精品解析：【全国百强校】山西省实验中学2020-2020学年高二第一学期12月月考地理试题(解析版)

山西省实验中学2019-2020学年第一学期九年级第一次阶段性测评九年级数学一、选择题（共10小题，满分20分，每小题2分）1.下列方程是一元二次方程的是（ ）A. x 2+2y ＝1B. x 3﹣2x ＝3C. x 2+21x ＝5D. x 2＝0 【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据一元二次方程的定义解答．一元二次方程必须满足四个条件：未知数的最高次数是2；二次项系数不为0；是整式方程；含有一个未知数．由这四个条件对四个选项进行验证，满足这四个条件者为正确答案．【详解】解：A 、x 2+2y ＝1是二元二次方程，故A 错误；B 、x 3﹣2x ＝3是一元三次方程，故B 错误；C 、x 2+21x ＝5是分式方程，故C 错误； D 、x 2＝0是一元二次方程，故D 正确；故选：D ．【点睛】本题考查了一 元二次方程的定义，掌握其定义 是解题的关键.2.把一元二次方程x (x +1)＝3x +2化为一般形式，正确的是( )A. x 2+4x +3＝0B. x 2﹣2x +2＝0C. x 2﹣3x ﹣1＝0D. x 2﹣2x ﹣2＝0【答案】D【解析】【分析】方程移项变形即可得到结果.【详解】一元二次方程的一般形式为20ax bx c ++=x(x+1)＝3x+2x2+x﹣3x﹣2＝0，x2﹣2x﹣2＝0故选：D．【点睛】本题考查一元二次方程的一般形式，难度较小.3.下列说法中不正确的是（）A. 四边相等的四边形是菱形B. 对角线垂直的平行四边形是菱形C. 菱形的对角线互相垂直且相等D. 菱形的邻边相等【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据菱形的判定与性质即可得出结论.【详解】解：A．四边相等的四边形是菱形；正确；B．对角线垂直的平行四边形是菱形；正确；C．菱形的对角线互相垂直且相等；不正确；D．菱形的邻边相等；正确；故选：C．【点睛】本题考查了菱形判定与性质以及平行四边形的性质；熟记菱形的性质和判定方法是解题的关键．4.一元二次方程2x2+x﹣3=0的根的情况是（）A. 有两个相等的实数根B. 有两个不相等的实数根C. 没有实数根D. 无法确定【答案】B【解析】试题分析：在方程2x 2+x ﹣3=0中，△=12﹣4×2×（﹣3）=25＞0，∴该方程有两个不相等的实数根．故选B ．考点：根的判别式5.如图，某农场拟建一间面积为200平方米的长方形种牛饲养室，饲养室一面靠墙（假设墙足够长），另三面用总长58米的建筑材料围成．若设该长方形垂直于墙的一边长为x 米，则下列方程正确的为（ ）A. ()58200x x -=B. ()29200x x -=C. ()292200x x -=D. ()582200x x -=【答案】D【解析】【分析】 根据题意用含x 的代数式表示出饲养室的宽，由矩形的面积=长×宽列式.【详解】解：∵垂直于墙的边长为xm ，∴平行于墙的一边为（58-2x ）m ．根据题意得：x （58-2x ）=200，故选：D ．【点睛】利用矩形的性质，正确理解题意，然后根据题意列出方程即可解决问题．6.下列说法中，正确的有（ ）个.①对角线互相垂直的四边形是菱形；②一组对边平行，一组对角相等的四边形是平行四边形；③有一个角是直角的四边形是矩形；④对角线相等且垂直的四边形是正方形；⑤每一条对角线平分每一组对角的四边形是菱形。

2024~2025学年高二10月质量检测卷数学（A 卷）考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。

满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。

3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。

选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。

4.本卷命题范围：人教A 版选择性必修第一册第一章～第二章。

一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.已知直线经过，两点，则的倾斜角为（）A.B.C.D.2.已知圆的方程是，则圆心的坐标是（ ）A. B. C. D.3.在长方体中，为棱的中点.若，，，则（）A. B. C. D.4.两平行直线，之间的距离为（ ）B.3D.5.曲线轴围成区域的面积为（ ）l (A (B l 6π3π23π56πC 2242110x y x y ++--=C ()2,1-()2,1-()4,2-()4,2-1111ABCD A B C D -M 1CC AB a = AD b =1AA c = AM =111222a b c -+ 111222a b c ++12a b c-+12a b c++ 1:20l x y --=2:240l x y -+=y =xA. B. C. D.6.已知平面的一个法向量，是平面内一点，是平面外一点，则点到平面的距离是（ ）A. B.D.37.在平面直角坐标系中，圆的方程为，若直线上存在点，使以点为圆心，1为半径的圆与圆有公共点，则实数的取值范围是（ ）A. B.C. D.8.在正三棱柱中，，，为棱上的动点，为线段上的动点，且，则线段长度的最小值为（ ）A.2二、选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分。

山西省实验中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次阶段性考试（9月）数学试卷一、单选题1．a r =(2，-1，3)，b r =(-1，4，-2)，c r=(3，2，λ)，若2c a b =+r r r ，则实数λ等于（ ） A ．2B ．3C ．4D ．52．已知{},,a b c r r r为空间的一组基底，则下列向量也能作为空间的一组基底的是（ ）A ．,,a b b c a c ++-r r r r r rB ．2,,a b b a c ++r r r r rC ．2,2,a b b c a b c ++++r r r r r r rD ．,2,2a c b a b c ++-r r r r r r3．已知向量()()()1,,1,,1,1,2,2,a x b y c z ===--r r r ，且,a b b c ⊥r r r r∥，则a b c ++=r r r （ ）A ．B ．3C ．D ．164．在空间直角坐标系O xyz -中，点B 是点()1,2,3A 在平面Oxz 内的射影，则OB u u u r=（ ）A B C D 5．在空间直角坐标系Oxyz 中，()2,0,v a =-r 是直线l 的方向向量，(),0,3n b =-r是平面α的一个法向量，若l α⊥，则（ ） A ．320a b += B ．230a b += C ．6ab =-D ．6ab =6．如图，在直二面角l αβ--中，B C 、是直线l 上两点，点A α∈，点D β∈，且,AB lCD l ⊥⊥，2AB =，3,4BC CD ==，那么直线AD 与直线BC 所成角的余弦值为（ ）A B C D 7．如图，平行六面体ABCD A B C D -''''，其中4AB =，3AD =，3AA '=，90BAD ∠=︒，60BAA '∠=︒，60DAA '∠=︒，则AC '的长为（ ）A B C D 8．如图，将菱形纸片ABCD 沿对角线AC 折成直二面角，,E F 分别为,AD BC 的中点，O 是AC 的中点，2π3ABC ∠=，则折后平面OEF 与平面ABC 夹角的余弦值为（ ）A B C D二、多选题9．下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．若空间中O ，A ，B ，C 满足1233OC OA OB =+u u u r u u u r u u u r，则A ，B ，C 三点共线B ．空间中三个非零向量,,a b c r r r，若0a b ⋅=r r ，0b c ⋅=r r ，则a c r r ∥C ．对空间任意一点O 和不共线三点A ，B ，C ，若220242025O P O A O B O C=+-u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r，则P ，A ，B ，C 共面D ．()1,1,a x =r ，()3,,9b x =r ，若310x >-，则a r与b r 的夹角为锐角10．如图，正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱长为2，点O 为底面ABCD 的中心，点P 为侧面11BB C C 内（不含边界）的动点，则（ ）A ．1D O AC ⊥B ．存在一点P ，使得11//D O B PC ．三棱锥1AD DP -的体积为43D ．若1D O PO ⊥，则11C D P V 11．已知长方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱2AB AD ==，11AA =，点P 满足：1AP AB AD AA λμγ=++u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r，λ、μ、[0,1]γ∈，下列结论正确的是（ ）A．当1λ=，0γ=时，P 到11A D B ．当1μ=时，点P 的到平面11BDD B 的距离的最大值为1C ．当0λ=，1μ=时，直线PB 与平面ABCD D ．当1λμ==，12γ=时，四棱锥11P BB DD -外接球的表面积为289π32三、填空题12．已知(2,1,3),(1,4,2),(3,5,)a b c λ=-=-=-v v v，若,,a b c v v v 三向量共面，则实数λ=.13．在空间直角坐标系Oxyz 中，()(2,1,0,AB AC ==u u u r u u u r，则点B 到直线AC 的距离为.14．如图，在三棱锥P ABC -中，AB BC ⊥，PA ⊥平面ABC ，AE PB ⊥于点E ，M 是AC的中点，1PB =，则EP EM ⋅u u u r u u u u r的最小值为．四、解答题15．如图，在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，2,AB E F =,分别是1,BD B C 的中点．(1)求异面直线1A E 与BF 所成角的余弦值； (2)求点1A 到平面BDF 的距离．16．如图，在所有棱长都为2的正三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，点D 为1AC 中点，设AB a u u u r r =，AC b =u u ur r ，1AA c =u u u r r .(1)以{},,a b c r r r 为一组基底，表示BD u u u r ，1CB u u u r ；(2)线段1CB 上是否存在一点E ，使得BD AE ⊥？若存在，求出AE u u u r；若不存在，说明理由. 17．在四棱锥P ABCD -中，底面ABCD 为菱形，ABD △和PBD △为正三角形，E 为PC 的中点．(1)证明：//PA 平面BDE ．(2)若2,3AB PC ==，求平面PAD 与平面BDE 夹角的余弦值．18．如图，在四棱锥P ABCD -中，底面ABCD 是边长为2的菱形，DCP V 为等边三角形，45DCB PCB ∠=∠=︒，点M ，N 分别为DP 和AB 的中点.(1)求证：//MN 平面PBC ；(2)作PH BC ⊥，垂足为H ，求证：PH ⊥平面ABCD ； (3)求CM 与平面P AD 所成角的正弦值.19．如图，四棱锥P ABCD -中，PA ⊥底面ABCD ，2PA AC ==，1BC =，AB =(1)若G 点为PBC △的重心，求AG u u u r；(2)若AD PB ⊥，证明：//AD 平面PBC ；(3)若AD DC ⊥，且二面角A CP D --，求AD .。

2020-2021学年山西省太原市高二（上）期中数学试卷一、选择题（共12小题）.1．（3分）直线x﹣2y+6＝0的斜率为（）A．2B．﹣2C．D．﹣2．（3分）长方体的长、宽、高分别为，，1，且其顶点都在同一球面上，则该球的表面积为（）A．3πB．6πC．12πD．24π3．（3分）已知A（0，0），B（1，1），直线l过点（2，0）且和直线AB平行，则直线l的方程为（）A．x﹣y﹣2＝0B．x+y﹣2＝0C．2x﹣y﹣4＝0D．2x+y﹣4＝0 4．（3分）圆（x﹣1）2+（y+2）2＝1的一条切线方程是（）A．x﹣y＝0B．x+y＝0C．x＝0D．y＝05．（3分）已知直线a，b，c满足a⊥b，a⊥c，且a⊂α，b，c⊂β，有下列说法：①a⊥β；②α⊥β；③b∥c．则正确的说法有（）A．3个B．2个C．1个D．0个6．（3分）直线x﹣2y+2＝0关于直线x＝1对称的直线方程是（）A．x+2y﹣4＝0B．2x+y﹣1＝0C．2x+y﹣3＝0D．2x+y﹣4＝0 7．（3分）在三棱锥A﹣BCD中，E，F分别为AC，AD的中点，设三棱锥A﹣BCD的体积为V1，四棱锥B﹣CDFE的体积为V2，则V1：V2＝（）A．4：3B．2：1C．3：2D．3：18．（3分）设x，y满足约束条件，则z＝x+2y的最大值为（）A．8B．7C．2D．19．（3分）如图，在三棱锥P﹣ABC中，不能证明AP⊥BC的条件是（）A．BC⊥平面APCB．BC⊥PC，AP⊥PCC．AP⊥PB，AP⊥PCD．AP⊥PC，平面APC⊥平面BPC10．（3分）已知半径为1的圆经过直线x+2y﹣11＝0和直线2x﹣y﹣2＝0的交点，那么其圆心到原点的距离的最大值为（）A．4B．5C．6D．711．（3分）如图，正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，DD1的中点为N，则异面直线AB1与CN 所成角的余弦值是（）A．B．C．D．012．（3分）在同一平面直角坐标系中，直线y＝k（x﹣1）+2和圆x2+y2﹣4x﹣2ay+4a﹣1＝0的位置关系不可能是（）A．①③B．①④C．②④D．②③二、填空题（共4小题）.13．（4分）空间直角坐标系中，已知点A（4，1，2），B（2，3，4），则|AB|＝．14．（4分）已知一个几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的侧面积为．15．（4分）已知圆C：x2+y2﹣2mx﹣4y+m2＝0（m＞0）被直线l：x﹣y+3＝0截得的弦长为2，则m＝．16．（4分）已知四棱锥的底面是边长为2的正方形，侧棱长均为，若圆柱的一个底面的圆周经过四棱锥四条侧棱的中点，另一个底面的圆心为四棱锥底面的中心，则该圆柱的体积为．三、解答题（本大题共3小题，共48分，解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤）17．（8分）已知直线l1经过点M（2，1），在两坐标轴上的截距相等且不为0．（1）求直线l1的方程；（2）若直线l2⊥l1，且过点M，求直线l2的方程．18．（10分）如图，P为圆锥的顶点，O是圆锥底面的圆心，AC，BD为圆锥底面的两条直径，M为母线PD上一点，连接MA，MO，MC．（1）若M为PD的中点，证明：PB∥平面MAC；（2）若PB∥平面MAC，证明：M为PD的中点．19．（10分）已知圆C经过点A（0，1），B（2，1），M（3，4）．（1）求圆C的方程；（2）设点P为直线l：x﹣2y﹣1＝0上一点，过点P作圆C的两条切线，切点分别为E，F．若∠EPF＝60°，求点P的坐标．四.（本小题满分10分）说明：请同学们在（20）、（21）两个小题中任选一题作答。

12024－2024学年山西省山西高校附属中学高二上学期期中考试化学试题留意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔干脆答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、单选题1．下列不属于新能源开发利用的是A ．太阳能热水器B ．自然气动力汽车C ．潮汐能发电D ．风能发电2．2024年8月，四川九寨沟地震造成了重大人员财产损失。

地震救援中须要运用大量的消毒剂，下列消毒剂属于强电解质的是A ．次氯酸B ．二氧化氯C ．酒精D ．高锰酸钾 3．下列食品添加剂中，其运用目的与反应速率有关的是 A ．抗氧化剂 B ．调味剂 C ．着色剂 D ．增稠剂4．向饱和石灰水中投入0.56g 氧化钙，并复原到原来的温度，下列说法正确的是 A ．溶液的pH 增大 B ．溶液中c (Ca 2+)不变 C ．OH －数目不变 D ．析出的Ca(OH)2质量为0.74g5．与纯水的电离相像，液氨中也存在着微弱的电离：2NH 3⇌NH 4++NH 2－，据此推断以下叙述中不正确的是A ．液氨中含有NH 3、NH 4+、NH 2－微粒B ．其他条件不变，若增加液氨的量，电离平衡将正向移动C ．只要不加入其他物质，液氨中c(NH 4+)=c(NH 2－) D ．肯定温度下液氨中c(NH 4+)• c(NH 2－)是一个常数6．已知热化学方程式：2H 2(g)+O 2(g) =2H 2O(l) ∆H= －571.6 kJ·mol －1，2CH 3OH(l)+3O 2(g) =2CO 2(g)+4H 2O(l) ∆H= －1452 kJ·mol －1，H +(aq)+OH －(aq) =H 2O(l) ∆H= －57.3 kJ·mol －1。

2024—2025学年山西名校十月联合考试高二物理本试卷满分100分，考试用时75分钟。

注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题：本题共10小题，共46分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1～7题只有一项符合题目要求，每小题4分；第8～10题有多项符合题目要求，每小题6分，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

1．下面是某同学对一些公式的理解，其中正确的是（ ）A ．真空中点电荷的电场强度公式仅适用于点电荷电场，适用于任何电场B ．电势差的比值定义式适用于任何电场，且跟、q 无关C ．由公式可知，电场中某点的电势与q 成反比D ．由可知，电场中任意两点a 、b 间的距离越大，两点间电势差也一定越大2．设在无摩擦的桌面上放置有5个相同的钢球，其中3个紧密连接排成一列，另2个一起自左方以速度v 正面弹性碰撞右边3个球，如图所示。

碰撞后向右运动的小球个数为（ ）A ．1个B ．2个C ．3个D ．4个3．一辆质量为20kg 的玩具赛车在水平直跑道上由静止开始匀加速启动，达到额定功率后保持功率不变，其加速度a 随时间t 变化的规律如图所示。

已知赛车在跑道上运动时受到的阻力恒为40N ，赛车从起点到终点所用的时间为35s ，赛车到达终点前已达到最大速度，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．赛车匀加速行驶的距离是25mB ．赛车5s 末的速度是15m/s2Q E k r =UE d=abab W U q=ab U ab W p E qϕ=ϕab U Ed =C ．赛车5s 末的功率是1000WD ．赛车匀速行驶的时间是30s4．如图所示的是某电场的等势面分布情况，相邻等势面电势差相等，如果把电子从b 等势面移到e 等势面，则静电力做的功为（ ）A ．15e VB ．C ．15JD ．5．如图所示，点电荷A 和B 带电荷量分别为和，彼此相距6cm 。

山西省实验中学2020—2021学年度第一学期第一次月考试题（卷）高二生物总分：100分考试时间：90分钟命题人：郭燕审核人：赵继瑞第一卷（客观题）一、选择题（共70 分，每题2 分）1. 下列关于内环境稳态的叙述，不正确的是A．酶促反应需要稳定的内环境B．稳态是机体进行正常生命活动的必要条件C．内环境的稳态就是保持其成分的恒定不变D．稳态遭到破坏时，就会引起细胞代谢紊乱2. 在人体的内环境中可以发生的生理过程是A．丙酮酸的氧化分解B．血浆蛋白和血红蛋白的合成C．食物中的淀粉经过消化分解成葡萄糖D．浆细胞产生特异性抗体与抗原结合3.下列物质中不应该出现在内环境中的是A．神经递质B．氨基酸C．呼吸氧化酶D．一氧化氮4．正常情况下，当人体局部组织活动增加时，代谢产物增加，此时该组织中的A．组织液增加，淋巴增加B．组织液减少，淋巴增加C．组织液增加，淋巴减少D．组织液减少，淋巴减少5.下图所示为人体体液相关组成及各成分间的关系，请依次填出①～⑤相关内容：A．细胞内液血浆组织液淋巴细胞外液B．细胞外液血浆淋巴组织液细胞内液C．细胞外液组织液血浆淋巴细胞内液D．细胞内液血浆淋巴组织液细胞外液6．如图所示，食物中的葡萄糖被吸收后进入血液中的红细胞中，通过的人体内环境名称依次是A．组织液→血浆B．组织液→淋巴→血浆C．细胞内液→组织液→细胞内液D．组织液→细胞内液→血浆7. 与内环境物质交换关系最密切的四大系统是A. 消化呼吸神经内分泌B. 消化呼吸循环泌尿C. 循环泌尿消化神经D. 呼吸内分泌循环运动8．下列关于人体细胞外液的叙述，不正确的是A．人体的细胞外液即内环境B．细胞外液的化学成分中有葡萄糖、无机盐、激素、尿素等物质C．细胞外液主要成分之间的关系途径之一可表示为组织液→淋巴→血浆D．小肠壁的肌细胞可以不通过细胞外液从肠道直接吸收葡萄糖9．如图表示人体细胞与外界环境之间进行物质交换的过程。

Ⅰ、Ⅰ、Ⅰ、Ⅰ表示能直接与内环境进行物质交换的 4 种系统或器官。

山西省高二上学期期末数学试卷（理科）姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共12题；共24分)1. （2分）下列命题中，错误的是（）A . 一个平面与两个平行平面相交，交线平行B . 平行于同一个平面的两个平面平行C . 平行于同一条直线的两个平面平行D . 一条直线与两个平行平面中的一个相交，则必与另一个相交【考点】2. （2分）(2018·南宁月考) 已知，则双曲线的离心率等于（）A .B .C . 2D . 3【考点】3. （2分） (2020高二上·莆田期中) 已知，若共面，则实数的值为（）A .B . 14C . 12D .【考点】4. （2分）以正方形的相对顶点A,C为焦点的椭圆恰好过正方形四边中点，则椭圆的离心率为（）A .B .C .D .【考点】5. （2分） (2017高三上·太原月考) 函数定义在上.则“曲线过原点”是“ 为奇函数”的（）条件.A . 充分而不必要B . 必要而不充分C . 充要D . 既不充分又不必要【考点】6. （2分）在空间直角坐标系中，点关于平面xOy的对称点的坐标是（）A . (3,2,-1)B . (-3,-2,-1)C . (-3,2,1)D . (3,-2,1)【考点】7. （2分）命题“∀x∈R，x2﹣2x+4≤0”的否定为（）A . ∀x∈R，x2﹣2x+4≥0B . ∃x∈R，x2﹣2x+4＞0C . ∀x∉R，x2﹣2x+4≤0D . ∃x∉R，x2﹣2x+4＞0【考点】8. （2分） (2016高二上·绥化期中) 已知双曲线的一条渐近线方程是，它与椭圆有相同的焦点，则双曲线的方程为（）A .B .C .D .【考点】9. （2分）(2020·江西模拟) 已知是球O的内接三棱锥，球O的半径为2，且，，，则点A到平面的距离为（）A .B .C .D .【考点】10. （2分）直线与抛物线交于两点，为坐标原点，且，则（）A .B .C .D .【考点】11. （2分） (2020高二上·佛山期末) 正四棱柱中，，则异面直线与所成角的余弦值为（）A .B .C .D .【考点】12. （2分）(2020·哈尔滨模拟) 下列说法正确的是（）A . 命题“ ，”的否定形式是“ ，”B . 若平面，，，满足，则C . 随机变量服从正态分布（），若，则D . 设是实数，“ ”是“ ”的充分不必要条件【考点】二、填空题 (共4题；共4分)13. （1分）已知四面体ABCD中，，，AC，BD的中点分别为E，F，则=________.【考点】14. （1分）已知命题p：∀x∈[0，1]，a≥ex ，命题q：“∃x∈R，x2+4x+a=0”，若命题“p∧q”是真命题，则实数a的取值范围是________【考点】15. （1分） (2017高二下·淄川开学考) 设抛物线y2=4x上一点P到直线x+2=0的距离是6，则点P到抛物线焦点F的距离为________．【考点】16. （1分） (2017高二上·牡丹江月考) 已知椭圆离心率为，双曲线的渐近线与椭圆有四个交点，以这四个交点为顶点的四边形面积为16，则椭圆的方程为________ 【考点】三、解答题 (共6题；共45分)17. （5分） (2015高二下·九江期中) 设命题p：|2x﹣1|≤3；命题q：x2﹣（2a+1）x+a（a+1）≤0，若￢q是￢p的必要不充分条件，求实数a的取值范围．【考点】18. （10分） (2020高二上·青铜峡期末)（1）已知椭圆中心在原点，一个焦点为，且长轴长是短轴长的2倍，求该椭圆的标准方程；（2）已知双曲线焦点在y轴上，焦距为10，双曲线的渐近线方程为，求双曲线的方程．【考点】19. （5分） (2017·河北模拟) 如图，已知平面ADC∥平面A1B1C1 ， B为线段AD的中点，△ABC≈△A1B1C1 ，四边形ABB1A1为正方形，平面AA1C1C丄平面ADB1A1 ， A1C1=A1A，∠C1A1A= ，M为棱A1C1的中点．（Ⅰ）若N为线段DC1上的点，且直线MN∥平面ADB1A1 ，试确定点N的位置；（Ⅱ）求平面MAD与平面CC1D所成的锐二面角的余弦值．【考点】20. （5分）如图，椭圆C： + =1（a＞b＞0）经过点P（2，3），离心率e= ，直线1的方程为y=4．（Ⅰ）求椭圆C的方程；（Ⅱ）AB是经过（0，3）的任一弦（不经过点P），设直线AB与直线l相交于点M，记PA，PB，PM的斜率分别为k1 ， k2 ， k3 ．问：是否存在常数λ，使得十 = ？若存在，求λ的值．【考点】21. （10分）如图，在梯形ABCD中，AB∥CD，AB=4，AD=DC=CB=2，四边形ACFE是矩形，AE=1，平面ACFE⊥平面ABCD，点G是BF的中点．（1）求证：CG∥平面ADF；（2）直线BE与平面ACFE所成角的正切值．【考点】22. （10分）(2016·浦城模拟) 过抛物线L：x2=2py（p＞0）的焦点F且斜率为的直线与抛物线L在第一象限的交点为P，且|PF|=5．（1）求抛物线L的方程；（2）与圆x2+（y+1）2=1相切的直线l：y=kx+t交抛物线L于不同的两点M、N，若抛物线上一点C满足=λ（ + ）（λ＞0），求λ的取值范围．【考点】参考答案一、选择题 (共12题；共24分)答案：1-1、考点：解析：答案：2-1、考点：解析：答案：3-1、考点：解析：答案：4-1、考点：解析：答案：5-1、考点：解析：答案：6-1、考点：解析：答案：7-1、考点：解析：答案：8-1、考点：解析：答案：9-1、考点：解析：答案：10-1、考点：解析：答案：11-1、考点：解析：答案：12-1、考点：解析：二、填空题 (共4题；共4分)答案：13-1、考点：解析：答案：14-1、考点：解析：答案：15-1、考点：解析：答案：16-1、考点：解析：三、解答题 (共6题；共45分)答案：17-1、考点：解析：答案：18-1、答案：18-2、考点：解析：答案：19-1、考点：解析：考点：解析：答案：21-1、答案：21-2、考点：解析：答案：22-1、答案：22-2、考点：解析：。

山大附中2019~2020学年第一学期期中考试高二年级物理试题一、单项选择题1.关于电流，下列说法中正确的是()A. 通过导体横截面的电荷量越多，电流越大B. 电子运动的速率越大，电流越大C. 单位时间内通过导体横截面的电荷量越多，导体中的电流越大D. 因为电流有方向，所以电流是矢量『答案』C『解析』【详解】AC．根据qIt可知，电流等于单位时间内通过导体横截面的电量，通过导体的横截面的电荷量多，电流不一定大，还要看时间，单位时间内通过导体截面的电量越多，导体中的电流越大,故A错误，C正确；BD．根据I=nesv可知电子运动的速率越大，电流不一定越大，选项B错误；电流的方向是人为规定的，所以电流是一个标量，故D错误。

【点睛】本题考查了学生对电流的相关知识的掌握，属于电学基础知识的考查，相对比较简单。

2.如图所示，平行金属板中带电液滴P原处于静止状态，不考虑电流表和电压表对电路的影响，当滑动变阻器4R的滑片向b端移动时，则（）A. 电压表读数减小B. 电流表读数减小C. 液滴P将向上运动D. 3R上消耗的功率逐渐增大『答案』A『解析』【详解】AB ．由图可知，R 2与滑动变阻器R 4串联后与R 3并联后，再与R 1串联接在电源两端；电容器与R 3并联；当滑动变阻器R 4的滑片向b 移动时，滑动变阻器接入电阻减小，则电路中总电阻减小；由闭合电路欧姆定律可知，电路中电流增大；路端电压减小，同时R 1两端的电压也增大，故并联部分的电压减小；由欧姆定律可知流过R 3的电流减小，流过并联部分的总电流增大，故电流表示数增大；因并联部分电压减小，而R 2中电压增大，故电压表示数减小，故A 正确，B 错误；C ．因电容器两端电压减小，故电荷受到的向上电场力减小，则重力大于电场力，合力向下，质点将向下运动，故C 错误；D ．因R 3两端的电压减小，由23U PR =可知，R 3上消耗的功率减小，故D 错误。

3.某电解池中，若在 2 s 内各有1.0×1019个二价正离子和2.0×1019个一价负离子通过某截面，那么通过这个截面的电流是（ ） A. 0B. 0.8 AC. 1.6 AD. 3.2 A『答案』D 『解析』【详解】通过截面的电荷量191919191.610C 1.0102 1.610C 2.010 6.4C q --=⨯⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯=通过截面的电流 6.4A 3.2A 2q I t === 故D 正确。

2024—2025学年山西名校十月联合考试高二数学注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上.2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效.3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.4.本试卷主要考试内容：人教A 版必修第一册、必修第二册、选择性必修第一册第一章至第二章2.4.一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知向量，.若，则（ ）A.4B. C.8D.2，将函数的图象向左平移个单位长度后得到函数的图象，则（ ）A. B. C. D.3，若直线：与直线：垂直，且直线：与直线：垂直，则（ ）A.1B. C.2D.4.若点在圆：的外部，则的取值范围为（ ）A. B.C. D.5.在山西的某个旅游景点内有刀削面、油炸糕、糖火烧、炕馍、莜面这5种传统小吃.某游客从中随机选择3种品尝，则该游客选择了油炸糕和莜面品尝的概率为（ ）A.B.C.D.6.我国古代数学名著《九章算术》中，将底面为直角三角形，且侧棱垂直于底面的棱柱称为堑堵.已知在堑堵中，，，，，分别是所在棱的中点，则下列3个直观图中满足的有（ ）()1,a m = ()2,8b m =-//a b m =4-8-()sin 9f x x =19()g x ()g x =()sin 91x +1sin 981x ⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭1sin 99x ⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭πsin 99x ⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭1l 320ax y -+=2l 330ax y ++=3l 240a x y -+=4l ()20x a y ++=a =1-2-()2,2P C 2224380x y ax y a +++++=a 24,17⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭()24,4,7⎛⎫-∞--+∞ ⎪⎝⎭()1,+∞()24,14,7⎛⎫--+∞ ⎪⎝⎭353102513111ABC A B C -π2ABC ∠=1AB BC AA ==D E F BF DE ⊥A.0个B.1个C.2个D.3个7.在四面体中，为的外心，底面，，，，则四面体外接球的表面积为（ ）A.B. C.D.8.已知，直线：，过点作的垂线，垂足为，则点到轴的距离的最小值为（ ）A. B. C. D.二、选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分.在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得分分，有选错的得0分.9.已知集合，，，则（）A. B. C. D.10.已知一组数据为1，，，3，4，，1，1，3，2，其中，则（ ）A.这组数据的中位数不可能为3B.当这组数据的众数为1时，C.当时，这组数据的方差为1.25D.当这组数据的平均数为2.2时，的最小值为11.已知四棱柱的底面是边长为6的菱形，平面，，，点满足，其中，则（ ）A.当为底面的中心时，B.当时，C.当时，长度的最大值为6ABCD E ABC △DE ⊥ABC 1AC =DE =1sin 4ABC ∠=ABCD 49π318π50π320π()1,3A -l ()()21210m x m y m +-++-=A l B B x 444+8-1,2M x x m m ⎧⎫==+∈⎨⎬⎩⎭Z 32,2N x x n n ⎧⎫==-∈⎨⎬⎩⎭Z ,2p P x x p ⎧⎫==∈⎨⎬⎩⎭Z N P⊆P M⊆N M⊆M N⊆x y x 05x y <<≤3x ≠340x y -+-=24x y +1671111ABCD A B C D -1AA ⊥ABCD 13AA =π3DAB ∠=P 1AP AB AD t AA λμ=++ [],,0,1t λμ∈P 1111A B C D 53t λμ++=1t λμ++=AP 1t λμ++=APD.当时，为定值三、填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分.把答案填在答题卡中的横线上.12.若复数满足，则的虚部为______，______.13.已知在正四棱台中，，，，则异面直线与所成角的余弦值为______.14.已知函数.若不等式对任意恒成立，则的取值范围是______.四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.（13分）在中，角，，的对边分别为，，，已知.（1）若，求；（2）若，，求的面积.16.（15分）如图，在正六棱柱中，为的中点.设，，.（1）用，，表示向量，；（2）若，求的值.17.（15分）已知圆经过点，，.（1）求圆的标准方程；（2）若一条光线从点射向直线，经该直线反射后经过圆上的点，求该光线从点到点的路线长的最小值.18.（17分）如图，已知，，，四点均在直径为6的球的球面上，，，，221t λμλμ++==1A Pz ()2i 10z +⋅=z z =1111ABCD A B C D -()0,4,0AB = ()13,1,1CB =- ()112,0,0A D =-1DB 11A D ())3311log 4f x x x =-++()()()42320x x f f m f -+⋅+-<x ∈R m ABC △A B C a b c 2cos c b a B +=π2A =B a =1b =ABC △111111ABCDEF A B CDEF -M 1FF AB a = AF b = 1AA c =a b c DM 1BE2a c ==1DM BE ⋅ M ()1,3A ()2,4B ()3,3C M ()0,1D 40x y --=M E D E A O C P B 6AP =0AO OC ⋅= AH HO =，，直线与平面所成的角为，点在线段上运动.（1）证明：平面.（2）设平面与平面的夹角为，求的最大值.19.（17分）过点作斜率分别为，的直线，，若（），则称直线，是定积直线或定积直线.（1）已知直线：（），直线：，试问是否存在点，使得直线，是定积直线？请说明理由.（2）在中，为坐标原点，点与点均在第一象限，且点在二次函数的图象上.若直线与直线是定积直线，直线与直线是定积直线，直线与直线是定积直线，求点的坐标.（3）已知直线与是定积直线，设点到直线，的距离分别为，，求的取值范围.OK KC = PC AC =PO AOC π3D PC CP ⊥AOC BOC KHD θcos θ()00,A x y 1k 2k 1l 2l 12k k μ=0μ≠1l 2l ()A K μ()()00,xy K μa y kx =0k ≠b 13y x k=-A a b ()A K μOPM △O P M ()00,M x y 23y x =-OP OM ()()0,01K OP PM ()2P K -OM PM ()00,202x y K x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭P m n ()()2,44K --()0,0O m n 1d 2d 12d d2024—2025学年山西名校十月联合考试高二数学参考答案1. D 根据题意可得，解得.2. A 易得.3. B 由得.4. D 根据题意可得解得或.5. B 将刀削面、油炸糕、糖火烧、炕馍、莜面这5种传统小吃分别设为，，，，，根据题意可得该游客从中随机选择3种品尝的所有情况有，，，，，，，，，，共10种，其中该游客选择了油炸糕和莜面品尝的情况有3种，故所求概率为.6. C 设，以，，所在直线分别为轴，轴，轴建立空间直角坐标系（图略），则.在图①中，，，，则，，所以，满足；在图②中，，，，则，，所以，满足；在图③中，，，，则，，所以，不满足.7. C 设四面体的外接球为球，其半径为，外接圆的半径为.由正弦定理得，则.由，，得，解得，所以球的表面积为.82m m -=8m =-()()11sin 9sin 9199g x f x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=+=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()22330,20,a a a ⎧-=⎪⎨-+=⎪⎩1a =-()24448380,4164380,a a a a +++++>⎧⎨+-+>⎩2417a -<<-4a >A B C D E ()A,B,C ()A,B,D ()A,B,E ()A,C,D ()A,C,E ()A,D,E ()B,C,D ()B,C,E ()B,D,E ()C,D,E 3102AB =BA BC 1BB x y z ()0,0,0B ()1,0,2D ()0,1,0E ()1,1,0F ()1,1,0BF = ()1,1,2DE =--110BF DE ⋅=-+=BF DE ⊥()1,0,2D ()1,1,0E ()0,2,1F ()0,2,1BF = ()0,1,2DE =-220BF DE ⋅=-= BF DE ⊥()1,0,0D ()1,1,0E ()1,1,2F ()1,1,2BF = ()0,1,0DE =10BF DE ⋅=≠BF DE ⊥ABCD O r ABC △R 24sin ACR ABC==∠2CE R ==OC OD =OE CE ⊥)2222r r =+r =O 250π43r π=8. B 由，得.令解得即过定点，所以点在以为直径的圆上，其中圆心.因为圆心到轴的距离为4，所以点到轴的距离的最小值为.9. AC 由题意得，，所以，A ，C 正确，B，D 错误.10. BCD 当时，这组数据的中位数为3，A 错误.当这组数据的众数为1时，若，则这组数据的众数为3，这与这组数据的众数为1矛盾，所以，B 正确.当时，，，，，C 正确.当这组数据的平均数为2.2时，，则，当且仅当，即时，等号成立，D 正确.11. BCD 连接，.设与交于点，则.当为底面的中心时，.()()21210m x m y m +-++-=()2210m x y x y -++--=20,210,x y x y -+=⎧⎨--=⎩3,5,x y =⎧⎨=⎩l ()3,5C B AC M ()1,4M =M x B x 4-21,2m M x x m ⎧+⎫==∈⎨⎬⎩⎭Z ()4114341,,222n n k N x x n x x k ⎧⎫-+-⎧+⎫⎪⎪===∈==∈⎨⎬⎨⎬⎩⎭⎪⎪⎩⎭Z Z 221,2k x x k ⎧⨯+⎫==∈⎨⎬⎩⎭Z N M P ÞÞ3x ≥3x =3x ≠340x y -+-=3x =4y = 2.5x =()222150.55 1.5 1.2510s =⨯⨯+⨯=2 2.210157x y +=⨯-=()(241241281162887777y x x y x y x y x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫+=++=++≥+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭28y x x y =722y x ==11A C 11B D 11A C 11B D E 1111111112222A E AB A D AB AD =+=+P 1111A B C D 1111122AP AA A E AB AD AA =+=++因为，所以，，所以，A 错误.当时，点在平面内，则长度的最大值为6，长度的最小值即到平面的距离.设到平面的距离为，则，解得，B ，C 均正确.因为，所以在底面上，且，则，得，D 正确.12.；依题意得，则的虚部为，.依题意得，设异面直线与所成的角为，因为，所以14. 因为的定义域为，1AP AB AD t AA λμ=++ 12λμ==1t =2t λμ++=1t λμ++=P 1A BD AP AP A 1A BD A 1A BD h 11π1166sin 3632332h ⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯=⨯⨯h =221t λμλμ++==P 1111A B C D 1A P AB AD λμ=+()2222222123636A P AB AD AB AD λμλμλμλμ=++⋅=++= 16A P =2-()()()102i 102010i42i 2i 2i 2i 5z --====-++-z 2-z ==()1113,3,1DB DC CB AB CB =+=+= 1DB 11A D θπ0,2θ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦111111111cos cos ,DB A D DB A D DB A D θ⋅====(),4-∞()f x R ())3311log 4f x x x-=--+-，所以为奇函数.因为函数在上单调递增，函数在上单调递增，所以在上单调递增.因为为奇函数，所以在上单调递增，因为，所以不等式即为，则.因为，所以，即.因为，当且仅当，即时，等号成立，所以，即的取值范围是.15.解：（1）因为，所以.因为，所以，则或（舍去），所以.因为，所以.（2）由（1）得.因为，解得所以，，，所以.故的面积为.16.解：（1）.)()3331311log 1log 44x x x f x =--+=-+-=-()f x 3114y x =-[)0,+∞)3log y x =+[)0,+∞()f x [)0,+∞()f x ()f x R ()()3232f f --=()()()42320xx ff m f -+⋅+-<()()()4232x x f f m f -+⋅<()4232x x f m -+⋅<()34311log 932f =-+=424xxm -+⋅<444222x x xx m +<=+4242x x +≥=422xx =1x =4m <m (),4-∞2cos c b a B +=sin sin 2sin cos C B A B +=()sin sin sin cos cos sin C A B A B A B =+=+()sin sin cos cos sin sin B A B A B A B =-=-B A B =-πB A B +-=2A B =π2A =π4B =2A B =sin sin a bA B=1sin B =cos B =π4B =π2A =π4C =1c b ==ABC △111122⨯⨯=()111222DM DE EF FM AB AB AF AA a b c =++=--++=--+ ()111122BE BA AF FE EE AB AF AB AF AA AF AA a c=+++=-++++=+=+（2）由题意易得，，则.17.解：（1）设圆的标准方程为（）.代入，，的坐标，得解得所以圆的标准方程为.（2）设点关于直线对称的点的坐标为，则解得即.由（1）可得圆的圆心为，半径，则该光线从点到点的路线长的最小值为.18.（1）证明：由题意可知为球的直径，所以，.又因为，所以，，所以平面，平面，所以，，所以平面.（2）解：如图，以为坐标原点，，所在直线分别为轴，轴建立空间直角坐标系.2π1cos 22232a b a b ⎛⎫⋅=⨯=⨯⨯-=- ⎪⎝⎭0a c ⋅= ()11222DM BE a b c b c⎛⎫⋅=--+⋅+ ⎪⎝⎭22221142242222a b a c b b c b c c a b a c b c=-⋅-⋅--⋅+⋅+=-⋅-⋅-+ ()2214222222=-⨯--⨯+⨯=M ()()222x a y b r -+-=0r >()1,3A ()2,4B ()3,3C ()()()()()()22222222213,24,33,a b r a b r a b r ⎧-+-=⎪⎪-+-=⎨⎪-+-=⎪⎩2,3,1,a b r =⎧⎪=⎨⎪=⎩M ()()22231x y -+-=()0,1D 40x y --=D '(),m n 111,0140,22n m m n -⎧⨯=-⎪⎪-⎨+⎪--=⎪⎩5,4,m n =⎧⎨=-⎩()5,4D '-M ()2,3M 1r =D E 11D M r '-=-=-AP B AC CP ⊥AO OP ⊥0AO OC ⋅=AO OC ⊥OC OP O = AO ⊥POC CP ⊂POC AO CP ⊥AO AC A = CP ⊥AOC O OA OC x y根据题意可得，，，则，所以，，，，，，则，，，设平面的法向量为，则取.设（），则.设平面的法向量为，则取.令，，，6AP =PC AC ==π3POC ∠=OC ==AO ==()A ()C )HK ⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭(P B OB = ()OC = HK ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭BOC ()111,,m x y z =11110,0,m OB y z m OC ⎧⋅=+=⎪⎨⎪⋅==⎩ (m = ()CD CP λ==01λ≤≤KD KC CD ⎛⎫=+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭KHD ()222,,n x y z =22220,0,n HK y n KD y z ⎧⋅=+=⎪⎪⎨⎪⋅=+=⎪⎩ ),,1n =- cos cos ,m n m n m n θ⋅====31t λ=+[]1,4t ∈11,14t ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦则，当，即，时，.19.解：（1）由题意可得，由得故存在点，使得，是定积直线，且.（2）设直线的斜率为（），则直线的斜率为，直线的斜率为.依题意得，得，即或.直线的方程为，因为点在直线上，所以.因为点在第一象限，所以，解得或（舍去），，，所以直线的方程为，直线的方程为，由得即点的坐标为.（3）设直线：，直线：，其中，则，，当且仅当，即时，等号成立，所以，即，故的取值范围为.cos θ===123t =32t =16λ=cos θ1133k k ⎛⎫⋅-=- ⎪⎝⎭()0,1,3y kx k y x k ⎧=≠⎪⎨=-⎪⎩0,0,x y =⎧⎨=⎩()0,0A a b ()A K μ13μ=-OM λ0λ≠OP 1λPM 2λ-()2022x λλ⋅-=-2201x λ=01x λ=1-OM y x λ=()200,3M x x -OM 2003x x λ-=M 20031x x λ-==02x =2-12λ=()2,1M OP 12y x x λ==PM ()2213y x x λ=--+=-+2,3,y x y x =⎧⎨=-+⎩1,2,x y =⎧⎨=⎩P ()1,2m ()42y t x -=+n ()442y x t -=-+0t ≠12d d ===2216171725t t ++≥=2216t t=24t =08≤<1208d d ≤<12d d [)0,8。

答案：1、A B曲解文意，二者的目的不尽相同，且材料一并未提出方法策略。

材料一谈到中华文明的连续性的目的在于指出中华民族必须走自己的路，必须从历史的连续性来了解中国，材料二谈中华文明连续性的目的是建设中华民族现代文明。

C强加因果。

材料一中，二者是并列关系D以偏概全。

深入了解中华历史包含两方面的做法，选项只提到了一方面。

2、D因果倒置。

“实现精神上的独立自主，自立自强”是“讲好中国故事”的结果，而非先决条件。

3、B论据与观点不匹配。

引用名言意在论证赓续文明的目的，着重探索和把握历史发展规律，做到以史为镜和知往鉴今。

4、①这些词语含有炫耀的意味，用以说明摸清历史家底，赓续中华文明的错误心态和目的。

从反面论证了赓续文明的目的在于探索和把握历史发展规律，做到以史为镜和知往鉴今。

②这三个词运用了比喻的修辞手法，使论证语言生动形象，深入浅出、易于理解。

5、①让广大青少年从源远流长的历史连续性来认识中国，只有理解过去的中国，才能理解现在与未来的中国。

②可以让青少年更深入地了解历史文化的特色与意义，以史为镜，知往鉴今。

③青少年深入了解中华文明历史，有利于推进中国特色社会主义文化繁荣，建设中华民族现代文明。

6、A“这为后面的悲剧结局埋下伏笔”错，“十分勤俭”属于人物性格，人物性格的这个特征与情节发展没有直接照应关系。

7、B“说明了奥什科纳老爹圆滑世故的性格为世人所普遍讨厌”于文无据。

8、①交代了主人公的生活环境；②营造了拥挤嘈杂、混乱肮脏的氛围；③导引主人公奥什科纳老爹的出场，为后文情节发展作了铺垫；④暗示主人公奥什科纳的悲剧命运。

（答对1点给1分，共4分）9、①“绳子”是全文的线索，串起整个故事；②“绳子”象征命运的绞索，深化主题。

人性中的冷漠、幸灾乐祸、仇恨诬陷等等邪恶成份是造成悲剧的根源。

③主人公因“绳子”而蒙冤，小说以小见大，引人深思。

一根绳子成为展示人性的舞台，群体性的缺德行为是造成的个人命运悲剧的原因。

山西省山西高校附属中学2024-2025学年高二物理上学期期中试题考试时间：90分钟满分：100分一、单项选择题（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1．如图为一种服务型机器人，其额定功率为56W，额定工作电压为28V，机器人的锂电池容量为20A·h．以下关于机器人的说法正确的是（）A．机器人的额定工作电流为20AB．机器人充溢电后最长工作时间为2hC．电池充溢电后总电量为7.2×104CD．以额定电流工作时每秒消耗能量为20J2．如图是匀强电场遇到空腔导体后的部分电场线分布图，电场线的方向如图中箭头所示，M、N、O是以直电场线上一点O为圆心的同一圆周上的三点，OQ连线垂直于MN．以下说法正确的是（）A．O点电势与Q点电势相等B．M、O间的电势差大于NO间的电势差C．将一负电荷由M点移到Q点，电荷的电势能削减D．在Q点释放一个正电荷，正电荷所受电场力将沿与OQ垂直的方向竖直向上3．某汽车的电源与启动电机、车灯连接的简化电路如图所示．当汽车启动时，开关S闭合，电机工作，车灯突然变暗，此时以下说法不正确的是（）A．电路的总电流变小B．路端电压变小C．车灯的电流变小D．电源的总功率变大4．如图所示，两块水平放置的平行金属板a、b，相距为d，组成一个电容为C的平行板电容器，R1为定值电阻，R2为可变电阻，开关S闭合．质量为m的带正电的微粒从O点以水平速度v射入金属板间，沿曲线打在b板上的P点．若经过相关的调整后，微粒仍从O 点以水平速度v射入，不计空气阻力及板外电场，则下列推断正确的是（）A ．只增大R 2，微粒打在P 点左侧B ．只增大R 2，微粒仍打在P 点C ．S 断开，a 板略微竖直上移，微粒仍打在P 点D ．S 断开，a 板略微竖直上移，微粒打在P 点左侧5．如图所示的电路中，若ab 端为输入端，AB 为输出端，并把滑动变阻器的滑动触片置于变阻器的中心，则以下说法错误的是( )A ．空载时输出电压U AB =2ab U B ．当AB 间接上负载R 时，输出电压U AB ＜2ab U C ．AB 间的负载R 越大，U AB 越接近2ab U D ．AB 间的负载R 越小，U AB 越接近2ab U 二、多项选择题（共5小题，每小题5分，共25分；在每小题给出的四个选项中有多个选项正确，选对但不全得3分，有错或不答得0分）6．有两个相同材料制成的导体，两导体为上、下面为正方形的柱体，柱体高均为h ，大柱体柱截面边长为a ，小柱体柱截面边长为b ，现将大小柱体串联接在电压U 上，已知通过导体电流方向如图，大小为I ，则（ ）A ．导体电阻率为2hU Iρ= B ．导体电阻率为()Uha I a b ρ=+ C ．大柱体中自由电荷定向移动的速率小于小柱体中自由电荷定向移动的速率D ．大柱体中自由电荷定向移动的速率大于小柱体中自由电荷定向移动的速率7．用相同的灵敏电流计作表头改装成电流表A 和电压表V ，分别将其串联和并联在一起，然后接入电路中．通电后关于指针的偏角状况正确的是（ ）A ．图甲中电压表的指针偏角比电流表的大B ．图甲中电压表的指针偏角比电流表的小C ．图乙中电压表的指针偏角比电流表的大D ．图乙中电压表的指针偏角比电流表的小8．两个等量同种正电荷固定于光滑水平面上，其连线中垂线上有A、B、C三点，如图甲所示．一个带电荷量为2×10﹣5C、质量为1g的小物块在水平面上从C点由静止释放，其运动的v﹣t图象如图乙所示，其中B点处为整条图线切线斜率最大的位置（图中标出了该切线）。

山东省实验中学西校2023-2024学年高二上学期12月阶段性学情质量监测英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择Europe’s Most Scenic Train Journeys△Rauma Line, NorwayRoute: Dombas to AndalsnesDistance and duration: 70 miles (114km) , 1. 5 hoursBest time to ride: June to AugustEnjoy breathtaking views of high peaks. Crossing the tall Kylling Bridge is one of the most exciting parts of the trip with the driver allowing a short stop to take photos. The train then winds its way through the Reinheimen National Park.△Bergen Railway, NorwayRoute: Oslo to BergenDistance and duration: 342 miles (550km) , 7 hoursBest time to ride: July or November to JanuaryNorway’s awe-inspiring Bergen Railway links two incredible cities as it rolls through mountain landscapes and across the beautiful Hardangervidda plateau (高原) to the country’s highest station, Finse at 4, 010 feet (1, 222m), only accessible by train. Don’t miss learning more about this great work of engineering at the Flam Railway Museum.△West Highland Line, ScotlandRoute: Fort William to MallaigDistance and duration: 41 miles (67km) , 1. 5 hoursBest time to ride: June to AugustThe West Highland Line in Scotland is certainly one scenic journey, with rocky highlands and flashes of coastline, Ben Nevis (Britain’s highest mountain) and beautiful views from the viaduct (高架桥) at Glenfinnan. The route and steam (蒸汽) train are so easy on the eye that they crop up as the Hogwarts Express in the Harry Potter films. Don’t miss trying seafood in Mallaig.△Bernina Express, Switzerland and ItalyRoute: Chur to TiranoDistance and duration: 76 miles (123km) , 4 hoursBest time to ride: AprilRelax behind windows and admire the attractive Alpine views that connect northern and southern Europe via the highest railway in the Alps.1．When is the best time to take the Rauma Line?A．In April.B．In May.C．In July.D．In December. 2．Which of the following is the longest train route?A．Dombas to Andalsnes.B．Fort William to Mallaig.C．Oslo to Bergen.D．Chur to Tirano.3．What can travelers do while taking the West Highland Line?A．View the harvest of the crops.B．Appreciate the real scene of a movie.C．Learn more about the steam engines.D．Enjoy the world's highest railway line.In February, Dr. Robert Lefkowitz published a memoir (回忆录) called A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Stockholm: The Adrenaline-Fueled Adventures of an Accidental Scientist. As a physician and biochemist, Lefkowitz is a professor of biochemistry and chemistry at the Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina.In a recent conversation via video, Lefkowitz said that he wanted his memoir to be “funny, interesting, and easy to understand”. In the book, Lefkowitz humorously describes his Journey from a cardiologist (or a heart doctor) to a biochemist.Lefkowitz’s dream of becoming a doctor began when he was eight years old and growing up in the Bronx of New York City. After his father died of a heart attack, Lefkowitz made up his mind to be a cardiologist. He earned his medical degree at Columbia University.Lefkowitz is no stranger to conducting experiments and making discoveries. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Brian Kobilka. The two scientists were honored for their discoveries that could help unlock the secrets of many diseases.When asked what played the most important role in his success, Lefkowitz mentioned about himself and he described himself as “reasonably intelligent and creative, hardworking, and not easily disturbed”. He added that being funny could also be very good for you and the people around you.Before winning the Nobel Prize, Lefkowitz did countless experiments, and only 1 out of 50 turned out OK. “With difficult decisions I’ve had to make, I tend to make them with myheart rather than my head.” Lefkowitz said. “However, I don’t mean that deciding with your heart is always right.”At age 78, the scientist has no plans for slowing down. “My body and mind are still working,” he said. “I want to continue running my lab at Duke University and writing and publishing research papers.”4．What directly motivated Lefkowitz to be a doctor?A．His conversation with a cardiologist.B．His father’s death from a heart attack.C．His enthusiasm for a doctor’s memoir.D．His poor physical health in childhood.5．Which of the following can best replace the underlined words in Paragraph 4?A．has an interest in.B．falls in love with.C．shows a gift for.D．is acquainted with.6．What is the key to Lefkowitz’s success in his own opinion?A．His good teamwork.B．His family’s support.C．His positive qualities.D．His interest in research.7．Which of the following can best describe Lefkowitz according to the last paragraph?A．Practice makes perfect.B．Bad luck brings good luck.C．Experience is the best teacher.D．You are never too old to work.LONDON—A smart toilet could offer a mini health check every time you take a seat, scientists said recently, but privacy campaigners and potential users said the idea sat uncomfortably with them.The device would identify users through an anal(肛门) scan using a camera fitted under the seat before checking their waste for disease markers, including early signs of cancer, says the US-led team who developed the prototype(原型).“We know it seems strange, but as it turns out, your anal print is unique,” said Sanjiv Gambhir, a radiology professor at Stanford University, who led work on the project. “The smart toilet is the perfect way to make use of a source of data that’s typically ignored,” Gambhir said. “Everyone uses the bathroom—there’s really no avoiding it—and that enhances its value as a disease-detecting device.”A set of devices fitted inside the toilet bowl identifies the users and monitors their wastefor signs of ill health which could be shared with their doctors, researchers said in the scientific journal Nature Biomedical Engineering. Such devices could become common place in homes, said Gambhir, as consumers accept health monitoring tools like smartwatches and internet-connected home devices. But many were concerned about releasing their privacy, the researchers found following a 300-person survey to assess acceptance. Three in ten respondents said they would not want to use a smart toilet, with only about half reporting they would be “somewhat” or “very” comfortable with it. The most commonly reported concerns were over privacy and data security, found researchers, who said information gathered would be stored in a secure, cloud-based system.Despite those assurances, privacy campaigners expressed fears about security problems. “Health data contains the most sensitive and revealing information about anyone,” said Edin Omanovic, advocacy director at London-based charity Privacy International. “Linking it to someone’s biometric ID risks exposing private details to third parties, either through data sharing or security drawbacks which leave back doors exposed.”8．What does this smart toilet use to detect disease?A．A smartwatch.B．A seat.C．A cloud-based system.D．A camera.9．What can we know about the disease-detecting devices?A．They are widely accepted.B．Gamhhir has confidence in their future.C．Their function has been improved recently.D．Signs of illness can he removed through them.10．What can we infer about health data from the last paragraph?A．It needn’t be taken seriously.B．It will be treated properly.C．It may not be shared publicly.D．It can be exposed illegally. 11．Which of the following could he the best title for the text?A．The use of a smart toilet B．The value of a smart toiletC．A smart toilet without privacy D．A smart toilet with good intentionThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups asextremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.12．What does the author say about silence in conversations?A．It implies anger.B．It promotes friendship.C．It is culture-specific.D．It is content-based.13．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A．The Chinese.B．The French.C．The Mexicans.D．The Russians.14．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.B．Break it while treating patients.C．Evaluate its harm to patients.D．Make use of its healing effects.15．What may be the best title for the text?A．Sound and SilenceB．What It Means to Be SilentC．Silence to Native AmericansD．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is GoldModern communication technology is bringing the world closer every day to overcome cultural differences.Today,many of us plan to travel to a different country for study or business. 16Here are a couple of tips on how to help bridge the gap between cultures.Read up on the culture we'll be encounteringEvery country in the world,old or new, has a rich and storied history.They celebrate their own holidays,cook national dishes,listen to their own styles of music and wear clothes appropriate for their culture. 17 Not only will it be personally enriching,but it will also give us a way to connect with the local people.Learn the language18 Well,the fact that almost everyone can already speak English makes learninga foreign language all the more impressive. Even if we can only speak a few key phrases, it shows that we’re making the effort to bridge the cultural gap.Be patientUnfortunately,no matter how much we research a country or how well we know the language, there will always be some culture shock and confusion.Words, actions or gestures that are not offensive to us can be very offensive to someone from another culture,and vice versa (反之亦然).19Keep an open mindWhen I learn a new language,or study the history of a culture I’m unfamiliar with, I think of it as exploring a new world.There are so many things that make each culture unique.20Always try to think about how they see things from their cultural perspective(视觉);doing so will give us a better understanding of their corner of the world.A．Why should we make the effort to bridge the gap?B．We have to be open to trying and learning new things.C．Why spend more time learning a whole new language?D．When this happens,it is important to stay patient and be accepting.E．Showing off our knowledge of the local customs will make us popular.F．Take time to Google the history and customs of the country we'll be visiting.G．Thus,we must always be prepared to encounter and overcome cultural differences.二、完形填空Hunter Shamatt lost his wallet while he was on a flight from Omaha to Denver earlierdidn’t sign his 33 on the letter, but Jeannie later insisted on 34 him on social media. Jeannie wrote on Facebook, “This story is more about rebuilding 35 in people than anything.”21．A．ordered B．blamed C．checked D．contacted 22．A．Though B．Since C．While D．Unless 23．A．amused B．anxious C．shocked D．frustrated 24．A．along with B．apart from C．except for D．instead of 25．A．search B．completeness C．return D．value 26．A．sender B．wallet C．letter D．package 27．A．sent B．accepted C．taken D．collected 28．A．qualified B．identified C．considered D．introduced 29．A．noticed B．doubted C．figured D．grasped 30．A．stressful B．thankful C．thoughtful D．regretful 31．A．timing B．behavior C．number D．paycheck 32．A．remembered B．admitted C．imagined D．assumed 33．A．address B．full name C．mark D．phone number 34．A．praising B．questioning C．disturbing D．comforting 35．A．ambition B．appreciation C．strength D．faith三、语法填空语法填空There were two theories 36 (suggest) how cholera spread. John Snow got interested in the second one. With the help of the map he made, he finally confirmed that the water was 37 (blame). Thanks to the work of John Snow, the threat of cholera around the world decreased 38 this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.语法填空Six months ago, Xie lei said good bye to her family. It was the first time that she 39 (leave) China. She came to her university on 40 year-long exchanging program. Now she is studying for a business 41 (qualify). We wish her all the best.语法填空Yuan Longping, was one of China’s most famous scientists. 42 concerned him most was the farmers who had poor harvests and sometimes had a serious 43 (short) of food to eat. Yuan was convinced that the creation of hybrid rice would solve the issue. A hybrid is a cross between two or more 44 (variety) of a species. Thanks to him, the hybrid enables farmers to expand farmer’s output 45 (great).四、单词拼写occupation. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)47．The c way of farming has been challenged by modern technology. （根据首字母填空）48．I have got a (生动的) memories of my happy childhood. (根据汉语意思单词拼写)49．Police have arrested a (嫌疑犯) in a series of killings in the city. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)50．All the scientists present at the forum s to the view that global warming was mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels. (根据首字母单词拼写)51．He will read for pleasure during the l time. （根据首字母填空）52．The man (回忆) the time when he suffered from a severe disease. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)53．He was determined to make his dream become a (现实，事实). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)54．Valentino, a designer, is keen to see (名人) wearing his clothes on big occasions. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)55．She really didn’t want to be i in their quarrel, for she thought it was none of her business. (根据首字母单词拼写)五、书面表达56．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

2023-2024学年山西省实验中学高二上学期期中英语试题The exhibitions of the Polk Museum of Art at Florida Southern College TranscendenceJanuary 8, 2023 — February 13, 2023This exhibition features artworks by students from Polk County School District high schools. The museum hosts several exhibitions per year in the George Jenkins Student Gallery that feature artworks by Polk County School District students.Finding Meaning WithinJanuary 30, 2023 — February 24, 2023Gallery II of the Polk Museum of Art at Florida Southern College presents an original, extraordinary exhibition, showcasing John Pinderhughes broad eye and his ability to find meaning and value in everything — and every person — he photographs.When We Were YoungJanuary 13, 2023 — April 6, 2023When We Were Young in the Dorothy Jenkins Gallery focuses on two of the most timeless ideas in art — children and animals — both popular subjects of art history for as long as art has been produced. The ex hibition features nearly the entire art collection of the Golisano Children’s Museum of Naples.Material World: A Global Family PortraitJune 25, 2023 — October 30, 2023This exhibition in the Selma & J.B. Marks Gallery is the result of American photojournalist Peter Menzel’s project to help viewers grasp a sense of cross-culture realities and to celebrate our common humanity. Sixteen of the world’s foremost photographers traveled around the world, visiting thirty different countries to live for a week with families that are statistically average for that nation.1. Which of the following exhibitions shows Pinderhughes’ artwork?A．Transcendence.B．Finding Meaning Within.C．When We Were Young.D．Material World: A Global Family Portrait.2. When can you see the exhibition exploring the theme of children and animals?A．On January 8, 2023.B．On October 30, 2023.C．On June 25, 2023.D．On April 6, 2023.3. Where can you view the photos about the common humanity of the people?A．Gallery II.B．The Dorothy Jenkins Gallery.C．The Selma & J.B. Marks Gallery.D．The George Jenkins Student Gallery.There once lived a woman who had been blind for decades. Then one day, she found a doctor who treated the woman with a new device she had invented called the Laserphaco Probe. For the first time in over 30 years, the woman could regain her eyesight. The doctor responsible for this life-changing surgery was called Dr. Patricia E. Bath.Dr. Bath was an American ophthalmologist (眼科医生), researcher, and an advocate for the prevention, treatment, and cure of blindness. She had an interest in science and medicine from a young age, which she said was first evoked by a chemistry kit her mother had bought for her when she was young.During a fellowship at Columbia University, Dr. Bath realized that African Americans were twice as likely to suffer from blindness than other patients she attended to. This observation led to her development of a community ophthalmology system, which increased the amount of eye care given to underserved communities. This allowed thousands of people to get early preventative care for conditions that would have otherwise been untreated, saving the eyesight of many.Dr. Bath also invented a new technique to remove cataracts (白内障) by the Laserphaco Probe. This technique is still used around the world, and it has allowed doctors to restore patients eyesight in a more precise, and less painful manner than techniques before it.Cataracts develop as people age. They form when the proteins in the lens (晶状体) of the eye break down, making the lens cloudy. This can significantly affect vision. Traditional cataract surgery involved removing the cloudy lens of the eye and replacing it with an artificial lens. However, this surgery was not always successful, and could be quite painful. Dr. Bath succeeded in solving the problem.Dr. Bath made innovative contributions to the field of medicine which had long-lasting impacts on the communities she served.4. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “evoked” in paragraph 2?A．Displayed. B．Decreased. C．Stimulated. D．Maintained.5. Why did Dr. Bath create a community ophthalmology system?A．To offer eye care treatment to the poor.B．To help the blind regain their eyesight.C．To provide eye surgery for African Americans.D．To give real care to blind people.6. What can we say about Dr. Bath’s device?A．It prevents proteins in the lens breaking down.B．It needs to be advertised around the world.C．It helps patients avoid getting cataracts.D．It makes cataract surgery better than before.7. What would be the main idea for the text?A．A woman improved vision for millions.B．An inventor changed the face of science.C．A doctor had various medical skills.D．A researcher advocated the well-being of the poor.Use food to ease your moods? The time of meals may have an impact on moods, including levels of depression and anxiety, according to researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital.To conduct the study, 19 participants (12 men and 7 women) were arranged to experience a Forced Process in a dark room for four 28-hour “days”. Participants were assigned to one of two meal timing groups: the Daytime and Nighttime Meal Control Group, which had meals according to a 28-hour cycle (resulting in eating both during the night and day, which is typical among night workers), and the Daytime Only Meal Group, which had meals on a 24-hour cycle (resulting in eating only during the day). The team then assessed depression and anxiety like mood levels every hour.The result showed that meal timing significantly affected the participants’ mood levels. During the simulated (模拟的) night shift (day 4), those in the Daytime and Nighttime Meal Control Group had increased depression and anxiety like mood levels, compared to the baseline (day 1). In contrast, there were no changes in mood in the Daytime Only Meal Group. Participants with a greater degree of circadian (昼夜节律的) disorder experienced more depression and anxiety like moods.Researchers discovered that among individuals in the daytime and nighttime eating groups, anxiety and depression rose by 16% and 26% individually. A famous author Sarah Chellappa, who completed work on this project, said, “Meal timing is emerging as an important aspect of nutrition that may influence physical health, but the causal role of the timing of food intake in affecting mental health remains to be tested. Future studies are required to establish if changes in meal timing can lead individuals to experience anxiety-related disorders.”The findings open the door for studying a behavioral strategy that might benefit individuals suffering from mental health disorders, such as shift workers. The study also adds to a growing body of evidence finding that strategies that improve sleep and circadian patterns may help promote mental health.8. How is the study carried out according to the text?A．By presenting cause and effect.B．By examining the participants’ eating habits.C．By recording the eating time in various groups.D．By comparing data from two different groups.9. Which of the following will the researchers probably agree with?A．Daytime eating might benefit mental health.B．It’s unavoidable for people to eat at the wrong time.C．Nighttime meal is harmful and should be prohibited.D．It’s n ecessary to keep track of our mood levels each day.10. What does the follow-up test aim to find out according to Sarah Chellappa?A．How food intake affects human’s moods.B．Whether changes in meal timing cause emotional problems.C．Whether food nutrition is related to mental health.D．Why shift workers suffer from mental health disorders.11. What is the author’s attitude to the study?A．Concerned B．Approving C．Uncertain D．IndifferentLong before the term “snowboarding” existed — at least 80 years before it was an Olympic phenomenon — people were flying like surfers down snow-covered hills. The first known instance came in 1917, when 13-year-old Vern Wicklund stood on a sled (雪橇) that he rode down his parents’ backyard in Cloquet, Minnesota. W icklund patented the idea nearly two decades later but produced only a handful of models.The sport picked up speed in 1965, when Michigan’s Sherman Poppen created the Surfer by connecting two skis and adding a string at the front to control the direction. Poppen sold close to one million units by 1970. But the real breakthrough happened when Dimitrije Milovich, a Cornell University student, founded Winterstick, the first modern snowboard company, in 1972. With steel edges, solid fiberglass and, most crucia lly, two belts for one’s feet, Winterstick’s boards allowed riders to fly through more complex topography (地形) than previous riders could do.Snowboarding went mainstream soon thereafter due to the competition between Jake Burton Carpenter and Tom Sims. Sims, a New Jersey-raised professional skateboarder who was more interested in aerial stunts (空中特技) than in how fast he could slide, founded SIMS Snowboarding in 1976. Carpenter, a race enthusiast from Long Island who was credited with coining “snowboarding”, created Burton Snowboards one year later.In the 1980s, most North American ski resorts (滑雪场) banned snowboarding, citing insurance liability and the rudeness of too many riders. However, the sport was more accepted in Europe, particularly in France. By the 1990s, though, almost every resort in North America allowed riding. The appearance of the Pipe Dragon, a machine to cut half-pipes through snow, enabled new aerial stunts, and when snowboarding appeared at the 1998 Olympics, the half-pipe was the sport’s biggest draw.12. What contributions did Milovich make?A．He created a variety of aerial stunts. B．He did a lot to improve snowboards.C．He invented the word “snowboarding”.D．He popularized snowboarding in France.13. How did Sims differ from Carpenter?A．Sims preferred skills to speed.B．Sims had his own skateboard company.C．Sims participated in more competitions.D．Sims did better in flying through complex topography.14. What can be learned about the half-pipe?A．It appeared after the 1998 Olympics. B．It was banned in most European skiresorts.C．It made snowboarding an appealing sport. D．It could produce incredible amounts of snow.15. What would be the best title for the text?A．Vern Wicklund and his patent B．A brief history of snowboardingC．Snowboarding and the Olympics D．A newborn sport in North AmericaFabiano Caruana is a very famous chess player. 16 . He credits his success to strict training rules and a strong work ethic (职业道德). Now he’s got a few lessons to share.Practice makes perfectCaruana’s parents signed him up for a chess club in Brooklyn, when he was five. After his coach noticed his potential, he began taking private lessons and competing in tournaments in Manhattan. He says, “ 17 . For example, you can learn how to play in front of people and assess your opponent sitting in front of you, which you can’t do online.”18Before every match, Caruana studies the way his opponents play. For help, he works with a chess coach, who often offers “a different view on how to approach a problem, which is really valuable.” Caruana also relies on a coach for emotional support during tournaments. “You want a coach that you click with,” he says, explaining that “it’s hard to talk about a tough chess game with friends, because they may not understand the game at such a high level, and they may not understand how tough it is for me emotionally. 19 .”Reframe your perspectiveAccording to Caruana, the difference between the very top players in the world and everyone else doesn’t come down to ability or knowledge. “ 20 ,” he says. “It’s having the ability and the energy to focus for a long period of time.” Although playing in front of an audience doesn’t bother him, Caruana says that developing a winning mindset is key, especially after facing setbacks.Life brings several ups and downs but nothing lasts forever. Nothing _________ it better than the life of diving coach Cliff Devries. Life had been _________ to him but his will led the way to making him one of the most inspirational persons in the world.Devries built the dream of becoming a swimmer. His remarkable talent _________ could allow him to realize it. However, life was not just roses and he _________ to have one of the most painful experiences of his life. In his early youth, he began to have shoulder abnormalities and then felt_________.Due to his failing _________, his performance in training worsened. Devries turned to medical help, and the report stated Devries had a big tumor (肿瘤) in his spine (脊柱) and the doctors said he wouldn’t _________ it. Devries said, “All my plans of a future, a family and everything were_________.” After a surgery in New York, Devries even had trouble in moving a finger. However, every bad period comes to a(n) _________. Devries pulled through with his will to__________. He sought __________, exercise and all he needed to back up his feet. Soon, he was able to start standing and eventually walked. After many __________, he became a swimming coach at Rochester Institute of Technology. He __________ milestones in his career as a coach and director of swimming.On his 46th birthday, Devries went up the diving board and dived into the __________ he’d been waiting for all his life. The semi-paralysis (半瘫痪) that remains couldn’t __________ Devries making a dive. He uses his determination to rewrite his story.21.A．explains B．identifies C．introduces D．operates22.A．worthwhile B．cruel C．easy D．distinct23.A．undoubtedly B．correctly C．intensely D．narrowly24.A．tried B．continued C．started D．guaranteed25.A．embarrassment B．weakness C．kindness D．rejection26.A．courage B．motion C．spirits D．health27.A．make B．mention C．deserve D．take28.A．paid off B．wiped away C．turned down D．given away29.A．decision B．conclusion C．end D．point30.A．live B．calm C．quit D．judge31.A．blessing B．support C．treatment D．self-belief32.A．cases B．experiences C．delights D．trials33.A．designed B．achieved C．admired D．built34.A．position B．site C．moment D．water35.A．remain B．delay C．leave D．prevent阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2024年山西省太原市物理高二上学期测试试卷与参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题有7小题，每小题4分，共28分）1、下列关于重力的说法中正确的是( )A.物体所受重力的方向总是竖直向下的B.重力是物体本身的固有属性C.重力的大小可以用弹簧秤或天平直接测出D.物体的重心一定在物体上答案：A解析：A选项，重力的方向总是竖直向下的，这是重力的基本性质之一，故A正确。

B选项，重力并不是物体本身的固有属性，它是由于地球对物体的吸引而产生的，与物体在地球上的位置有关，故B错误。

C选项，重力的大小可以用弹簧秤直接测出，因为弹簧秤的工作原理就是根据物体在重力作用下的形变来测量力的大小。

但天平是用来测量物体质量的工具，不是直接测量重力的，故C错误。

D选项，物体的重心是物体所受重力的等效作用点，但重心不一定在物体上，比如均匀圆环的重心就在圆环的圆心上，而圆环的圆心显然不在圆环上，故D错误。

2、下列关于惯性的说法中正确的是( )A.高速行驶的列车不易停下，说明速度越大惯性越大B.静止的火车启动时，速度变化慢，是因为静止的物体惯性大的缘故C.乒乓球可以快速抽杀，是因为乒乓球的惯性小D.在宇宙飞船中的物体不存在惯性答案：C解析：A选项，惯性是物体的固有属性，它指的是物体能够保持原来的运动状态的一种性质，惯性大小只与物体的质量有关，质量越大，惯性越大，与物体的速度无关，故A错误。

B选项，静止的火车启动时，速度变化慢，是因为火车的质量大，惯性大，而不是因为静止的物体惯性大，惯性大小与物体的运动状态无关，故B错误。

C选项，乒乓球可以快速抽杀，是因为乒乓球的质量小，惯性小，容易改变其运动状态，故C正确。

D选项，惯性是物体的固有属性，一切物体在任何情况下都有惯性，故D错误。

3、下列说法正确的是( )A.只有体积很小的物体才可以看成质点，体积大的物体一定不可以看成质点B.物体沿直线向某一方向运动时，通过的路程就是位移C.速度越大，加速度一定越大D.速度变化越快，加速度一定越大答案：D解析：A选项，物体能否看成质点，不是看物体的大小，而是看物体的大小和形状在所研究的问题中能否忽略。