专题二介词、介词短语和动词短语.pptx

专题二介词(短语)和动词短语挖命题【考情探究】分析解读 1.从表格内容的分布来看,在近五年高考中总体上介词和介词短语以及动词短语在语篇型填空和短文改错中都有所涉及,对介词和介词短语的考查频率较高。

2.在今后的高考中,常见介词和介词短语的基本用法仍将是考查重点。

3.在备考中结合具体语境,重点强化对表示时间、方位、工具、手段、方式、原因等常用介词的基本用法的掌握;注意对常用介词短语和动词短语的积累、归类和整理,并结合句子或语段强化记忆。

破考点【网络清单】介词(短语)和动词短语介词短语方位介词时间介词表工具、手段、方式的介词表原因的介词表示支持、反对的介词其他常考介词等常考介词短语、搭配介词(短语)和动词短语动词短语动词介词等动词副词介词等动词名词介词等【考点集训】考点一介词(短语)单句填空1.(2018课标全国Ⅰ, 65)While running regularly can t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.答案than2.(2018山师大附中高三五模,70)And so, the man is remembered and respected long his death.答案after3.(2015课标全国Ⅰ,66)Instead, I d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it s only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.答案by4.(2014课标全国Ⅱ,44)When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.答案to5.A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.答案without单句改错6.(2019届山东德州夏津一中高三第一次月考)The next day, we arrived at there with gifts we had prepared, and we received a warm welcome.答案去掉介词at7.(2018课标全国Ⅱ)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.答案for→with8.(2015课标全国Ⅰ)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.答案on→with9.We joined in a voluntary activity organized by our school in Sunday.答案句子中第二个in→on考点二动词短语单句填空1.(2019届山东济宁一中高三上学期收心考试,64)Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After the mine closed down, Li turned housing decoration, until he was forced to give that up due to a finger injury.答案to2.(2016课标全国Ⅱ,64)Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.答案on3.Let s learn to use the problem we are facing a stepping stone to future success.答案as单句改错4.I have dreamed becoming a scientist since I was a junior school student.答案dreamed后加of5.His mother said that he would leave home to Beijing.答案to→for6.He was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard that turned from black toward gray over theyears.答案toward→to/into过专题【五年高考】考点一介词(短语)1.(2018北京,14)—Good morning, Mr. Lee s office.—Good morning. I d like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.答案for2.(2018天津,11)Bob thought he couldn t go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went all.答案after3.(2018江苏,33)China s soft power grows in line the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.答案with4.(2017北京,35)Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.答案in5.(2017天津,12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.答案among6.(2017天津,13)We offer an excellent education to our students. return, we expect students to work hard.答案In7.(2017江苏,32)Determining where we are in relation our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.答案to8.(2016浙江,6)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help.short, he s reliable.答案In9.(2016浙江,7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.答案in10.(2015浙江,10)Most people work because it s unavoidable. contrast,there are some people who actually enjoy work.答案By11.(2015浙江,17)These comments came in response specific questions often asked by local newsmen.答案to12.(2015浙江,3)Have you ever heard of the trees that are home animals both on land and sea?答案to13.(2015重庆,10)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃the average.答案above14.(2015江苏,34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but Thomas Edison.答案for15.(2015安徽,33)They believe that there are transport developments the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.答案around16.(2015福建,22)A common memory they all have their schooldays is the school uniform.答案of17.(2015福建,32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony nature.答案with18.(2015湖北,30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.答案in19.(2015陕西,12)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.答案by20.(2014重庆,7)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.答案off21.(2014福建,22)Our club is open to everyone regardless age,sex or educational background.答案of22.(2014浙江,10)While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything return.答案in23.(2014浙江,12)Facing up to your problems instead running away from them is the best approach to working things out.答案of24.(2014陕西,14)The Scottish girl blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.答案with25.(2014江西,33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life his great wealth.答案despite考点二动词短语1.(2018天津,3)At first Robert wouldn t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave as she was so confident about her skills.答案in2.(2018江苏,25)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls a clear road map and timetable.答案for3.(2017江苏,25)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought the best in her as a doctor.4.(2016天津,8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice her opinion on the subject.答案to5.(2016天津,14)I hate it when she calls me at work—I m always too busy to carry a conversation with her.答案on6.(2016天津,12)I m going to take advantage this tour to explore the history of the castle.答案of7.(2016浙江,12)When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut from the world.答案off8.(2016江苏,30)Many businesses started up by college students have taken thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.答案off9.(2015江苏,27)The university started some new language programs to cater the country s Silk Road Economic Belt.答案for10.(2015江苏,29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.答案on11.(2015天津,10)Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.12.(2015浙江,11)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appealour emotions than for straight facts.答案to13.(2015浙江,7)Body language can give a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.答案away14.(2015湖北,25)There is no doubt that this candidate s advantage lies his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.答案in15.(2015陕西,25)Peter will take his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.答案up16.(2014安徽,28)When the sports hero turned at our party,he was welcomed with open arms.答案up17.(2014浙江,19)How could you turn such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?答案down18.(2014江西,27)Anyway,we re here now,so let s get down some serious work.答案to19.(2014湖北,25)I ve been trying to phone Charles all evening,but there must be something wrong with the network;I can t seem to get .答案through20.(2014湖北,26)Is this your necklace,Mary? I came it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.答案across【三年模拟】A组2017—2019年模拟·基础题组单句填空1.(2019届山东邹城高三上学期质检,67)Over the past decade, a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty has marked some significant successes, partly thanks the efforts of many international organizations.答案to2.(2019届山东荣成六中高三第一次检测,70)And the imaginary character does not only appeal females.答案to3.(2019届山东济宁北大培文实验学校高三上学期期中,67)She said her name was Miss Bai and kindly offered to show me the city.答案around4.(2019届山东济宁微山二中高三上学期期中,61)We used to think that comforting others was an ability that only belongs humans.答案to5.(2018山东青岛高三统一质检,66)After turning all of their electronic devices, recharj customers lie down in so-called “power nap cocoons”.答案off6.(2018山东烟台高考诊断,65)Birds, whales ,turtles and other animals often mistake balloonsfood, which can do damage to them because balloons contain harmful chemicals.答案for单句改错1.(2019届山东济宁一中高三上学期收心考试)After that, I practiced playing volleyball on everyday.答案去掉介词on2.(2018山东潍坊一模)On such cold weather, we stayed with her until the ambulance came to the scene.答案On→In3.(2018全国百校联盟第一次联考)Under our help, all the books were free from the rain.答案Under→With4.(2017山东临沂一模)If you find a position at there, I m sure you ll have a rapid improvement in both your character and ability.答案去掉atB组2017—2019年模拟·综合题组语法填空(2018山东日照高三模拟)You have just celebrated the Spring Festival with your family. While 1 (prepare)for the most important holiday of the year, you may come across an animal sign from the Chinese zodiac(生肖)on the paper cut decorations 2 hang on the doors or windows.According to the Chinese lunar calendar, February 16 is the beginning of the Year of the Dog. Although they 3 (see)as companions and part of the family today, China and Western countries have different cultural 4 (belief)about dogs.In Chinese, some words related 5 dogs have negative meanings, such as “No ivory can come out of a dog s mouth.”In English, 6 ,the situation is different. People use “Every dog has his day”7 (describe) a period of good fortune.It is said that when Greek hero Odysseus 8 (eventual)returns home after 20 years away at war only his dog Argos recognizes him, who is overjoyed to see 9 (it)owner again after so many years.In fact, people are much 10 (close)to dogs in a way than to cows, pigs or even horses. Their loyalty is the origin of the English saying,“A dog is man s best friend.”答案1.preparing2.that/which3.are seen4.beliefs5.to6.however7.to describe8.eventually9.its10.closer短文改错(2019届山东泰安英雄山中学高三上学期期中)My niece Mary is a Senior 3 student, who devoted herself to her lessons every day.Last Saturday, as usual, she went to several class. In the evening, she continued to study at home until deeply into the night. She was too sleepy and tired that she couldn t work effectively. In Sunday morning , she was about to do her lessons while her father came up and advised her to take a break. Soon they came up a good idea.They decided to go cycling in the countryside. Mary enjoyed herself, competing and chatting with her father, and felt relaxing in the open air. On the Monday, Mary was energetic but active in class. She spent the whole day in the countryside, and Mary said what she had done was worthwhile.答案My niece Mary is a Senior 3 student, who ①herself to her lessons every day.Last Saturday, as usual, she went to several ②. In the evening, she continued to study at home until ③into the night. She was ④sleepy and tired that she couldn t work effectively. ⑤Sunday morning , she was about to do her lessons ⑥her father came up and advised her to take a break. Soon they came up ⑦∧with a good idea.They decided to go cycling in the countryside. Mary enjoyed herself, competing and chatting with her father, and felt ⑧in the open air . On ⑨the Monday, Mary was energetic ⑩active in class. She spent the whole day in the countryside, and Mary said what she had done was worthwhile.。

介词、介词短语和短语动词一、考纲内容熟悉介词的基本意义及用法；辨析相近、易混介词的用法；掌握常用介词短语的意义及用法；掌握常用短语动词的形式、意义及用法。

二、命题趋势1.语法填空主要考察介词的基本意义和用法，用时兼顾对介词短语的考察。

2.短文改错主要考察介词的误用。

3.考察介词与名词、形容词或动词搭配的意义和用法。

三、介词（一）介词的分类1.从结构上看，介词可以分为以下几类：简单介词（由一个词构成的介词）、合成介词（两个词合在一起的介词）、短语介词（一个或几个简单介词或其他介词组合在一起的介词）、分词介词（部分动词的-ing形式和过去分词形式）。

2,从意思上考虑，介词可以分为下面三类：弓［导时间短语的介词、弓［导地点状语的介词、弓I导其他短语的介词。

（二）介词（短语）的用法区别1.表示方位的at,in,on,to,beside/by 和near⑴at 一般指在较小的地方例：1 met him at the shop.⑵in 一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内例：a. They arrived in Beijing yesterday.b. Shandong Province lies in the east of China.⑶on 一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域例：a. The picture is hanging on the wall.b. Mongolia is on the north of China.(4)to表示某范围外接壤或不接壤的两个位置例：Shandong Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.(5)beside/by译为“在…旁边”例：a. She was standing beside her mother.b. There is a small house by the river.(6)near译为“接近；靠近”例：There is a supermarket near my home.2.表示方位的between和among⑴between在两者或每两者之间例：I stand between Sue and Jane.⑵among在三者或三者以上之间例：The teacher was standing among the students.3.表示方位的across,through,over 和past(1)across从…的表面穿过例：He walked across the square to meet us.⑵through从…的内部穿过例：The guide led us through the forest.⑶over从…的上面跨过例：The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.(4)past在…的旁边经过例：She walked past the shop.4.表示时间的介词⑴表示“在…”的：at,in,ona.at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日例：at 9:00; at noon; at Christmasb.in表示在某段较长的时间内，世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚等。

专题二-介词、介词短语和动词短语高考必备专题二介词、介词短语和动词短语知识清单on, about, of（1）表示“具有”“没有”的介词With, without（2）表示“原因”的介词Because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, with, for, at, of （3）表示“代替”的介词Instead of, in place of二、常考介词短语1. 介词与名词的常用搭配（1）at+n.表示状态at a loss 不知所措at breakfast 早餐时at peace 处于和平中at rest 静止，不动at sea 在海上，航海at war 在战争中at work 在工作（2）at+n.表示时间at Chrismas 在圣诞节at dusk 在黄昏at dawn 在黎明at daybreak 在拂晓at midnight 在午夜at night 在夜里at noon 在正午at present 目前at sunrise 日出时（3）以at开头组成的短语at the beginning of 在……的开始at the cost of 以……的代价1.Addadd……to 把……加到……上面add to 增添add up to加起来总共add up把……加起来2.AgreeAgree on 就……达成共识Agree to 同意Agree with 同意，适合，和……一致3.BreakBreak away from 脱离，突然挣脱Break down 失败，被搞垮，分解，（机器或车辆等）出故障，坏掉Break into 强行闯入Break in on 打断，搅扰Break out 爆发Break up 解散Break off 停顿，中断Break through 突破4.BringBring about 引起，造成Bring down 使倒下；降低（价格）Bring in 赚得Bring on 引起，导致Bring sth on 促使（作物、水果等）生长Bring out阐明Bring up 抚养；呕吐Bring forward 提出Bring sth forward 将（……的日期或时间）提前5.CallCall for 需要；需求Call in on sb = drop in on sb，call in at sb =drop in at sb 顺便拜访某人Call in 找来，请来；召集Call off 取消Call upon 请/叫（某人做某事）Call on 号召Call out 喊，叫Call up 使想起某事物，使回忆起某物6.CareCare for 在意，关心；照顾，照料Would you care for sth = Would you like sth（礼貌用语）你喜欢/要……吗？Care about 关心，关怀7.CarryCarry on 进行；继续进行下去Carry out 完成；履行Carry sth through=complete sth successfully 顺利完成，顺利实现8.CatchCatch fire=start to burn 着火Catch one’s breath 恢复正常呼吸Catch one’s eye/attention 引起某人的注意Catch on= understand 理解Be caught in=be stuck in 被困住Get caught in=be hooked in 被钩住Catch sight of 看见Catch up with赶上9.CheckCheck in （在旅馆、机场等）登记Check in one’s luggage （托运）行李Check out 结账离开（旅馆等）eCome true 变成现实Come about 发生Come across （无意中）碰到，找到；被理解，被弄懂Come on 快点儿Come out 出版；开花；考试结果……，考第……名Come out with说出（尤指令人吃惊或粗鲁的话）When it comes to 谈到，涉及Sth/sb come to light 被发现，被大家知道Come up 被提及Come up with提出Come to oneself 苏醒过来Come to an end结束Come into effect/force开始生效Come to a conclusion/decision 得出结论/作出决定Come into being/existence 开始存在，成立，产生Come to power 开始执政11.CutCut sth off 切断，切下来Cut out （马达或发动机）突然熄火，停止运转；戒掉，不吃Cut up 切碎Cut down 砍倒Cut sth down 削减，减少Cut through 开辟（出路或通道）12.DieDie away/down（指风、声、光等）逐渐减弱，逐渐平息Die out 灭绝，不复存在Die for 极度渴望13.DoDo up 包，扎，系，捆；整理，收拾Do oneself up 梳妆打扮Do away with 废除Do harm to sb. 对……有害Do good to sb. 对……有好处Do without （sb./with）（尤与can或could 连用）不用或没有某人/某物也行Have something/nothing/a lot to do with 与……有些/没有/有很大关系14.EndEnd up with以……告终End up sth with sth 以……结束End up 最后（有某种结局/成了）End in 以……告终，结果是……15.FallFall behind 落后于Fall in love with 爱上，喜欢上Fall down 不能令人满意，不够好Fall into=be divided into 被分成Fall in with = agree with 赞同16.FixFix the date for约定……的日期Fix one’s attention on 注意17.GetGet back 回来，取回Get up 起床，起身Get sb through 给……接通电话Get through 用完；通过；做完Get round 消息传开Get along/on with （与某人）和睦相处Get away from 摆脱Get down to开始认真做某事Get over 克服，摆脱（某种情绪）Get rid of 摆脱，去掉Get in 收集或收获某物Get across 被理解；把……讲清楚Get away with it 侥幸逃脱18.GiveGive away 捐赠，赠送；泄露，暴露Give in to 勉强同意Give off 散发出Give out 分发。

介词、介词短语和短语动词一、考纲容熟悉介词的基本意义及用法；辨析相近、易混介词的用法；掌握常用介词短语的意义及用法；掌握常用短语动词的形式、意义及用法。

二、命题趋势1.语法填空主要考察介词的基本意义和用法，用时兼顾对介词短语的考察。

2.短文改错主要考察介词的误用。

3.考察介词与名词、形容词或动词搭配的意义和用法。

三、介词（一）介词的分类1. 从结构上看，介词可以分为以下几类：简单介词（由一个词构成的介词）、合成介词（两个词合在一起的介词）、短语介词（一个或几个简单介词或其他介词组合在一起的介词）、分词介词（部分动词的-ing形式和过去分词形式）。

2. 从意思上考虑，介词可以分为下面三类：引导时间短语的介词、引导地点状语的介词、引导其他短语的介词。

（二）介词（短语）的用法区别1. 表示方位的at,in,on,to,beside/by和near(1)at一般指在较小的地方例：I met him at the shop.(2)in 一般指在较大的地方，或在某一围例：a. They arrived in Beijing yesterday.b. Shandong Province lies in the east of China.(3)on 一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域例：a. The picture is hanging on the wall.b. Mongolia is on the north of China.(4)to表示某围外接壤或不接壤的两个位置例：Shandong Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.(5)beside/by 译为“在...旁边”例：a. She was standing beside her mother.b. There is a small house by the river.(6)near译为“接近；靠近”例：There is a supermarket near my home.2.表示方位的between和among(1)between在两者或每两者之间例：I stand between Sue and Jane.(2)among 在三者或三者以上之间例：The teacher was standing among the students.3.表示方位的across,through,over和past（1）across从...的表面穿过例：He walked across the square to meet us.(2)through从...的部穿过例：The guide led us through the forest.(3)over从...的上面跨过例：The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.(4)past在...的旁边经过例：She walked past the shop.4.表示时间的介词（1）表示“在...”的：at,in,ona.at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日例：at 9:00; at noon; at Christmasb. in表示在某段较长的时间，世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚等。