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名胜古迹与文化试题三（精选五篇）第一篇：名胜古迹与文化试题三单项选择题（每题2分，20分。
将正确答案的序号填在括号内。
每题只有1个正确答案，错选或多选均不得分。
）（总分20.00）1.（）由三组院落组成，主要建筑有天王殿、三世佛殿、卧佛殿。
（2.00分）A.卧佛寺B.大雁寺C.碧云寺D.香山寺2.（）是现存明长城中保存最好的一段。
（2.00分）A.居庸关B.八达岭C.峪口D.庸口3.（）是一处幽雅的庵堂，仅一层院落，创建年代不详，因座落在三山之间而得名。
（2.00分）A.香山寺B.三山庵C.碧云寺D.大雁寺4.下列哪座塔曾是孙中山的衣冠冢？（）A.大小雁塔B.青龙山四门塔C.嵩岳寺塔D.碧云寺金刚宝座塔（2.00分）5.中国帝王陵墓一般称为（）。
（2.00分）A.陵B.墓D.陵墓6.（）的名称，据考证是始于秦朝。
秦始皇曾迁徙庸徒（“庸”就是贫苦受雇的劳力）到此居住，因而得名。
（2.00分）A.居庸关B.峪口C.八达岭D.庸口7.乾隆时，由万寿山和昆明湖构成的一座独具山水之胜的大型园林，当时总称为（）。
（2.00分）A.清漪园B.苏州园C.勺园D.华清园8.卧佛寺附近东南方向，有《红楼梦》的作者（）的故居。
（2.00分）A.高鹗B.范仲淹C.曹雪芹D.施耐庵9.中国的戒坛始创于（）代，僧人道宣把从东晋以来传人中国的各种戒律加以融会贯通，在终南山创立戒坛，制订佛教受戒仪式，形成了佛教宗派中的一派——律宗，又称南山宗。
（2.00分）A.唐B.隋C.明D.宋10.（）是雍和宫内最重要的建筑。
（2.00分）A.大雄殿B.万福阁D.法轮殿名词解释（每题5分，共10分）（总分10.00）1.悬空寺（5.00分）悬空寺，又名玄空寺，位于山西浑源县，距大同市65公里，全国重点文物保护单位。
悬空寺始建于1500多年前的北魏王朝后期，北魏太和十五年(公元491年)，历代都对悬空寺做过修缮，北魏王朝将道家的道坛从平城，今大同南移到此，古代工匠根据道家“不闻鸡鸣犬吠之声”的要求建设了悬空寺。
2023-2024学年福建省福州市八县市协作校高二下学期期中联考英语试题When it comes to tricks in life, the following will be of great help, which might surprisingly end up working the magic.Hooks that helpThere’s nothing worse than throwing something into the trash bin and watching the garbage bag fall in with it. To prevent this, stick two wall hooks onto the outside of your bin(one on either side), positioned so they face downward. The next time you replace the grocery bag, loop its handles through the hooks and no matter how full the bag gets, it’ll never drop to the bottom of the bin again.Easier garbage storageYou have probably encountered this: after filling the bag with trash, it forms a vacuum (真空) seal so tight that it’s a struggle to lift the bag out once it’s full. What to do? Punch a couple of small holes in the sides, a few centimeters above its base. The holes will allow just enough airflow to make lifting out the trash a piece of cake.Instant bottle brushIf you have an ordinary kitchen sponge (海绵) and a fork, then you have everything you need for a DIY bottle brush. Pierce the narrowest edge of the sponge with the fork and slide the sponge down until the points of the fork are fully covered. You can now clean out the skinniest bottle with ease.Express dryingNeed washed load of laundry dried in a flash? Toss a clean, dry towel into the dryer along with all the wet stuff for the first 15 minutes of the cycle. It’ll absorb some of the moisture and speed up the overall drying time.1. What is the key to lifting trash bags?A．The fork. B．The hook. C．The brush. D．The holes.2. Why is a dry towel used in the laundry?A．To take in water. B．To tidy the dryer.C．To clean the clothes. D．To distinguish the wet stuff.3. What does the passage mainly talk about?A．Various means of saving money. B．Creative ideas on making life fun.C．DIY solutions for life’s little dilemmas.D．Different ways to promote cooking skills. I’m a layperson with a love of science who occasionally reads science magazines. My approach was from an author’s angle, spending months on research before writing a single word for Pig Heart Boy.So where did I get the idea? Whenever I attend a school event, that question is asked. The answer is simple. Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) as a possible solution to the lack of human organ donors. It left my mind filled with questions. What are the consequences? Dowe really have the right to treat animals as me re organ sources for humans? So I headed to my nearest bookshop and bought all the books I could on heart transplants in particular.I’ve found questions are one of the best plac es to start from when writing a novel. In my story Cameron, who needs a heart transplant, knows he is unlikely to see his next birthday unless he receives one, but he is a long way down the waiting list. When a genetically modified (GM) pig’s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor, Cameron decides to go for it —and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected ways.Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplant ation. I completely disagree. As a children’s author, it never ceases to amaze me how some adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children.I wanted to write a story that provided no right or wrong answers, a story that would allow the reader to walk in Cameron’s shoes for a while and think about what decisions they would make and how they would react if they too were faced with his situation.Fictional stories that explore new ideas when it comes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects also have a part to play in enriching our children’s reading and learning. Various studies have shown that reading fiction enhances our children’s ability to grasp new concepts. Pig Heart Boy was my attempt to incorporate science possible into a believable, thought-provoking (令人深思的) story.4. Where did the author get inspiration from to write Pig Heart Boy?A．A school event. B．A news item.C．Science magazines. D．Books on heart transplants.5. What might be a major concern of those who disagree with Pig Heart Boy?A．Animal rights. B．GM technology.C．Organ transplant risks. D．Organ shortage crisis.6. What are the last two paragraphs of the text mainly about?A．Ways of tapping children ‘s intelligence.B．Potential application of fictional stories.C．Supporting evidence for justifying the book. D．Influence of fictional stories on STEM subjects.7. What is Pig Heart Boy?A．An author profile. B．A science fiction novel.C．A guidebook to xenotransplantation. D．An essay on writing children’s literature.“Anxiety.” The very word invites discomfort. Its effects—shortness of breath, pounding heart, muscle tension—are outright upsetting. But, as a clinician, I find that we tend to miss out on many valuable opportunities presented by this human emotion. In and of itself, anxiety is not deadly, nor is it a disease. Quite the contrary: it is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that it is a normal, though uncomfortable, part of life, we can use it to help us.We all know working out at the gym is hard. By nature, a “good workout” is uncomfortable, since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do. The sweet spot of exercise is always a somewhat challenging experience. Similarly, if you want to be emotionally stronger, you need to face some tension. For example, one effective treatment for fear is exposure therapy (疗法), which involves gradually encountering things that make one anxious, reducing fear over time.Humans are social creatures. When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxieties, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness. Also, as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches, when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g., “I’m having a hard time right now and could really use your support”), it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love.From time to time, we find ourselves at the end of our rope. Our responsibilities pile up, our resources break down, and we feel uncomfortably anxious—what we’re experiencing is called stress. Simply put, the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources, just like a set of scales (天平) going out of balance. Focusing on work and pretending everything is OK only leads to disastrous results. Medical treatment for stress may function for a while, but it tends to make things worse in the long run. The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.8. What does the author say about anxiety?A．It is an invitation to diseases.B．It indicates stable mental health.C．It costs us many valuable chances.D．It is a natural emotional expression.9. Why does the author mention “good workout” in paragraph 2?A．To prove how exercise influences emotions.B．To suggest an effective way to challenge limits.C．To explain how anxiety builds emotional strength.D．To show a positive connection between mind and body.10. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A．The key to closene ss is partners’ support.B．Sharing anxieties improves relationships.C．Humans are defined by their social nature.D．Expressing feelings keeps us off anxieties.11. According to the last paragraph, how can we deal with stress?A．Devote more energy to our work.B．Increase resources available to us.C．Seek professional medical treatment.D．Master advanced mathematical skills.The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground. Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding.There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap i nsects? For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said.12. What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean?A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly.C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically.13. Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______.A．they can’t keep their balance.B．they use improper flight attitude.C．they lose track of which way is up.D．they are attracted to lights from far away.14. What is the significance of the research finding?A．It may lead to better conservation of insects.B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior.15. What is the text mainly about?A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.C．How artificial light impacts insect populations.D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.Why was school created? 16 Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is. 17 . Sure, tests can be stressful, but think of how boring life would be if you didn’t get to learn new things and see other people so often!Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more. 18 .In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why? To survive, every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this? Education! Each subsequent generation (后代) must be taught these things.19 They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children. 20 .William Gwyn Thomas, who used to be a dairy farmer in Lampeter, Ceredigion, has been cleaning trains at Carmarthen station for 25 years.Gwyn is still working with a team as ________as ever to clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages at night and is proud of what he does. “I didn’t expect I’d still be ________ at 80,” said Gwyn. “But I really love it, and I’ll _____when I feel I can’t do it.”Gwyn joined the train cleaning team in the late 1990s. He _______ his long working life to “eating well, not drinking anything ________ than a beer and cutting down on smoking”.Working from 7:30 pm to 2:30 am, Gwyn and his team clean each ________ from top to bottom, including the cabs (驾驶室), toilets, tables and floors.The worst ________ tend to be Saturdays, when Transport for Wales (TW) said the toilets can be “________”, but Gwyn said he tak es it all in his stride (泰然处之).“It’s annoying but there’s no point ________ it because that’s the job and we just have to _______ it,” he said. “Someone has to get it looking nice for ________ again.”TfW’s cleaning manager Wendy Jones described passionately Gwyn as “part of the ________ of Carmarthen station”.Wishing him a happy 80th birthday, he _______, “The standard of work Gwyn puts in night after night is a(n) ______ example to us all on how to show _______ in your work.”21.A．silently B．gracefully C．energetically D．cautiously22.A．working B．driving C．learning D．farming23.A．continue B．concentrate C．hesitate D．finish24.A．applies B．exposes C．owes D．devotes25.A．weaker B．stronger C．cheaper D．colder26.A．room B．department C．hall D．carriage27.A．cabs B．shifts C．performances D．accidents28.A．rewarding B．exciting C．challenging D．surprising29.A．dreaming about B．complainingC．contributing to D．submitting toabout30.A．break away from B．watch out for C．give way to D．get on with31.A．conductors B．workers C．passengers D．managers32.A．structure B．reform C．schedule D．platform33.A．suggested B．added C．questioned D．responded34.A．true B．poor C．interesting D．hopeful35.A．depression B．curiosity C．bravery D．pride阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
英语科普环保类阅读试题答案及解析1. February 16, 2014（VOA）JAKARTA — The United States and China say they recognize the need for "urgent action" to address the twin challenges of climate change and the air pollution caused by burning fossil fuels. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry called for greater political will to address a warming planet.China is the leading producer of greenhouse gases and joins the United States as the largest consumers of energy. So U.S. officials say the world's two biggest economies agreeing to limit emissions and promote energy efficiency in buildings and industry "sends a strong message to the world" that this is an issue that needs to be addressed now.Following that agreement with Chinese leaders, Secretary Kerry told an audience in Indonesia that Washington hopes this "unique partnership" with Beijing will help set an example for global leadership and global seriousness on climate change.Kerry Warns About Global Climate Change"Together we account for roughly 40 percent of the world’s emissions. But this is not just about China and the United States," Kerry said. "It is about every country on Earth doing whatever it can to pursue cleaner and healthier energy sources.Kerry said scientific evidence compels the world to act."It is not a lack of ability that is the problem," Kerry said. "It is a lack of political resolve that is standing in our way.The European Union is calling for a 40 percent cut in carbon emissions by 2030. European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso says that target is ambitious and affordable."It shows that we are beyond debate where we either have to be green or a defender of industry," Barroso said. "We believe these two issues are not contradictory, but can perfectly go together if handled smartly.Some European parliamentarians and some environmentalists believe the carbon reduction goals do not do enough to encourage cleaner energy. Jason Anderson heads European climate and energy policy for the World Wildlife Fund."We want to make sure that they do not put the brakes on the energy transition that we are seeing now," Anderson said. "Their ambitions for renewable energy would actually slow down the pace of change, which it is completely senseless as it is one of those areas of the economy that is growing right now.Kerry's climate speech was the first in a series of events meant to focus on cutting carbon emissions before talks in Paris next year on coming up with a successor to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which was never ratified by the United States. （）419【1】European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso believes that________.A．The European Union accounts for 40 percent of the world’s emissions.B．we either have to be green or a defender of industry.C．we have to be green and a defender of industry if handled smartly.D．the carbon reduction goals do not do enough to encourage cleaner energy.【答案】C【解析】考查细节理解。
自考高级英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "abandon" is most likely to be found in which part of a dictionary?A) PrefaceB) AppendixC) GlossaryD) Index答案：D2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a narrative text?A) Chronological orderB) Descriptive languageC) Personal anecdotesD) Objective reporting答案：D3. In a persuasive essay, the writer's main goal is to:A) Inform the readerB) Entertain the readerC) Persuade the readerD) Criticize the reader答案：C4. The phrase "break the ice" means:A) To stop a conversationB) To start a conversationC) To change the subjectD) To end a conversation答案：B5. Which of the following is a formal way to address a letter?A) Dear Sir/MadamB) Hi thereC) HelloD) Hey答案：A6. The correct use of the verb "to be" in the sentence "The book is on the table" is as:A) A linking verbB) A transitive verbC) An intransitive verbD) A causative verb答案：A7. The term "hyperbole" refers to:A) A figure of speech that uses exaggeration for emphasisB) A figure of speech that uses understatement for emphasisC) A figure of speech that uses repetition for emphasisD) A figure of speech that uses irony for emphasis答案：A8. Which of the following is a synonym for "meticulous"?A) CarelessB) ImpatientC) PreciseD) Reckless答案：C9. The phrase "a shot in the dark" means:A) A random guessB) A well-planned actionC) A certain successD) A well-aimed shot答案：A10. In English grammar, the term "subjunctive mood" is used to describe:A) A hypothetical situationB) A past eventC) A future eventD) A present event答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" can be used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案：meticulous2. The phrase "____" is used to describe a situation where someone is trying to find out information without being obvious.答案：fishing for information3. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative and likes to tell stories.答案：garrulous4. The phrase "____" is used to describe a situation where someone is not showing their true feelings or intentions. 答案：wearing a mask5. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very careful and cautious.答案：prudent6. The phrase "____" is used to describe a situation where someone is trying to make a difficult decision.答案：caught between a rock and a hard place7. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very creative and imaginative.答案：inventive8. The phrase "____" is used to describe a situation where someone is trying to make something appear better than it really is.答案：putting a good face on it9. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very secretive and does not share information easily.答案：reticent10. The phrase "____" is used to describe a situation where someone is trying to make a difficult decision.答案：on the horns of a dilemma三、阅读理解（每题5分，共30分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
小学上册英语第6单元期末试卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The bird is perched on a ______.2. A ______ (植物妈妈) refers to a mother plant that propagates others.3.The ____ is a friendly pet that loves to play fetch.4.What is your favorite kind of ______ (天气)?5. A _______ is a reaction that occurs rapidly and releases energy.6.Cleisthenes is often called the father of __________ (民主).7. A compound that can donate electrons is called a ______.8.I take care of my ________ every day.9.The _______ can be a source of inspiration for your artwork.10.The beach is _______ (非常漂亮)。
11.The _____ (花坛) is filled with colorful blooms.12.My hamster loves to nibble on ______ (食物).13. A chemical reaction can involve the rearrangement of _____.14.The symbol for tantalum is _____.15.The magpie is known for its _________ (聪明).16.What is the name of the beverage made from brewed leaves?A. CoffeeB. TeaC. JuiceD. Soda答案: B17.We will go ______ to see the fireflies tonight. (outside)18.My _____ (朋友) always helps me.19.What is the opposite of "new"?A. OldB. TallC. SmallD. Long答案:A Old20.The sun is _____ in the afternoon. (shining)21.I can create a mini universe with my ________ (玩具类型).22.The dog is ______ (barking) at the strangers.23.I like to watch ___ (cartoons).24.My grandma makes the best ________.25.Read and match.(看图连对话.)26.My dog is very __________ (忠诚的).27.The process of changing from a gas to a liquid is called _______.28.The __________ (历史的更新) allows for growth.29. A conductor allows electricity to ______ (flow) through it easily.30.The boiling point of water is __________ (100度) Celsius at sea level.31.The __________ is a famous coral reef.32.What do we call the scientific study of the atmosphere?A. MeteorologyB. ClimatologyC. GeologyD. Hydrology答案: A33.I have a blue ______ (气球). It floats high in the ______ (天空).34.The sun is _____ (shining/raining) bright today.35.The rain is ________ (停止).36.The rabbit is ________ carrots.37.Europe is separated from Asia by the __________ Mountains.38. A ______ (植物的利用) can lead to innovative products.39.Rockets are used to launch spacecraft into ______.40.What do you call the imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?A. EquatorB. Prime MeridianC. Tropic of CancerD. Tropic of Capricorn 答案: A41.The __________ can affect the availability of resources.42. A buffer solution helps maintain a stable _____ level.43.I love to take walks when the weather is __________. (宜人的)44.The main type of carbohydrate is ______.45.Most birds can ______.46.The first person to reach the South Pole was _______. (阿蒙森)47.He is a good ___. (friend)48. A _______ is formed when two or more atoms bond together.49.Listen and color.(听录音，涂颜色)50.I want to _______ (学习)如何游泳。
专八语言集锦（05年——14年专八真题及解析归纳）目录1、2005年 (1)2、2006年 (2)3、2007年 (4)4、2008年 (6)5、2009年 (8)6、2010年 (10)7、2011年 (11)8、2012年 (12)9、2013年 (13)10、2014年 (14)11、附加语言学考研题 (15)2005年38.（考查点：main branches of linguistics) Syntax is the study ofA. language functionsB. sentence structuresC. textual organizationD.word formation答案：B。
解析：Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences,是关于形成和理解正确英语句子的原则。
也就是句子结构。
故选择B。
39.（考察点：design features of language) Which of ale following is NOTa distinctive feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. ProductivityC. Cultural transmissionD. Finiteness答案：D。
解析：题问下面四个选项中，哪一个不是人类语言的主要特征？除Finiteness(有限性)外，选项中的其它的三项Arbitrariness（任意性），Productivity（能产性）和Cultural transmission（文化传递性）在语言学概述部分都提到了。
故选择D。
40. （考察点：人物）The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John SearleB. John AustinC. Noam ChomskyD. M.A,K. Halliday答案：B。
语言学教程第二版第八章答案I. Read each of the following statements and questions carefully. Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the statement or to answer the question. (2.5* 20= 50 Scores)1. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. [单选题] *A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in general(正确答案)D. the system of a particular language2. What function does the following dialogue have according to the functions of language?-- A nice day, isn’t it?--Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.[单选题] *A. Emotive.B. Phatic.(正确答案)C. Performative.D. Interpersonal.3. Language can be used to talk about language itself, to help listeners or readers to get clues about the logicial thoughts or attitudes etc of the speakers’ or the writers’. Such language function is called _____. [单选题] *A. phatic function.B. recreational function.C. emotive function.D. metalingual function.(正确答案)4. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _______. [单选题] *A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptive(正确答案)D. linguistic5. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language froma ________ point of view. [单选题] *A. sociological…psychological(正确答案)B. psychological…sociologicalC. applied…pragmaticD. semantic…linguistic6. Which is the branch of linguistics that studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription? [单选题] *A. Phonetics(正确答案)B. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics7. The core branch of linguistics excludes ______. [单选题] *A. semanticsB. morphologyC. phoneticsD. psycholinguistics(正确答案)8. Of all the speech organs, the _____ is/are the most flexible. [单选题] *A. mouthB. lipsC. tongue(正确答案)D. vocal cords9. A _____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position. [单选题] *A. backB. centralC. front(正确答案)D. middle10. Open vowels don’t contain _______. [单选题] *A. [i](正确答案)B. [a]C. [a:]D. [ɔ]11. The naming theory was put forward by _______. [单选题] *A. Plato(正确答案)B. ChomskyC. Ogden RichardD. Firth12. “Male”and" female"are _________. [单选题] *A. stylistic antonymsB. relational antonymsC. gradable antonymsD. complementary antonyms(正确答案)13. “Can I borrow your bike?”_________“You have a bike”. [单选题] *A. is synonymous withB. presupposes(正确答案)C. entailsD. is inconsistent with14. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ________. [单选题] *A. primaryB. correctC. secondary(正确答案)D. stable15. The core branch of linguistics excludes ______. [单选题] *A. semanticsB. morphologyC. phoneticsD. psycholinguistics(正确答案)16. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language? [单选题] *A. Competence(正确答案)B. ParoleC. PerformanceD. Langue17. Unlike animal communication systems, human languag is _____. [单选题] *A. stimulus-free(正确答案)B. stimulus-drivenC. under immediate stimulus controlD. simulated by some occurrence of communal interest18. Among the three metafunctions of languages proposed by Halliday (1994), _____, the participatory function of langauge, enacts social relationships and textual function creates relevance to context. [单选题] *A. ideational function.B. interpersonal function.(正确答案)C. textual function.D. perfomative function19. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______. [单选题] *A. displacement(正确答案)B. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission20. The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct. [单选题] *A. learningB. teachingC. booksD. both A and B(正确答案)II. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with a word or words, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. (2.5* 20= 50 Scores)21. D_____ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that langauge consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：uality)22. Language is p______ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：roductive)23. T______ function of language creates relevance to context and enables us to construct texts out of our utterances and writings. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：extual)24. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k______of the rules of his language. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：nowledge)25. Langue refers to the a______ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：bstract)26. P_______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：arole)27. S_______ is the father of modern linguistics. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：aussure)28. S________ is the study of the meaning of words and sentences. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：emantics)29. Linguistic study in the 19th century was primarily about the d_______ studies. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：iachronic)30. IPA indicates International Phonetics A______. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：lphabet)31. A c_____ is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：onsonant)32. E_______ is a relation of inclusion. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：ntailment)33. "There"and"their" are h_______. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：omophones)34. "Light"and"heavy are g_______ antonyms. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：radable)35. I________ function of language enacts social relationships. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：nterpersonal)36. The d_____ theory sees that the origin of language is from people’s response to the things around them by sounds. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：ing-dong)37. Human capacity for language has a g________ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：enetic)38. C_______ analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：omponential)39. P______ function of language can be used to maintain comfortable social relationship between speakers. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：hatic)40. Lanauge is v________ as the primary medium for all languges is sound. [填空题] * _________________________________(答案：ocal)。
