Key to the Exercises 3.15) out of sight16) in this instance17) to think well/ill of sb18) to confront sb with sth19) to lag behind20) to confer sth on sb21) for my money22) to be too much for sb23) to make for24) to set out to do sth25) few and far between26) to aspire to27) at the best of times28) all over again29) to do away with30) to stand to lose4.Increase your vacabulary with the help of the rules of word-building 1) Find the most useful derivativesof the following.satisfy: satisfied, satisfying, satisfactory, satisfaction, unsatisfied, dissatisfiedresist: resistance, resistant, irresistiblejust: unjust, justice, injustice, justify, justified, justification, justifiable cohere: coherent, coherence, incoherent, incoherencecenter ( v): center (n. ), central, centralize, centralization,decentralize, decentralizationvisit: visitor, visitation, revisit (The following words are also related to visit: visible,invisible, visibility, vision, visual, television, supervise)integrate: integration, integrated, integral, disintegrate, disintegration, integrityMore Work on theTextVocabulary1.1) into Chinese.1) into Chinese.(1)浴巾(2) (美)小学(3)永恒的真理(4)文件柜(5)纯属无稽之谈(6)违规行为(7)常客(8)新鲜空气(9)格调很高的独自(一个人唱高调)(10)一种固定的观点(11)时事(当前国内外大事)(12)身体障碍(13)可怕吓人的风(14)令人厌恶的景象(15)言语障碍(16)使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情(17)无情的人侵者(18)首相(19)国际联盟(国联)(20)思维过程(思想方式)(21)条理清楚的文章(22)一个完整的体系(23)一位口译好手(24)一种不可阻挡的趋向(25)烂苹果(26)根据事实(启示〉写成的(27)一位点头之交2) into English.(1) to sink one's head(2) to sink the ship(3) to contemplate the meaning of life(4) to catch the light(5) to ruin one's health(6) to ruin the country(7) to bang the desk(8) to playa prominent role(9) to hold a prominent position(10) a pious Buddhist(11) to gain a reputation(12) to satisfy one's ego(13) to give sb the third degree(14) to devise a teaching method(15) to slide a gun into sb's hand2.1) Synonyms.(1) to spring (to jump, to leap)(2) lest (for fear that)(3) utterly (completely)(4) to symbolize (to represent)(5) to sink one's head (to lower ... )(6) to contemplate (to think/ponder)(7) spectacles (glasses)(8) impediment (barrier, obstacle)(9) to collapse (to fall/to tumble down)(10) to ruin (to destroy)(11) to vanish (to disappear)(12) oddly (strangely)(13) to aspire to (to desire/to aim for)(14) to do away with (to eliminate)(15) to stop/give up (smoking) (to quit)(16) deficiency (weakness, fault, shortcoming)(17) folly (stupidity)2) Antonyms.(1) coherent (incoherent)(2) mental (physical)(3) disinterested (interested)(4) hideous (pleasant)(5) settled (unsettled)(6) frequent (infrequent)(7) integration (disintegration)(8) proficient (incompetent)(9) to destroy (to create)(10) to surpass (to lag behind)(11) remorseless (remorseful)(12) to vanish (to appear)(13) accustomed (unaccustomed)(14) irreverent (reverent)(15) few and far between (many, innumerable, countless, numerous) (6) loyalty (disloyalty)(17) contented (discontented)(18) pre-war (post-war)(19) prominent (unimportant)3. Translate1) I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2) As a general rule, young people tend to be more interested in the present and the future.3) Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4) It is our hope to integrate all the courses and teaching materials.5) The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6) In traditional Chinese art, thebamboo stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7) The great majority of the people stand for reform.8) Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9) The truth is always in the hands of a small minority at first. That's the rule.10) Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority's right to disagree is also respected. These two basic rules are of equal importance.11) A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.13) The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.14) The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river. 15) One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.16) The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.17) The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.18) The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.19) Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.20) He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.21) Her health was such that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she got sunstroke. 4.1)c.2) A.3) D.4) A.5) B.6) B.7) C.8) B.9) A.10) C.11)D12) A.13) A.14) B.5.1) (1) sexy (2) sexual (3) sexy (4) sexist (5) sexual2) (1) uninterested (2) disinterested(3) disinterested (4) disinterested, uninterested3) (1) Literary (2) literally (3) literate(4) literal (5) literary4) (1) bulging (2) sticking out of (3) bulging (4) bulging (5) sticking out of ( 6) protruding, protruding5) (1) slid (2) slip (3) slipped (4) sliding (5) slip6) (1) prestige (2) reputation (3) reputation (4) prestige61) decisive2) sang beautifully3) robust4) soft5) democratic6) eloquent7) have lost his appetite.8) The slice of meat was so thickthat it was quite (transparent). 9) His room was surprisingly cleanand tidy. It was almost as cleanas (pigsty).10) Many people are just as originalas (parrots).7(1) their(2) even(3) reason(4) disagree(5) to express(6) thinking(7) for(8) dealing with(9) Staying(10) hungry(11) gains(12) born of(13) can(14) superficial(15) whenIII Grammar11) Point out the parallel construction and its grammatical form in each of these sentences.(1) not by thought; by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck-twoprepositional phrases (contrast)(2) unconscious prejudice; 19norance; hypocrisy-three noun phrases (listing) (3) as proficient as most businessmen's golf; as honest as most politicians' intentions; as coherent as most books that get written-three comparative adjective phrases (listing)(4) all shouting the same thing; all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudicestwo absolute constructions (listing)(5) watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King; asking myself what all the fuss was about-two present participle phrases (as object complements, listing)(6) prejudices are called loyalties; pointless actions are turned into customs by repetition- two clauses(listing)(7) three coordinate clauses (listing)(8) to appreciate little that which we have; to long for that which we have not-two infinitive phrases as subject (contrast)(9) to be; not to be-two infinitive phrases as subject (choice)(10) give me liberty; give me death-two imperative clauses (choice)(11) is written without effort; is read without pleasure-two passive verb phrases (contrast)(12) you can fool all of the people some of the time and some of the people all of the time; you can't fool all of the people all of the time-two coordinate clauses connected by "but" (series plus contrast)The first clause itself contains two parallel constructions-all of the people some time; some of the people all of the time-connected by "and" (choice) 2) Study and point out the function of the italicized part of these sentences.(1) adjective phrase as subject complement(2) deaf: adjective forming a complement to "someone" with "born"bitterly determined to find out about sound: adjective phrase as complement to "someone"(3) adjective phrase as subject complement(4) adjective phrase as attributive modifying "good life" (an adjectivephrase modifying a noun should be placed after the noun)(5) adjective phrase as subject complement21) Thomas Edison says that genius is one percent inspiration andninety-nine percent perspiration. 2) Suzhou is known for its canals, gardens and tree-lined streets.3) The morning was dark, cold with a little snow in the air.4) The unemployed man wanted a job rather than welfare.Or: The unemployed man wanted to find a job rather than to apply for welfare.5) Crawling down a mountain issometimes harder than climbing up.6) The essay is difficult to understand not because there are a lot of technical terms but because there are quite a few involved sentences. Or: The essay is difficult to understand not because of the technical terms 10 it but because of the involved sentences.7) For further information, you can either consult an encyclopaedia or surf the Internet.8) Not only China but also the rest of the world will benefit from her WTO entry. It is a win-win event.Or: As a win-win event, China's WTO entry will be of benefit to both China and the rest of the world.9) The job of the university is not only making specialists of itsstudents but also helping them become civilized citizens.Or: The job of the university is both to make specialists of its students and to help them become civilized citizens.10) Going to classes, doing his homework and reading occupy most of his waking hours at college.31) 20 years later he returned as poor as when he had left.2) He arrived home from acoast-to-coast journey a bag of bones.3) The girl stared at her parents, puzzled, troubled and annoyed.4) The proposal was dismissed asimpractical and unfeasible.5) Just some twenty feet away, crouched the wolf, ready to jump on the boy at any moment.6) The audience sat open-mouthed, watching the conjurers performing all sorts of tricks.7) The detective was lying awake in bed, thinking how they could capture the wanted man alive.8) The talk show host was pleased that he had passed through the crowd unrecognized.9) Sincere, compassionate, forgiving, Linda is the soul of the true, the good and the beautiful.10) Diogenes was lying in the sunshine, shoeless, bearded, and half-naked, but contented and happy.41) You can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.Or: You can force a student to attend classes, but not to think.2) The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.3) You can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.4) In the Middle Ages, people believed that the eatth was flat and that it was the center of the universe.5) I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.6) Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get a job first. 7) Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.8) Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change.9) Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs. 10) In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income.51) looks, being complimented, will say, has come, felt, was, was always looking for, to hurt, was called, believed, heard, would come, take, replace, might/would happen, to make, would/might get, to fool, would say.2) became, should be removed, (I) 've learned, wouldn't really want, is, provides, isn't, dies, crashes, will lay, have been lying, find, rotting, sprout, goes on.61) C.2) D.3) B.4) D.5) A.6) C.7) B.8) A.9) C.10) B. 1l)C.12) D.13) A.14) B.15) D.16) A.Translate 1) into Chinese (1) 专业的历史工作者 (2) 基于常识的反应 (3) 事物的这种状况 (4) 意见不一的历史学家 (5) 已经准备好了的现成的东西 (6) 一个个人喜好不同的问题 (7) 截然不同的观点 (8) 民间故事 (9) 书面文件 (10) 过去的遗留物 (11) 人的动机和行为 (12) 复杂和精细 (13) 商船 (14) 一旦发生潜艇战 (15) 一个粗糙的理论 (16) 好战的行为；战争行为 (17) 宣传机器 (18) 德国外交部长 (19) 实力平衡 (20) （事物的）因果 (21) 海岸炮兵 (22) 终极关怀 (23) （事物的）近因 (24) 人们常说的一句话 (25) 不会出错的解释 (26) 绝对有效的模式 (27) 永不停止的探索 (28) 一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标 1. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following. 1) synonyms(1) elusive : puzzling, baffling(2) intriguing: fascinating(3) evident: clear, plain, obvious, noticeable(4) ultimate: final, last(5) to revise: to correct, to change, to alter, to modify, to rewrite(6) to probe: to dig into, to investigate, to look into(7) belligerent: warlike, warring, aggressive, hostile(8) in addition to: besides, apart from, plus2）into English (1) to gain new insights (2) to revise one ’s ideas (3) to trace the cause (4) to begin from this premise (5) to open fire on/at (6) to give equal weight to sth (7) to support a certain view (8) to influence the government (9) to destroy the balance of power (10) to form an alliance (11) to repay the loans (12) to contemplate war (13) to fill in the gaps (14) to conclude the quest (15) to view sth from a certain perspective (16) to benefit from the comparison (17) to eliminate from the comparison (18) to dig into the problem (19) to be immersed in a vast sea (20) to stem from a different point of view (21) to be destined to do sth (22) to ignore the fact (23) to make an assumption (24) to defeat the enemy (25) to win back one ’s lost territory (26) to sink a boat (27) to intercept the secret message (28) to piece together evidence (29) to approximate the truth (30) to master new techniques(9)in the event of: in the case of, should sth occur(10)nonetheless: nevertheless, in spite of that, just the same(11)to conclude ( the quest) : to end (the search / probing)(12)to denote: to refer to(13)persuasively: convincingly(14)more or less: on the whole, generally speaking(15)moreover: in addition, besides, apart from that, what’s more(16)by way of: through2)antonyms(1)to be faulted: to be praised(2)exhilarating: depressing(3)unquestioned: doubtful(4)validity: unsoundness, weakness(5)premise: conclusion(6)motivation: effect(7)proportionate: disproportionate(8)pro-British: anti-British(9)to take into account: to ignore(10)crude (theory): a well-developed (theory), a sophisticated (theory)(11)confused: clear, clear-minded(12)professional: non-professional, amateurish2.Replace the words in bold type with words and phrases you know that convey more or less thesame meaning.1)simple/primitive; told; thick2)pondering/thinking about; future/fate; insignificant3)completely/entirely; different/opposite4)consider/regard; look at; angles/points of view5)knows very well; growing/increasing; complaints6)besides/apart from; easy; in the case of/if there is7)purposely paid no attention to8)generally/on the whole; however/but; come from/originate from9)absolutely reliable; wipe out/get rid of; bound to3.Translate1)The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2)The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3)He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4)The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5)What do you think caused the upsurge in international terrorism?6)We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7)There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8)Some people are always opposed to new things.9) A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to thefinancial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10)The Business Bank now offers a special loan to students who can’t pay for theireducation.11)The boy asked Mrs. Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12)She concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day andsee more of the country.13)As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14)During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15)Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16)She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17)I’d like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way ofan introduction to the movie.18)They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.4.Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1)while/although; to2)over/about; with3)to; in4)led to/resulted in/caused5)with; lends/gives/brings6)from; in7)as to; of8)in the even of; survive9)to; to; study10)out; in11)in; weight/priority12)denote; of13)immersed/buried; more or less14)rather; the more15)at; stems from/comes from/originates from/results from16)base; filled inKey to Exercise of Unit FourP.107 ex.39. to put back one’s head10.to put down a drink11. in case12.to squint at sth. Out of the corner of one’s eye13. to stand next to sth.14. to be lost in the contemplation of sth.15. to feel like sth.16. with---and all17. round the corner18.by this/that time19. to start off20. to walk abreast21. to be at one’s ease22. to weave sb. In23. to save sb. From24. to talk one’s heart to sb.25. not for all the money in the world26.to knock sb. Down27. to say sth. In a strained voice28.to get beyond sb.29. for God’s sake30. to do sth. By accidentP.108.5 March the words or expressions inthe two columns that have similar meanings.A. 1=B. 4 A. 2=B. 6A. 3=B. 8 A. 4 =B. 10 A.A. 5=B. 12 A. 6=B. 11A.7=B. 15 A. 8=B.17A.9=B. 16 A.10 =B. 1A.11=B. 3 A.12=B. 7A.13=B. 18 A.14=B. 20A.15=B. 5 A. 16=B. 14A.17.=B. 9 A.18=B. 2A.19=B. 13 A.20 =B. 196. Give the equivalent of the following in British English.1. lift2.flat3. lorry4. autumn5.trousers6. term7. film8. cinema9. motorbike 10. sweet 11. cock 12. toilet 13. pavement 14. clever 15. cheque 16. boot 17. railway 18. undergroundP.113 More Work on the Test1.T ranslate1.)Into Chinese1.难以解决的问题2.一本难以看懂的书3.一个爱交际的女人4.黑市5.黑色幽默6.害群之马7.黑人权利8.缺少表达能力的人9.全国性运动10.赞扬或恭维的话11.调皮的男孩12.某些大人物们13.种族隔离的学校14.他的无可争议的权威15.一个地位很高的人士16.公海17.上流社会18.机密消息19.冷淡而缺少人情味的门20.冷淡的公文式的信21.真诚的羡慕22.不自然的，紧张的说话的声音2）Into English1. to celebrate the Golden Jubilee2. to excite admiration3. to touch the conscience4. to win the prize5. to receive the reprimand6. to omit the words7. to renounce the prizes8. to avert a crisis9. to attend the ceremony10. to exhibit a works of art11. to indulge the pleasures12. to guard a child13. to feel up to it14. to bring sth. to a close15. to weave sb. in16. to save sb. from a situation17. to talk out one’s heart to sb.18. to knock sb. down19. to pour sb. a drink20. to raise (lift ) one’s glass二．Translate1.Import of the country’s beef wassuspended because of the mad cowscare.2.During the war, they had to suspendthe construction of the railway.2.it was a serious offence to take drugs, Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.3.She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.4.T he sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.5.T his is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.6.T he author is very good at creating suspense.7.H e used to watch wit great envy children of wealthy people go to school.8.I rather envy their school for its beautiful campus.9.S he averted her face so that people wouldnot see her blush.10.He has always had an aversion to publicity.11.The government’s policy succeeded in averting a serious economic recession. 12.Michael Jordan is the envy of many black kids.13.Every summer, hundreds of thousands of people are sent to guard the riverbanks against floods.14.it was not easy to get the golden apple, for it was guarded by a furious giant. 15.Xicheng was practically unguarded so Zhuge Liang narrowly escaped being captured.16.The prisoners of war killed the guards and escaped into the woods.17.He is probably the greatest guard in the history of basketball.18.They took Americans off guard by launching a sudden attack on a Sunday. 19.There were two armed soldiersstanding guard at the bridge.20.Napoleon exhibited his military talent early in life.21.These exhibits are all insured and carefully guarded.22.When the exhibition is over, the exhibit will be given to the host country as gifts.23.She is going to exhibit some of her most recent sculptures at the National Art Gallery.四．Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1. C2. A3. B4. A5. D6. B7. C 8. D 9. A五．Study the difference between the following pairs or groups of words1. 1) renounce 2) announce3) renounce 4)denounce2. 1) avoid , prevent 2) prevent3. 1) divided 2) segregated3)divided 4)separated4. 1) personage 2) person3) personality 4)person5. 1)complementary 2) complimentary 3) complimentary 4) compliment6. 1) secret 2) confidential3) secret 4) confidential, secret七．Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.1.sensible2. larger3. Unfortunately4. original5. receipt6. rejoin7. viciously 8. demanded 9. marched 10. assumed 11. cases 12. get away 13. protest 14. had spoken to15. couldn’t really have comfortedMore Work on the Text二．Complete the following sentences with the right form of theverb in the brackets.1.is2. are3. was4. frightens5. are6. is7. were all8. was9. knows10. are 11. are, am 12. is13. was 14. has 15. is, is三．Rewrite the sentences using the pattern shown in the example.1.It is now believed that foreign languageare most easily learnt by children under14.2.It is reported that the negotiationsbetween the two countries had made headway.3.It has been confirmed that a majorbreakthrough has been achieved in cancer research.4.It is strongly recommended that fishingin the lake be strictly forbidden during the spring season.5.It is agreed among the rival companiesthat joint efforts should be made toprevent the price of color TV from going through the floor.6.It shouldn’t be assumed that all ourproblems will be resolved overnight.7.It is generally assumed that depressionaffects a person’s health in many ways. 8.It was announced yesterday that a newtax law would be imposed beginning next year.9.In ancient times, it was believed that theheart , not the brain, was the center of thought.10.It is predicted (in a medical report) thenumber of AIDS victims in Asia will increase sharply in the next decade.四．Translate the sentences into English1.It’s widely rumored that Linda’s beingpromoted.2.It is estimated that the project will costRMB three billion.3.It is assumed that the Labor Party willremain in power.4.It was proposed a few years ago thatthe president be elected for one term only.5.It was announced that another bridgeacross the Yangtze would be built next year.6.it was believed even then that theabnormal state of affairs wouldn’t last long.二．Paying special attention to subject –verb agreement.1. The jury is having trouble reaching a verdict.2. Whenever either of us is in a tight corner, we always come to each other’s help.3. Statistics are facts obtained from analyzing information given in numbers.4. Statistics is a branch of mathematicsconcerned with the study of information expressed in numbers.5. Neither his friends and nor his father was admitted by Tsinghai University.6. Xiao Li is one of the best foot players at our university who have ever participated in intercollegiate championships.五．Put in appropriate connectives. 1.as, where, that/which, if/whether , but.if2.When, if, Then, that/which, than六．Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.1.B2. A3. A4. D5. C6. A7. D8.C9.C 1O.C 11. B 12.D 13. A 14. D 15.B 16 C。
