Theodore Dreiser个人介绍

奥斯卡王尔德英文简介奥斯卡·王尔德，最伟大的作家与艺术家之一，以其剧作、诗歌、童话和小说闻名。

下面是店铺给大家整理的奥斯卡王尔德英文简介，供大家参阅!奥斯卡·王尔德简介Oscar Wilde (1854 ~ 1900), born in the 19th century in the UK (in the case of Ireland, but then ruled by the British.) One of the greatest writers and artists, with his plays, poetry, fairy tales and fiction famous. Aestheticist figures, the main body of the aesthetic movement of the 1880s and the pioneers of the 90's decadent movement.奥斯卡·王尔德人物生平Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, a family of outstanding family, is the second son of the family. His father, Sir William Wilde, was a surgeon whose mother was a poet and writer.In 1864, Oscar Wilde was at the Royal College of Putuo in the house of Ennis, and was not particularly popular among the boys. During school, he loves flowers, sunset and Greek literature. Although the teacher was often dismissed as lazy, but he was in the last year of this school is still on behalf of classical literature achievements of the best honor of the Toro Gold Medal.In 1871, the Dublin Trinity College Scholarship was awarded at the age of 17. He met Professor Mahaffi at this school, and the professor had a considerable influence on Wilde's life. Many years later, he recalled that Mahafir was "a very talkative person, an artist who was good at using eloquence and vivid words.After graduating from Trinity College in Dublin, Wilde received a full scholarship from the University of Oxford at Magdalen College in 1874. In Oxford, Wilde was influenced byWalter Pate and John Raskin's aesthetic ideas and touched on the New Hegelian philosophy, Darwinian theory of evolution and the pre-Raphaelite work, which became a pioneer of his aestheticism The writer established the direction. After the publication of the first "poem", he began to emerge in the literary world, and came to London development. Although the young Wilde has not yet received a literary award, but the clothing eye-catching, talk wit, maverick in London social circles have been a minor celebrity, some magazines and even published his satirical article.In 1875, Wilde traveled to Italy during the summer vacation and wrote one of the early poems "San Miniato", "San Miniato"), but this poem was published only a few years later. In 1877, Oscar Wilde and the other two young people to accompany Mahafhe to Greece to travel, for the Greek natural landscape and exquisite buildings dumped, so linger, delayed class. After returning to Oxford, he was fined £ 45 by the school and the following year was fine for his academic excellence. In 1878, Oscar Wilde in the last year of Oxford in the last year is extremely beautiful, not only academic performance among the best, but also to poetry "La Fenner" to win a school poetry competition. The winning poems were financed by the school and became the first published works by Oscar Wilde. Wilde moved from Oxford to London, claiming to be a professor of aestheticism. In 1880, at this time Wilde has been cut out in the London social circle, "clumsy" magazine began to take his appearance joke. His first play "Vera" in the same year to complete, but no big response, and finally for political reasons did not staged in London. In 1881, by the Gilbert and Sullivan written by the aestheticist humorist "Peas" did not intend to bring a bad reputation for Wilde. Wang Erde poetry published in the same year, may be poet at their own expense.In 1882, Wilde made a wonderful tour in the United States, two years later he and Constance Lloyd (Constance Lloyd) love married, two sons Cyril (Cyril) and Vivian (Vyvyan) also Was born in 1885 and 1886.In 1887, Wilde became the executive editor of a women's magazine called "Women's World" (formerly known as "Lady of the World", Oscar Wilde's renamed), and published some of his novels, comments and poems in magazines. Wilde's works are famous for their rhetoric and beauty. In May 1888, published "Happy Prince and other stories". June 20, 1890, in the newspaper serial novel "Dorian Gray's portrait", lay the status of decadent artists. His first novel, The Portrait of Dorian Gray, was published in 1891. The opportunity for the creation of the novel was due to the fact that Wilde had visited a famous painter, and the male model of the painter was so young and beautiful. Sigh: "Unfortunately, such a beautiful creature, or a day of aging." The painter replied: Yes ah, if you can make the painting he replaced him like old. Later, Wilde created the novel "The Portrait of Dawn Gray", and Wilde, in order to thank the painter, named his painter in his name, and then he published the prose "The Soul of Socialism" Both of these works are very successful, but the real success for Wilde is his drama works.It can be said that each of his drama works are warmly welcomed, there is a period of time, London stage actually staged him Three of his works are known as the best comedy works since Sheridan's "rumor school".In 1895, Marquess of Queensberry found Lord Alfred Douglas (Nickname "Bosie") and Oscar Wilde for four years and accused of Oscar Wilde and went to Oscar Wilde To the celebrity club to paste the note: "Oscar Oscar Wilde - pretend to be a traitor." Publicly denounced Wilde is a good male "soders" (atthat time has not yet born "gay" the term). The allegations made Wilde immediately write to his friend Ross.The Marquis of Queensberry is a tyrannical father, and Douglas has been arguing for a long time, and the angry Alfred Douglas called Wilde immediately appealed to the Marquis to corrupt his reputation. As a result, Wilde's appeal failed, and he was told that "committing acts of gross indecency with other men persons". According to the United Kingdom 1855 harsh criminal law amendments Part 11, Wilde was convicted, in Reading and Bentonville prison served two years of hard labor. In the past two years, Wilde stopped the drama creation, wrote the poem in the prison "song of the prison song" and the letter set "abyss Jane." In these two works, his style has changed, it is difficult to find the impact of aestheticism. During his stay in Wilde, his wife Constance and two children changed their name to Holland, moved to Italy, and most of his friends in the social and literary circles were fearless of him. Only a handful of people such as playwright George Bernard Shaw still stand up to maintain him.On May 1, 1895, the jury could not agree on Wilde's charges, and a juror agreed to bail Wilde. May 7, was released from prison. May 20, the case the second session. May 25, Wilde because of "serious indecent assault", was sentenced to forced labor for two years, first detained in London Bentonville prison, July 4 transfer to London Wandsworth prison, November 20 was transferred from the 30 miles west of London's Reading prison. On September 24 and November 12 of the year, the court conducted two bankruptcy investigations against Oscar Wilde and declared its bankruptcy.Released in 1897, Wilde took to Paris, for the British he wasdisappointed, no longer have the slightest nostalgia. He had tried to mix with Constance for two children, but Alfred Douglas offered to meet him and said he wanted to rebuild with Wilde, and Wilde chose Douglas. He lived in France during the name of the completion of the "Reading of the song", in 1898 Wilde and Douglas travel to Italy, but the last two still break up, the two together was not as good as the original, after the release of Wilde scenery Then, Douglas began to understand that Wilde was no longer the married and everyone envy of the successful people. But if they had been in love and tired of talking to the far apart, the wayward Douglas had earlier said to Oscar Wilde: "If you are no longer the taller of Oscar, it is no longer interesting.In 1900, Wilde finally changed his Catholicism with the help of his friend and his same-sex lover, Robert Robbie Ross, who was the first gay man of Wilde, Rose's temptation led him to the path of homosexuality, when Rose was 17 and Wilde was 32. Although Wilde was later obsessed with Douglas, but for many years he loved Oscar Wilde and gave him help, and Ross's ashes were in his last wish Together). In the same year on November 30 due to meningitis in Paris, Alsa(Alsace) died, at the age of 46 years old, only when Ross died with another friend to accompany him. Oscar Wilde in the cemetery of Paris, according to his poetry in the "Sphinx" in the image, carved into a small Sphinx.At the end of the twentieth century, after nearly a century later, the British finally gave Wilde a statue of honor. On November 30, 1998, the statue of Oscar Wilde, sculpted by McGee Hamlin, was unveiled at Adelaide Street near Trafalgar Square, London. The statue is titled "Dialogue with Oscar Wilde" and engraved with quotes from Oscar Wilde: "We are all in thegutter, but some of us are looking At the stars.)。

Report Of Theodore DreiserTheodore Dreiser (1871—1945) who was known as a powerful novelist was born at Terre Haute, Indiana, in1871. He lived in a poor and intensely religious family. And his family was also a big one. There were thirteen children in all and he was next to the youngest. Dreiser attend a number of schools and from 1889 to 1890, he attended Indiana University. But in order to earn a living, he left the university after a year’s hard working.The early life of Theodore Dreiser was very miserable. He had done a variety of menial jobs, such as washing dishes and clothes for others, working as a real estate clerk and a collection agent. These difficult life experiences provided him many real materials for his works. He became a full-time writer after 1911. And he turned entirely away from fiction toward political activism and polemical writing during the last two decades of his life.His best works are in the form of short stories and novels. Short stories: Free and Other Stories (1918), Chains (1921), Five Furniture(1930), etc. Novels: Sister Carrie (1900), Jennie Gerhardt (1911), The Titan (1914), Stoic, The Genius (1915), and An American Tragedy (1925).Theodore Dreiser, as an outstanding representative of naturalism, whose novels depict real-life subjects in a harsh light. In his fiction, Dreiser deals with social problems and with characters who struggle to survive. His principal concern was with conflict between human needs and the demands of society for material success. He showed human beings to have their own will and capacity for realisation of idealism. Theodore Dreiser was considered by many as the leader of Naturalism in American writing. And what’s more, Dreiser was also praised as “the greatest living realist” of the early twentieth century. He was a fine writer of Naturalistic novels.。

Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945)作品有：代表作：An American Tragedy.Sister Carrie. (嘉莉妹妹). Nigger Jeff. Old Rogaum and His Theresa. Jennie Gerhardt. Trilogy of Desire(欲望三部曲):1. The Financier. 2. The Titan.3. The Stoic. The Genius. Dreiser Looks at Russia.Theodore Dreiser is generally acknowledged as one of America‘s literary naturalists. (美国著名的自然主义作家)With every disadvantage piled upon him, Dreiser, by his strong will and his dogged persistence, eventually burst out and became one of the important American writers.Dreiser is a prolific writer and many of his works are familiar to us Chinese readers. (是个多产作家。

) . Among them, Sister Carrie is the best known, tracing the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G.W. Hurstwood.The Genius, a classic story of a ―misunderstood artist‖, was once condemned for ―obscenity and blasphemy. (《天才》讲的是一个“被误解的艺术家”的故事，这部小说因其“淫秽和对神的不敬”而遭到谴责。

Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945)A Short Bio•Birth: extremely poor, intensely religious, big family, German origin.•Education: sponsored by a teacher attending Indiana University.•Work experiences: (Chicago) real estate clerk and collection agent→a newspaper reporter; (NY) a magazine editor & writer→ 1911, a full-time writer.•Political stand: Left-oriented and joined the Communist Party shortly before his death.Literary Career•Major literary genres: short story & novels•Short stories: Free and Other Stories 1918, Chains 1921, Five Furniture 1930•Major novels:•Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》1900 (his 1st novel, withheld for being immoral/for its relentless honesty in presenting the true nature of American→ became famous in the 1920s.);•Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》1911;Major Novels•Cowper wood trilogy (“Trilogy of Desire” “欲望三部曲”):•The Financier《金融家》1912, The Titan 《巨人》1914, The Stoic《斯多葛》1917 →Harsh portrait of a type of ruthless businessman like Frank Cowperwood→“Might is right”/the powerful and the ruthless alone survive in this amoral world.•The Genius 《天才》1915 (autobiographical work);•An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》1925 (his masterpiece).Major Features•Determinism & tragic ending:•Characters are unable to assert their will against natural and economic forces.•Hu man tragedy comes as a result of collision between man’s biological needs and society’s ruthless manipulation.•Stubborn honesty: simple but highly moving characters•Natural narrative (ponderous):•massive details;•serious tone: never satirical or comic;•journalistic method of reiterationLiterary Position•“the wheelhouse of American naturalism”•“chief spokesman for the realistic novel”•“a profound and prescient critic of debased American values”Naturalism 自然主义•Background:•Charles Darwin’s On Origin of Species (1859):•The struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, natural selection;•Herbert Spencer’s social Darwinism:•the strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit would fall victim in the natural course of events to economic forces.• A literary movement that emerged in France, America, and England during the late 19th century and early 20th century and that emphasizes biological and socioeconomic determinism in fiction and drama. •Emergence in Europe: Emile Zola and Thomas Hardy.Major Features•Major characters:•human beings as higher animals whose lives are determined by the laws of heredity and environment and by basic drives over which they have no control: sex, hunger, and fear.•The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile to human desires.•The naturalists’ recurrent concerns: Social systems that destroy and dehumanize; Individual experience of loss and failure.Writing Style•Scientifically accurate; Objective; Truthful in depicting life as a brutal struggle for survival; Factually detailed.Realism vs. Naturalism•Similarities:•Both strive for objectivity; Both are interested in the commonplace in contemporary life. •Differences:•Naturalists d escribe real life in a crude way, the way things really are; they don’t escape into a world of imagination.•Naturalists would go to the slums and write about the life of poverty and crime instead of going to a middle-class neighborhood and writing about middle-class life.•The naturalists’ tone in writing is less serious and less sympathetic but more detached and more pessimistic.Representatives of American Naturalism•Stephen Crane(1871-1900)斯蒂芬·克莱恩：The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》•Jack London杰克·伦敦：The Call of the Wild《荒野的呼唤》Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》•Theodore Dreiser•Frank Norris: the Octopus《章鱼》An American TragedyQ: Who are the major characters?Clyde Griffiths –a bellboy in the hotel; Roberta Alden –a working girl at the factory; Sondra Finchley –daughter of a wealthy bossQ: Why is the story not only a tragedy, but also an “American Tragedy”?• A tragedy: A man’s losing struggle against forces that shape human destiny.•Clyde’s life is doomed t o a tragedy. He attempts to break free of the environmental, economic, social, and fatalistic forces but fails. These forces, such as the mental and physical traits that he inherits at birth, the surroundings in which he grows up, the financial status of his family, their lower-class background, and happenstance (the automobile accident, for example), cannot be surpassed by any human being in the world.•An American Tragedy:•The story of An American Tragedy reveals the cultural and moral price of the frenzied drive for wealth and status which is officially encouraged as the realization of the “American Dream”. It is the materialistic society that is as much to blame as the murderer himself.Chapter XLIIWhat happens at the beginning of this episode?What’s the difference between the two letters in terms of their language and the different life they represent? What’s your impression on Sondra and Roberta?What does Clyde feel when both letters reach him?What does he do after reading the letters?What impresses him in the newspaper?What does Clyde feel after reading the news?Chapter XLIIIWhere does Clyde decide to go finally?What attracts Clyde most when he arrives at Twelfth Lake? Could he entertain himself with Sondra freely? Why?What happens in the moon night when Clyde is with Sondra? Do you think Sondra is serious about their relationship?What does Sondra tell Clyde the next morning and what’s her declaration?What does Clyde suggest? What’s Sondra’s reaction?Can you describe Clyde’s response wh en Sondra refuses to elope with him? Does Clyde decide what to do at the end of this chapter?。