寒假作业4

寒假作业（4）——2022-2023学年九年级语文人教部编版1.选出对刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》赏析有误的一项（）酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠巴山楚水凄凉地，二十三年弃置身。

怀旧空吟闻笛赋，到乡翻似烂柯人。

沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。

今日听君歌一曲，暂凭杯酒长精神。

A.诗人被贬官在外多年，回京路上思怀往事，展望将来，诗中流露出心绪难平但又不乏刚健昂扬之气。

B.诗中第二联运用两个典故，写出了孤身归来后的感触，既有旧友离世的悲痛，又有物是人非、恍如隔世的无限怅惘。

C.诗人将自己比作“千帆”“万木”，与“沉舟”“病树”两两相对，表现了天地万物新陈代谢、生生不息的活力，是诗人乐观精神的写照。

D.诗作的结尾，点明酬答之意，回应首联，扣住诗题，既有对友人白居易的感谢之情，也表达了共勉之意。

2.对下面这首诗赏析不正确的一项是（）过零丁洋文天祥辛苦遭逢起一经，干戈寥落四周星。

山河破碎风飘絮，身世浮沉雨打萍。

惶恐滩头说惶恐，零丁洋里叹零丁。

人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青。

A.诗歌首联写了个人和国家的两件大事：一是他因科举走入仕途；二是在国家危亡关头，起兵抗元。

B.第二联运用对偶、拟人的修辞手法，写出了国家山河破碎，局势危急，个人命运也历经艰辛危苦，动荡不安。

C.最后一联，直抒胸臆，表明自己以死明志的决心，是千古传诵的名句。

D.全诗概括了作者一生的重大事件，融叙事和抒情言志为一炉，慷慨悲凉，感人至深。

3.阅读下面古诗，完成下面小题。

行路难（其一）李白金樽清酒斗十千，玉盘珍羞直万钱。

停杯投箸不能食，拔剑四顾心茫然。

欲渡黄河冰塞川，将登太行雪满山。

闲来垂钓碧溪上，忽复乘舟梦日边。

行路难，行路难！多歧路，今安在？长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。

（1）下列对诗歌的理解和分析错误的一项是（）A.前四句欲扬先抑，极言宴席的华美，反衬诗人内心的苦闷。

B.诗中以“冰塞川”“雪满山”象征人生道路上的艰难险阻，具有比兴的意味。

C.诗中借姜太公和伊尹的典故，进一步抒发诗人政治失意的悲愤之情。

运动合力的关系1．如图，轻弹簧的下端固定在水平桌面上，上端放有物块P，系统处于静止状态.现用一竖直向上的力F作用在P上,使其向上做匀加速直线运动.以x表示P离开静止位置的位移，在弹簧恢复原长前，下列表示F和x之间关系的图像可能正确的是（）【答案】A【解析】本题考查牛顿运动定律、匀变速直线运动规律、力随位移变化的图线及其相关的知识点假设物块静止时弹簧的压缩量为x0，则由力的平衡条件可知kx0＝mg,在弹簧恢复原长前，当物块向上做匀加速直线运动时，由牛顿第二定律得F＋k(x0－x）－mg＝ma，由以上两式解得F＝kx＋ma，显然F和x为一次函数关系，且在F轴上有截距,则A正确，B、C、D错误。

2．如图（a），物块和木板叠放在实验台上，物块用一不可伸长的细绳与固定在实验台上的力传感器相连，细绳水平。

t＝0时，木板开始受到水平外力F的作用，在t＝4 s时撤去外力。

细绳对物块的拉力f随时间t变化的关系如图（b)所示，木板的速度v与时间t的关系如图(c)所示。

木板与实验台之间的摩擦可以忽略。

重力加速度取10 m/s2。

由题给数据可以得出()A．木板的质量为1 kgB．2 s～4 s内，力F的大小为0。

4 NC．0～2 s内，力F的大小保持不变D．物块与木板之间的动摩擦因数为0。

2【答案】AB【解析】本题考查牛顿运动定律的综合应用,以木板为研究对像，通过f－t与v－t图像对相应过程进行受力分析、运动分析，列方程解出相应的问题。

分析知木板受到的摩擦力fʹ＝f。

0～2 s,木板静止，F＝fʹ,F逐渐增大，所以C错误。

4 s～5 s,木板加速度大小a2＝0。

2 m/s2，对木板受力分析，fʹ＝ma2＝0。

2 N,得m ＝1 kg，所以A正确。

2 s～4 s，对木板有F－fʹ＝ma1，F＝fʹ＋ma1＝0.4 N，所以B正确.由于无法确定物块的质量，则尽管知道滑动摩擦力大小，仍无法确定物块与木板间的动摩擦因数，故D错误.1．下列说法正确的是（）A．牛顿通过理想斜面实验发现力不是维持物体运动的原因B．千克、秒、米和牛顿都是力学中的基本单位C．物体静止时有惯性，一旦开始运动,便不再保持原有的运动状态，也就失去了惯性D．法国科学家笛卡儿指出：如果运动中的物体没有受到力的作用，它将继续以同一速度沿同一直线运动,既不会停下来,也不会偏离原来的方向2．中华民族的优秀文化博大精深,其中古典诗词是优秀文化的代表。

数列（B 卷）寒假作业1.已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和22n S kn n =+，511a =，则k 的值为( ). A.2B.-2C.1D.-12.已知等比数列{}n a 和等差数列{},n b n *∈N ，满足11233532,0,,24a b a a b a b ==>=-=，则6102a b -=( ) A.2-B.1C.4D.63.程大位《算法统宗》里有诗云:“九百九十六斤棉，赠分八子做盘缠，次第每人多十七，要将第八数来言，务要分明依次弟，孝和休惹外人传.”意思为:996斤棉花，分别赠送给8个子女做旅费，从第一个开始，之后每人依次多17斤，直到第八个孩子为止，分配时一定要等级分明，使孝顺子女的美德外传.则第八个孩子分得棉花的斤数为( ) A.65B.176C.183D.1844.已知数列{}n a 是等差数列，且14745a a a ++=，381234a a a ++=，则369369a a a -+的值为( ) A.60B.30C.48D.2165.已知n S 是等比数列{}1n a +的前n 项和，且公比0q >，其中n a ∈Z ，且满足337,14a S ==，则下列说法错误的是( )A.数列{}1n a +的公比为2B.531a =C.22n n S =-D.21n n a =-6.已知各项均为正数的等比数列{}n a ，若543264328a a a a +--=，则7696a a +的最小值为( ) A.12B.18C.24D.327.（多选）设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S .若30S =，46a =，则下列结论中正确的是( ) A.23n S n n =-B.2392n n nS -=C.36n a n =-D.2n a n =8.（多选）已知等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ，前n 项和为n S ，且满足638a a =，则下列说法正确的是( ) A.{}n a 为单调递增数列 B.639S S = C.369,,S S S 成等比数列D.12n n S a a =-9.若无穷等比数列{}n a 的各项均大于1，且满足15144a a =，2430a a +=，则公比q =__________.10.已知数列{}n a 对任意m ，*n ∈N 都满足m n m n a a a +=+，且11a =，若命题“*n ∀∈N ，212n n a a λ+≤”为真，则实数λ的最大值为_____________.11.已知等比数列{}n a 的公比0q >，其前n 项和为n S ，且236,14S S ==，则数列2211log log nn a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬⋅⎩⎭的前2021项和为___________. 12.已知等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且21n n a S -=. (1)求n a 与n S ； (2)记21n nn b a -=，求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T . 一元函数的导数及其应用（A 卷）寒假作业1.已知函数2()2ln f x x a x =+的图像在点(1,2)处的切线过点(0,5)-，则实数a 的值为( ) A.3B.-3C.2D.-22.已知函数()(3)e x f x x ax =--在(0,2)上为减函数，则a 的取值范围是( ) A.(,2e)-∞B.(,0)-∞C.(,2)-∞D.24,e ⎛⎫-∞-⎪⎝⎭3.已知函数e ,0,()lg ,0,x x x f x x x ⎧⋅≤=⎨>⎩2()()(1)()g x f x m f x m =-++有4个不同的零点，则m的取值范围为( )A.1,e ⎛⎫-∞- ⎪⎝⎭B.1,0e ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭ C.1,e⎛⎫-+∞ ⎪⎝⎭D.(0,)+∞4.已知()f x 是R 上的单调递增函数，(0,)x ∀∈+∞，不等式ln ln ()(1)1x x f m f f m f x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫-+≤++- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭恒成立，则m 的取值范围是( ) A.12,e -⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦B.2,e⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭C.1,1e ⎛⎤-∞+ ⎥⎝⎦D.11,e⎡⎫-+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭5.若函数()(1)e x f x x ax =--（e 为自然对数的底数）有两个极值点，则实数a 的取值范围是( )A.1,0e ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭ B.(,0)-∞C.1,e⎛⎫-+∞ ⎪⎝⎭D.(0,)+∞6.已知函数2()ln e 2f x x x x x m =-++(e 为自然对数的底数)，若()0f x =在区间1,2e⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭上有两个不相等的实数根，则m 的取值范围为( ) A.(0,)+∞ B.1,e ⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭ C.2ln 210,4e -⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦ D.2ln 21,4e -⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭7.（多选）已知函数2()e 21x f x x x x =---，则( ). A.()f x 的极大值为-1 B.()f x 的极大值为1e-C.曲线()y f x =在点(0,(0))f 处的切线方程为10x y --=D.曲线()y f x =在点(0,(0))f 处的切线方程为10x y ++=8.（多选）对于函数3211()32f x x x cx d =+++，c ，d ∈R ，下列说法正确的是( ). A.存在c ，d 使得函数()f x 的图象关于原点对称 B.()f x 是单调函数的充要条件是14c ≥C.若1x ，2x 为函数()f x 的两个极值点，则441218x x +>D.若2c d ==-，则过点(3,0)P 作曲线()y f x =的切线有且仅有2条9.已知曲线()e a x f x x =在1x =处的切线方程为4e y x b =+，则a b +=___________.10.若定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足()3()0f x f x '->，1e 3f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，则不等式3()e x f x >的解集为__________________.答案以及解析1.答案：C解析：由题意可得，当2n ≥时，122n n n a S S kn k -=-=-+，又511a =，9211k ∴+=，可得1k =.故选C. 2.答案：D解析：设等比数列{}n a 的公比和等差数列{}n b 的公差分别为,q d .因为122,0a a =>，所以0q >.由题意得2222q d ⋅=+，又42(22)24q d ⋅-+=，解得2,3q d ==，所以2,31n n n a b n ==-，所以6610222(3101)64586a b -=-⨯⨯-=-=，故选D.3.答案：D解析：根据题意可得每个孩子分得棉花的斤数构成一个等差数列{}n a ，其中公差17d =，项数8n =，前8项和8996S =.由等差数列的前n 项和公式可得1878179962a ⨯+⨯=，解得165a =，所以865(81)17184a =+-⨯=. 4.答案：A解析：设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ，因为在等差数列{}n a 中，14745a a a ++=①，381234a a a ++=②，所以由②-①可得2453445d d d ++=-，解得1d =-.又1474345a a a a ++==，即415a =，所以14318a a d =-=，所以19n a n =-，所以3693693(193)6(196)9(199)60a a a -+=⨯--⨯-+⨯-=，故选A.5.答案：C解析：根据题意知等比数列{}1n a +的公比为()0q q >，记1n n b a =+，则31238,14b b b b =++=，所以21118,6,b q b b q ⎧=⎪⎨+=⎪⎩解得12,2,q b =⎧⎨=⎩故2n n b =，则21n n a =-， ()12122212n n n S +-==--，所以531a =，选项C 错误，故选C.6.答案：C解析：设正项等比数列{}n a 的公比为(0)q q >，则()()2543232643232218a a a a a a q +--=+-=，322832021a a q +=>-，令221q t -=，0t >，则()42476322246(1)9633221q t a a q a a q t ++=+===-1626224t t ⎛⎫⎛⎫++≥= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，当且仅当1t =时取等号，则7696a a +的最小值为24. 7.答案：BC解析：设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d .因为30S =，46a =，所以113230,236,a d a d ⨯⎧+=⎪⎨⎪+=⎩解得13,3,a d =-⎧⎨=⎩所以1(1)33(1)36n a a n d n n =+-=-+-=-，21(1)3(1)393222n n n n n n nS na d n ---=+=-+=.故选BC. 8.答案：BD解析：本题考查等比数列的通项公式、性质及前n 项和.由638a a =，可得3338a q a =，解得2q =.当首项10a <时，{}n a 为单调递减数列，故A 错误；663312912S S -==-，故B 正确；假设369,,S S S 成等比数列，则2693S S S =⋅，即()()()2639121212-=--，等式不成立，则369,,S S S 不成等比数列，故C 错误；11122121n n n n a a q a a S a a q --===---，故D 正确.故选BD. 9.答案：2解析：本题考查等比数列的性质.因为数列{}n a 是等比数列，所以2415144a a a a ==.又因为2430a a +=，解得246,24,a a =⎧⎨=⎩或2424,6.a a =⎧⎨=⎩由无穷等比数列{}n a 的各项均大于1，可知1q ≥，所以246,24.a a =⎧⎨=⎩因为242a a q =⋅，所以2246q =，解得2q =（负值舍去）.10.答案：7解析：令1m =，则11n n a a a +=+，111n n a a a +-==，所以数列{}n a 为等差数列，所以n a n =，所以22121212n n a a n n n n λλλ≤≤≤+⇒+⇒+，又函数12y x x=+在(0,上单调递减，在)+∞上单调递增，当3n =时，12373λ≤+=，当4n =时，12474λ≤+=，所以12n n +的最小值为7，所以λ的最大值为7. 11.答案：20212022解析：因为233212118,6a S S a q S a a q =-===+=，所以211143a q a a q =+，所以23440q q --=，得2q =或23-（舍去），所以12a =，故2n n a =. 因为2211111log log (1)1n n a a n n n n +==-⋅++，所以20211111112021112232021202220222022T =-+-++-=-=. 故答案为：2021202212.答案：(1)12n n a a -=；21n n S =-. (2)12362n n n T -+=-.解析：(1)由21,n n a S -=得21n n S a =-， 当1n =时，11121,a S a ==-得11a =；当2n ≥时，()()112121n n n n n a S S a a --=-=---， 得12n n a a -=，所以数列{}n a 是以1为首项，2为公比的等比数列， 所以12n n a -=. 所以2121n n n S a =-=-. (2)由(1)可得1212n n n b --=， 则2113521111222n n n T --=++++=⨯+2111135(21)222n n -⨯+⨯++-⋅，2311111135(21)22222n nT n =⨯+⨯+⨯++-⋅， 两式相减得23111111112(21)222222n n nT n -⎛⎫=+++++--⋅ ⎪⎝⎭， 所以23111111124(21)22222n n n T n --⎛⎫=+++++--⋅ ⎪⎝⎭ 11112224(21)1212n n n --=+⋅--⋅-12362n n -+=-. 答案以及解析1.答案：A解析：本题考查利用导数的几何意义求参数.对()f x 求导得()4af x x x'=+，所以(1)4f a '=+.又(1)2f =，所以函数2()2ln f x x a x =+的图像在点(1,2)处的切线的方程为2(4)(1)y a x -=+-，把点(0,5)-代入，解得3a =.故选A. 2.答案：B解析：()(3)e x f x x ax =--，()e (2)x f x x a '=--. 因为函数()(3)e x f x x ax =--在(0,2)上为减函数，所以()e (2)0x f x x a '=--≤在(0,2)上恒成立，即e (2)x x a -≤，所以max e (2)xx a ⎡⎤-⎣≤⎦.设()e (2)x g x x =-，()e (1)x g x x '=-，所以当(0,1)x ∈时，()0g x '>，当(1,2)x ∈时，()0g x '<，所以函数()g x 在(0,1)上单调递增，在(1,2)上单调递减，故max ()(1)e g x g ==， 所以e a ≥，故选B. 3.答案：B解析：当0x ≤时，()e x f x x =⋅，()(1)e x f x x '=+⋅，可得()f x 在(,1)-∞-上单调递减，在(1,0]-上单调递增，且1(1)ef -=-，所以()f x 的大致图象如图所示，由2()(1)()0f x m f x m -++=，解得()1f x =或()f x m =.由()f x 的图象可知，当()1f x =时，有1个根，所以()f x m =要有3个根，故实数m 的取值范围为1,0e⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭，故选B.4.答案：D解析：依题意，()()(1)g x f x f x =--在R 上是增函数，(0,)x ∀∈+∞，不等式ln ln ()(1)1x x f m f f m f x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫-+≤++- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭恒成立，即ln ln 1(1)()x x f f f m f m x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫--≤+-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭恒成立，等价于ln (1)x g g m x ⎛⎫≤+ ⎪⎝⎭恒成立，ln 1x m x ∴+≥.令ln ()(0)x h x x x =>，则21ln ()(0)x h x x x -'=>，易得max 1()(e)e h x h ==，11e m ∴+≥，11em ≥-，故选D. 5.答案：A解析：由题意得()e x f x x a '=-，因为函数()e (1)x f x x ax =--有两个极值点，所以()0f x '=有两个不等的实根，即e x a x =有两个不等的实根，所以直线y a =与e x y x =的图象有两个不同的交点.令()e x g x x =，则()e (1)x g x x '=+.当1x <-时，()0g x '<，当1x >-时，()0g x '>，所以函数()g x 在(,1)-∞-上单调递减，在(1,)-+∞上单调递增，所以当1x =-时，()g x 取得最小值，且最小值为1e-.易知当0x <时，()0g x <，当0x >时，()0g x >，则可得函数()g x 的大致图象，如图所示，则10ea -<<，故选A.6.答案：C解析：因为()ln 2e 3f x x x '=-+，记()ln 2e 3g x x x =-+，则112e ()2e xg x x x-'=-=. 当12e x ≥时，()0g x '≤，所以函数()g x 在1,2e ⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭上单调递减. 又10e f ⎛⎫'= ⎪⎝⎭，所以当112e e x ≤<时，()0f x '>，()f x 单调递增； 当1ex >时，()0f x '<，()f x 单调递减.当1ex =时，()f x 有极大值也是最大值，1e f m ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭. 若()0f x =在1,2e ⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭上有两解，应有10e f m ⎛⎫=> ⎪⎝⎭，112ln 202e 4e f m -⎛⎫=+≤ ⎪⎝⎭，所以2ln 2104e m -<≤，此时(1)2e 0f m =-+<，所以()0f x =在1,2e ⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭上有两解成立，故选C. 7.答案：BD解析：因为2()e 21x f x x x x =---，所以()()e e 22(1)e 2x x x f x x x x '=+--=+-，所以当ln2x >或1x <-时，()0f x '>，当1ln2x -<<时，()0f x '<，所以()f x 在(,1)-∞-和(ln 2,)+∞上单调递增，在(1,ln 2)-上单调递减，故()f x 的极大值为1(1)ef -=-，故A 错误，B 正确；因为(0)1f =-，(0)1f '=-，所以曲线()y f x =在(0,(0))f 处的切线方程为(1)(0)y x --=--，即10x y ++=，故C 错误，D 正确.故选BD.8.答案：BC解析：若存在c ，d 使得函数()f x 的图象关于原点对称，则函数()f x 为奇函数，因为3211()32f x x x cx d -=-+-+，所以2()()2f x f x x d +-=+，对于任意的x ，并不满足()()0f x f x +-=，故函数()f x 不为奇函数，故A 错误； 由3211()32f x x x cx d =+++得2()f x x x c '=++，要使()f x 是单调函数，必满足140c ∆=-≤，解得14c ≥，故B 正确； 若函数有两个极值点，则必须满足0∆>，即14c <，此时12121,,x x x x c +=-⎧⎨=⎩则()222121212212x x x x x x c +=+-=-， 所以()2442222221212122(12)2x x x x x x c c +=+-=--=222412(1)1c c c -+=--，因为14c <，所以22112(1)121148c ⎛⎫-->--= ⎪⎝⎭，故441218x x +>，故C 正确； 耇2c d ==-，则3211()2232f x x x x =+--，2()2f x x x '=+-，画出函数的大致图象，如图所示，三条虚线代表三条相切的切线，故D 错误.故选BC.9.答案：33e -解析：根据题意得1()e e a x a x f x ax x -+'=， (1)e f =，所以(1)e e 4e,e 4e f a b =+==+'，解得3,3e a b ==-，故33e a b +=-.10.答案：1,3⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭ 解析：构造函数3()()ex f x F x =，则3363e ()3e ()()3()()e e x x x x f x f x f x f x F x ''--'==， 函数()f x 满足()3()0f x f x '->，()0F x '∴>，故()F x 在R 上单调递增. 又1e 3f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，113F ⎛⎫∴= ⎪⎝⎭，∴不等式33()()e 1e x x f x f x >⇔>，即1()3F x F ⎛⎫> ⎪⎝⎭， 由()F x 在R 上单调递增，可知1,3x ⎛⎫∈+∞ ⎪⎝⎭.。

2020-2021学年初一语文人教部编版寒假作业（4）一、下列各项中加粗字注音有误的一项是（）A.瘫痪（huàn）暴怒（bào）沉寂（jì）诀别（jué）B.捶打（chuí）憔悴（cuì）央求（yāng）絮叨（xù）C.侍弄（sì）淡雅（yă）高洁（jié）烂漫（làn）D.仿膳（shàn）豌豆（wān）敏感（mĭn）恢复（huī）二、下列词语书写全部正确的一项是（）A.羁绊高梁彬彬有礼沧海桑田B.取谛迸溅沁人心脾辗转反侧C.竣工板栗斩钉截铁眼花瞭乱D.霹雳抱歉惊涛澎湃诲人不倦三、下列句子中，加粗词语运用不正确的一项是（）A.这些年轻的科学家决心以无所不为的勇气去探索大自然的奥秘。

B.他翻来覆去地想这件事，但还是没有想明白其中的道理。

C.意志消沉的史铁生同意去北海公园赏花，这令母亲喜出望外。

D.每次捧读史铁生的散文《秋天的怀念》，我都会被感动得潸然泪下。

四、下列各句中没有语病的一项是（）A.由于团省委的一系列关爱活动，使留守儿童感受到了大家庭的温暖。

B.我们只要与自然和谐相处，才能保护好我们赖以生存的家园。

C.青年人应当把自己的梦想与民族的梦想紧密相连，刻苦学习，在追逐梦想的过程中为中国梦的实现而贡献力量。

D.在旅游旺季到来之际，我市推广并通过了“美丽乡村游”的休闲旅游政策。

五、用诗词原句填空。

1.《观沧海》中诗人以奇特的想象，表现大海博大无比的诗句是“，；，”。

2.古人常用明月寄相思之意。

李白在《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》中有诗句“，”，就是希望明月送去自己对远方朋友的担忧和牵挂。

3.乡书何处达？。

（王湾《次北固山下》）4.在王湾的《次北固山下》中，蕴含新事物从旧事物中孕育并将取代旧事物哲理的两句诗是：，。

5.行舟江上，吴均在富春江感受了“急湍甚箭，猛浪若奔”的汹涌气势，而王湾在北固山下领略了“，”的浩渺景象。

苏教版小学语文四年级上册寒假作业（4）一、基础部分1．读拼音，写词语。

nínɡ jiã chuī fú shâ shì yān mî mï hu（）（）（） ( ) （）qì fēn liú lǎn shēng lǜ zhāng tiēɡū dú( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Zēng tiān ɡē sînɡ tuī chíxīn xīn xiàng rïng （）（） ( ) ( ) 2.比一比，再组词。

堤（）淹（）贴（）霜（）提（）掩（）粘（）雪（）屠（）笠（）零（）摸（）属（）篱（）龄（）模（）3．给加点的字选择正确的读音，画“√”。

烟雾缭绕（liáo láo ）琼枝玉树（qíng qiïnɡ）和谐（kǎi xiã）揣摩（chuǎi duān ）蓑衣（shuāi suō）缀满（zhuì chuî）4.连线。

锦秀山河美家家气象新处处春光好光辉大地春五湖四海皆春色雨润桃花万树红风吹杨柳千门绿万水千山尽朝晖5.修改句子。

（1）小明基本上全部完成了作业。

（2）我小心地把做好的正确答案填到括号里。

（3）爸爸立即赶忙给客人让座。

6.按课文内容填空。

(1)雾凇，俗称（），是在（），空气中（）遇冷（）。

这句话告诉我们雾凇形成的两个条件是：一是（），二是（）。

(2)（），灯光、树影（）了，这（）的雾气，（），（），（）给松针，柳枝（），最初像（）逐渐（），最后（）。

句中表示先后顺序的词语有（），这段话告诉我们雾凇是慢慢逐步形成的。

（3）清早，（），（）。

人们（）在松花江边，（）着这（）的（），便会（）地赞叹：这真是“（）”引号中的这句诗出自岑参写的《白雪歌送武判官归京》，用在这里表达了人们（）之情。

一、改正成语中的错别字。

昂手挺胸（）亨誉世界（）二、修改病句。

小明同学积极参加。

_____________________________________我们要做到勤俭节约的好习惯。

_____________________________________李兵病的爸爸是不错的驾驶员一个。

_____________________________________现在市场上商品的数量大大提高了。

_____________________________________三、填一填。

《暮江吟》的作者_________朝_________；一道残阳铺水中，________________ 。

可怜九月初三夜，_________ ；诗中描写江面颜色的诗句：_________ ；颜色呈现：_________ _________。

四、成语填空。

（）人（）意（）（）而安不（）思（）（）（）心机（）条（）理不（）不（）车（）凌（）一（）不（）五、把下列句子改为把字句。

钱塘江大潮，自古以来被称为天下奇观。

六、把下列句子改为被字句。

蚂蚁吃了一条大虫。

七、把下列句子改为反问句。

这就是伟大的奇观。

一、改正成语中的错别字。

日益高张（）烘堂大笑（）二、修改病句。

他地心情久久不能宁静。

_____________________________________老师讲的知识，我基本上全懂了。

_____________________________________我完成了全部家庭作业和作文。

_____________________________________广场上挤满了许许多多数不清的人群。

_____________________________________三、填一填。

本学期我们学过唐朝诗人王昌龄的诗有《_________ 》、《_________》其中《_________》一诗中能体现将士不畏艰险、保卫边疆决心的诗句：_________ 、_________ ；而《_________》描写了采莲女们的劳动生活和青春的欢乐，_________ __________________ _________。

初二英语寒假作业4（8A Unit4）一、单选选择( ) 1. —Can you help me with the kite? —Sorry , it______, “Do it yourself”A. speaksB. talksC. tellsD. says( ) 2. —Shall we make some model planes? —_______? Let’s do it right away.A. Why notB. Will weC. Are youD. Do we( ) 3. —Don’t_______ the pictures on the blackboard! —Sorry, I won’t.A．put on B．put away C．put up D．put in( ) 4. Mike, you should ________ your house. It is so _________.A. to tidy up; untidyB. tidy up; untidyC. tidy; untidyD. tidy up; tidy( ) 5. I kept on _______ many pieces of paper, now it is enough．A. cut outB. to cut outC. cuttingD. cutting out( ) 6. ________ spending our vacation in a hotel, why not try hiking in the country?A. Instead ofB. InsteadC. In place ofD. In the place( ) 7. My teacher advised me ________it again.A. tryB. tryingC. to tryingD. to try( ) 8. The sound made the film ________. I am afraid of watching it.A. terribleB. terriblyC. happyD. happily( ) 9. The letters “USA”_______ “United States of America”.A. standsB. stands forC. instead ofD. tidy up( ) 10. .Not only you but also Jack and I _______ good at “DIY”..A. amB. isC. areD. was( ) 11.一The box is too heavy to carry．What’s in it? 一Jack_______ it with many books．A. filledB. coveredC. usedD. asked( ) 12. The bookshop is on _________side of the street. You should find a zebra crossing first.A anotherB the otherC otherD others( ) 13. I need a tool __________ my bike.A to repairB repairingC repaired D. repair( ) 14.一Can you tell me how to make a cake? 一_________. Let me show youA. No wayB. No problemC. Forget itD. Thank you( ) 15. You look quite tired. You had better __________ a good rest.A stop to haveB stop havingC to stop to haveD to stop having二、完形填空A French student went to London for his holiday. He thought, “I know a little English. I think people can 1 me.”One day he went to a restaurant and sat down at the table. He wanted to 2 a cup of tea and some eggs. Soon the waiter came up to him, and asked, “Can I help you?” “A cup of tea and…” he could not remember the 3 word for eggs. He looked 4 him, but nobody was eating eggs. Then he 5 a picture-book on the table next to him. There was a picture of a cock on 6 cover(封面). He 7 the picture to the wai ter. “What’s the English8 this?” he asked. “A cock,” answered the waiter. “What do you call a cock’s wife?” he asked again. “A hen.” “And what do you call a hen’s children?” “ Chicks.” “And what do you call chicks9 they’re born?” “Eggs.”“Very well,” said the French student happily. “Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” And he sat down 10 a smile on his face.( ) 1.A. understand B. know C. help D. speak( ) 2.A. drink B. take C. have D. eat( ) 3.A. French B. Chinese C. Japanese D. English( ) 4.A. at B. for C. after D. around( ) 5.A. saw B. had C. bought D. drew( ) 6.A. it B. it’s C. its D. his( ) 7.A. drew B. put C. gave D. showed( ) 8.A. for B. of C. in D. about( ) 9.A. when B. before C. after D. if( ) 10.A. of B. with C. in D. about三、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）AWhen Jimmy was a boy, he liked watches and clocks very much. When he was eighteen years old, he joined the army. One year later, he began to teach himself how to mend (修理) watches. A lot of his friendsbrought him broken watches, and he mended them all.Then his captain heard about this. On e day he brought Jimmy a watch too, and said, “My watch doesn’t work. Can you mend it for me, please?”Jimmy said, “Yes, sir. I can.” After a few days, he brought the watch back to the captain.“How much should I pay you?” the captain asked.“One pound, sir.” Jimmy answered. Then he took a small box out of his pocket and gave it to the captain. He said, “Here are three wheels from your watch. I didn’t find a place for them when I put everything back.”( ) 1. Jimmy began to learn how to mend watches and clocks when he was ______.A. at homeB. a boyC. 18 years oldD. 19 years old( ) 2. Jimmy learned to mend watches and clocks ______.A. by himselfB. from his teacherC. from his friendsD. from his captain( ) 3. The un derlined word “broken” means “______” in Chinese.A. 破的B. 旧的C. 坏的D. 好的( ) 4. Jimmy wanted ______ to pay one pound after he mended the watch for him.A. his friendB. his captainC. someoneD. no one( ) 5. Which of the sentences is TRUE?A. Jimmy did not put everything back to the watch.B. Jimmy mended the watch very well.C. Jimmy did not mend the watch because there was nothing wrong with it.D. Jimmy tried hard but he did not find the wrong place.BDIY is very popular in China now. Do you know what it is? Yang Chen works for a computer business in Beijing. Though he enjoys his work, it is hard for him for relax(放松) after work. "For a long time, I had no choice（选择）except（除了）going to a bar for a drink and karaoke to relax myself," he said.One day when he saw many toys in a toy shop, he had an idea. "Why not do some kind of things and relax myself?" Then he began to make model planes, model ships and something else. The thing he has made by himself doesn't look as professionally made as those in the shop, but he likes doing it. "It is not as much fun to play with things which are bought expensively from the shops," he said. Now his bookshelvesare full of many kinds of things he has made. They are very beautiful and friends like them very much..More and more people are like Yang, making or creating(创造) things on their own. They like to do it themselves. Though making things with our own hands, may take much time, some people, now known as DI Yers. do-it-yourselfers, enjoy doing it very much. They can make all kinds of things they like.DIY is becoming more and more popular in China. It may be to the young, yet many people remember when it was once a way of life. During 1960s and 1970s, when there were not enough living things for people to live on, they had to use their own hands to do many things. Whitewashing the wall or making clothes was a part of life because there was no other choice. If you want something done, you had to do it yourself, and if you needed something you made it yourself. But times have changed and DIY has a1so different meanings.( ) 6. What does Yang Chen most enjoy doing in his free time now?A. Playing computers.B. Going to a bar for a drink and karaokeC. Whitewashing the wall.D. Making something by himself.( ) 7. Many young people like making things by themselves because _______.A. they want to make more moneyB. they do it for funC. they need them in their life.D. they can't buy them anywhere( ) 8. From the passage we know _______.A. more and more people like making things on their ownB. more and more people began to make model planesC. between 1960s and 1970s, people liked making things themselvesD. more and more people begin to like Yang Chen( ) 9. What's the main idea of the passage?A. The things Yang made don't look as professionally made as those in the shops.B. Planes bought from the shops are too expensive.C. DIY is a good way of life.D. DIY was a part of life in the past.( ) 10. Which is NOT true according to the passage?A. Yang likes to collect things made by his friends.B. People had to make things by themselves during 1960s and 1970s.C. DIY has different meaning now.D. Yang wants to find a way to relax himself.四、词汇1. The (句子) in this poem are so beautiful.2. Make sure you read the (说明) before you start working.3. The book with a yellow (封面) may tell you a lot about DIY.4 All our teachers (went to) the parents’ meeting last Friday.5. Luckily, we (finished) the hard work at the eleventh hour.B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。

英语学科寒假作业I. 阅读理解APrague is cracking! My sister was right. It really is one of Europe’s most popular tourist attractions, which has beautiful old buildings. So far, my favorite place is Prague Castle. I think it is the largest ancient castle in the world. Prague also has a lot of cultural events, like the World Dance Festival. I went to a ballet (芭蕾舞剧) just last night. -------- LilyI’ve come to Shanghai at the right time. Summer has begun, but it is not too hot yet. Yesterday was the Dragon Boat Festival. It was exciting! If you come to Shanghai, you should see the Bund---a street with very nice shops, nightclubs, and hotels. There are many tourists there. It has some wonderful buildings from the 1930s.I went on a night cruise(乘船游览) of the Huangpu River last night. I met some great people on the boat, mostly foreigners, like me. ---------StanBuenos Aires is a fun city, but six days is not enough time for a visit! I’m staying near the mile-long shopping street called Calle Florida. It is a great place to meet people and watch dancers perform that tango. Buenos Aires is the birthplace of the tango.I also spent a day in the suburb of Tigre. It’s about 30 km from the capital, and you can get there quickly by train. However, I chose to take a boat on the canals(运河) of the Paraná Delta. --------Melinda1. What can be learned according to Lily?A . Prague is a modern city.B.Prague Castle has beautiful scenery.C.Prague is most famous for its ballet.D.Prague is worth visiting.Both Stan and Melinda ___________.1/ 5A.took a boat tripB. saw a lot of old buildingsC. went to a festivalD. travelled by train3. The passage is probably taken out of _________.A.a history bookB. a news reportC. a travel websiteD. a personal diaryBI began learning playing the violin when nine, and the next year I began studying under Natalie Ghent, who was my teacher until I left high school.Once, Mrs. Ghent held a concert(音乐会) for her students. I played near the end of it. After I played a while, I forgot the music. No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't think of it. So I had to stop and looked at the pianist's music. When the whole concert was over, I cried hiding in my overcoat.Mrs. Ghent came to comfort(安慰) me. Then she told us about a coming concert, and she hoped I would go there with her. I remember that the concert was on my birthday in March. It was great, as Mischa Elman was going to perform(表演) at Carnegie Hall. My teacher decided to buy the best tickets as my birthday present.Carnegie Hall is quite beautiful with all the lights on. I had never been in such a concert hall before, and was impressed by the size as well. I don't remember what Elman played. I only remember that his playing was beautiful. I have seen films of him in recent years, and have been attracted by his performance, but I don't remember the music he played that night. What I remember most is that Mrs. Ghent spoke to me in a low voice from time to time that he had forgotten something or played a wrong note, or had made some other kinds of mistakes.When I teach students to play the violin now, I tell my students who are in dread of making mistakes that if they aren't going to make a mistake, they will never play beautiful music.4. When the concert was over, the writer cried because_________.A. the concert was such a big successB. she found she didn't have a gift for music2/ 5C. no one tried to help her during her performanceD. she felt sad about her performance5. Mrs. Ghent decided to take the writer to that concert mainly because____________.A. she wanted to comfort herB. she wanted to teach her an important lessonC. she wanted to let her go to a perfect concertD. she wanted to let her know she really cared about her6. By going to the concert, the writer has most probably learnt that__________.A. there are no really great performersB. Mischa Elman is not a good performerC. even the best players make mistakesD. Mischa Elman's performance can't impress others7. What does the underlined part “in dread of ”in the last paragraph mean?A. afraid of.B.careful with.C. angry at.D. interested in.II. 完形填空William Franklin came to my class half a year ago. But from his first day here, he shut himself in his own world and he never 1 to others. As his teacher, I tried to start a talk with him but 2 . It looked as if he just didn’t want to break his 3 .After the Thanksgiving holiday, we received the news of the4 Christmas collection（募捐）of money for the 5 in our school. “Christmas is a season of 6 ,” I told my students. “Some poor students in our school might not have a 7 holiday. By giving a little money, you will help8 some toys, food and clothing for these needy students. We will9 the collection tomorrow.”The next morning, 10 , I found out almost everyone had 11 this matter except Willard Franklin. He came up to my desk with his head down. 12 , he dropped two coins into the small box. “I don’t need milk for lunch,” he said in a 13 voice.3/ 5After school I couldn’t help sharing what had 14 in the morning with our headmaster. “I may be wrong, but I 15 Willard might be ready to become part of our class.” “ I am16 to hear that,” he nodded. “And I just received a 17 of the poor families in our school who most need help. Here, take a look at it.”As I sat down to18 , I found Willard Franklin was at the top of the list. At that moment, I felt I really20 Willard for the first time: a cold face with a warm heart. From this19 , I also learnt that whether rich or poor, every child has a kind heart.1 A.turned B.joked C.spoke D.listened2. A. stopped B. failed C. changed D. stayed3. A.silence B.heart C.sadness D. promise4. A.daily B.weekly C.yearly D.monthly5. A.serious B.sick C.poor D.shy6. A.enjoying B.giving C.receiving D.spending7. A.free B.long C.popular D.happy8. A.choose B.pack C.find D.buy9.Acontinue B.start C.show D.share10. A.however B.therefore C.otherwise D.besides11. A.realized B.forgotten C.learnt D.discussed13. A.Carefully B.Thankfully C.ertainly D.Personally13. A.sharp B.low C.sweet D.deep14. A.appeared B.arrived C.remained D.happened15. A.agree B.fear C.believe D.decide16. A.lucky B.glad C.surprised D.sorry17. A.list B.report C.research D.message18. A.study B.rest C.read D.work19. A.accepted B.respected C.supported D.knew4/ 520. A.survey B.result C.experience D.interviewIV. 语法填空In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __ 1__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks（筷子）.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant（好看的）chopsticks might__ 2___(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine (组合）various hardwoods and metal __ 3__(create) special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for 5000 years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, __ 4__(use) twigs(树枝）to remove it. Over time, __ 5__the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which __ 6__(gradual) turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius（孔子）, __ 7__ lived from roughly 551-479 B.C., influenced the __ 8__(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __ 9__ (be) too violent（暴力的）for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __10___their hands.时间：出题人：I．阅读理解1—3 DAC 4—7 DBCAII．完形填空1—5 CBACC 6—10 BDDBA 11—15 BABDC 16—20 BACDCIV. 语法填空：1.and2.be made3.to createing5.as/when6.gradually7.who8.development9.were 70.with5/ 5。

2023届寒假作业4 答案和解析一、阅读理解Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.POTATO CHIPSOne of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.TOFUTofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.CHEESE PUFFSDid you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs? The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked pieces of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air. Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs! 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．Seaweed is also used for making cheese.B．Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others’ cooking.C．Hot wet cornmeal hardened when they hit the air.D．Bean curd dates back 2000 years in China .2．What do the three foods have in common?A．They are the results of complaints.B．They were not created on purpose.C．They weren’t originally made for people.D．They are all popular throughout the world.3．What’s the purpose of the text?A．To compare the features of some foods.B．To inform readers of some foods.C．To recommend some foods .D．To introduce the origins of some foods.【答案】1．A2．B3．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。

一、成语填空。

风（）浪（）浩（）荡（）人（）人（）白浪（）（）（）人（）意（）（）而安不（）思（）（）（）心机二、把下面句子改为把字句。

那只大虫被武松使尽气力按定。

三、把下面句子改为被字句森林爷爷战胜了妖魔。

四、把下面句子改为反问句那鸟的天堂的确是鸟的天堂。

五、把下面句子改为陈述句。

这位小姑娘天真美好的心灵，不正像一朵含苞欲放的花蕾吗？六、缩句。

整个指挥团的人都焦急地钻出了地堡。

七、看拼音写词语。

wén zhāng yàn huìdūdūcàn làn qìng hè( ) () ( ) ( ) ( )zìkuāwén háo shǔjiàfúlǔqùshì( ) () ( ) ( ) ( )fēng yún biàn huàn yīxièqiān lǐqiān zībǎi tài( ) () ( ) 八、修改病句。

五颜六色地鲜花引来了一群群。

_____________________________________香港是迷人的沙滩、著名的公园和繁华的街市。

_____________________________________小周接受了虚心地同学的建议。

_____________________________________在同学们的帮助下，我克服了错误。

_____________________________________南京的夏天是全国最热的城市之一。

_____________________________________完成了艰巨的任务。

_____________________________________她戴着鲜艳的红领巾和雪白的衬衣。

_____________________________________九、找出成语中的错别字，再在括号里填上正确的字。