10)×2000+(30+10)×3000+(15+10)×1000+(20+35)×3000 =420000(m )。
B 方案的月运输量是:(25+35)×2000+(25+10)×2000+(10+10)×3000+(15+10)×1000+(10+25)×3000 =380000(m )。
故B 方案的月运输量最小。
2、根据如下图所示的作业活动图,将9个部门安排在一个3×3的区域内……。
解:(1)列出关系密切程度分类表(只考虑A 好X)(2)据上表编制A 主关系簇和X 关系簇,如下图:(3)安置所以部门如右图:3、答案: 节拍为0。
167分/件,31.86个工作日X 关系簇4、答案:(2)节拍为0.25分/件,(3)最小工作地数为5 (4)重新组合的工作地为:(A,B),(C,D,E),(F,G),(H,I),(J),(K,L),效率为83。
3%5、答案:为A第五章计算题:1、一个工作人员欲制定一个金属切削作业的时间定额……解:正常时间为:10。
4×125%=13(分)标准时间为:13×(1+16%)=15。
08(分)2、观测一项作业,共60次……解:(1)观测到的时间:1。
2分钟(2)正常时间:1.2×95%=1。
14分钟(3)标准时间:1。
2×95%×(1+10%)=1.27分钟3、答案:377分钟.4、答案:5。
85分钟。
5、一新达成的工会合同允许……解:正常工作时间:(分)标准作业时间:6、答案:57次观察。
7、答案:37个周期.8、在一个对航空特快货运飞机……解:(1)闲置时间百分数的估计值是:6/60=10%(2)大约需要的观测次数为:第六章计算题:1、答案:(1)依题意以∝=0。
制造工作计划
日期,2022年1月1日至2022年12月31日。
目标,提高生产效率,降低成本,保证产品质量。
1. 制定生产计划。
每月初制定当月生产计划,包括生产数量、生产周期、原材料需求等。
根据市场需求和销售预测,调整生产计划。
2. 管理原材料采购。
定期评估原材料库存情况,确保原材料充足。
寻找优质供应商,降低原材料采购成本。
3. 优化生产流程。
定期对生产流程进行评估,找出存在的问题并进行改进。
提高设备利用率,减少生产中的浪费。
4. 提高员工技能。
组织培训课程,提高员工生产技能和质量意识。
激励员工提出改进建议,鼓励员工参与生产流程优化。
5. 加强质量管理。
设立质量检测点,确保产品质量符合标准。
对产品进行抽样检测,及时发现质量问题并进行处理。
6. 节约能源和资源。
制定节能减排方案,降低生产过程中的能源消耗。
提倡员工节约用水、用电等资源,减少浪费。
7. 定期评估工作计划执行情况。
每季度对工作计划执行情况进行评估,及时发现问题并进行调整。
根据评估结果,制定下一阶段的工作计划和目标。
本工作计划将由生产部门负责执行,并将定期与其他相关部门进行沟通和协调,以确保工作计划的顺利执行。
Integrated MPC Systems❑MPC design options❑Choosing the options❑The choices in practice❑Integrating MRP and JITMPC Design OptionsBasic MPC systemResource PlanningOroduction PlanningDemand ManagementMaster ProductionSchedulingDetailed MaterialPlanningDetailed CapacityPlanning Material and Capacity PlansVender SystemsShop-floor Systems Front EndEngineBack EndMPS OptionsFor make-to-orderEncompass preproduction engineering design activity as well as mfg and supplier operationsCustomer order is the unit of controlOrder backlog is criticalPlanning BOM is used to estimate times and priotitize design effortUncertaintyMPS OptionsFor assemble-to-orderLead time exceeds that desired by customerVariety and cost of end products preclude investment in finished-goods inventoryThere are optionsFAS is the key control pointPlanning BOM: based on the average products and optionsThe key is product mix rather than product volumeMPS OptionsFor make-to-stockMPS is stated in end productsProducts are produced for forecastsOrders are filled from inventory for short delivery Order promising are not necessaryMust provide monitoring forecasts’ accuracyMPS OptionsBasis MTO ATO MTSControl point Backlog FAS Forecast MPS unit Order Options End items Product level End product Intermediate End product MPS featureOrder promising High Low Forecast accuracy Low High Planning BOM Yes Yes No Uncertainty High LowDelivery to customer Make to orderon timeMake to orderon timeReplenishmentorderDetailed Material Planning OptionsTime-phased planningComponents are carried out with MRP approachesProcess design is based on batch manufacturingMaterial explosion through BOMLead times, safety stocks determine order releasedatesLot size formulas determine order quantityPlanning is carried out level by level basisHigh inventoryDetailed Material Planning OptionsRate-based planning: used byRepetitive manufacturingAssembly linesJust-in-timeOther flow systemSingle-level planning BOMHigh rate of material flowDetailed Material Planning OptionsBasis Time-phased Rate-basedControl point Shop/purchase orderControl unit BatchesProduct level Time-based net Rate-based Material planning featuresFixed schedule No YesWIP High LowUpdating Daily/weekly Weekly/monthly Inventory netting Performed NoneLead time offsetting Performed NoneLot sizing Performed NoneSafety stock/lead time Considered Not considered Container size Not considered ConsideredBOM Many levels Single levelShop-Floor OptionA variety of systems, manual or computer-based, existMRP drivenSupport batch manufacturing operationsObjective is to coordinate the sequencing of ordersand to utilize each work center effectivelyLarge data base is requiredThe flow of materials is controlled with dispatchingrulesShop-Floor OptionJIT drivenBased on minimal flow times for the entire product Emphasis on end items with the scheduling ofindividual operationsCellular manufacturing technologyControl by kanban cards, containers, and othersignalsSequencing is not an issueOrder tracking is nonexistentPull and push conceptFeatures of shop-floor system approachesBasis MRP JITControl basis Work center capacityutilization Overall product flowtimesUnits of control Shop orders Kaban Cards orcontainersProduct level Operations scheduled ateach work centerAs required to replenish downstreamShop floor system featureControl of materialflow Work center dispatchingrulesInitiated bydownstream kabansSequencing procedure Due-date orienteddispatching rulesNot an issueFeatures of shop-floor system approachesShop floor systemfeatureMRP JITOrder tracking Transaction by operationand stocking pointsNoneMonitoring and feedback Input/output and shopload reportFocus on overallresultOrder completion Shop order close-out instock roomNoneAchieving delivery reliability Batch order status report Through flow ofmaterialLot size Large Small WIP and safetystockLarge NegligibleChoosing the OptionsThe conclusion of toward JIT is “good” is not correctThe key is the MPC system should match the ongoing needs of:Company’s marketThe task of manufacturingThe manufacturing processMarket RequirementsMPC design is influenced by market requirement Review customers and market segments Continuously review and adapt marketing strategies toExploit opportunitiesSolve new problems: for example to improve customer serviceRedesign the MPC system and the manufacturingprocessConcept of business process reengineeringMarket Requirements MPC design choicesMarketrequirementsManufacturingtaskManufacturing process designMPCsystem designDesiredMPC systemExistingMPC systemBusinessspecificationsThe Manufacturing Task Develop statement of mfg task to seeIf to satisfy customers on JIT basisIf quality is the way to win ordersIf the targeted customers are moving towardcustomizationThe task capability should include (Hill)Volume and delivery flexibilityLow-cost productionCritical quality specificationsOther capabilityManufacturing Process Design Large investment and last for a long time for most firmsInterdependency between MPC and process designJIT means cellular manufacturingShort lead time means rate-based detailed material planningQuality improvement by process design rather than complex schedulingSimultaneous changes in market requirement, mfg process and mfg task definitionMPS optionsStrategic variablesMaster scheduling approaches MTO ATO MTSMarket Req.Productdesign Custom Standardvariety Wide Narrow Volume per period Low High DeliverySpeed Schedule Reduce LT Eliminate LTReliability Difficult StraightforwardMfg Process choice Low-volume High-volume Fluctuations OrderBacklogWIP or goodsinventoryGoodsinventoryMaterial planning optionsStrategic variables Time phased Rate basedMarket Req.Product Design Custom StandardVariety Wide Narrow Volume per period Low High Ability for mix change High potential Limited Delivery Speed Scheduling/excess capacityInventorySchedulechangesDifficult StraightforwardMfgProcess choice Batch Line Sourceof costreductionOverhead No YesInventory No YesUtilization Yes NoMPC System Design Shop floor system optionsStrategic variables MRP based JIT basedMarket Req.Product Design Custom StandardVariety Wide Narrow Volume per period Low High Accom.DemandchangesT. volume Easy/incremental Difficult/steppedMix High Low Delivery Speed Schedule InventorySch. changes More difficult Less difficultMfgProcess choice Low batch High batch/line Changeover cost High Low Organizational control Centralized decentralized WIP High LowS. of costreductionOverheads Low HighInventory Low HighThe Choice in PracticeMPC for Three firmsMTOATOMTSTime phased Rate basedMRP basedJIT basedMPS approachDetailed material Planning approach Shop-floor system approachMoogAppliconKawasakiThe Choice in Practice Moog, Figure 9.10Kawasaki, Figure 9.11Applicon, Figure 9.12The need to integrateFirms installing MRP are in the process ofimplementing some aspect of JITTo meet world class standardCompetitionConflict exists: example----a European company ❑Time for high-volume component to increased demand issignificant reduced❑Set up time and run time are reduced by design and process improvement❑Lot sizes were reduced❑But lead time was not significant reducedPhysical changesCut the number of times a lot has to be logged into and out of an inventory locationEffective schedulingCellular manufacturingTechniques: phantom billsStrategyJIT could be implemented in firms with no formal PMC system, but difficult❑Need the discipline for JITNeed to realize JIT encompasses much more thanMPCStart to work on cellular manufacturingImproved quality is a fundamental underpinning to JIT Every company is evolving from MRP to JIT。
工厂专用词汇中越对照全文共四篇示例,供读者参考第一篇示例:工厂是工业生产中的重要环节,而工厂专用词汇则是在工厂生产过程中经常使用的术语。
随着国际交流的增加,中越之间的合作也愈发频繁,因此了解中越工厂专用词汇的对照关系对于促进双方合作具有重要意义。
接下来,我们将介绍一些常用的工厂专用词汇,分别列出中文和越南文作对照。
让我们从工厂常见的各个部门和岗位开始。
1. 生产部门- 制造部门(Phòng sản xuất)- 装配部门(Phòng lắp ráp)- 仓储部门(Phòng kho)2. 质量管理部门- 质量控制(Kiểm soát chất lượng)- 质检员(Người kiểm tra chất lượng)3. 设备维护部门- 设备维修(Sửa chữa thiết bị)- 设备保养(Bảo dưỡng thiết bị)4. 人力资源部门- 人力资源(Nhân sự)- 人事部(Phòng nhân sự)接下来是一些关于生产过程中常用的词汇。
1. 原材料- 原料(Nguyên liệu)- Nguyên vật liệu2. 半成品- 半成品(Bán thành phẩm)- Sản phẩm thô4. 生产计划- 生产计划(Kế hoạch sản xuất)- Kế hoạch sản xuất对于工厂的设备和机器,以下是一些常用词汇。
1. 机器- 机器(Máy móc)- Máy móc4. 控制面板- 控制面板(Bảng điều khiển)- Bảng điều khiển让我们来看一些关于工厂管理和沟通的词汇。
1. 工厂经理- 工厂经理(Giám đốc nhà máy)- Giám đốc nhà máy2. 员工- 员工(Nhân viên)- Nhân viên4. 会议- 会议(Cuộc họp)- Cuộc họp通过以上对比,我们可以看到中越工厂专用词汇之间存在一定的相似性,这为中越工厂之间的合作提供了更好的沟通基础。
Production Planning❑Production Planning in the Firm ▪What▪How❑Production Planning Process ❑Management Obligations❑Operating PP SystemsPP in the FirmProvides key communication links from top management to manufacturingDetermines the basis for focusing the detailed production resources to achieve strategic objectivesProvides the framework for MPS developing so toPlan and control subsequent MPS decisionMaterial resourcesPlant capacitySales and Operations PlanningPP is a misnomerShould be sales and operations planningIt establishes the company’s objectives in total Sales/marketing objectivesCost and schedule objectives in manufacturingInventory/financial objectivesAll are integrated with a strategic viewManagementMarketing planning Top management"The game plan"FinancialplanningProductionplanningResource planningDemandmanagement MasterproductionschedulingMPCboundaryManagement Communicates between top management and manufacturingMany key linkages are outside of MPCThe game planThe overall context with which trade-offs are made and PP developed is called game planningReflects the strategy and tactics the are doableNot a set of uncoordinated wishesManagementProduction PlanThe manufacturing part of the game planNot a forecast of demand, but planned production,may be less or excess of aggregate demandBe consistent for each basic functional areaResolution of broad trade-offs at the top management Suppose there is an opportunity to expand into a new marketIt requires additional productionAnd decreasing production for some other products If undesirable, a new game plan is requiredManagementPP states the mission manufacturing must accomplishIt should be stated inDollars or aggregate units of output per month, while MPS the units per weeksIt may break the total output down by individual factories or major product lineOr total units for each product lineExperience indicates that 5 to 15 family groups a right for top management to handleProduction Planning and MPCPP MPSMPS is a disaggregation of PPDrives the detailed scheduling through detailed material planning PP demand managementDemand management encompasses❑Order entry❑Order promising❑Physical distribution coordination❑ForecastDemand management captures all source of demandMatch between actual and forecast demand is monitoredPP should changes the plans based on the monitoringProduction Planning and MPCPP resource planningResource planning encompasses long-range planning of facilityIn short term, resource planning is a set of constraints to production planningIn the longer run, to the extent that PP calls for more resources than available are indicatedThe key goal is to answer what-if questionsPP material planningPerformance measuringPayoffsIt provides interactions between marketing, production, and finance, otherwise a poor performanceUnder PP mfg is to hit the schedule, so eliminates the battle over ”ownership”It provides the trade-off decision in the use of capacity Without PP, job will be done at a priceExtra inventoryPoor customer serviceExcess capacityLong lead timesPanic operationsPoor response to new opportunitiesThe PP Process Routinizing production and game planning Basic trade-offsEvaluate alternativesRoutinizingBegin with an updated sales forecastForecast covering the next year or twoAdd or subtract the desired increases or decreases to inventory or backlog levels----production planThe most immediate portion of this plan cannot be changedIt should be done on a regular, routine cycleBenefitInstitutionalize the processForce a consideration of changed conditions and trade-offsKeep information channels open for forecast changesEnsure a separation between forecasts and the planRoutinizingCycle frequencyDiffer from firm to firmHigh cost to planning: data gathering, meeting,analysis, and other activitiesDelaying increases the chance of significant deviation Review plan monthly, revise quarterly, or whennecessaryReplan when conditions indicate that it is necessaryA month cycle at Ethan Allen, Fig. 7.2Monthly sales forecast: Total = $130 million1234567891011121314157.6168.410.29.011.87.08.612.614.412.815.611.8JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecCumulative chart for two alternatives130120110100908070605040302010Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecAlternativesPure chase by hire-fire as requiredChase by overtime-undertime with constant workforceLevel production with constant work forceA mixed strategy❑Hiring from January to May----chase❑Keeping the work force with level production from May to August ❑Hiring to the force as required in September❑Level production from October to November❑Firing in December so the inventory is 0 at the endBasic calculationTotal work hours=130×106÷30=4,333,333Hours per day = 4,333,333 ÷ 243 = 17,832Work force = 17832 ÷ 8 =2,229Pure chase strategyWork hours for a month = forecast sales ÷ 30 (7600000 ÷ 30 = 253,333 for January)Work hours per day = work hour for the month ÷number of work days (253,333 ÷ 20 =12,667 for Jan.)Work force = Work hours per day ÷ 8 (12667 ÷ 8 = 1583 for January)Work force for February = 8.4 ×106÷30 ÷ 21 ÷8=1667Pure chase strategyWork force for February = 8.4 ×106÷30 ÷ 21 ÷8=1667 Work force for March = 10.2 ×106÷30 ÷ 23 ÷8=1848 Work force for April = 9.0 ×106÷30 ÷ 20 ÷8=1875Work force for May = 11.8 ×106÷30 ÷ 22 ÷8=2235Work force for June = 7.0 ×106÷30 ÷ 22 ÷8=1326Hiring February = 1667 – 1583 =84Hiring March = 1848 -1667 = 181Hiring April = 1875 -1848 = 27Hiring May = 2235 -1875 = 360Firing June = 2235 -1326 = 909Chase by overtime-undertimeWork hours for January=1583÷2229×40=28.4Work hours for February=1667÷2229×40=29.6Work hours for March=1848÷2229×40=33.1Work hours for May=2235÷2229×40=40.2Level productionInventory for Jan=2229 ×20 ×8 ×30-7600000=3.0992 millionInventory for Feb=2229 ×21 ×8 ×30-8400000=5.933 millionInventory for Mar=2229 ×23 ×8 ×30-10200000=8.037 millionBasic Trade-OffsMonth Hours Work days Force Week hour Level inven. Jan25320158328.43099 Feb28021166729.65933 Mar34023184833.18037 Apr30020187533.79737 May39322223540.29706 Jun23322132623.914475 Jul28710358364.411224 Aug42023228341.010929 Sep48020300053.87228 Oct42722242443.56197 Nov52720329259.11096 Dec39320245844.20 Total4333243222940.07053Pure chase by overtime-undertimeCost for January=0Cost for February=84×200=$16800Cost for June=909×300=$454500Total =$2,708,300Chase by overtime-undertimeCost for Jan=646×200+(40-28.4)÷5×20×3×2229=$439477Cost for Feb= (40-29.6)÷5×21×3×2229=$292088 Cost for July= (64.4-40)÷5×10×2.5×2229=$271938 Total=$2,801,280Level productionCost for January=646×200+3099000 ×0.02= $191,180 Cost for February= 5933000 ×0.02= $118,660Total=1,882,420Mixed strategyFrom Jan to May, September and December the costs can be calculated as the same as pure chaseFrom June to August, October and November, thecosts can be calculated as the same as levelproductionTotal = $641,155Evaluating Alternatives Month Hire-fire Over-under Level Mixed. Jan439477191180Feb1680029208811866016800 Mar3620021224516074036200 Apr54001685121947405400 May7200049041941272000 Jun45450047370728950096020 Jul45140027193822448031300 Aug6500002563321858026040 Sep14340030760214456098820 Oct2880008581712394033200 Nov1736004257392192090875 Dec417000936180135000 Total270830028012801882420641155Top-management roleCommit to the game-planning process ❑Routine: getting forecast, set meeting, prepare plans❑Measurement of performanceForce the resolution of trade-off between functionsMake plans in an integrated fashionFunctional rolesHit the plan for all functions: mfg, sales, engineering, financeCommunication when something will prevent hitting the planBudgeting: integrate with game plan and department plansIntegrate marketing and production---mfg: hitschedule, sales: good order promiseIntegrating Strategic Planning Can be down in different waysOne uses a bottom-up processAn extrapolation of the departmental budgetsIntegrate these bottom-up extrapolation into a wholeAnother is based on the plan more on products and less on organizational unitsProducts are grouped into SBUEvaluated in terms of its strengths and weakness vis-à-vis competitors’ similar SBUBudgetary process is done on an SBU basis rather than an organizational unit basisImportant these planning effort by Game planning and departmental plansWidely disseminate the plan for understanding Periodic report: the example at TennantConformity of MPS to PP----weeklyCapacity utilization----weeklyDelivery performance----dailyActual production to MPS performance----weeklyInventory/backlog performance----weeklyControl the changeKey issues: when to change, how often to replan, how stable to keepStable plan results in far fewer execution problemAt Tennant, changes are batched up until next viewTennant provides flexibility by planning adequateinventoriesSome companies use time fenceJIT is increasingly adopted---a stable planStable plan may increase inventoriesOperating the PP SystemsPP at CompugraphicThe architecture for planning, Figures 7.8 and 7.9 A committee for the responsibility of all the activity Some records, Figure 7.10Mohawk’s integrated planning processElectric productsLead time exceeds the delivery time: MTSPP and MPS are done quarterlyHill-Rom’s use of planning BOM。