(全国通用)2019版高考英语一轮复习提分单元加餐练第五辑Unit5Firstaid新人教版必修5

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解AThe best reporters I know are bright, persistent, honest, curious and courageous. If you asked them to explain their success, this is what they might say：Helen: A good reporter is a generalist, able to deal with a number of topics and talk with a variety of people. He or she can see the unusual, the ironic (讽刺的) in the everyday things. She can think through all the possibilities and organize a large amount of information to find the important parts.Jack: A good reporter is quick. Once he is assigned a story, he goes after it. He makes the calls and keeps trying if he doesn't make contact with the people he wants to interview. Besides, a good reporter is curious. He or she takes pleasure in the new, and in the old, in the history or previous examples that got us where we are. He enjoys reading and appreciates the details.Susan: A good reporter is pleasant. She adopts a friendly nature with those she meets. She is a grateful guest, with a belief in the basic goodness of people. She conveys to those she meets that she is tolerant of them and their ideas, even though she doesn't like them or what they stand for.Tom: A good reporter is honest. He seeks the truth and acts independently. He does what he says he's going to do, and doesn't do anything he promised to avoid. He returns his calls, and he's willing tosay no. He is obsessed with accuracy and double checks his facts with call-backs. He sees both sides to every issue.Richard: As Jon Frankli n, reporter, author and teacher, said, “Back when I first started, I thought intelligence was the most important attribute a reporter could have. I have since changed my mind. You do have to be intelligent, but the big thing is courage. Courage to open your mind and let the whole confusing world in. Courage to take criticism. Courage to grow with your experiences. Courage to accept what you don't understand. Most of all, courage to see what is there and not what you want to think is there.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

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必修 5 Unit 5 First aid（限时35分钟）I •阅读理解No one enjoys hearing the sound of someone else chewing their food. Most of the time, though, it's not that big a deal but a minor annoyance.But for a small group of people with misophonia （恐音症），the sound can be painful, causing extreme anger and deep discomfort・The most ordinary sounds of chewing and breathing can drive them crazy. Past attempts to explain the causes of misophonia have suggested everything from compulsive disorder to an easily ・annoyed personality一but according to a study published yesterday in the journal Current Biology, the true criminal is the structure of the brain.For the study, a team of researchers led by Newcastle University neuroscientist Sukhbinder Kumar recruited （招募）42 volunteers, of whom around half had extreme misophonia and the other half served as the control group, and played them several different noises: some ordinary; some harsh, like the sound of a person screaming; and some that were ordinary for the control group but known to be annoying for misophonics, people withmisophonia, like the sound of breathing. As the participants listened, the researchers monitored them for signs of anxiety, both physical symptoms and behavioral expressions, and observed their brain activity using FMRI scans・The only significant difference in reaction between the two groups happened, during the misophonia-specific sounds, when those with the condition showed physical changes that suggested they were entering fight-or-flight mode.Misophonics had increased activity in the AIC, an area known to play a central role in the system that determines which things we should pay attention to. When the trigger sounds were played, there was not only more activity in this region but also abnormally high levels of connection to other regions.Misophonia, in other words, may be a result of misplaced attention the brain of a misophonic focuses on things that other people normally tune out （不予理会）.On a related note, on behalf of misophonics and manners-minded moms everywhere: Please, chew with your mouth closed.【文章大意】主要讲述了一些恐音症患者对某些细小的声音都会有极大的反应，文中讲述了其发生的原因。

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解AMandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington DC.And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she's not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.“It's very different from their normal call，” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs (monkey-like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual.”But you can't see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you? Maybe you can—if you're an animal. “Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing，”said Brandie Smith. “That's part of their special abilities. They're more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”Primates weren't the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound. And a huge lizard (蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes (a kind of birds) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.So what kind of vibrations (震动) were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake? Scientist Susan Hough said earthquakes produce two types of waves—a weak “P” wave and then a much stronger “S” wave. The “P” stands for “primary”. And the “S” stands for “secondary”. She thinks the “P” wave might be what sets the animals off.Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. Forexample, Smith said the zoo's giant pandas didn't jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “I'm not surprised at all，”Smith said.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

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单元加餐练Ⅰ.完形填空(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids__1__ “The Thinking Laboratory.” That was the __2__students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too__3__ .Freddy was an average __4__ , but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion (同情). He would__5__the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone's __6__ .Before the school year __7__ , I gave the kids a special __8__ , T­shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your __9__ ” on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs (动词) may seem dull, most of the __10__ things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.Through the years, I'd run into former students who would provide __11__on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his __12__from high school and remained the same __13__person I met forty years before. Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man __14__ in his truck. Another time, he __15__a friend money to buy a house.Just last year, I was __16__a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __17__the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and __18__it up. Inside were the “Verbs” shirt and a __19__from Freddy's mother. “Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this.”I told the story to the class. As sad as it was, I couldn't help smiling. Although Freddy was taken from us, we all __20__something from Freddy.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

Unit 5 First aid阅读理解组块专练——练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AMost buildings are built to stand up straight, but these look as if they might fall over!The church tower of SuurhusenBuilt in 1450, the 27­metre­high church tower lies in Suurhusen, Germany. It was built in wet land on foundations of oak tree trunks (树干). When the land was drained (排水) later, the wood broke down, causing one side of the tower to be a little lower than the other. In 1975, the tower became a real hazard and people were not allowed to enter until the foundations were made strong again. The lean (倾斜) of the tower is now about five degrees.The Leaning Tower of PisaThe work of building the tower began in 1173, and was finally completed in 1372. In fact, it began to lean after just a couple of floors were built. And this condition continued in the centuries after its completion. The tower was finally closed to the public in 1990 after people failed to stabilize (使稳固) its foundations. In 2001, it was reopened after engineers removed soil from underneath its raised side. Now it leans just an angle of 3.97 degrees.Capital Gate of Abu DhabiCompleted in 2011, the Capital Gate tower in Abu Dhabi was designed to lean eighteen degrees. The building stands next to the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre and contains, among other things, a fine hotel with wonderful views of the harbour. Also known as the leaning tower of Abu Dhabi, the tower is one of the tallest buildings in the city.Big Ben of LondonThe building leans 0.26 degrees to the northwest. This was mainly caused by the engineering projects (项目) that have been carried out in the ground below it since the late 1800s. The tower, which has been continuously open since it was completed in 1858, has nowhere near the lean of the Tower of Pisa and is still completely safe to enter.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。

全国卷2019届高考英语一轮复习Unit5Firstaid课时作业新人教版必修5.docUnit 5 First aidⅠ.语法填空Last night my daughter Mary and I were in the mall picking up someChristmas cards 1.when she said ，“ Dad，I need to go to Build-A-Bear.You knowour school are collecting 2.bears (bear)for donation.，we”can“chooseOkay acheap one ，” I replied.，“it Nohas to be a good one from Build-A-Bear，” Maryspoke louder.“ Fine，we'll go and see if they have any 3.sales (sell)， but I'm notspending a lot of money，” I said.We got to Build-A-Bear and picked out the smallest ， cheapest bear ，4.which hadn't a matched dress.I told Mary we wouldn't get the be ar adress.Mary 5.stopped (stop) ，“ We're taking bears to the kids who will spendChristmas in the hospital and who won't get any Christmas toys.It's reallyimportant and I real ly want to get a teddy bear for 6.the m (they) ．You don't evenhave to spend money.I'll pay for it.You can take it out of my piggy bank.”While 7.trying (try) my hardest not to cry ， I turned around ，8.exchanging(exchange) the cheap bear for a normal sized teddy bear.Mary9.joyfully (joyful) helped dress the bear in a set of clothes.As we checked 10.out ，Mary took my credit card and paid happily.But shesaid ，“ I need to return it to you because it's for the kids in the hospital.”I have never been so proud of her.Ⅱ.短文改错I was playing at my cousin house.Since his family was rich than mine，hehad more toys than I did.There was one on particular I'd always wanted.I putinto my pocket when he wasn't looking.I guessed，even at that age，I wouldnever be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again; I wouldalways know I'd done something te on ，my aunt drove me home.Whenshe dropped me off ， I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.She knows whathad happened ，but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.答案：I was playing at my house.Since his family was thanmine ，he had more toys than I did.There was one particular I'd always wanted.I put into my pocket when he wasn't looking.I guessed，even at that age ，I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or my cousin again; I would always know I'd done something wrong.on ，my aunt drove me home.When she dropped me off，I pulled out the toyand gave it back.She what had happened，but she thanked me andmentioned it again.Ⅲ.书面表达若是你是李华，获悉你校英语学习社团准备创立一份中学生英文校刊以促使大家的英语学习。

Unit 5 First aidⅠ.阅读理解(2015北京,A)The Boy Made It!One Sunday,Nicholas,a teenager,went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine.In the early afternoon,when he was planning to go home,a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.Unable to see far,he accidentally turned off the path.Before he knew it,Nicholas was lost,all alone! He didn’t have food,water,a phone,or other supplies.He was getting colder by the minute.Nicholas had no idea where he was.He tried not to panic.He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop skiing.There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put.The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.If he didn’t,his body temperature would get very low,which could quickly kill him.Using his skis,Nicholas built a snow cave.He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle.Then he piled branches on top of himself,like a blanket,to stay as warm as he could.By that evening,Nicholas was really hungry.He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water.Not knowing how much longer he could last,Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled(蜷缩)in his cave and slept.T he next day,Nicholas went out to look for help,but he couldn’t find anyone.He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave,because without shelter,he could die that night.OnTuesday,Nicholas went out again to find help.He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.After two days stuck in the snow,Nicholas was saved.Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs.Wild.That’s where he learned the tips that save d his life.In each episode(一期节目)of Man vs. Wild,Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds,he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.1.What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?A.He got lost.B.He broke his skis.C.He hurt his eyes.D.He caught a cold.2.How did Nicholas keep himself warm?A.He found a shelter.B.He lighted some branches.C.He kept on skiing.D.He built a snow cave.3.On Tuesday,Nicholas .A.returned to his shelter safelyB.was saved by a searcherC.got stuck in the snowD.stayed where he was4.Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he .A.did the right things in the dangerous situationB.watched Grylls’ TV program regularlyC.created some tips for survivalD.was very hard-workingⅡ.语法填空(2018河南南阳一中高三实验班第一次考试)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Unit 5 First Aid李仕才一、阅读理解。

Belgium is the land of music festivals. There are rock, pop, world, electronic music festivals and more, so you' re sure to find a festival that suits your taste- GroezrockGroezrock could be considered the opener of the festival season in Belgium・ This festival grew from a small eve nt to am interrmtional festival that had 33, 000 visitors in 2016・ If you，re into the harder stuff（东西），this is where you need to go.When? April 29-30, 2017. Where? Meerhout. Music? Punk, emo, ska and rock in all its variations. Free? No.Sfinks MixedSfinks is a world music festival that focuses on bringing culture together. There are also plenty of things to do besides watching the performances. Good to know for families: Sfinks is a kid-friendly festival, with workshops, storytelling and performances aimed at chi 1dren.When? July 27-30, 2017. Where? Boechout. Music? World. Free? The festival is free; the camping is not・Graspop Metal MeetingIf Groezrock doest seem rough enough to you, Graspop Metal Meeting might. As the name says, this festival is al 1 about metal, rock and punk. Tn 2016 the festival received 140,000 visitors who came to watch the more than 100 bands performing.When? June 16T& 2017. Where? Dessel. Music? Metal. Free? No.Genk on StageGenk on Stage is a pop musical with not only a lot of Belgian artists, but also some international names< 80,000 people attended Genk on Stage in 2016.When? June 23-25, 2017. Where? Genk. Music? Pop. Free? Yes.1.Which may kick off the festival season in Belgium?A. Groezrock・B・ Sfinks Mixed・C. Graspop Metal Meeting.D. Genk on Stage.2. What do we know about Sfinks Mixed? A .It enjoys worldwide popularity. kids.of music.3. Where are crazy metal music enthusiasts most likely to go? A. Meerhout. D. Dessel.【语篇解读】本文为应用文，涉及音乐节话题。

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance，and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It's Jason Moran's job to help change that . As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，”Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. “What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's a ctually color, and it's actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，”says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，”says Moran. “For me, it's the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts？Sometimeswe lose sight that the music has a wider context，”says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

Unit 5 First Aid一、阅读理解。

The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at home with her parents. All she’s ever wanted to do is to become an elementary school teacher. However, Hipp has racked up(累计) $100,000 (about 0.67 million yuan) in student loan debt and isn’t able to earn enough through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server to live anywhere other than home.To some degree, multigenerational households have always been a part of American life. However, the number of adults who have been moving back in with their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily.The Pew Research Center recently reported that 2016 was a milestone in the evolving living arrangements of young adults in the US. Until 2016, the most common living arrangement for young adults was to be living in their own property as part of a couple. UBS Financial Services, a Swiss global financial services company, released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesn’t want them to leave. The report shows that 74 percent of millennials(千禧一代) get some kind of financial support from their parents after college. Millennials see their parents as peers, friends and mentors(导师). In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them. Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Groupin the US, said “Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesn’t necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest, he said. “They may like living at home and being able to save money.”He added, “While it has held back household formation and purchases on things, they are probably traveling more and eating out more. I don’t know if it represents a change in moral values, it’s much more common for adult children to live in their parent’s homes because it’s becoming part of the culture.”1.What’s the purpose of Caitlin Hipp’s story?A. To prove the author’s view.B. To introduce her situation.C. To present the topic.D. To make readers rethink about the problem.2.What does the underlined part (Paragraph1) probably refer to?A. live with parentsB. live independentlyC. stay at homeD. leave home3.According to Hoffman, which of the following is true?A. It isn’t necessary for millennials to leave the nest.B. They can spend less money on their daily life.C. Moral values are changing gradually.D. Young adults are living in a different life style.4.What’s the main idea of the passage?A. Why is the number of the millennial growing steadily?B. Why has the percentage of adults living with their parents been on the rise?C. Why are parents willing to help fund for young adults?D. Why do more adults treat their parents as peers, friends and guides?【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在美国，现在和父母同住的年轻人的数量持续增加这一社会现象。

First Aid李仕才一、阅读理解。

Many people have bought insurance，either life or property(财产)，commercial or compulsory.Yet some people know little about it and some even misunderstand its nature and function.Insurance is the sharing of risks.Nearly everyone is exposed to a risk of some sort.The house owner，for example，knows that his property can be damaged by fire；the shipowner knows that his ships may be lost at sea；the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family poorer.On the other hand，not every house is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at sea.If these persons each put a small amount of money into a pool，there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses.In other words，the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many.This is the basis of insurance.Those who pay the contribution are known as the insured and those who managethe_pool_of_contributions_as insurers.The legal basis of all insurance is the policy.This is a printed form of contract on a piece of paper in best quality.It states that every year the insured shall pay an amount of money，which is called the premium；in return，the insurer will pay an amount of money or compensation for losses if the risk or event insured against actually happens.The premium for insurance naturally depends upon how likely the risk is to happen，as suggested by past experience.If companies fix their premiums too high，there will be more competition in their area of insurance and they may lose business.On the other hand，if they make the premium too low，they will lose money and may even have to drop out of business.So the ordinary forces of supply and demand keep premiums at a level satisfactory to both the insurer and the insured.1．The underlined phrase in Para.2 most probably means ________.A．money paid by the insurersB．each premiumC．money paid by all those insuredD．the cost of administering insurance2．Insurance premiums do not become too high because ________.A．not many people insure themselvesB．premiums depend on the risk of lossesC．insurers have to be more competitiveD．insurance companies can never lose money3．According to the passage，insurance business gains profit because ________.A．more and more people buy insuranceB．the firms have sound managementC．the premium is increased year by yearD．only a few of those insured suffer losses4．The purpose of the passage is to ________.A．explain an insurance policyB．introduce insurance businessC．persuade people to be insuredD．warn people of possible losses【解题导语】本文主要对保险进行了简要介绍。

Unit 5 First aid单元加餐练Ⅰ.完形填空I felt very depressed the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy, and I just didn't feel so __1__ .As I was sitting at my desk, I __2__ it was the birthday of a dear long­time friend—a single, middle­aged woman who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing and loving her __3__ .Knowing that she didn't have family in town, I __4__ to give her a call. Sure enough, she was on her shift, __5__ to work late into the evening, and wouldn't have __6__ of a birthday this year. As always, though, she __7__ cheerful and was happy that I __8__ .After I hung up, I couldn't __9__ the feeling that she would really appreciate a little attention on her special day. __10__ feeling a little depressed myself, I tried to put it out of my mind, but as the day passed, I couldn't shake the thought.I __11__ gave in, and set off to the hospital with a card, a cheese cake, and some balloons that evening. My friend's grateful smile and joyful surprise __12__ me that I'd done the right thing, and they were a generous __13__ for the little effort it had taken.When I got home, I realized that not only had I cheered up a __14__ friend on her birthday, but my own negative feelings had also disappeared. Making her day had __15__ my own! Isn't that the way it is __16__ we take the time and make the __17__ to do something for someone else? It's just like the saying, “Loving kindness is twice blessed; it blesses him who gives, and him who __18__ .”Cheering up people on their birthdays isn't the only thing we can do to make their day. Life constantly presents us with __19__ to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a difference to __20__ . And the wonderful thing is that as we do, it changes things for the better for us too.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

单元加餐练Ⅰ.完形填空Several years ago, I quit my job to chase my dream of writing a book, but that book was __1__repeatedly. Everybody was asking, “How's the book coming？” I was so __2__ .My friends got together one day and I blurted out (脱口而出), “I don't know my purpose in life.” The outburst was met with __3__and stares. Finally, Pam said, “I don't know, either.” She was in a job she __4__ . Teresa said, “Me either.” I was sure that Bette would have a(n) __5__ . She was suffering from cancer and, surely she had figured things out since she was facing a likely terminal outcome. __6__ , she shook her head.Two years passed and, during that time, I sold my __7__ , Teresa went back to school, Pam switched __8__ , and Bette kept on living as best as she could.Actually, for those two years, Bette lived a __9__life than any of us. She built a butterfly garden in her neighbourhood. She spent time with her family, went hiking,__10__and lived.My book was finally __11__and Bette made it to my first big signing. A day or two later, she was back in the __12__as she was seriously ill. I left on tour for several weeks, and when I __13__ , she was close to __14__ .The day came when her brother called to let me know Bette had __15__ . He asked me to write her obituary (讣告). I thought about how she'd filled every moment with as much joy as she could find. That obituary wasn't a list of __16__ . It was the story of a woman who lived. __17__what life threw at her, she lived.That was when I__18__ what I'd learned through her passing. She defined her purpose in life by simply living her life. That's all any of us are here to do. In the end, the only thing that __19__is that we breathe in our time here and fill it with__20__ .篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解AThe British live on a small island. They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives. After the development of large, ocean-going sailing ships in the fifteenth century,the sea became even more important to the country's development. Ships setting sail from England determined to extend Britain's territories, its wealth and its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods, people and new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had the largest, most powerful navy in the world.The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life that they even affected the language. Many English expressions we use today were originally nautical (航海的)terms,although most people no longer realize this. For example, people commonly describe an honest and fair business deal as being “above board”.This expression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive, dishonest ship's business would be carried out below decks ( i. e. below the boards) out of public view. On the other hand, honest business was always conducted on deck (above the boards), in the open where everyone could see what was going on.“Pipe down！”，meaning “Be quiet！”，is another common expression that has nautical origins. The ship's boatswain (水手长)would blow a whistle,or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明)to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.Most native English speakers have heard the express ion “not enough room to swing a cat”，but few know that the “cat” does not refer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail.The “cat”is actually a short form of “cat of nine tails”—a whip with nine, knotted(打结的) tails.A boatswain needed a lot of space in order to swing the whip properly when lashing (鞭打)a poor sailorunder hiscontrol!篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

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Unit 5 First aid*＊阅读理解.Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly。