福建省厦门第一中学2017届高三12月月考英语试题(含答案)

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题（120分钟,满分150分）第一卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题1。

5分)听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What is Dr。

Greenspan most probably?A。

A dentist B。

A nurse C. A professor2.When should Peter and Sophia leave according to the man?A。

This Tuesday B。

Next Tuesday C。

Next Thursday3.What does the man suggest the woman do？A. Read the notice on the window.B. Get a new bus schedule.C。

Go and ask the staff。

4.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. The design of the roomB. Smoking C。

The woman’s health5.Where was the woman when she saw the fish？A. In the water B。

福建省厦门市厦门一中2018-2019学年度高一上学期12月月考物理试卷一、选择题1.理想实验是科学研究中的一种重要方法,它把靠谱事实和理论思想联合起来,能够深刻地揭露自然规律。

以下实验中属于理想实验的是（）A. 考证平行四边形定章B. 伽利略的斜面实验C. 用打点计时器测物体的加快度D. 利用自由落体运动测定反响时间【答案】B【分析】试题剖析：平行四边形法例的科学研究属于等效代替，故A错误；伽利略的斜面实验，抓住主要要素，忽视了次要要素，进而更深刻地反应了自然规律，属于理想实验，故B正确；用打点计时器测物体的加快度是在实验室进行是实质实验，故C错误；利用自由落体运动测定反响时间是实质进行的实验，不是理想实验，故D错误．应选B．考点：理想实验2.2013年6月20日,我国宇航员王亚平在天宫讲课时,利用质量丈量仪测出了聂海胜的质量,这类质量丈量仪测质量的依照是牛顿第二定律。

若聂海胜遇到合外力F从静止开始运动,经时间t挪动的位移为S,则聂海胜的质量为（）A.B.C.D.【答案】A【分析】【剖析】依据位移时间公式求出宇航员的加快度，联合牛顿第二定律求出宇航员的质量．【详解】依据s＝at2得，a=。

依据牛顿第二定律得，F=ma，解得．故A正确， BCD 错误。

应选A。

【点睛】此题考察了牛顿第二定律和运动学公式的基本综合，知道加快度是联系力学和运动学的桥梁．3.以下图,质量为m的小球用水平弹簧系住,并用倾角为30°的圆滑木板AB托住,小球恰巧处于静止状态。

当木板AB忽然向下撒离的瞬时,小球的加快度为(重力加快度为g）（）A. 0B. 大小为g,方向竖直向下C. 大小为,方向垂直木板向下D. 大小为,方向水平向右【答案】C【分析】【剖析】木板撤去前，小球处于均衡态，依据共点力均衡条件先求出各个力，撤去木板瞬时，支持力消逝，弹力和重力不变，求出协力后即可求出加快度．【详解】木板撤去前，小球处于均衡态，受重力、支持力和弹簧的拉力，如图依据共点力均衡条件，有F-Nsin30°=0；Ncos30°-G=0；代入数据解得：N=mg；F=mg；木板AB忽然撤去后，支持力消逝，重力和拉力不变，协力大小等于支持力N，方向与N反向，故加快度为：，方向垂直于木板向下。

福建省厦门第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期6月月考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Childhood is a time of limitless possibilities. And old age is the time of wisdom. But for children who face the monster of cancer, their lives are fast-forwarded into profound wisdom. Not only do they have hand-to-hand struggle with the limits of life, they face it with raw truth and courage. For them, life is hard-won yet full of unbelievable hope, and is to be lived to the fullest.We have much to learn from these children.That’s what art therapist, Lisa Murray, believed as she worked to help children with cancer to release their feelings through their drawings, which have turned into a book, Angels & Monsters.Murray found that in their struggle, kids would tell her constantly, “I’m just a regular kid;I just want to play, to go to school, to go outside ... I just happen to have cancer.”She was moved and inspired by their simple will to survive. The children were facing the disease head on. She saw some powerful images in their artwork. “What courage does it take to do that?” said Murray.Murray selected 25 children aged 13 months to 18 years. She asked the four-year-olds and up, “If you could tell the world what it is like to have cancer, what would you say, what would you draw?” For two-to three-year-olds, she asked, “What do you want to tell people about yourself?” And for the youngest, she just took their handprints. It’s such a human expression, “Here’s my mark,” said Murray.She then asked them about their pictures and wrote down exactly what they said. This gave the artwork a powerful voice. Coupled with Murray’s photographs of the children in the book, the three forms of expression leave both a permanent record and lasting impression with the viewer.As a therapist, Murray doesn’t give the kids the impression that the drawing process is right or wrong. Whatever they draw is unconditionally acceptable. “Children play, they draw, and that’s the natural language of children. That’s why art therapy is so wonderful,” she said. 1．What are children with cancer like in the eyes of Murray?A．They are energetic and active.B．They are wise and hardworking.C．They are courageous and optimistic.D．They are thoughtful and kind-hearted. 2．What does Murray do in the process of the children drawing pictures?A．She lets them draw whatever they like.B．She teaches them how to draw naturally.C．She gives them advice about what to draw.D．She makes sure what they draw are acceptable.A．Their drawings, their voices and the book.B．Their drawings, their handprints and the book.C．Their drawings, their words and the photos of them.D．Their drawings, Murray’s questions and the children’s answers.For many Chinese consumers, a satisfying breakfast is one that includes either hot porridge or steamed buns (馒头). Cold sandwiches, which are popular with Westerners, are probably one of the last options on their minds. But that is not to say that consumers, especially those in an international city like Shanghai, would avoid everything considered Western for breakfast. For instance, coffee, which has steadily grown in popularity in the country, is one drink that many cannot do without today.To satisfy this growing demand for breakfast sets that combine elements from the East and the West, food companies have been rolling out (推出) a host of new offerings to attract the customer. One example is Shanghai Qiao Coffee, launched by local time-honored food company Qiaojiashan at the end of 2019. Apart from its traditional dim sum (点心), the store also sells various types of coffee.According to Shen Yan, deputy manager of Qiaojiashan, the most popular breakfast set now is the steamed vegetable bun paired with black coffee. “The calories that one gets from a meal consisting of Chinese dim sum and coffee are less than those of a Western breakfast. Since a steamed bun has nearly 200 calories and a cup of black coffee barely has any calories, this combination can be considered healthy and delicious,” said Shen.Even the smaller shoppers in the food scene are jumping on the East-West breakfast trend. Western food companies, too, have been rolling out Chinese breakfast options. “Consumers and even cultural heritage will also benefit from the increased competition. If notfor the current trend which has revived interest in certain traditional dim sum, these foods could soon be lost to history,” Shen said.4．What can we learn about breakfast in Shanghai in Paragraph 1?A．Coffee is a must for many people.B．Cold sandwiches are a popular choice.C．People avoid western food for breakfast.D．People prefer porridge and steamed buns.5．Why does the set of the steamed vegetable bun with black coffee sell well?A．Because it’s traditional.B．Because it’s tasty and healthy.C．Because it’s newly created.D．Because it contains more vegetables.6．What can be inferred from Shen’s words in the last paragraph?A．Western food companies dislike East-West breakfast.B．Big companies have the ability to seize the market share.C．The competition for breakfast sets is of no benefit to consumers.D．Some traditional foods may disappear without the combination trend.7．What is the main idea of the text?A．Chinese consumers show more interest in western food.B．Western breakfast is warmly welcomed by Shanghai people.C．The Chinese-Western breakfast set is becoming a hit in Shanghai.D．Shanghai Qiao Coffee has won great success for its breakfast sets.What’s the effect of poetry on our brain? Scientists have been investigating the neuronal (神经元的) connections and brain circuits that can work in the reading of poetry for some time. And, even though the research has only just begun, the results are already fascinating.Poetry has the oldest recorded texts in literature. Although it’s impossible to say exactly when it began to be used in the oral tradition, we dare to say that it’s accompanied humanity forever. This gives us an idea of the impact that poetic language can have on our emotional and cognitive state. The emotional response to literature in general shares areas of activation with music. However, more areas of the right hemisphere (半球) seem to be related to poetry. The researchers measured the goosebumps resulting from the tingling (强烈感受) sensationin reading poetry. This type of sensation has also been proven to result from music. However, the tingling sensations produced by poetry activate different areas of the brain compared to those activated by music.Dr. Eugen Wassiliwizky’s team collected data on behavioral responses in people reading or listening to poetry. They proved that poetry is capable of causing emotional responses and rich emotional experiences. In addition, a poem expresses the poet’s ideas. From a psychological view, poetry is a game of language that manages to group words in a surprising way. We could compare this with how a chef combines ingredients that seem impossible to combine, producing extraordinary results. Poetry is based on rules of construction. It sets up a rhythm, which then breaks, before finally returning to it. The play on the meanings of words, sometimes several meanings in just one word, is extremely intellectually inspiring. We can read a poem a thousand times, and still find its new meanings.Generally, our passage through the wonderful world of poetry is cut short by a rather reduced exposure during childhood and the overly analytical approach of this literary genre (类型),which is given in most schools. Although, the studies that experts have conducted on poetry get a lot of interesting results, poetry still holds a mystery that science hasn’t yet been able to investigate. For example, why a perfect cadence (抑扬顿挫) and rhythm can lift the spirit of people is the new challenge for the research.8．What is the main difference between poetry and music?A．Music causes fewer goosebumps.B．Poetry creates more tingling sensations.C．They work on different parts of the brain.D．They are processed in different parts of the brain.9．What does the author probably think of poetry?A．It is vague in its meaning but rich in emotional experience.B．It combines ingredients and extraordinary results.C．It expresses something about the poet.D．It’s a pure game of language that surprises to give readers.10．What might be the problem when we learn poetry at school?A．We analyze this literary genre too much.B．We make children more exposed to it.C．We haven’t read a poem a thousand times.D．We rely too much on our teachers.11．What is this text mainly about?A．Findings about poetry.B．The history of poetry.C．How to write poetry.D．How to appreciate poetry.A United Airlines flight from Chicago to Washington D．C．made a bit of aviation (航空) history last December, completing a 600-mile trip that the airline hopes will prove the first leg of a journey to a greener future.In a first, one of the two engines on the 737 Max 8 was powered entirely by fuel made from used cooking oil and waste fat from beef, pork and chicken. Refined (提炼) at a Southern California plant, the fuel produces about 80% less emissions (排放) than conventional aviation fuel. Biofuel had been mixed with conventional fuel in the past, but United Airlines said it had never been used by itself in the engine of a commercial flight.The Chicago carrier made the flight to show the progress it has made toward its goal of getting rid of greenhouse gas emissions by2050. It’s a goal shared by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).For now, the biggest challenge is producing enough low-emission, sustainable aviation fuel that can be used in existing commercial planes without adjustment to power the world’s airlines. The world’s refineries now produce about 26.4 million gallons of low-emission, sustainable aviation fuel a year. That is only a tiny part of the 18.3 billion gallons of fuel burned by U.S. carriers alone in 2019.“There is no question there is a challenge,” Gene Gebolys, chief executive of World Energy, a Boston biofuel energy company, said. “It’s all about scale (规模).”World Energy’s Paramount, California, facility now has the capacity to refine cooking oil and animal fat into 15 million gallons of sustainable aviation fuel a year. The company is investing $1.5 billion to modernize the facility and enable it to produce up to 370 million gallons a year.“Standing where we are right now, it is going to be an extremely ambitious goal to get to net zero by 2050,” Gebolys said. “Do I think it’s possible? Absolutely.”12．What is the experiment of United Airlines?A．Using fuel from fat and oil alone in engines.B．Refining cooking oil and waste fat.C．Mixing biofuel energy with conventional fuel.D．Developing biofuel-powered carriers.13．What barrier does the new energy promotion face?A．The stability of the refined cooking oil.B．The lack of raw materials.C．The limited production capacity.D．The energy consumption in production. 14．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of the new energy?A．Favorable.B．Intolerant.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Energy Company Discovers a New Green FuelB．Global Airlines Promise a Low-emission FutureC．Is Biofuel Energy Ready for Mass Production?D．Could Cooking Oil Help Airlines Reach Zero Emissions?二、七选五Communion is a very difficult art. To commune with one another over many problemsTo commune with each other, we require a certain capacity, a certain way of listening-not merely to gather information, which any schoolboy can do, but rather listening in order to understand.17 Learning is not merely the accumulation (积累) of knowledge. Knowledge never changes the way you think; experience never flowers into the beauty of understanding. Most of us listen with the background of what we know and we have experienced. Perhaps you have never noticed the difference between the mind that really learns and the mind that merely gathers knowledge.18 It is always translating what it hears in terms of its own experience or in terms of the knowledge which it has gathered. It is caught up in the process of accumulating and adding to what it already knows, and such a mind is incapable of learning. I do not know if you have noticed this. So it seems to me very important that we commune with each other quietly, in a dignified manner, and for that there must be a listening and a learning.When you commune with your own heart, when you commune with your friend, when you commune with the skies, with the stars, with the sunset, with a flower, then surely youare listening so as to learn. It does not mean that you accept or deny. 19 When you commune with the sunset, with a friend, with your wife or with your child, you do not criticize, you do not deny or support, translate or identify. You are communing. You are learning. You are searching out. 20I think it is important to understand that a man who accumulates can never learn. Self-learning implies a fresh and eager mind-a mind that is not committed, that does not belong to anything and that is not limited to any particular field. It is only such a mind that learns.A．Most of us hardly listen, and we hardly learn.B．Here is a personal story that illustrates this difference.C．The mind that is accumulating knowledge never learns.D．How can we make the shift from accumulating to learning?E．It seems to me of the utmost importance that we do listen in order to learn.F．From this inquiry comes the movement of learning, which is never accumulative.G．You are learning and either acceptance or denial of what is being said puts an end to learning.三、完形填空All of a sudden, he heard a big splash (拍水声). It was a medium-sized harbor seal that Thompson described as “an angel” that came to help him. “The seal would come up and31 me, like a dog comes up and pushes your leg.” Thompson said. It was a sense of32 , Thompson recalled, knowing that he wasn’t alone on this heroic journey.Being pushed along by the seal, Thompson felt 33 to swim to the nearest oil platform, which was far but closer than land. With the 34 of the seal, he swam through the dark, freezing water for five hours, until he managed to reach an oil platform. People aboard the oil platform offered aid. They rushed him to a hospital where Thompson was treated and recovered a few days later.While the thought of his 35 motivated him to keep going, Thompson said that he would not have endured through the pain if it hadn’t been for the seal swimming alongside him.21．A．recognition B．encouragement C．respect D．trust 22．A．unexpected B．common C．confusing D．funny 23．A．kicked B．locked C．rushed D．knocked 24．A．easy B．unnecessary C．impossible D．safe 25．A．disappear B．stop C．ground D．sink 26．A．space B．mind C．line D．sight 27．A．spare B．final C．exciting D．private 28．A．tool B．way C．will D．skill 29．A．swimming B．calling C．watching D．practicing 30．A．break in B．show up C．slow down D．give up 31．A．greet B．push C．lift D．take 32．A．duty B．hope C．anxiety D．wonder 33．A．determined B．satisfied C．honored D．amused 34．A．task B．cost C．company D．arrival 35．A．pets B．friends C．family D．boat四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2019-2020学年厦门市集美中学高三英语月考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项A4 Best Drive--In Movie Theaters in the USColorado: Holiday Twin Drive--InAddress: 2206 S Overland Trail, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USAPhone: +1 970-221-1244The theater, open since 1968 and currently the most popular drive-in in the US, provides various special foods. The menu there even amazes meat-free customers. But please remember the outside food is forbidden here. Besides, the Rocky Mountains provide a pastoral (田园式的) backdrop to screenings, and sunsets usually don’t disappoint either. It also offers lots of unique events that go beyond the big screen.North Carolina: Hound’s Drive--InAddress: 114 Raven Cir, Kings Mountain, NC 28086, USAPhone: +1 704-739-4424Having only opened in 2016, it’s one of the newest theaters on the block. The drive-in features newer equipment and digital projection. People can bring their animal friends along.Florida: Fort Lauderdale Swap ShopAddress: 3291 W Sunrise Blvd, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33311, USAPhone: +1 954-791-7927The Florida favorite offers plenty ofways to have fun. With 14 screens, the self-proclaimed (自称的) world’s largest drive-in equals any indoor cinema in terms of capacity and programming. It also includes an 88-acre flea (跳蚤) market and a free Ferrari museum. It’s best to book tickets on the Internet ahead of time if you don’t want to wait in line.California: Mission Tiki Drive -InAddress: 10798 Ramona Ave, Montclair, CA 91763, USAPhone: +1 909-628-0511Let’s have fun in the old-school outdoor cinema in Montclair, California. Remember tickets are available at the ticket office only. It alternates (交替) up to eight new releases on four screens and hosts almost daily swapmeets where people can exchange things they no longer need. It also organizes classic car and lowrider meet-ups.1.What can people do in Holiday Twin Drive-In?A.Participate in somespecial activities.B.Enjoy the film with the latest equipment.C.Learn about the benefits of being meat free.D.Share home-made cookies while watching the film.2.Which of the following theaters is friendly to visitors with pets?A.Hound’s Drive- In.B.Mission Tiki Drive-In.C.Holiday Twin Drive-In.D.Fort Lauderdale Swap Shop.3.What do Fort Lauderdale Swap Shop and Mission Tiki Drive-In have in common?A.Both feature old-fashioned styles.B.Both allow booking tickets online.C.Both provide free museum exhibitions.D.Both offer chances to trade second-hand goods.BEvery day in the United States animals are beaten, ignored, or forced to struggle for survival. Left in poor conditions with no food or water, they have little hope as they live out their days without the mercy they deserve. Some are found and rescued, given the chance to experience how great life and humans can be; others aren't so lucky. To grow as a nation, we must fight for these abused(受虐待的) animals’ rights and seriously punish heartless owners.One of the first steps in protecting animals and creating effective cruelty laws is to know what animal cruelty actually is. There are two categories: passive cruelty and active cruelty. The first involves acts of omission, meaning the abuse happens as a result of ignorance or lack of action. Passive cruelty might seem less serious, but that is not the case; it can lead to terrible pain and suffering, and finally death. Examples include starvation, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and the failure to get medical care. Passive cruelty is sometimes due to the owner's ignorance, so many animal control officers will first try to educate ignorant owners on how to properly care for animals before giving them a citation(传票) or putting them in prison.Active cruelty, on the other hand, is more well-known and disturbing. Sometimes referred to as non-accidental injury, this type of abuse involves purposeful harm on an animal in order to feel more powerful or gain control. Active cruelty against animals should be taken very seriously, since it can be a sign that a person hasserious psychological issues and may commit more acts of violence---possibly against humans.It is hard to tell just what drives people to harm innocent animals. Most animal abusers find some sort of achievement or power in torturing a victim that they know can't fight back. While not all animal abusers become serial killers, it is important to take every case seriously.As a nation we need to make it our right to come together and ensure the safety of our beloved pets. As Margaret Mead once said, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”4. What is the first step to do with the passive cruelty abusers?A. To throw them into prison.B. To bring the case to the court.C. To teach them how to treat animals.D. To give them a strong warning.5. We can learn from Para.3 that active cruelty ______.A. is actually a sign of power or controlB. has been taken seriously in the nationC. may lead to serious psychological problemsD. may cause acts of violence against humans6. What is the author’s attitude towards animal cruelty?A. Uncertain.B. Doubtful.C. Concerned.D. Pessimistic.7. The author wrote this passage to ______.A. warn those heartless pet ownersB. tell people the harm of animal crueltyC. explain the reasons why people harm animalsD. call on people to fight for the abused animalsCYou must have read "The Tortoise and the Hare(《龟兔赛跑》)" when you were younger. So which animal are you? The tortoise or the hare? Do you rush around trying to do things as quickly as possible? Or do you deal your work at a slow , but steady(稳定的)pace? Whether you approach life like the tortoise or the hare can make a difference in the results you'll see.Some will say that you should avoid being like the hare. After all. he was overconfident and finally lost the race. You mayalso have heard teachers say from time to time that "haste makes waste”. But what does that mean?Most people think it meant that the faster you do something,the more likely it is that you'll make mistakes. Many teaches wantyouto approach your schoolwork thoughtfully and carefully.But does haste always make waste? Not necessarily ! Some people are able to work quickly while also maintaining(保持)a high level of quality in all that they do. Recent research, however, is making the idea of haste making waste seem more believableResearchers found that the brain changes into a special mode(模式)when forced to make rapid decisions. Overall, there appears to be a trade-off between speed and correctness. As the brain makes decisions more quickly, those decisions are usually built on less information, which often leads to a greater likelihood of mistakes.When you approach things like the tortoise. you methodically and steadily work towards your goal. You might not arrive there first, but then again you might! In any case, you're likely to make fewer mistakes and you might just enjoy the journey more than the bare.Goals are great to work towards, but often the achievements aren't what we remember. In the end, the most meaningful and important parts of our lives are the journeys we went on , not the destination we reached. So be the hare when you have to, but always remember that the slow and steady journey is what you’ll remember and treasure the most.8. Why does the author mention the story in the first paragraph?A. To introduce the topic.B. To show its popularity.C. To suggest its importance.D. To advise readers to read it.9. For what purpose do teachers often say “haste makes waste to students?A. To ask them not to waste their time.B. To tell them it is OK to make mistakes.C. To ask them to avoid making silly mistakes.D. To tell them they should check their schoolwork.10. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. How the brain collects the information it needs.B. When the decision made by the brain is correct.C. Why the quickly-made decision is often unwise.D. What the relationship between lime and results is.11. Which of the following may the author agree with?A. Finishing the race is often a victory for everyone.B. Joy is found not in finishing an activity but in doing it.C. The journey to every destination starts with a small step.D. A destination is important because it guides us on the journey.DSome years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.12. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of lightB. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designersC. too much mathematical detail in the theoryD. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters13. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.A. the students who are major in mathematical geometryB. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systemsC. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designsD. those who are interested in physics14. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.A. indirect ways of learning mathematicsB. a fundamental power within the theoryC. the conceptual elegance of the theoryD. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems15. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.A. a review of a bookB. a chemistry textbookC. an optician's essayD. a general science text第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

厦门一中2018-2019学年第一学期高二年上学期12月考英语试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分知识运用与能力测试第一节单项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）21. Supposing this ship ____________,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?A. was sinkingB. has sunkC. were to sinkD. sinks22. The insects would eat out all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if ____________for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.A. it is notB. it were notC. were it notD. they were not23. Frankly, I’d rather you ____________anything about it for the time being.A. not doB. don’t doC. didn’t doD. will not do24. “If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “I ____________able to play so well now.”A. wouldn’t beB. won’t beC. wouldn’t have beenD. couldn’t have been25. Was it during the Second World War ____________he died?A. whereB. thenC. thatD. while26. I don’t think ____________possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. itsB. it wasC. itD. this27. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starts from the sixth century A D.B. During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those that held in the Middle Ages.C. When people first saw his paintings, they convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.D. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived andworked in Paris.28. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. You can also explore Frick’s beautiful home and garden which are very worth a visit.B. It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the samemuseum.C. There are various reasons that people write poetry.D. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they are delighted small children because they rhyme, have strongrhythm and a lot of repetition.29. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. I think my long and active life must due to the healthy life I live.B. If a person to become infected, blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus, has to get inside the body through brokenskin or by injection.C. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could effect the health of non-smokers.D. She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow.30. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. If you start to feel nervous or stressful, do not reach for a cigarette.B. Don’t choose a day that you know it is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam.C. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2023-2024学年福建省厦门第一中学高三上学期10月月考英语试题GET A BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF THE WORLD’S MOST ATTRACTIVE FEATHERED ANIMALS WITH THESE BOOKSFlamingo (火烈鸟)Biologist and photographer Claudio Contreras Koob spent 20 years travelling deep into the wet lands and forests of his native Mexico—and beyond—to feed his flamingo attraction. This book offers a unique window into the behavior and life of red-feathered birds, with more than 120 show-stopping shots displaying their beauty. teNeues, £35.Around the World in 80 BirdsInspiring secrets, national pride or scientific discoveries, every bird has a story to tell, from the weaver bird building multi-nest “apartment blocks” in Namibia to the bar-headed goose taking on a twice-yearly trans-Himalayan journey at an extreme altitude. Mike Unwin’s tour is accompanied by beautiful illustrations from Ryuto Miyake. Laurence King Publishing, £22.A World on the WingPulitzer-shortlisted Weidensaul, who’s at the forefront of research into bird migration, here tracks some of nature’s most remarkable journeys. He sails through the stormy Bering Sea, encounters trappers in the Mediterranean and visits former headhunters in northeast India, where a bird migration crisis has become a conservation success story. Pan Macmillan, £9.99.Galapagos Crusoes: A Year Alone with the BirdsExplore this updated version of the 1968 title, Galapagos: Islands of Birds, by late bird expert Bryan Nelson, with previously unpublished material from his wife, June. The couple spent a year living on two Galapagos islands, studying birds, including the Galapagos albatross (信天翁). This is their clever and amusing account. Bradt Guides, £11.99.1. By whom is the second costliest book illustrated?A．Claudio Contreras Koob. B．Mike Unwin.C．Ryuto Miyake. D．Weidensaul.2. Which book best suits those concerned about the survival of migratory birds?A．Flamingo . B．Around the World in 80 Birds .C．A World on the Wing . D．Galapagos: Island of Birds.3. What feature may Galapagos Crusoes: A Year Alone with the Birds have?A．Its humorous description. B．Its romantic style.C．Its vivid imagination. D．Its moving plot.In the 1940s, young male Royal Air Force pilots held needles as they waited for their next mission. Wartime pilots suffered a lot and knitting helped rebuild dexterity (灵巧) in wounded arms while also helping to settle wounded minds.Today, millions of people around the world employ the same techniq ue. “I know that if I haven’t knitted for a few days, I really miss it. It’s like meditation.” says Janine Smith, who owns a store in Sydney selling supplies for knitting.Research supports Smith’s statement. Physiotherapist Betsan Corkhill and occupationa l therapist Jill Riley were part of a team from Cardiff University that, ten years ago, surveyed more than 3,500 knitters and found that the more frequently people knitted, the calmer and happier they felt.Or as Jannie Smith puts it, “That rhythm of making stitch after stitch is like deep breathing. It’s a flow where you don’t have to stress about it, you’ve got the rhythm happening.”“Flow” is a concept first named by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. As he wrote in his book, “The best moments in our lives are neither the passive nor relaxing times. The best moments usually occur if a person’s body or mind is stretched to its limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish something difficult and worthwhile.”The Cardiff research team found that many respondents described feeling calmer and in a better mood after knitting, and the majority of respondents who suffered from depression “perceived that knitting made them feel happier.” For respondents who suffered from chronic pain, almost nine out of ten said that knitting gave them a sense of accomplishment and a means of coping with their pain. Interestingly, more than half of those surveyed said that knitting pushed them to develop other skills, like building furniture. Because knitting is so accessible — at its heart it’s two sticks and one stitch — it helps people build confidence in their abilities. After all, if you make a mistake, you can just pull it all out and start again.4. Why does the author mention young male Royal Air Force pilots in paragraph 1?A．To give an example of a knitter.B．To show the heavy burden on pilots.C．To demonstrate the technique of pilots.D．To introduce the healing effect of knitting.5. Which can be called as the best moment according to Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi?A．Watching TV together with friends. B．Taking physical exams.C．Playing chess with a great opponent. D．Reading funny comic books.6. According to a research of Cardiff University, which statement about knitting is true?A．It motivates people to stretch their bodies.B．It enables people to build furniture.C．It helps people to get rid of chronic pain.D．It allows people to build confidence to learn other skills.7. What would be the best title for the text?A．Active Hands, Calm Minds B．Healthier Attitude, Longer LifeC．Easy Knitting, Skill Building D．Mind Calming, Flow FindingIn 2012, James Cameron, creator of Avatar and Titanic, became the first person to reach the Challenger Deep. When he arrived at the deepest spot on Earth at 7 miles below sea level, he spent hours mapping the region and taking photos and samples.“As human beings, we’re drawn to absolutes—the deepest, the highest, the coldest, the farthest,” he says. “And as a storyteller and curious monkey, I just wanted to see what was there.” The answer is obvious—plastic and more. “Our so-called civilization is using the ocean as its toilet,” Cameron says. “Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”Despite decades of environmental studies, the impact of plastic and other forms of pollution on oceans are not entirely understood. Initial studies appear to indicate that ingesting(摄取) them—either directly or indirectly—could cause disease. Plastics can also release poisonous substances into the water, which could potentially impact animal populations.But plastic is just one of the problems facing oceans that have yet to be fully understood. “Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include car bon that’s heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧的) dead zones the size of countries,” Cameron says.Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide—about 30 percent of which is absorbed by the sea. This absorption causes ocean acidification, where the pH level is altered to become more acidic. As a result, it’s harder for some creatures to form shells and skeletons and countless species at the base of the food web can struggle to survive, which, scientists say, has the potential to cause huge disruptions to entire ecosystems. Indeed, ocean acidification is thought to have pl ayed an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.The effect of climate change on the world’s oceans will likely worsen in coming decades. Last June, scientists announced carbon dioxide levels had reached the highest levels since human records began. The last time carbon dioxide levels were this high was during the Pliocene era, between 3 and 5 million years ago, when global temperatures were about 4 degrees Celsius warmer than they are today. Current climate models suggest that if greenhouse gas emissions continue on their current trend, we may be on course to see 4 degrees of warming by 2100.As a result, understanding the role oceans have on global systems is becoming more and more important.8. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A．The author’s feelings to the ocean.B．Cameron’s movies and remarks.C．The author’s discoveries under the sea.D．Cameron’s observation and concern.9. What can we infer from the passage?A．Several countries are suffering from anoxic dead zones.B．More concern should have been given to the pollution on oceans.C．Plastic is supposed to be the most serious environmental problem.D．Ocean acidification removes the nutrients from agricultural products.10. What does the underli ned word “disruptions” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A．Decreases. B．Destruction.C．Diseases. D．Discrimination.11. Why does the author mention the mass extinction event 252 million years ago?A．To call on people to protect sea animals.B．To compare current situations with the past.C．To explain how serious the ocean problem is.D．To prove pollution to be the cause of acidification.A snake-robot designer, a technologist, an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room. The journalist turns to the crowd and asks: Should we build houses on the ocean? Like a think-tank panel, members of the team dream up far-out answers to the crucial problem, such as self-driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny percentage become “projects” with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world, like Waymo, the biggest self-driving-car company.In the past 60 years, something strange has happened. As the academic study of creativity has thrived (蓬勃发展), the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor, but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the 1970s. John Fernald, an economist, points out that the notable exception to the post-1970 decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology-information technology. John Fernald says, “It’s possible that productivity took off, because we picked all the low-hanging fruit from the IT wave.” Actually. the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT. But where will the next technology shock come from?Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities—invention and innovation. Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs, while innovation is an invention put to commercial use. Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof. They tend to thrive in opposite conditions; while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation, invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.Allowing well-funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet. Today, we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research, whi le complaining about the harvest. “Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like. But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists, not the rush to market,” says John Gertner, the author of The Idea Factory.“Technology is a tall tree,” John Fernald said. “But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills, often mastered by different organizations and separated by many years.” As for me, both of t hem are essential for technology, although they are relatively independent. “I don’t think X is a planter or a harvester, actually. I think of X as building taller ladders. They reach where others cannot.” he added. Several weeks later, his words were repe ated to several X employees. “That’s perfect,” they said. “That’s so perfect.” Nobody knows for sure what, if anything, the employees at X are going to find up on those ladders. But they’re reaching. At least someone is.12. What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs?A．To present the process of group discussion. B．To illustrate X’s worry about big problems.C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas. D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.13. What can we learn from the Paragraph 3-4?A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.14. What’s X employee’ attitude regarding John Fernald’s view on technology?A．Ironic. B．Uninterested. C．Conservative. D．Supportive. 15. What can be inferred about X from the passage?A．It will focus on innovation. B．It will have its outcome soon.C．It may bring an encouraging outlook. D．It may give in to its fruitless reality.You will be leaving this school at the end of this year and the unavoidable question many people will ask you is, “So, what do you want to be?” 16 But many of you still don’t have a clue! Here are some things you might want to consider.First, does the career you are considering have staying power? Will it be in demand in 20 years? Rapid technological change is disruptive (破坏性的). 17 While many occupations are being taken over by new technology, jobs that require high-level of critical thinking, emotional intelligence and human interaction, remain in high demand. These jobs are more adaptable and not easily replaced by machines or technology.Second, choose a career that interests you. Some people might think this is unimportant, but if you are truly passionate about your job then going to work every day won’t seem a chore. It’s also likely that you will stay and grow in this career. Before making a choice, you should examine your values, skills and personality type. 18Third, of course you will want to consider your chosen profession’s earning power! Although high pay plays a part, you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top, much more effort and a higher level of stress. 19 If you have interests outside of work, or are struggling with other demands in your life, you might want to choose a less taxing line of work.20 Let me leave you with an old saying: “Choose a job you love, and you will neve r have to work a day in your life. “On a cold winter night, Andrew, a 22-year-old Canadian, suffered a heart attack and collapsed to the floor, unconscious.______, his dog, a 4-year-old Husky named Koda, didn’t______. Instead, the clever dog sprang into action and called 911.Koda ______the emergency number on a cell phone. The 911 operator heard______on the other end of the line and sent a police officer to conduct a(n) ______ . When the officer arrived at the house, he found Koda barking at the front door, ______to lead him inside.The officer quickly realized that something was______and followed Koda into the bedroom, where he found Andrew______on the floor. The officer called an ambulance and Andrew was rushed to the hospital, where he received timely______ .Andrew said th at he had______Koda to call 911 by pressing his nose against the phone’s screen. He never thought that Koda would______use the skill in a real emergency.The story of Koda’s_______act has gone viral (疯传), with people around the world praising the dog’s______and loyalty. This heartwarming tale is a(n)______of the special bond between humans and their pets. Koda may not be able to speak, but he communicated in a way that______a life —and that’s something truly remarkable.21.A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise22.A．panic B．bite C．care D．escape 23.A．stored B．remembered C．dialed D．chose24.A．silence B．sighs C．screams D．barks25.A．negotiation B．investigation C．experiment D．survey 26.A．pretending B．refusing C．trying D．deciding 27.A．missing B．different C．wrong D．strange 28.A．lying B．sitting C．resting D．struggling 29.A．advice B．information C．support D．treatment 30.A．trained B．persuaded C．allowed D．warned 31.A．gradually B．actually C．occasionally D．immediately 32.A．adventurous B．selfless C．considerate D．heroic 33.A．honesty B．creativity C．patience D．intelligence 34.A．reminder B．explanation C．test D．prediction 35.A．spared B．changed C．saved D．created阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

64名师讲坛阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。

（60分） （一）下图是2019年人民论坛问卷调查中心给出的“当代青年眼中好工作”的图表数据。

（二）“在选择职业时，我们应该遵循的主要指针是人类的幸福和我们自身的完美。

不应认为，这两种利益会彼此敌对、互相冲突，一种利益必定消灭另一种利益；相反，人的本性是这样的：人只有为同时代人的完美、为他们的幸福而工作，自己才能达到完美。

”——马克思中学毕业考试论文《青年在选择职业时的考虑》而今，即将中学毕业的你，面对未来的职业选择有着怎样的思考？请联系自身人生经历和社会时代特点，写一篇文章，和父母或者同学交流关于“青年职业选择”的看法。

要求：结合材料，自选角度，确定立意，自拟标题；切合身份，贴合背景；符合文体特征；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。

这道作文试题采用材料加任务的形式命制，内容关涉中学生核心素养中的“自主发展”。

其中材料一以数据的方式反映当下青年的择业观，帮助学生体认自身和思考周边青年人的职业选择问题；材料二以言论的方式阐释选择职业的原则，启发学生对职业选择的理性认知。

材料一中，“实现自己的梦想”占比最多，表明青年人以梦想为职业选择的主要依据。

需要注意的是，这里的“梦想”是泛化的表达，这个梦想可能是为国建功立业，可能是活得开心，也可能是一夜暴富。

所以泛谈实现梦想意义不大，必须要对梦想有所审辨，才能达成真实的交流。

“干得开心”占比居第二位，表明在职业选择时，青年人非常关注自身的内心感受。

关注职业带来的内心感受也是关心自己生命意义达成的一个重要标志。

不过，大家需要思考：开心是不是衡量职业价值的唯一标准或最重要标准？选择职业除了开心还要关注什么？“解决社会上长期不能解决的问题”和“代表国家形象”则更多地指向职业的社会价值，它表明部分青年在选择职业的时候意识到自身“社会人”的属性，期待自己的职业选择能给社会或他人以影响。

而“离家近”“钱多”“可以短期内获利”“事少”则表明部分青年在选择职业时的“自然人”属性，期待自己的职业选择能给个体欲望以满足。

厦门一中2023-2024学年高一上学期第二次适应性练习英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

AUNESCO World Heritage Sites were created to celebrate and safeguard the most unique places around the world. Below are my 4 favorite UNESCO World Heritage Sites.Cinque Terre, ItalyWith cars banned here, you’ll really get to feel the unique history and character of the Cinque Terre’s five centuries-old coastal villages. The breathtaking views of harbors（港口）far below the wild coastline along with the rich colors will definitely make it a memorable holiday.Angkor Wat, CambodiaAngkor Wat is the world’s largest religious（宗教的）monument and it contains impressive remains from the Khmer Empire（9th to 15th century）. The site has dozens of iconic temples like Ta Prohm（a magnificent temple ruin hidden in the jungle）. Hosting more than two million visitors annually, this artistic masterpiece is a must-see site.Petra, JordanPetra’s rock-cut architecture has contributed to its nickname, the Rose City, based on the color of the stone it was carved from. The delicate constructions of temples and tombs along with the remains of churches and temples are only a couple of reasons why this world-famous site is a must-visit destination.Yellowstone National Park, USAYellowstone’s vast wilderness includes mountain ranges, lakes and waterfalls. One of the main reasons for tourists to visit Yellowstone is to observe the amazing wildlife like grizzly bear, bison, bighorn sheep wander the plains and valleys.For a daily moment of travel inspiration, click here to follow me.21. Where can tourists enjoy beautiful harbor views?A. In Cinque Terre.B. In Angkor Wat.C. In Petra.D. In Yellowstone National Park.22. What do Angkor Wat and Petra have in common?A. Colorful stones.B. Religious relics.C. Coastal villages.D. Amazing wildlife.23. Where is the text probably from?A. A news report.B. A wildlife brochure.C. A travel blog.D. A culture guidebook.BWhen I handed my daughter a copy of King of the Wind by Marguerite Henry, she looked skeptical. Shereluctantly agreed to read it with me after I told her it was one of my favorite stories when I was her age, and her skepticism quickly morphed into enthusiasm as she fell in love with the book.Watching her connect to the story brought back a flood of memories about my first time reading the book. It was like introducing my daughter to a much younger version of myself. I highly recommend other parents share their favorite childhood books, a sweet activity with lots of benefits.Every night, I sit on the end of my daughters’beds and read them the stories I’ve cherished for decades. This distraction-free time gives my kids the chance to ask questions about the book we’re reading, the “olden days” when I was a kid, and whatever else is on their minds.My 9-year-old especially adores this time together and the deeper connection she feels to her family because of it. Reading her a book that holds significant meaning for me brings us together in a whole new way.There’s nothing better than watching my kids’ reactions to books I’ve loved my entire life. They chattered with excitement when Charlie found his golden ticket in Roald Dahl’s classic and pulled the covers over their blushing faces when Almanzo asked Laura if he could walk her home in the Little House series.In these moments, it feels like I’m reaching through time and connecting my childhood with theirs.Every generation has books that define them. For my kids, it’s mostly fantasy and realistic fiction. By reading my childhood favorites to them, my kids step outside their comfort zones and try new genres, authors, and writing styles. My 9-year-old didn’t know she loved folklore until we read my favorite collection of Japanese children’s stories together. My 11-year-old became obsessed with wilderness survival stories when I read Scott O’Dell’s Island of the Blue Dolphins to her.24. Which can best replace the underlined word in the first paragraph?A. changedB. translatedC. builtD. burnt25. How does reading together influence the author and his daughters?A. They don t understand each other.B. They forget their unhappiness in the past.C. They become closer to each other.D. They get bored with each other.26. What are the kids’responses to the books the author loved in his childhood?A. They are excited and pleased.B. They are bored but curious.C. They are astonished and sad.D. They are uninterested but grateful.27. What can we infer about the author from the last paragraph?A. He burdens his children by reading.B. He helps his children find their interests.C. He fails to get his children out of fantasy.D. He prefers to read children’s books.CWhen international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure（确保）that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to peoplein another nation. The United Nations Organization（UNO）could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Herehowever rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give me a fish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.28. According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?A. By solving the cost problems.B. By solving the transportation problems.C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.29. What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?A. Providing food is vital.B. Learning to fish is helpful.C. Teaching skills is essential. D Looking after others is important.30. Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?A. A medical team.B. An exchange program.C. A water plant.D. Financial support.31. What can we infer about international aid from the passage?A. It is facing difficulties.B. It is unnecessary during normal times.C. It should be given in the form of materials.D. It has gained support from developed countries.DThe curb cut（路缘坡）is a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder—in more ways than one.Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb, skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car—all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut.But it was created with a different purpose in mind.It’s hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps（斜坡）to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest” for wheelchair-bound people. So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help disadvantaged people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently.I think about the “curb cut effect” a lot when working on issues around health equality. The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by PolicyLink CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equality as “a zero-sum game（零和游戏）”. Basically, there is a deeply rooted social belief among them that intentionally supporting one group hurts another. What the curb cut effect reveals though, Blackwell said is that “when society-creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.”One such example is closed captioning（字幕）, originally intended to help deaf people understand movies and TV shows without needing to hear dialogue or sounds. But it’s easy to think of other applications for closed captioning: it’s convenient for customers watching TV in a noisy bar or gym, second-language learners who want to read as well as listen, or students who use it as a study aid.So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.32. What does the underlined quote imply concerning a six-inch curb?A. It is an unforgettable symbol.B. It is an impassable barrier.C. It is an important sign.D. It is an impressive landmark.33. According to Angela Blackwell, what do many people believe?A. It’s not worthwhile to promote health equality.D It’s necessary to go all out to help the disabled.C. It’s impossible to have everyone treated equally.D. It’s fair to give the disadvantaged more help than others.34. Which of the following examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle?A. The four great inventions of ancient China spread to other countries in the world.B. Reading machines for blind people help build the digital maps drivers use to navigate.C. Your reaching out to the disadvantaged contributes to more people doing it.D. A butterfly flapping its wings in one country leads to a Tornado in another country.35. What is the main idea of the text?A. The curb cut is a convenient ramp designed to benefit the disabled.B. Everyone in a society should be treated equally.C. Supporting disadvantaged groups often ends up benefiting much larger ranges of society.D. How disability rights activists fought for equality that changed the life of his followers.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。

龙岩一中2023届高三年级第一学期第二次月考英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分)听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What will Joe do?A. Leave his company.B. Work in Paris.C. Move house.2. Why is the man making the call?A. To remind the woman of a rainstorm.B. To make work arrangements.C. To have his house repaired.3. What does the man think of the training?A. Disappointing.B. Satisfying.C. Worrying.4. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In the man’s office.B. In a meeting room.C. At home.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. An open-minded politician.B. Public opinion.C. An outstanding teacher.第二节(共15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分)听下面5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

福建省厦门市厦门第一中学2024届高三下学期第二次质量检测试题英语试题试卷考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。

2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。

3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．The financial damage is nothing compared to what _______ if there had been children in the classroom in time of the fire.A．would happen B．happenedC．would have happened D．should have happened2．I appreciate ______ the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.A．giving B．to give C．being given D．to be given3．Careers Advice service is only available to people on day-time courses.A．to study B．studyC．studied D．studying4．When the old man woke up, he found someone his TV in the living room.A．stole B．steal C．stealing D．stolen5．—Mum, I am worrying about my pet dog while we are away.—Boy, you ________. Our neighbor has offered to help us.A．can’t B．wouldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t6．—Let’s go to the cinema this Sunday morning.—I’d love to，but I ________ as a volunteer in my community then.A．will work B．have workedC．will be working D．was working7．________ themselves in the community services, students can gain experience for growth.A．Involved B．To involveC．Having been involved D．Involving8．Why do you want a new job ______ you’ve got such a good one already?A．that B．whereC．which D．when9．Don’t take it seriously，Alice．I wasn’t making _____ fun of you —it’s nothing but _____ joke．A．/; the B．the; theC．the; a D．/; a10．Never in my life ________ such a beautiful sunrise!A．have I seen B．I have seenC．did I see D．I saw11．With the development of economy，our income has increased ________ 10% in less than a year.A．for B．byC．on D．at12．----Could I ask you a private question?----Sure,A．pardon me B．go ahead C．good idea D．forget it13．The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017.A．announced B．was announced C．announces D．is announced14．—What a mess! You’re always throwing things about.—Don’t be ____, Mum. I will tidy it up now.A．hot under the collar B．on cloud nineC．off the top of your head D．down in the dumps15．Tourists are required to _________ local customs and mind their manners when travelling abroad.A．spot B．confirmC．observe D．spread16．Was it from the lake ______ he often went fishing ______ he saved the drowning girl?A．that; that B．where; whereC．where; that D．that; where17．Having pictures to color will keep children ______for hours.A．amused B．amusingC．amuse D．to amuse18．Helen said that she would bring me Justin Bieber's latest CD the next day, but she .A．wouldn't B．didn'tC．hadn' t D．hasn't19．The same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. It’s about ________you’re made of, not the circumstances.A．that B．whatC．how D．who20．Justin a book about his adventures in Tibet．I hope he can find a good publisher when it is finished．A．was writing B．is currently writing C．has already written D．wrote第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

注意事项:1、本试卷分第I卷(选择题) 和第II卷(非选择题) 两部分, 答题前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。

2、回答第I卷时, 选出每小题的答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑, 如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。

写在试卷上无效。

3、回答第Ⅱ卷时, 将答案填写在答题卡上, 写在试卷上无效。

4. 考试结束, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷(选择题, 共95 分)第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A. £19. 15.B. £9. 18.C. £9. 15.答案是C。

1. Where are the speakers probably?A. Al a bus stop.B. At school.C. At home.2. What will the speakers do next?A. Order food.B. Ask for the menu.C. Leave the restaurant.3. Why does the man make the phone call?A. To cancel a visit.B. To make an appointment.C. To give some information.4. What did the speakers do last week?A. They stayed at a hotel.B. They moved their house.C. They made aspecial meal.5. What is the woman probably?A. A student.B. A math teacher.C. A head teacher. 第二节(共15 小题; 每小题1.5 分, 满分22.5 分)听下面5段对话或独白, 每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟: 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

福建省厦门第一中学2024—2025学年度第一学期10月学业调研评估初一年数学学科练习第Ⅰ卷说明：（1）考试时间60分钟．满分120分．（2）所有答案都必须写在答题卡指定方框内，答在框外一律不得分．（3）选择题用2B铅笔填涂，其余一律用黑色水笔做答；不能使用涂改液/带．第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、选择题（每题3分，共30分）1. 如果收入100元记作+100元．那么−80元表示（）A. 支出20元B. 支出80元C. 收入20元D. 收入80元【答案】B【解析】【分析】根据正负数的意义进一步求解即可.【详解】∵收入100元记作+100元，∴−80元表示支出80元，故选：B.【点睛】本题主要考查了正负数的意义，熟练掌握相关概念是解题关键.2. –2017的相反数是（）A. －2017B. 2017C.12017− D.12017【答案】B【解析】【分析】一个数的相反数就是在这个数前面添上“-”号，据此可得．【详解】解：–2017的相反数是2017，故选B．【点睛】本题考查了相反数的概念．解题的关键是掌握相反数的概念．只有符号不同的两个数互为相反数．3. 数轴上的点A到原点的距离是5，则点A表示的数为（）A. -5B. 5C. 5或-5D. 2．5或-2．5【答案】C【解析】【详解】根据题意知：到数轴原点的距离是5的点表示的数，即绝对值是5的数，应是±5．故选C ．4. 化学老师在实验室中发现了四个因操作不规范沾染污垢或被腐蚀的砝码，经过测量，超出标准质量的部分记为正数、不足的部分记为负数，它们中质量最接近标准的是（ ）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】求出超过标准的克数和低于标准的克数的绝对值，绝对值小的则是最接近标准的球．本题考查正数与负数以及绝对值，熟练掌握绝对值的意义是解题的关键．【详解】解：通过求4个排球的绝对值得：| 1.1| 1.1−=，|0.6|0.6−=，|0.9|0.9+=，|1|1+=．0.6−的绝对值最小，所以这个砝码是最接近标准的球．故选：B ．5. 数轴上的点M 对应的数是2−，那么将点M 向右移动4个单位长度，此时点M 表示的数是（ ）A. 6−B. 2C. 6−或2D. 6 【答案】B【解析】【分析】本题考查了数轴上数的表示以及数轴上点的变化规律，熟练掌握点在数轴上移动的规律是解题的关键．根据点在数轴上移动的规律，左减右加；列出算式，计算即可；【详解】解：242−+=故选：B ．6. 3x =，4y =，则x y −的值是（ ）A. 7−B. 1C. 1−或7D. 1或7−【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题考查绝对值的意义，有理数的减法；求出y 的值，然后代入x y −中即可求出答案．【详解】解：由题意可知：3x =，4y =±，当4y =时，341x y −=−=−，当4y =−时，347x y −=+=，故选：C ．7. 魏晋时期数学家刘徽在《九章算术注》中用不同颜色的算筹（小棍形状的记数工具）分别表示正数和负数（白色为正，黑色为负），图（1）表示的是()()235431++−=−的计算过程，则图（2）表示的计算过程是（ ）A. ()()22231−++=B. ()()223210−++=C. ()()223210++−=−D. ()()22231++−=−【答案】B【解析】 【分析】由白色算筹表示正数，灰色算筹表示负数，即可列式计算．详解】解：由题意可得：图（2）表示的计算过程是()()223210−++=， 故选B ．【点睛】本题考查正负数的表示，关键是明白白色算筹表示正数，灰色算筹表示负数．8. 有理数a 、b 在数轴上的位置如图所示，则下列各式运算结果符号为正的是（ ）A. a b −B. a bC. abD. a b +【答案】D【【解析】 【分析】本题考查了数轴，有理数的加减乘除运算法则，根据数轴可得0,a b a b <<<，进而逐项分析判断，即可求解． 【详解】解：根据数轴可得0,a b a b <<<，∴0a b −<，0a b<，0ab <，0a b +>， 故选：D ．9. 体育课上全班女生进行百米测验，达标成绩为18秒，第一小组8名女生的成绩如下：30.500.11 2.6 1.60.3−+−−−+−，，，，，，，其中“＋”表示成绩小于18秒，“﹣”表示成绩大于18秒，则这个小组的达标率是（ ）A. 25%B. 37.5%C. 50%D. 62.5%【答案】B【解析】【分析】根据正负数的意义可得达标的有3人，然后计算即可．【详解】解：由题意得，达标的有3人， 则这个小组达标率是3100%37.5%8×=， 故选：B ．【点睛】本题考查了正负数的意义，有理数的除法，根据正负数的意义得出达标的人数是解题的关键． 10. 已知整数1234a a a a ……，，，，满足下列条件：12101a a a ==−+，，324323a a a a ++……-，=，=-依此类推，则2023a 的值为（ ）A. 1011−B. 1010−C. 2022−D. 2023−【答案】A【解析】【分析】分别求出234567a a a a a a ，，，，，的值，观察其数值的变化规律，进而求出2023a 的值．【详解】解：根据题意可得， 10a =，2111a a +=-=-，3221a a +=−=-，的4332a a =−+=−，5442a a =−+=−，6553a a =−+=−，7663a a =−+=−，…观察其规律可得，202312022−=，202221011÷=，20231011a ∴=−，故选：A ．【点睛】本题考查了数的变化规律，通过计算前面几个数的数值观察其规律是解本题的关键，综合性较强，难度适中．第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）二、填空题（第11题每空2分，其余每空3分，共25分）11. （1）化简：2−−=______；()2−−=______；2128−=______； （2）9−的倒数是______； （3）比较大小：32−______43−（填“>”或“<”）． 【答案】 ①. 2− ②. 2 ③. 34−##0.75− ④. 19− ⑤. < 【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了求一个数的绝对值，化简多重符号，有理数大小的比较，求一个数的倒数，根据相关的定义进行计算即可．（1）根据绝对值的意义，相反数定义进行计算即可；（2）根据“乘积为1的两个数互为倒数”进行计算即可；（3）根据两个负数比较大小的方法：绝对值大的反而小，进行比较大小即可．【详解】解：（1）2=2−−−；()2=2−−；213284−=−； 故答案为：2−；2；34−；（2）9−的倒数是19−； 故答案为：19−；（3）3322−=，4433−=， ∵3423>， ∴3423−<−， 故答案为：<．12. 比3−小8的数是________．【答案】11−【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了有理数减法计算，只需要求出38−−的结果即可得到答案．【详解】解：3811−−=−，∴比3−小8的数是11−，故答案为：11−．13. 如图，数轴上的两个点分别表示3−和m ，请写出一个符合条件的m 的整数值：______________．【答案】4−（答案不唯一）． 【解析】【分析】本题主要考查数轴，解题关键是熟知当数轴方向朝右时，右边的数总比左边的数大．由题图可知，3m <−，写出一个符合条件的m 值即可．【详解】解：由题图可知，3m <−，∴符合条件的m 的整数值可以为4−（答案不唯一）．故答案为：4−（答案不唯一）． 14. 绝对值小于3的所有整数的和是______．【答案】0【解析】【分析】根据绝对值的性质得出绝对值小于3的所有整数，再求和即可．【详解】解：绝对值小于3的所有整数有：21012−−，，，，，它们的和为：0，故答案为：0．【点睛】本题考查了绝对值的性质，解题的关键是熟知绝对值的概念及性质，并正确求一个数的绝对值．15. 若320x y ++−=，则x y +=_________________ ． 【答案】1−【解析】【分析】本题主要考查绝对值的非负性，熟练掌握绝对值的非负性是解题的关键．根据绝对值的非负性求出x y 、的值即可得到答案．【详解】解： 320x y ++−=， 30x ∴+=，20y −=， 3,2x y ∴=−=，321x y ∴+=−+=−，故答案为：1−．16. 在一条可以折叠的数轴上，点A ，B 表示的数分别是10−，3，（如图1）以点C 为折点，将此数轴向右对折，折叠后若点A 落在点B 的右边（如图2），且A 、B 两点距离是1，则点C 表示的数是______．【答案】3−【解析】【分析】本题主要考查数轴，熟练掌握数轴上两点的距离与点表示的数的运算关系是解答的关键．先根据A B 、表示的数求得的长，再由折叠后AB 的长求得BC 的长，进而可确定点C 表示的数．【详解】解：A B ，表示的数分别是10−，3，()31013AB ∴=−−=，∵折叠后点A 在点B 的右边，且1AB =，131162BC +∴=−=， C ∴点表示的数是363−=−，故答案为：3−．三、解答题（本大题共8题，共65分）17. 把下列各数的序号填在相应的集合里：①35−，②0.2，③47−，④0，⑤122−，⑥π，⑦ 2.3 ，⑧320+． 整数集合：{_________________________}⋅⋅⋅；负分数集合：{_________________________}⋅⋅⋅；正有理数集合：{_________________________}⋅⋅⋅．【答案】①④⑧；③⑤⑦；②⑧【解析】【分析】本题考查了实数的分类，掌握有理数的概念和实数的分类方法是解题的关键．按照实数的分类填写，实数分为有理数和无理数，无理数是无限不循环小数，有理数分为整数和分数，整数分为正整数，0和负整数，分数分为正分数和负分数．【详解】解：整数集合{①35−，④0，⑧320+…}负分数集合{③47−，⑤122−，⑦ 2.3 …} 正有理数集合{②0.2，⑧320+…}．， 故答案为：①④⑧；③⑤⑦；②⑧．18. 将下列各数在数轴上表示出来，并用“<”把这些数连接起来．5+，0.5−，4−，0，112，123− 【答案】11420.501532−<−<−<<<+，数轴见解析 【解析】【分析】首先根据在数轴上表示数的方法，在数轴上表示出所给的各数；然后根据当数轴方向朝右时，右边的数总比左边的数大，把这些数由小到大用“<”号连接起来即可．【详解】解：如图所示，11420.501532−<−<−<<<+； 19. 计算（1）()()4282924−−−−+−；（2）()11324864 −−+×−；（3）()()()2584−×+−÷−；（4）()1481227349−÷×−−−÷．【答案】（1）27−（2）11−（3）8−（4）7−【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了有理数混合运算，解题的关键是熟练掌握有理数混合运算法则，“先算乘方，再算乘除，最后算加减，有小括号的先算小括号里面的”．（1）根据有理数加减混合运算法则进行计算即可；（2）根据乘法分配律进行计算即可；（3）根据有理数四则混合运算法则进行计算即可；（4）先计算绝对值，然后根据有理数四则混合运算法则进行计算即可．【小问1详解】解：()()4282924−−−−+−4282924=−−+−32292432427=−；【小问2详解】 解：()11324864−−+×−()()()113242424864=−×−−×−+×−3418=+−11=−；【小问3详解】解：()()()2584−×+−÷−102=−+8=−；【小问4详解】 解：()1481227349−÷×−−−÷ ()4481999=−××−− 169=−+7=−．20. 出租车沿东西方向的道路上来回行驶，早上从A 地出发，中午到达B 地，约定向东为正方向，当天行驶路程记录如下：4+，6−，8+，5−，4，6+，10+，9−．（单位：千米） （1）B 地在A 地什么方向？距离A 地多远？（2）若汽车每千米耗油0.1升，出发前汽车油箱有油10升，求到达B 地后汽车油箱还剩多少升油？【答案】（1）B 地在A 地的正东方向，距离A 地12千米（2）到达B 地后汽车还剩4.8升油【解析】【分析】本题考查有理数四则混合运算应用、正负数的应用，关键是理解题意，正确列出算式． （1）将记录数据相加，根据和的符号可作出判断；（2）求得记录数据绝对值的和，即为行驶的路程，进而列式计算即可．【小问1详解】解：∵()()()46854610912++−++−++++−=（千米）， ∴B 地在A 地的正东方向，距离A 地12千米．小问2详解】 解：这一天走的总路程为：46854610952+−++−++++−=（千米）， 应耗油520.1 5.2×=（升）， 10 5.2 4.8−=（升）， 答：到达B 地后汽车还剩4.8升油．21. 食品厂从生产的袋装食品中抽出样品20袋，检测每袋的质量是否符合标准，超过或不足的部分分别用正、负来表示，记录如下表： 与标准质量的差值（单位：克） 5− 2− 0 1 3 6的【袋数1 4 3 4 5 3（1）这批样品的平均质量比标准质量是超过还是不足？平均每袋超过或不足多少克？（2）若每袋标准质量为450克，求抽样检测的样品总质量是多少？【答案】（1）这批样品的平均质量比标准质量多，平均每袋多1.2克（2）抽样检测的样品总质量是9024克【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了正负数的实际应用，有理数混合计算的实际应用，熟知相关计算法则是解题的关键．（1）根据有理数的加法，可得总质量比标准质量多，根据平均数的意义，可得答案；（2）根据标准质量加上比标准质量多的，可得答案．【小问1详解】解：根据题意，得：()()512403143563−×+−×+×+×+×+×()5841518=−+−+++24=（克）， 平均质量为2420 1.2÷=（克）， 答：这批样品的平均质量比标准质量多，平均每袋多1.2克；【小问2详解】45020249024×+=（克）， 答：抽样检测的样品总质量是9024克．22. 已知有理数x 、y 满足||9x =，||5y =．（1）若0x <，0y >，求+x y 的值；（2）若||x y x y +=+，求x y −的值．【答案】（1）4−（2）4或14【解析】【分析】（1）先根据绝对值的定义和0x <，0y >求出x 和y 的值，再代入+x y 计算；（2）先根据绝对值的定义和||x y x y +=+求出x 和y 的值，再代入x y −计算【小问1详解】解：∵||9x =，||5y =，∴x =±9，y =±5．∵0x <，0y >∴x =−9，y =5，∴x +y =−9+5=−4．【小问2详解】解：∵||9x =，||5y =，∴x =±9，y =±5．∵||x y x y +=+，∴x +y ≥0，∴x =9，y =5或x =9，y =−5，∴x y −=9−5=4或x y −=9−（−5）=14．【点睛】本题考查了绝对值的定义和有理数的加减运算，正确求出x 和y 的值是解答本题的关键． 23. 定义新运算：11a b a b ∗=−，1a b ab⊗=（右边的运算为平常的加、减、乘、除）． 例如:114373721∗=−=，11373721⊗==×． 若a b a b ⊗=∗，则称有理数,a b 为“隔一数对”．例如:1123236⊗==×，11123236∗=−=，2323⊗=∗，所以2，3就是一对“隔一数对”． （1）下列各组数是“隔一数对”的是 （请填序号） ①1,2a b ==； ②1,1a b =−=； ③41,33a b =−=−． （2）计算：(3)4(3)4(31415)(31415)−∗−−⊗+−∗−（3）已知两个连续的非零整数都是“隔一数对”．计算：1223344520202021⊗+⊗+⊗+⊗++⊗ ．【答案】（1）①③；（2）12−；（3）20202021 【解析】【分析】（1）按照题干定义进行计算，判断是否满足条件即可；（2）直接根据题目定义分别计算各项，然后再合并求解即可；（3）根据定义进行变形和拆项，然后根据规律求解即可．【详解】解：（1）①1,2a b ==； ∵111122a b ∗=−=，11122a b ⊗==×， ∴a b a b ⊗=∗，则①是“隔一数对”；②1,1a b =−=； ∵11211a b ∗=−=−−，1111a b ⊗==−−×， ∴a b a b ⊗≠∗，则②不是“隔一数对”； ③41,33a b =−=−； ∵94131143a b −−∗=−=，1941433a b ⊗== −×−， ∴a b a b ⊗=∗，则③是“隔一数对”；故答案为：①③；（2）根据定义，原式()1111134343141531415−−+−−−×−− 111034(3)4−−+−−× 711212=−+ 12=−； （3）根据定义，原式1223344520202021=∗+∗+∗+∗++∗1111111111()()()()()1223344520202021=−+−+−+−++− 112021=− 20202021=． 【点睛】本题考查有理数的定义新运算，仔细审题，理解题干中的新定义，熟练掌握有理数的混合运算法则是解题关键．24. 数轴上有A ，B ，C 三点，给出如下定义：若其中一个点与其它两个点的距离恰好满足2倍的数量关系，则称该点是其它两个点的“关联点”.例：如图1所示，数轴上点A ，B ，C 所表示的数分别为1，3，4，因为3124312AB BC AB BC =−==−==，，，所以称点B 是点A ，C 的“关联点”．图1（1）如图2所示，点A 表示数2−，点B 表示数1，下列各数2，4，6所对应的点分别是C 1，C 2，C 3其中是点A ，B 的“关联点”的是 ;图2（2）如图3所示，点A 表示数10−，点B 表示数15，P 为数轴上一个动点：①若点P 在点B 的左侧，且P 是点A ，B 的“关联点”，求此时点P 表示的数；②若点P 在点B 的右侧，点P ，A ，B 中，有一个点恰好是其它两个点的“关联点”， 请求出此时点P 表示的数.图3【答案】（1）C 2 （2）①点P 35−，520,33−；②点P 表示的数为5540652，， 【解析】【分析】（1）分别求出点C 1，C 2，C 3到,A B 两点间的距离，再进行验证即可；（2）①分类讨论点P 在AAAA 之间和点P 在A 点左侧时的情况即可；②分类讨论点P 为点,A B 的“关联点”、点B 为点,A P 的“关联点”、点A 为点,B P 的“关联点”即可求解．【小问1详解】解：∵()11224,211AC BC =−−==−=∴点C 1不是点A ，B 的“关联点”∵()22426,413AC BC =−−==−=∴222AC BC =即：点2C 是点A ，B 的“关联点”∵()33628,615AC BC =−−==−=∴点3C 不是点A ，B 的“关联点”故答案为：2C【小问2详解】解：解：设点P 在数轴上表示的数为p①（i ）当点P 在AAAA 之间时，若2AP BP =，则()10215p p +=− 解得：203p =若2BP AP =，则()15210p p −=+ 解得：53p =−（ii ）当点P 在A 点左侧时，则2BP AP =，即：()15210p p −=−− 解得：35p =−故：点P 表示的数为35−，520,33−；②（i ）当点P 为点,A B 的“关联点”时，则2PA PB =，即：()10215p p +=−解得：40p =（ii ）当点B 为点,A P “关联点”时，则2AB PB =，即：()1510215p +=− 解得：552p =或2BP AB =,即：()1521510p −=+解得：65p =（iii ）当点A 为点,B P 的“关联点”时，则2AP AB =，即：()1021510p +=+的解得：40p=故：点P表示的数为55 40652，，【点睛】本题以新定义题型为背景，考查了数轴上两点间的距离公式．掌握相关结论，进行分类讨论是解题关键．。

福建省厦门双十中学2024~2025学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题一、阅读理解Redoxon Double Action Kids ChewableThis product provides a unique combination of Vitamin C and Zinc, active ingredients which are suited for the growth and development of kids (2-12 years). Vitamin C helps to speed up recovery from colds and Zinc is crucial for the normal cellular immune function. The tablets come in a heart shaped format with a delicious tutti frutti flavor.Sugar-FreeDosage:Children (2-3 years): 1 tablet dailyChildren (4 years and above): 1-2 tablets dailyOr as directed by a physician.Store below 25℃.Recommended to children who can thoroughly chew and safely swallow without supervision.A2Always wash hands with soap and water and dry using a clean cloth. Add two built-in level scoops of powder for each 100ml of water. Serve immediately or chill in refrigerator for 30 minutes. Prepare each drink as needed. It is safer to use freshly prepared drinks. Do not store drinks for more than 24 hours in the refrigerator. After months, water and milk should be your toddler’s (学步的小孩) main drinks. These should be offered in a cup rather than a feeding bottle. Always close lid immediately after use. Use contents within 4 weeks of opening.MFD 21/04/2016 20:26USE BY 19/04/2017Made In New Zealand1．Who may need Redoxon Double Action Kids Chewable most?A．A 2-year-old boy who likes a heart shape.B．A 3-year-old girl who often suffers from colds.C．A baby who has a sweet tooth.D．A high school student who lacks Vitamin C．2．Which of the following statements is true about A2?A．For a toddler a cup instead of a feeding bottle is recommended.B．It’s better to use this can of A2 before April 19, 2016.C．We’d better use up A2 within about 4 months.D．Unfinished drinks must be abandoned immediately.3．The information is most probably taken from _____________.A．a beauty magazine B．a travel brochureC．instructions of products D．feeding guidesSome people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my six­-year­old son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a week long trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day．I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay. I took my nine-­month­old and took off for home．The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged — okay, ordered — them to wait it out at the airport, to “earn” more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1,600．Not bad, huh?Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big­time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up．I’ve made a living looking for the best deals and exposing（揭露）the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of NBC’s Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in．I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth. I’m also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wouldn’t hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its shape longer, and it’s the first thing people notice. And Iwill also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts．4．Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?A．They took a later flight．B．They had early bookings．C．Their flight had been delayed．D．Their flight had been cancelled．5．What can we learn about the author?A．She rarely misses a good deal．B．She seldom makes a compromise．C．She is very strict with her children．D．She is interested in cheap products．6．What does the author do?A．She’s a teacher．B．She’s a housewife．C．She’s a media person．D．She’s a businesswoman．7．What does the author want to tell us?A．How to expose bad tricks．B．How to reserve airline seats．C．How to spend money wisely．D．How to make a business deal．WHAT ARE RIP CURRENTS?Rip currents (裂流) are like the rivers of the sea, transporting water near the shore back out into the ocean depths. The presence of these currents can be hidden by the wild movements of the surrounding waves. This means that as well as carrying seaweed and pieces of materials quickly out to sea, they can rapidly sweep away even the strongest swimmers. Around 80 percent of all lifeguard rescues are caused by powerful rip currents pulling a swimmer into danger.If you find yourself being pulled out to sea by an unsuspected rip current, you should remain calm, focus on staying afloat and, if you can, swim parallel to the shore. Your instincts might tell you to swim towards land, as this is where you’re aiming to get to, but the current will be too strong to swim against. Instead, aim to move across the current and into slower flowing water next to it. A rip current may only pull you just past the breaking waves, but in some cases they can take you hundreds of metres offshore. The strength of currents can be hard to predict, so it’s safest to stay on lifeguarded beaches and not to swim if you see any indication of a rip current.8．Understanding rip currents can help _________.A．prevent you from swimming into dangerB．transport water out into the ocean depthsC．clear away seaweed and pieces of materialsD．warn lifeguards against rescue in rip currents9．What should one do when caught in a rip current?A．Swim towards the beach.B．Swim parallel to the shore.C．Swim against the current.D．Swim away from land.10．The second illustration( see figure 2) probably explains _________.A．difference between various currents B．two types of zones off shoreC．an ideal route to surf in safety D．how rip currents form11．Which of the following is the path of a rip current?A．1000 metres off the shore beyond “HEAD”.B．The channel through the gap in a sandbar.C．Over the narrow stretch of a sandbar.D．The passage across the shoreline.Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way. The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision, clarity, and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split.There is nothing wrong with clarity, precision, and the like — but this isn’t the only way to do philosophy. Outside academic journals, abstract philosophical ideas are often expressed through literature, cinema, and song. There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story, and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage, rather than putting the reader to sleep.One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which tries to be very clear, stories don’t wear their meanings on their sleeve — they require interpretation, and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with.Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics (形而上学) of race — an area of philosophy that explorers the question of whether or not race is real. There are three main positions that you can take on these questions. You might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position known as “biological realism”). Or you might think of race as socially real, like days of the week or currencies (“social constructionism”). Finally, you might think that races are unreal — that they’re more like leprechauns (一种魔法精灵) than they are like Thursdays or dollars (“anti-realism”).A great example of a story with social constructionist taking on race is George Schuyler’s novel Black No More. In the book, a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites. Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure. White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are “really” White from thosewho merely appear to be White. In a final episode, Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way, which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one’s skin-darkening it so as to look more While.Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life. They are stories to think with.12．What does the author think of philosophical stories?A．The meaning behind is very obvious.B．They are extremely precise and formal.C．They often cause conflicts among readers.D．They are engaging and inspire critical thinking.13．Which category might “Christmas” fall into according to paragraph 4?A．Social constructionism.B．Anti-realism.C．Biological realism.D．Literary realism.14．What is Black No More in paragraph 5 mainly about?A．Racial issues caused by skin colors.B．A society view on race and self-image.C．Black people accepted by the white society.D．The origin of sun bathing among white people.15．What is the best title of the text?A．Stories Made Easy B．Stories to Think withC．Positions in Philosophy D．Nature of Philosophical WritingThere has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 16Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 17 Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less thantwenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.18 The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.19 The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 20 Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.A．Billions of people rely on fish for protein.B．Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish.C．Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low.D．This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”.E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.F．Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife.G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught.二、完形填空When I was young, my mom would take me on Transportation Days. It went like this: You can’t take any 21 of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the subway. We’d take the subway into the city center, then 22 a bus, and then maybe the tram. At the end of the day, Mom’s friend gave us a ride home — our 23 car ride of the day.On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the 24 . It’s not only that Mom taught us how to 25 . As I grew older, she helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have 26 my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? What 27 , which direction and will I get wet when we go under the river?28 you learn the route map and step with certainty over the 29 between the train and the platform, nothing is 30 anymore. New cities are just light-rail lines to be 31 . And your car becomes just one more tool in the toolbox — and often a(n) 32 one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet.Mom was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She 33 that only depending on cars was a failure of imagination and, 34 , a failure of confidence— the 35 of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.21．A．picture B．number C．means D．species 22．A．getting off B．queuing for C．pushing behind D．switching to 23．A．last B．first C．family D．short 24．A．point B．solution C．problem D．service 25．A．get around B．take over C．get by D．show off 26．A．applauded B．ignored C．ruined D．inspired 27．A．size B．track C．style D．color 28．A．Even if B．Unless C．In case D．Once 29．A．difference B．bond C．gap D．period 30．A．absurd B．urgent C．amazing D．frightening 31．A．removed B．drawn C．found D．explored 32．A．superior B．insufficient C．important D．expensive 33．A．understood B．denied C．doubted D．imagined 34．A．on average B．above all C．in contrast D．for instance 35．A．product B．start C．value D．basis三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2020-2021学年厦门市翔安第一中学高三英语月考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADesign a science holiday to win a science holidayIs there a scientific holiday,tour,vacation or experience in your list that you dream of making a reality? We might just be able to help with that! We are the crowd sourcing thoughts and suggestions onnew tours,and the winner will receive two free places on their tour when it's launched.Starting entries 1st May 2020Deadline 31st August 2020ENTER NOW---Write a brief description of your ideal science holiday,tour,vacation or experience.---No matter how big or small,we are looking for brilliant, unique thoughts.It can be a complex multi-location overseas holiday tour,a weekend away deep-diving,or a simple walking tour(and everything in between).---Our current tours are mainly individual-focused but we would love to hear ideas for families and schools.---Creations that have environmentally friendly themes and a low carbon impact are also welcome.---Your entry can be as simple as a great title but writing more specifies will improve the possibility of walking off with the prize.---The competition doesn't close by September,2020,so plenty of time to brainstorm your entry.---We will launch the best idea in late 2020 or at the beginning of 2021. The winner will receive the award once the result is published.If you want to submit more than 3,999 words,include photos/maps with your entry, or submit multiple entries then send it to tours @ . The competition guidelines and other related information are available at .1. When will the winner probably be announced?A. In August,2020.B. In September,2020.C. In January,2021.D. In May,2021.2. What kind of entries might be more likely to win?A. Those producing a low carbon impact.B. Those with a long and unique title.C. Those providing detailed information.D. Those for individual-focused tours.3. What is the purpose of this text?A. To give guidance on a competition.B. To advertise a science holiday.C. To inspire creativity in teenagers.D. To collect the ideas for tours.BSalad plants have already been grown in old sheltersand tunnels. Urban farming is a regular topic of interest at places like the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, where leaders consider whether the world's food system, blamed for causing both obesity and malnutrition, can be fixed. There are already plenty of urban farming projects around the world, particularly in the US, Japan and the Netherlands, from urban fish and plant farms to vertical farming.“It's becoming an expanding industry,” said Richard Ballard, one of the founders of the farm Growing Underground. “There're several other businesses starting up in London in containers, and there are other vertical farms around the country now.”Growing Underground is not a standard farm. The rows of crops could be in almost any tunnel, but these plants are 100 feet below Clapham High Street and show that urban agriculture is, in some cases at least, nota fad. The underground farm has occupied a part of the Second World War air-raid shelters for nearly five years, and Ballard is planning to expand into the rest of the space later this year.Growing Underground supplies herb and salad mixes to grocery shops, supermarkets and restaurants. Being in London creates an advantage, Ballard says, as they can harvest and deliver in an hour.He adds other advantages. Being underground means temperatures never go below 15℃surface greenhouses need to be heated. They can do more harvests: 60 crops a year, compared with about seven in a traditional farm. Electricity to power the lights is a major cost, but the company believes renewable energy will become cheaper.Similar British companies include the Jones Food Company in Lincolnshire, while in the US AeroFarms has several projects in New Jersey, and Edenworks in Brooklyn.4. What do we know about urban farming?A. It leads to a healthier lifestyle.B. It is rarely discussed at the WEF.C. Different farming methods are used.D. Local governments pay efforts to develop it.5. Which of the following best explains "a fad" underlined in Paragraph 3?A. A dream that's easy to realize.B. A field controlled for a long time.C. An approach to a serious problem.D. A fashion that’s popular for a short time.6. What can we learn about the underground farm?A. It is more productive than a traditional farm.B. It provides food directly to the customers.C. Its major products are herbs and salads.D. It uses less energy than a greenhouse.7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Current food system causes health problemsB. Growing Underground attracts more peopleC. Traditional farming will be replaced soonD. Urban farming isstill thought costly and time-consumingCThese days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world. Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world! The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China. It was then known as cuju (kick ball), a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside. Goals were hung in the air. Football as we know it today started inGreat Britain, where the game was given new rules.That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. It is also a game that is very cheap to play. You don’t need expensive equipment; even the ball doesn’t have to cost much money. All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags.Another factor behind football’s global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people. You do not have to be a fan to recognize the skill of professional players or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.What’s more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate: it does not require words, but everyone understands it. It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field.“Some people believe football is a matter of life and death, ...” said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. “I can tell you with certainty it is much, much more important than that.” This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth to realize that our planet is shaped like a football.8. What can we know from paragraph one?A. Some people like to play football on the Moon.B. The game called cuju was given new rules today.C. Cuju is different from football as we know it today.D. Many people like playing a ball made of plastic bags.9. According to the author, there are ________ reasons why football became so popular in the world.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 610. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Football is round.B. Football is more than just a sport.C. Our planet is shaped like a football.D. What Bill Shankly said sounds funny.11. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To talk about the history of football.B. To express his/her love of football.C. To explain why football is such a popular game.D. To prove that he/she is a professional football fan.DCigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out,an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.“I was ly surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends weresealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days ata time, especially in the heat.12. What do the researchers say about cigarette ends?A They contain little nicotine.B. They produce no nicotine five days later.C. They give off nicotine for days.D. They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.13. What do Poppendieck’s words suggest?A. First-hand smoking does most harm.B. The findings are within his expectation.C. Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.D. Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.14. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days?A. Unclear.B. Disapproving.C. Unconcerned.D. Puzzled.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful ChemicalsB. Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being SmokedC. Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ HarmD. Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the Heat第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。