金属有机化合物的基元反应(2)
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A ligand substitution can occur either by an associativeor dissociative route.In a dissociative substitution, one of the existing ligandson the metal center has to fall off (ligand dissociation),LnM+ :L'' --------> LnM-L"fastthis opens up a free coordination site to which the newligand can coordinate.S‡is significantly positive, the mechanism is almost certainlydissociative.If the rate does not depend on [L], the mechanism is almost certainlydissociative.axial site.The 14e-three coordinate intermediate is actually almost immediately coordinated by a solvent molecule to produce theConsider the following two substitution reactions.the most stable productSince we are starting with an 18e-complex, we have to proceed by adissociative substitution reaction. The phosphite ligand is the more weaklycoordinated and somewhat bulky due to the t-butyl groups. Thus it is the mostlikely ligand to fall off first.The P(OMe)3ligand has about the same σ-donorability as pyridine, but is a considerably better acceptor ligand, thus completing with the trans* Rate depends on both LnM-L' and L"ΔS‡is significantly negative, the mechanism is almost certainlyAssociative SubstitutionsThese occur first by a ligand addition to the metal complexfollowed by the dissociation of one of the original ligands.typically need to have an unsaturated(17e-or lower) complex in order topropose an associative substitution mechanism.there are very few verified examples of this in theliterature.Since we are starting with an 16e-Ni complex without any stericproblems we can to proceed by an associative substitutionreaction. Once the CO ligand coordinates, the weakest ligandthat should fall off is the THF. Late transition metals have a farPentadienylThe pentadienyl ligand is an acyclic version of Cp that does not have any aromatic stabilization. This has two important effects:Consider the following two reactions:Reaction a) is much faster than reaction b). Discuss why this is so.NitrosylThis can occasionally lead to interesting behavior where the linearIn general the stereochemistry of a square-planarcomplex is retained through the substitution reaction.。